CN107320504A - 石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分及其应用 - Google Patents
石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分及其应用。本发明首先公开了石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位,为石榴皮水提物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位。本发明进一步对所述有效部位的主要化学成分进行分析,确定乙酸乙酯萃取部位的主要成分为安石榴林、安石榴苷和鞣花酸。抗腹泻实验证明,安石榴林、安石榴苷或鞣花酸单独使用的抗腹泻作用不明显,但三者组成的有效组分具有显著的抗腹泻作用,说明安石榴林、安石榴苷和鞣花酸三者之间具有协同作用。本发明所述石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位以及有效组分,在开发新型抗腹泻药物中具有应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位,进一步涉及石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分,本发明还涉及石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位及有效组分在制备治疗腹泻的药物中的应用,属于腹泻的治疗领域。
背景技术
腹泻,指排便的次数比平时的习惯次数明显增加,大便稀,不成形,甚至水样便,排便总量明显增多。多种疾病可造成腹泻症状。
石榴皮为抗腹泻传统药物,但至今关于石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位、有效成分尚未有研究。因此,研究石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位,进一步分析有效部位的主要化学成分,对于开发新型抗腹泻药物、实现腹泻的有效治疗等,将具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是提供石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位,并进一步提供所述有效部位中的有效组分;
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是提供石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位及有效组分在制备治疗腹泻的药物中的应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案是:
本发明首先公开了石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位,所述有效部位为石榴皮水提物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位。
本发明进一步公开了所述乙酸乙酯萃取部位的制备方法,包括:将石榴皮水提物悬浮于水中,用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,即得。
其中,所述石榴皮水提物的制备包括:将石榴皮粉碎、过筛,得到的粉状石榴皮加水煮沸,过滤,将滤液减压蒸发,即得石榴皮水提物粉末。按照g/ml计,粉状石榴皮:水=1:5-20;优选的,粉状石榴皮:水=1:10。所述煮沸的时间为30-120min,优选为60min;所述煮沸的次数为1-3次,优选为2次。煮沸期间需连续搅拌。所述过滤优选为用4层纱布过滤;所述减压蒸发的温度为60℃。本发明所述石榴皮为石榴科植物石榴Punica granatum L.的干燥果皮。本发明所述的水为蒸馏水。
本发明进一步公开了所述石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位在制备治疗腹泻的药物中的应用。
本发明还公开了一种治疗腹泻的药物组合物,包括:治疗上有效量的所述石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位和药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
抗腹泻验证结果表明,石榴皮水提物具有明显的抗腹泻作用。本发明将石榴皮水提物分别用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,得到乙酸乙酯萃取部位、正丁醇萃取部位和水剩余部位。抗腹泻实验表明,乙酸乙酯萃取部位的低中高剂量组均具有明显的抗腹泻作用,而其他部位活性不显著。因此,本发明确定乙酸乙酯萃取部位为石榴皮抗腹泻作用的活性部位。
