CN107308288B - 一种防治脱发、头皮瘙痒的中药洗发剂 - Google Patents
一种防治脱发、头皮瘙痒的中药洗发剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防治脱发、头皮瘙痒的中药洗发剂,其特征在于,每升中药洗发剂由40‑160g苦参提取的苦参水提取物和40‑160g石菖蒲提取的石菖蒲挥发油制成;其中,所述的石菖蒲和苦参的重量之和为200g。本发明所述中药洗发剂不仅药味少,药简力专,疗效显著,而且无减少真皮厚度和毛囊数的副作用。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及医用配制品,具体涉及含有来自植物的未确定结构的药物制剂,该药物制剂适用于防治脱发和头皮瘙痒。
技术背景
脱发的病因复杂,与遗传、免疫、细菌和真菌等病源微生物感染、内分泌紊乱、营养不良、血管机能障碍、精神紧张等因素有关。头皮瘙痒是脱发的常见并发症。本病严重影响患者的生活质量,且病程缠绵,反复发作。目前临床上防治本病尚未有特效的药物问世,现代医学治疗本病,其疗效并不满意,且副作用较大。因此从中医药方面寻求一种疗效好、副作用小的药物防治脱发及头皮瘙痒意义重大。
中医药防治脱发和头皮瘙痒的方剂众多,其中有代表性的有:瞿氏以除湿通窍止脱法,应用由苍术、厚朴、陈皮、苦参、泽泻、茵陈和生山楂等治疗脱发病,疗效较好。杨氏应用生发胶囊(丹参、生地、旱莲草、首乌藤、柴胡、白芷、石菖蒲、天竺黄、青皮、黄连、天麻、栀子仁、白芍、白蒺藜、白蔻仁、黄精、茯苓、生甘草),治疗脱发病96例,总有效率为95.8%。但是,现有的方剂药处方大,药味偏多,很难制备成进入临床的成药。
公开号为CN103041071A的专利申请公开了一种治疗斑秃、脱发、皮肤落屑瘙痒的中药擦剂,该药由:大栀子、蛇床子、石菖蒲、陈艾、花椒、苦参、酒精等中药制成。该专利申请所述的药物的药味仍然偏多,而且方中酒精对皮肤有明显刺激性副作用,能够溶解皮肤细胞膜的必需磷脂,破坏细胞的完整性,长期使用会给皮肤及毛囊细胞造成损坏,造成脱发;同时还有过敏反应,如皮肤萎缩、多毛、皮肤毛细血管扩张等副作用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种防治脱发、头皮瘙痒的中药洗发剂,该中药洗发剂不仅药味少、质量稳定、疗效确切,而且无减少真皮厚度和毛囊数的副作用。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案如下所述:
一种防治脱发、头皮瘙痒的中药洗发剂,其特征在于,每升中药洗发剂由40-160g苦参提取的苦参水提取物和40-160g石菖蒲提取的石菖蒲挥发油制成;其中,所述的石菖蒲和苦参的重量之和为200g。
上述中药洗发剂的最佳技术方案为,每升中药洗发剂由100g苦参提取的苦参水提取物和100g石菖蒲提取的石菖蒲挥发油制成。
上述洗发剂由以下方法制得:
(1)取苦参加水提取2-3次,第一次8-10倍量水,第二次6-8倍量水,第三次6倍量水,每次1-3h,合并滤液,静置过夜,取上清液过滤并浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎即得苦参水提取物;
(2)取石菖蒲,采用水蒸汽蒸馏法或者二氧化碳超临界萃取法提取石菖蒲挥发油;
(3)将苦参水提取物与石菖蒲挥发油混合均匀,再加入洗发剂所需的辅料按常规方法制成所述的洗发剂。
本发明所述的中药洗发剂较现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明所述的中药洗发剂仅由苦参和石菖蒲制成,药味少,药简力专,疗效显著,无副作用,而且有利于质量控制。
