CN107306643B - Cultivation method for improving bulb quality of narcissus - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving bulb quality of narcissus Download PDFInfo
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- CN107306643B CN107306643B CN201710661597.8A CN201710661597A CN107306643B CN 107306643 B CN107306643 B CN 107306643B CN 201710661597 A CN201710661597 A CN 201710661597A CN 107306643 B CN107306643 B CN 107306643B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of narcissus cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the quality of narcissus bulb bulbs. The method can overcome the phenomena that the growth vigor of the current narcissus flowers is vigorous in the early stage, plants are fatigued and soft in the middle stage, leaves are premature for the later stage, and the texture of the harvested bulb is not solid, can improve the reverse capability of the narcissus plants, delay the withering time of the narcissus plants, prolong the growth period, is beneficial to the nutrient accumulation of the bulb, and effectively improves the proportion of the special-grade bulb to the first-grade bulb.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of narcissus cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the bulb quality of narcissus.
Background
The narcissus is one of traditional famous flowers in China, the cultivation history in Zhangzhou is over 500 years, and the commodity ball yield of the narcissus in Zhangzhou accounts for more than 90 percent of the whole country in the past year. The narcissus commodity ball is a 3-year-old bulb ball planted by buds, diamonds and seeds, the quality grade of the narcissus commodity ball is judged by mainly taking the circumference of a main bulb ball, the growth condition of side bulbs and the appearance ball shape as indexes, wherein the special grade is that the circumference of the main bulb ball is more than or equal to 25.5cm, the plumpness is excellent, each flowering branch is more than or equal to 6 branches, the plant diseases and insect pests are avoided, the side bulbs are two pairs of complete, and the flower ball shape is beautiful and regular; the first level is that the surrounding diameter of the main bulb is more than or equal to 24cm, the plumpness is excellent, each flowering branch is more than or equal to 5 branches, no plant diseases and insect pests exist, more than one pair of side bulbs exist, and the flower is spherical and beautiful. The main bulb of the commodity ball which is preferred during carving is preferably oblate, shoulders on two sides of a central terminal bud are wide, the main bulb is commonly called as flower-arranging flowers, and symmetric bulb foot buds are suitable for carving and shaping into flower baskets, faucets, double-snake water outlet and the like.
In recent years, the flower growers pursue the number of bulb spherulites for production, the seed selection is not strict, the seed sowing amount of some flower growers is increased from 6000 grains/mu which is conventionally used to 7000 grains/mu, and as a result, the yield is increased without increasing income. The field cultivation production of the narcissus ball shows that the proportion of special grade and first-grade bulbs in the product is reduced, the quality of the narcissus ball is also reduced, and the carved artwork has the phenomena of reduced number of flowers on branches, shortened flowering phase, light aroma, thin and weak flower pavilions and the like.
At present, the quality of the narcissus bulb is improved by changing cultivation technical measures, which are more and more concerned, and the influence of changing the seeding mode and the matched growth regulation technical measures on the proportion of special-grade and first-grade bulbs in the product is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a cultivation method capable of improving the quality of narcissus bulb bulbs, and the method effectively coordinates the relationship between the number of the narcissus bulb bulbs in unit area and the surrounding diameter of the main bulb, the growth condition of the side bulbs and the appearance sphericity by changing the planting mode and the matched growth regulation technology so as to achieve the purposes of high quality and high efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving the bulb quality of narcissus comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and bed making are carried out according to a conventional method;
2) selecting seed balls: selecting 2-year-old healthy seedballs with the diameter of 6-8cm, and carrying out seedball castration and disinfection treatment according to a conventional method;
3) the following steps: excavating planting furrows with the furrow depth of 15-20cm, wherein the row spacing (furrow spacing) is 40 +/-2 cm, the plant spacing is 25 +/-2 cm, the planting density is 5000 +/-200 grains/mu, and the castration wounds of the seed bulbs in the same row are arranged oppositely (as shown in figure 1) during sowing;
4) and (3) medium-term growth regulation: spraying 1 middle-stage growth regulating liquid in each of the last 2 months and the last 3 months, wherein the middle-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
prohexadione calcium as a medicine for controlling excessive growth: 0.01 to 0.02 percent;
0.2 to 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate serving as nutrient substances, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of boric acid and 0.02 to 0.05 percent of ammonium molybdate;
5) and (3) later-stage growth regulation: spraying the later-stage growth regulating liquid for 1 time in the last 4 th and the last 5 th months respectively, wherein the later-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
benzyl propiconazole as a bacteria control drug: 0.03-0.06%;
0.2 to 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate serving as nutrient substances, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of boric acid and 0.02 to 0.05 percent of ammonium molybdate;
6) fertilizer application, water pipe, weeding, flower picking and pest control are carried out according to a conventional method, and finally the narcissus bulb is harvested.