本发明进一步对乙酸乙酯萃取部位的化学成分进行分析,结果表明石榴皮乙酸乙酯萃取部位主要含有安石榴林、安石榴苷(A、B)和鞣花酸三个含量比较高的成分。
本发明对有效成分抗腹泻作用的验证表明,虽然安石榴林、安石榴苷(A、B)、鞣花酸各自单独用药并未表现出抗腹泻活性,但上述三种化合物按有效部位含量混合组成的有效组分具有明显的抗腹泻作用。说明,安石榴林、安石榴苷、鞣花酸组合物具有协同作用,三者组成的有效组分可以起到很好的抗腹泻作用,具有开发为新型抗腹泻药物的潜力。
本发明对有效组分中安石榴林、安石榴苷和鞣花酸的配比优化结果表明,按照质量比计,安石榴林:安石榴苷:鞣花酸为0.3939:0.3775:0.2285,抗腹泻效果显著。
因此,本发明进一步公开了石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分,所述有效组分包括:安石榴林、安石榴苷和鞣花酸。按照质量比计,安石榴林:安石榴苷:鞣花酸=0-1:0-1:0-1;优选的,安石榴林:安石榴苷:鞣花酸=0.3939:0.3775:0.2285。
本发明所述的安石榴苷包括安石榴苷A和安石榴苷B,是安石榴苷A和安石榴苷B的混合物。本发明对安石榴苷中安石榴苷A和安石榴苷B的混合比例没有特殊限制。
本发明进一步公开了所述石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分在制备治疗腹泻的药物中的应用。
本发明还公开了一种治疗腹泻的药物组合物,包括:治疗上有效量的所述石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分和药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
有效组分抗腹泻活性的验证结果表明,本发明所述石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分对腹泻的抑制率达到53.2%,抗腹泻效果显著。动物实验证明,本发明所述石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分对小鼠肠推进运动的抑制作用显著,而且对蓖麻油诱导的小肠积液的抑制效果显著。
本发明技术方案与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
本发明筛选出石榴皮抗腹泻作用的活性部位为石榴皮水提物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位,具有明显的抗腹泻作用。本发明进一步对有效部位的化学成分进行分析,确定乙酸乙酯萃取部位主要成分为安石榴林、安石榴苷和鞣花酸。抗腹泻实验证明,安石榴林、安石榴苷和鞣花酸组成的有效组分具有显著的抗腹泻作用,具有开发为新型抗腹泻药物的潜力。
附图说明
图1为石榴皮乙酸乙酯萃取部位色谱图;
图2为安石榴苷A、安石榴苷B对照品色谱图;
图3为安石榴林对照品色谱图;
图4为鞣花酸对照品色谱图;
图5为混料有效成分配比优化结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但是应理解所述实施例仅是范例性的,不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改或替换均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1石榴皮抗腹泻有效组分及组分最佳配伍的研究
1、材料
1.1药品与试剂
石榴皮(Granati pericarpium)购自哈尔滨世一堂药材药店,经黑龙江中医药大学生药学教研室吴军凯副教授鉴定为石榴科植物石榴Punica granatum L.的干燥果皮。蓖麻油(天津市致远化学试剂有限公司,批号:20140920);盐酸洛哌丁胺(西安杨森制药有限公司,批号:130718112,规格:每粒2mg);乙醇(天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司,批号:20150110,分析纯),用于HPLC的甲醇购自Merck(Darmstadt,Germany)。甲酸(85%v/v)由Carlo Erba(Milan,Italy)提供。水通过来自Millipore(Milford,MA,USA)的Milli-Qplus系统纯化。0.45mm PTFE膜过滤器购自Waters Co.(Milford,MA)。
1.2动物