为了便于公众更好地理解本发明,下面通过考察本发明药物的临床与动物实验来进一步说明本发明的有益效果。
一、临床观察
病例来源:67例脱发病患者(其中有45例合并头皮瘙痒)全部来自广州中医药大学第一附属医院的门诊与住院病人。年龄不限,在患者签署知情同意书后,进行试验。
诊断标准:全部病例均根据《中医皮肤性病学》的诊断标准,确诊为脱发病。
纳入标准:符合诊断标准;试验前2周必须停用与改善病情有关的药物者;近期没有与脱发相关的其他疾病;
排除标准:不符合纳入标准者;病程超过10年以上,毛囊已萎缩的患者;有严重全身性疾病,慢性消耗性疾病者;
治疗方法:治疗组1-3分别采用下述实施例二、三、五的洗发剂进行治疗,每日外用2次,每次5ml。4周为一个疗程,共使用2个疗程。
疗效标准:根据《中药新药临床研究指导原则》制定的治疗脱发疗效标准,痊愈:毛发停止脱落,新发全部长出,其分布密度、粗细、色泽与健发区相同,皮脂分泌恢复正常;显效:毛发停止脱落,新发再生达70%以上,其密度、粗细及色泽均接近健发区,皮脂分泌明显减少;有效:毛发停止脱落,新发再生达30%以上,包括毳毛及白发长出;无效:毛发再生不足或仍继续脱发者。治疗皮肤瘙痒的疗效标准,痊愈:无瘙痒;显效:瘙痒显著减少,好转50%以上;有效:瘙痒减少,好转50%以下;无效:瘙痒没有减少。
各治疗组治疗后疗效结果见表1。
表1各治疗组治疗后疗效
统计结果显示,各治疗组疗效与公开号为CN103041071A的专利申请所述方法制成的擦剂相比,脱发和头皮瘙痒无显著差异,P>0.05。
二、动物试验
受试药物:
空白组:生理盐水。
实验组1:下述实施例一的洗发剂。
实验组2:下述实施例三的洗发剂。
实验组3:下述实施例五的洗发剂。
对照组1:苦参水提取物制成的洗发剂,其制备方法如下:
取200克苦参按实施例一所述的方法制成1000ml的洗发剂。
对照组2:石菖蒲挥发油制成的洗发剂,其制备方法如下:
取200克石菖蒲按实施例一所述的方法制成1000ml的洗发剂。
对照组3:按公开号为CN103041071A的专利申请中实施例2所述处方的配比和制备方法方法制成所述的的擦剂。具体处方和制备方法如下:
大栀子23.5克,蛇床子23.5克,石菖蒲40.1克,陈艾40.1克,花椒11.7克,苦参40.1克,称取上述原料药材,筛选洗净,将上述原料干燥后分别进行粉碎,并混合均匀后置于反应容器中,然后向反应容器中加入酒精50克,煎煮3个小时,静置2小时后,滤出滤液,最后将滤液浓缩后用乙醇试剂进行纯化,放置24小时后提取上清液,灭菌分装即为成品外用擦剂。
对照组4:去掉公开号为CN103041071A的专利申请中实施例2所述原料中的酒精,按其同样的方法制成擦剂。
给药剂量:
空白组给予生理盐水,实验组1-3和对照组1-4按小鼠体重给药剂量均为0.1ml/g,2次/日。给药方法为外用给药。
(一)抗炎的效果实验
1、小鼠耳肿胀实验
SPF级KM小鼠,18-22g,雌雄各半。随机分为实验组1-3、对照组1-3和空白组,共7组,每组10只。致炎前小鼠背部脱毛,按小鼠体重背部涂药0.1ml/g,2次/日外用给药7d,末次给药0.5h后,每鼠左耳两面涂100%二甲苯0.02ml致炎,右耳作对照。致炎2h后处死动物,沿耳廓基线剪下两耳,用直径9mm打孔器打下双耳同一部位圆片,电子分析天平称重,计算肿胀度:肿胀度=左耳片重-右耳片重;肿胀抑制率%=(空白组肿胀度-给药组肿胀度)/空白组肿胀度×100%。
各组治疗后肿胀度和肿胀度抑制率结果见表2。
统计结果显示,与空白组比较,*P<0.05;与对照组1比较,#P<0.05;与对照组2比较,&P<0.05;与对照组3比较,P>0.05。
2、小鼠毛细血管通透性试验
SPF级KM小鼠,雌雄各半,体重18-22g。随机分组:随机分为实验组1-3、对照组1-3和空白组,共7组,每组10只。小鼠背部脱毛,按小鼠体重背部涂药0.1ml/g,2次/日给药7d,末次药后0.5h后,小鼠尾静脉注射0.5%(生理盐水配)伊文氏兰0.1ml/10g体重。然后,立刻腹腔注射0.6%冰醋酸溶液0.2ml/只。20min后断头处死动物,剪开腹部皮肤肌肉,用6ml生理盐水分数次洗涤腹腔,吸管吸出洗涤液,合并洗涤液加入生理盐水至10ml离心3000转/分,30min,上清液于590nm,测OD值。
各组治疗后小鼠毛细血管通透性结果见表3。
统计结果显示,与空白组比较,*P<0.05;与对照组1比较,#P<0.05;与对照组2比较,&P<0.05;与对照组3比较,@P<0.05。
(二)抑菌的实验结果
体外抑菌试验:
在无菌操作条件下,用不同接种环分别取各菌株一环,用划线法分别接种在血平板、巧克力平板和沙氏培养基中,细菌置37℃恒温培养箱中培养24小时,24小时后取出放入4℃冰箱中保存备用;真菌在沙氏培养基斜面孵育2周,用接种钩挑取适量菌落(约1×1mm)放入消毒乳钵中。使用时,各菌种分别以生理盐水稀释配制菌悬液,用血球仪计数板法调节各菌悬液的最终浓度为5×105CFU/ml。
采用试管连续稀释法,分别取装有1ml营养肉汤的试管7支(第1支试管装离心的药物上清1ml),排列于试管架上,编号,在第1支试管中加入肉汤1ml,摇匀,吸取1ml加第2管中,摇匀,同法稀释至第7支试管,弃去1ml,使第1至第7支试管含药上清浓度分别为25%、12.5%、6.25%、3.125%、1.56%、0.78%、0.39%。另备1支试管做为空白管。
用移液器向各试管中接种1ml各相应菌悬液,分别是金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、化脓性链球菌、棒状杆菌、石膏状小孢子菌、表皮絮状癣菌、断发癣菌,另外设置阴性对照(营养肉汤管)和阳性对照(菌种对照管),金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌37℃孵育4h观察结果,绿脓杆菌、化脓性链球菌和棒状杆菌37℃孵育18h观察结果,石膏状小孢子菌、表皮絮状癣菌、断发癣菌孵育12d,每天观察1次。接种后第7d观察结果,未见细菌生长的试管内的最小药物浓度即为MIC。
各组体外抑菌实验结果见表4。
表4各组体外抑菌实验结果
(三)皮脂代谢的实验结果
SPF级KM小鼠,雌雄各半,体重18-22g。颈后皮下注射0.01mg/10g·d剂量的丙酸睾丸酮,每日1次,连续注射30d。随机分组:随机分为实验组1-3、对照组1-3和空白组,共7组,每组10只。小鼠背部脱毛,按小鼠体重背部涂药0.1ml/g,2次/日外用给药7d。
皮脂分泌率:测定玻璃皿用酒精脱脂干燥并称重(W1),小鼠腹部观察区皮肤用酒精消毒并停止给药,固定小鼠于木板上2h后处死,用石油醚充分洗脱小鼠腹部观察区皮部油脂,收集洗液于玻璃皿内,再次挥干后再次称重(W2)。并计算值。皮脂分泌率=(W2-W1)/面积/时间。
统计结果显示,各组之间无显著性差异,P>0.05。
(四)对右旋糖酐所致小鼠皮肤皮痒模型的影响
SPF级KM小鼠,雌雄各半,体重18-22g。随机分组:随机分为实验组1-3、对照组1-3和空白组,共7组,每组10只。小鼠背部脱毛,按小鼠体重背部涂药0.1ml/g,2次/日给药7d。末次给药30min后,各组小鼠尾静脉注射右旋糖酐(mw=40000)1.25mg/kg(0.025%、0.05ml/10g)造成阵发性皮肤瘙痒动物模型。以小鼠前爪抓头部,后爪搔躯干,嘴咬全身各部位作为瘙痒指征。记录30min内的小鼠瘙痒阵发性发作的次数及发作的持续时间。