清洁级、健康昆明小鼠,7周龄,♀各半,体质量为(20±2)g,购于哈尔滨医科大学动物实验中心,合格证号:SCXK(黑)2015-006;清洁级Wistar大鼠,♀各半,体质量(200±20)g,购于哈尔滨医科大学动物实验中心,合格证号:SCXK(黑)2015-014。
2、方法与结果
2.1石榴皮水提物与萃取部位的制备
使用机械粉碎机将空气干燥的石榴皮粉碎,并通过4号筛。为了获得药材石榴皮水提物(PGRAE),取100g粉状石榴皮加1000ml蒸馏水煮沸60min,期间需连续搅拌,共煮沸两次。将所得的溶液合并后用4层纱布过滤,滤液在60℃下减压蒸发,得到石榴皮水提物粉末32.4g。将10克得到的水提物粉末悬浮于蒸馏水中,然后分别用两种不同的溶剂(乙酸乙酯,正丁醇)萃取,分别得到乙酸乙酯部位1.83g、正丁醇部位4.5g和水剩余部位2.3g。
2.2水提物抗腹泻作用的验证(蓖麻油致腹泻模型)
取体重20±2g健康昆明系小鼠30只,雌雄各半,禁食不禁水18h后,随机分成五组,每组6只,分别是腹泻模型组(生理盐溶液PSS 10mL/kg)、阳性对照组(洛哌丁胺5mg/kg)、PGRAE高剂量组(400mg/kg)、PGRAE中剂量组(200mg/kg)、PGRAE低剂量组(100mg/kg),将各组小鼠均经灌胃给药60min后,将各组小鼠均灌胃给予0.2mL蓖麻油。然后,将小鼠单独安置在有白色内衬滤纸的鼠笼中。记录初次腹泻时间,每隔一小时,对干便、半干便、稀便的数目进行计数,共记录4小时。在4小时后的计算稀便率和平均稀便率,结果见表1。
从表1可以看出,石榴皮水提物具有明显的抗腹泻作用,这与文献(E.Y.Qnais,A.S.Elokda,Y.Y.Abu Ghalyun,F.A.Abdulla,Antidiarrheal Activity of the AqueousExtract ofPunica granatum.(Pomegranate)Peels,Pharm Biol,45(2007)715-720)报道相一致。
表1石榴皮水提物初次腹泻时间及稀便抑制率
注:与空白对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
2.3止泻部位的筛选
取体重20±2g健康昆明系小鼠60只,禁食不禁水18h后,随机分成十组,每组6只。随机分为腹泻模型组(生理盐溶液PSS 10mL/kg)、乙酸乙酯部位(100,200和400mg/kg)、正丁醇部位(100,200和400mg/kg)和含水残余物部位(100,200和400mg/kg)10组。灌胃给药60min后,再每只灌胃给予0.2ml蓖麻油。记录初次腹泻时间,每隔一小时,对干便、半干便、稀便的数目进行计数,共记录4小时。在4小时后的计算稀便率和平均稀便率,比较并筛选出止泻部位,结果见表2。
从表2可以看出,乙酸乙酯部位低中高剂量组均有明显的抗腹泻作用,而其他部位活性不显著。因此,乙酸乙酯部位为抗腹泻作用的活性部位。
表2各萃取部位初次腹泻时间及稀便抑制率
注:与空白对照组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
A1-3:乙酸乙酯萃取部位;B1-3:正丁醇萃取部位;C1-3:含水残余物部位。
2.4乙酸乙酯部位化学成分比对
色谱条件:
色谱柱:Unitary C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);
流动相:由0.1%甲酸水溶液(溶剂A)和甲醇(溶剂B)组成;
柱温:25±5℃; 流速:1.0mL/min;
进样量:20μL; 检测波长:254nm。
梯度洗脱条件:0-44.2min,A由95%下降到32.8%,B由5%上升到67.2%。
石榴皮乙酸乙酯萃取部位色谱图见图1。
经对照品比对(图2-图4),确定石榴皮乙酸乙酯萃取部位主要含有“安石榴林、安石榴苷A、安石榴苷B、鞣花酸”4个含量比较高的成分。
2.5有效成分抗腹泻作用的验证
为验证乙酸乙酯部位主要化学成分是否为有效成分,将其主要化学成分进行了活性测定,本试验分为5组,实验结果见表3。
A组:腹泻模型组,给予生理盐水;
B组:有效组分组(26.9mg/kg,按200mg/kg乙酸乙酯部位中剂量组中安石榴林、安石榴苷、鞣花酸三种成分的含量计算,各自含量为10.1mg/kg、13.0mg/kg、3.8mg/kg);
根据等剂量不等效原则,C、D、E组采用与B组等剂量计算,
C组:安石榴林组26.9mg/kg;
D组:安石榴苷组26.9mg/kg(购买的对照品是安石榴苷A、B的混合物);
E组:鞣花酸组26.9mg/kg。
由表3可以看出,虽然安石榴林、安石榴苷、鞣花酸各自单独用药,并未表现出抗腹泻活性,但三种化合物混合组成的有效组分具有明显的抗腹泻作用。因此,本发明得出结论,安石榴林、安石榴苷、鞣花酸组合物具有协同作用,组成的有效组分可以起到很好的抗腹泻作用,具有开发为新抗腹泻药物的潜力。
表3有效成分抗腹泻作用的验证