统计结果显示,与空白组比较,*P<0.05;与对照组1比较,#P<0.05;与对照组2比较,&P<0.05;与对照组3比较,@P<0.05。
(五)对小鼠皮肤组织学的影响
SPF级KM小鼠,雌雄各半,体重18-22g。随机分组:随机分为实验组1-3、对照组3-4和空白组,共6组,每组10只。小鼠背部脱毛,按小鼠体重背部涂药0.1ml/g,2次/日给药30d。末次给药30min后脱颈处死小鼠,切取约1.0x1.0cm脱毛区皮肤组织块,10%的福尔马林固定。常规石蜡包埋切片,苏木素一伊红染色,每例切片连续2张,光镜观察。观察指标如下:(l)真皮厚度。用显微测微器测量每例切片的真皮厚度(基底膜至皮下组织的距离),每例测三处,取其均值为该例的皮肤真皮厚度。求出各组小鼠真皮厚度均值。(2)毛囊计数。每例数3个高倍视野(x400)的毛囊数,取其均值为该例毛囊数,求出各组小鼠毛囊数的均值。
统计结果显示,与空白组比较,*P<0.05;与对照组3比较,@P<0.05。
统计学处理
全部数据采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行统计分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示。
上述实验表明,本发明中药洗发剂具有抑制小鼠耳肿胀的程度;能降低小鼠毛细血管通透性;能对金黄色葡萄球菌,绿脓杆菌,大肠杆菌,化脓性链球菌,棒状杆菌等细菌及石膏状小孢子菌、表皮絮状癣菌、断发癣菌等真菌有抑制作用;能减少小鼠皮脂分泌率;能减少小鼠瘙痒阵发性发作的次数。表明本发明中药洗发剂具有抗炎、抑菌、改善皮脂分泌率、止痒的作用。另外,本发明中药洗发剂与空白组相比,真皮厚度和毛囊数没有显著性差异,与公开号为CN103041071A的专利申请实施例2的擦剂相比,真皮厚度和毛囊数具有显著性差异,表明公开号为CN103041071A的专利申请实施例2的擦剂减少真皮厚度和毛囊数的副作用明显。
上述实验数据还显示,本发明所述中药洗发剂中的苦参水提取物与石菖蒲挥发油具有协同增效作用。
具体实施方式
以下五个实施例制备中药组合的总量均为200g。
实施例一
1、处方:苦参100克,石菖蒲100克。
2、制备方法:取苦参加水提取2次,第一次8倍量水,第二次8倍量水,每次3h,合并滤液,静置过夜,取上清液过滤并浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎即得苦参水提取物;取石菖蒲用常规的水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;将苦参水提取物与石菖蒲挥发油混合均匀,加入硼酸10g、维生素B15片、AESA 80g、LSA 60g、CAB-35 65g、6501 35g、月桂酸谷氨酸钠30g、EDTA-2NA1g、氨基酸起泡剂50g、甘油30g、丙二醇10g、柠檬酸钠6g、苯甲酸钠2g、尼泊金已酯1.2g及蒸馏水定容至1000ml,搅拌均匀,制得洗发剂。
实施例二
1、处方:苦参40克,石菖蒲160克。
2、制备方法:取苦参加水提取2次,第一次8倍量水,第二次8倍量水,每次2h,合并滤液,静置过夜,取上清液过滤并浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎即得苦参水提取物;取石菖蒲用常规的水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;将苦参水提取物与石菖蒲挥发油混合均匀,加入硼酸10g、维生素B15片、AESA 80g、LSA 60g、CAB-35 65g、6501 35g、月桂酸谷氨酸钠30g、EDTA-2NA1g、氨基酸起泡剂50g、甘油30g、丙二醇10g、柠檬酸钠6g、苯甲酸钠2g、尼泊金已酯1.2g及蒸馏水定容至1000ml,搅拌均匀,制得洗发剂。
实施例三
1、处方:苦参80克,石菖蒲120克。
2、制备方法:取苦参加水提取3次,第一次8倍量水,第二次8倍量水,第三次6倍量水,每次3h,合并滤液,静置过夜,取上清液过滤并浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎即得苦参水提取物;取石菖蒲用常规的水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;将苦参水提取物与石菖蒲挥发油混合均匀,加入硼酸10g、维生素B15片、AESA 80g、LSA 60g、CAB-35 65g、6501 35g、月桂酸谷氨酸钠30g、EDTA-2NA 1g、氨基酸起泡剂50g、甘油30g、丙二醇10g、柠檬酸钠6g、苯甲酸钠2g、尼泊金已酯1.2g及蒸馏水定容至1000ml,搅拌均匀,制得洗发剂。
实施例四
1、处方:苦参120克,石菖蒲80克。
2、制备方法:取苦参加水提取2次,第一次8倍量水,第二次6倍量水,每次3h,合并滤液,静置过夜,取上清液过滤并浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎即得苦参水提取物;取石菖蒲用常规的水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;将苦参水提取物与石菖蒲挥发油混合均匀,加入硼酸10g、维生素B15片、AESA 80g、LSA 60g、CAB-35 65g、6501 35g、月桂酸谷氨酸钠30g、EDTA-2NA1g、氨基酸起泡剂50g、甘油30g、丙二醇10g、柠檬酸钠6g、苯甲酸钠2g、尼泊金已酯1.2g及蒸馏水定容至1000ml,搅拌均匀,制得洗发剂。
实施例五
1、处方:苦参160克,石菖蒲40克。
2、制备方法:取苦参加水提取3次,第一次8倍量水,第二次6倍量水,第三次6倍量水,每次2h,合并滤液,静置过夜,取上清液过滤并浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎即得苦参水提取物;取石菖蒲用常规的水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油;将苦参水提取物与石菖蒲挥发油混合均匀,加入硼酸10g、维生素B15片、AESA 80g、LSA 60g、CAB-35 65g、6501 35g、月桂酸谷氨酸钠30g、EDTA-2NA 1g、氨基酸起泡剂50g、甘油30g、丙二醇10g、柠檬酸钠6g、苯甲酸钠2g、尼泊金已酯1.2g及蒸馏水定容至1000ml,搅拌均匀,制得洗发剂。
Claims (2)
1.一种防治脱发、头皮瘙痒的中药洗发剂,其特征在于,该中药洗发剂由苦参水提取物和石菖蒲挥发油制成;每升中药洗发剂中所述的苦参水提取物由100g苦参提取得到,每升中药洗发剂中所述的石菖蒲挥发油由100g石菖蒲提取得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治脱发、头皮瘙痒的中药洗发剂,其特征在于,所述的中药洗发剂由以下方法制得:
(1)取苦参加水提取2-3次,第一次8-10倍量水,第二次6-8倍量水,第三次6倍量水,每次1-3h,合并滤液,静置过夜,取上清液过滤并浓缩至浸膏,干燥,粉碎即得苦参水提取物;
(2)取石菖蒲,采用水蒸汽蒸馏法或者二氧化碳超临界萃取法提取石菖蒲挥发油;
(3)将苦参水提取物与石菖蒲挥发油混合均匀,再加入洗发剂所需的辅料按常规方法制成所述的中药洗发剂。
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