与对照组比较,*p<0.05,效果显著;**p<0.01,效果极为显著。
2.6基于混料设计有效成分最佳配比的研究
应用Minitab软件,采用混料设计单纯型重心设计的方法,以安石榴林、安石榴苷、鞣花酸为自变量,腹泻次数为因变量,筛选最佳配比组合,实验设计表及结果见表4。
表4混料设计及结果
方差分析结果见表5,从中可以看出除了线性项不显著外,其他都显著,说明了成分之间的组合具有较好的协同作用。以目标值最小的方式,利用Minitab软件对实验结果进一步优化,得出最佳组合为安石榴林0.3939,安石榴苷0.3775,鞣花酸0.2285(图5)。以总给药量26.9mg/kg计,每kg小鼠给予的有效组分含有安石榴林10.6mg,安石榴苷10.2mg,鞣花酸6.1mg。
表5方差分析表
表6响应优化
目标 | 下限 | 望目 | 上限 | 权重 | 重要性 | |
C8 | 最小值 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 1 |
2.7最新配比的有效组分抗腹泻活性验证
2.7.1腹泻抑制率的测定
为验证最新配比的有效组分的作用,将其进行了活性测定,本试验分为3组,实验结果见表7。
A组:阴性对照组,给予蒸馏水;
B组:有效组分处理组26.9mg/kg(安石榴林10.6mg/kg,安石榴苷10.2mg/kg,鞣花酸6.1mg/kg)。
表7有效成分抗腹泻作用的验证
与对照组比较,*p<0.05,效果显著;**p<0.01,效果极为显著。
2.7.2蓖麻油诱导的小鼠肠道转运
取体重20±2g健康昆明系小鼠18只,雌雄各半,禁食不禁水18h后,随机分为腹泻模型组(生理盐溶液PSS 10ml/kg)、阳性对照组(洛哌丁胺5mg/kg)、有效组分组(26.9mg/kg),每组6只。灌胃给药60min后,各组再分别灌服0.2ml墨水。20min后脱颈处死,解剖并取出自幽门到肛门的全部肠管,迅速用5%甲醛溶液固定,5min后取出,将肠管轻轻拉直,测定肠管总长度及墨水在肠管内推进的距离,按照公式计算各组墨水推进率并取其平均值。根据墨水推进率和药物抑制率来判定药物对肠推进运动的抑制作用。
推进率=碳末在肠内推进的距离/肠管全长×100%。实验结果见表8。
表8碳沫推进实验结果
与对照组比较,*p<0.05,效果显著;**p<0.01,效果极为显著。
2.7.3蓖麻油诱导的大鼠小肠积液作用
取体重200±20g健康昆明系小鼠18只,雌雄各半,禁食不禁水18h后,随机分为腹泻模型组(生理盐溶液PSS 10ml/kg)、阳性对照组(洛哌丁胺5mg/kg)、有效组分组(26.9mg/kg),每组6只。给药60min后,各组再分别灌服1ml蓖麻油。30min后脱颈处死。打开肠腔分离肠系膜,在胃幽门部和结肠部结扎,取下后再挤出内容物于刻度试管中,测定体积。结果见表9。
表9肠腔积液测定实验
与对照组比较,*p<0.05,效果显著;**p<0.01,效果极为显著。
Claims (10)
1.石榴皮抗腹泻的有效部位,其特征在于:所述有效部位为石榴皮水提物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位。
2.按照权利要求1所述的有效部位,其特征在于,所述乙酸乙酯萃取部位的制备包括:将石榴皮水提物悬浮于水中,用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,即得。
3.按照权利要求2所述的有效部位,其特征在于:所述石榴皮水提物的制备包括:将石榴皮粉碎、过筛,得到的粉状石榴皮加水煮沸,过滤,将滤液减压蒸发,即得。
4.按照权利要求3所述的有效部位,其特征在于:按照g/ml计,粉状石榴皮:水=1:5-20;优选的,粉状石榴皮:水=1:10;
所述煮沸的时间为30-120min,优选为60min;所述煮沸的次数为1-3次,优选为2次;
所述减压蒸发的温度为60℃。
5.权利要求1至4任何一项所述的有效部位在制备治疗腹泻的药物中的应用。
6.一种治疗腹泻的药物组合物,其特征在于,包括:治疗上有效量的权利要求1至4任何一项所述的有效部位和药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
7.石榴皮抗腹泻的有效组分,其特征在于,包括:安石榴林、安石榴苷和鞣花酸。
8.按照权利要求7所述的有效组分,其特征在于:按照质量比计,安石榴林:安石榴苷:鞣花酸=0-1:0-1:0-1;
优选的,安石榴林:安石榴苷:鞣花酸=0.3939:0.3775:0.2285。
9.权利要求7或8所述的有效组分在制备治疗腹泻的药物中的应用。
10.一种治疗腹泻的药物组合物,其特征在于,包括:治疗上有效量的权利要求7或8所述的有效组分和药学上可接受的辅料或载体。
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