Further, the prohexadione calcium is any one of 5 percent of prohexadione calcium suspending agent, 10 percent of prohexadione calcium wettable powder and 25 percent of prohexadione calcium wettable powder.
The medium-term growth regulating liquid has the dosage of 60-75 Kg/mu, is used along with the preparation and is uniformly sprayed, and cannot be mixed with strong acid or strong alkaline insecticidal bactericide for use.
The benzyl propiconazole is any one of 30% benzyl propiconazole missible oil, 50% benzyl propiconazole missible oil and 60% benzyl propiconazole missible oil.
The later-stage growth regulating liquid has the dosage of 60-75 Kg/mu, is used at any time and is uniformly sprayed, and cannot be mixed with copper and mercury preparations and strong alkaline pesticides.
The invention mainly improves the quality of the bulb of the narcissus by the following aspects:
1. when the seed setting, through increaseing row spacing reduction seeding density and same row internal seed ball castration wound arrange in opposite directions (that is every row of seed ball castration wound is unified towards this row) and arrange the outside form that adjusts the plant blade and the growth space of the inside lateral bud of bulb, improve the ventilation light transmissivity between the row, improve the photosynthetic capacity of narcissus plant, be favorable to improving the sphere and improve bulb quality.
2. And in the middle growth stage, spraying a middle growth regulating solution consisting of vigorous-growth-controlling medicines and nutrient substances. Through the foliage treatment of the prohexadione calcium serving as a growth-delaying substance, the length of the narcissus stem leaves can be shortened, the growth of lateral buds inside bulb bulbs and the development of root systems can be promoted, the stem leaves are kept dark green, and the stress resistance of crops is improved. Compared with other growth-retarding substances, prohexadione-calcium has the advantages of no residual toxicity to crop plants and no pollution to the environment.
3. And spraying later-stage growth regulating liquid consisting of antibacterial drugs and nutrient substances at the later stage of growth. The heat resistance of plants can be improved by spraying the bacterium control medicament benzyl propiconazole on the leaf surfaces, so that the color of narcissus leaves is kept green, the senescence is delayed, and the nutrient accumulation of green plant wax leaves is increased in the later growth stage of the narcissus plants. Meanwhile, the benzyl propiconazole missible oil has the characteristics of lasting drug effect, low toxicity, low residue and safety to the ecological environment, and can effectively prevent and treat diseases caused by most of higher fungi, especially daffodil brown spot.
4. In the middle and later growth period, the foliage fast supplements the nutrient elements of magnesium, boron, molybdenum and the like which are commonly lacked in the daffodil continuous cropping land soil, so that plants in the middle and later growth period of the daffodil are robust, the expansion of underground bulbs can be effectively promoted, and the compactness of the bulbs can be improved.
By adopting the technical scheme, the phenomena that the growth vigor of the narcissus in the early stage, plants in the middle stage are flaccid, leaves in the later stage are premature and the harvested bulb soil is not solid in the current production process are overcome, the stress resistance of the narcissus plants can be improved, the growth period is prolonged, the withering time of the narcissus plants is delayed for 10-15 days, the nutrient accumulation of the bulb is facilitated, the proportion of the special bulb (improved from 0.5% to 8-9%) to the first bulb (improved from 5% to 20-22%) is effectively improved, the sales income of flower farmers is increased, and meanwhile, the using amount of the bulb and the corresponding labor for castrating, sowing, picking flowers, harvesting soil and the like can be reduced. In a word, the narcissus cultivation method is beneficial to increasing the income and saving the expenses of the flower grower, and obviously improves the economic benefit of the flower grower for planting the narcissus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a row spacing arrangement and a following method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving the bulb quality of narcissus comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and bed making are carried out according to a conventional method;
2) selecting seed balls: selecting 2-year-old healthy seedballs with the diameter of 6-8cm, and carrying out seedball castration and disinfection treatment according to a conventional method;
3) the following steps: excavating planting furrows with the furrow depth of 15-20cm, wherein the row spacing (furrow spacing) is 40 +/-2 cm, the plant spacing is 25 +/-2 cm, the planting density is 5000 +/-200 grains/mu, and the castration wounds of the seed bulbs in the same row are arranged oppositely (as shown in figure 1) during sowing;
4) and (3) medium-term growth regulation: spraying 1 middle-stage growth regulating liquid in each of the last 2 months and the last 3 months, wherein the middle-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
medicine for controlling vigorous growth: 5% prohexadione calcium suspending agent: 0.02 percent;
nutrient substances: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, boric acid 0.1%, ammonium molybdate 0.02%;
the medium-term growth regulating liquid is used at a dosage of 60 Kg/mu, is used at any time and is uniformly sprayed, and cannot be mixed with the alkaline insecticidal bactericide for use.
5) And (3) later-stage growth regulation: spraying the later-stage growth regulating liquid for 1 time in the last 4 th and the last 5 th months respectively, wherein the later-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
bacteria control medicine: 30% benzyl propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate: 0.06 percent;
nutrient substances: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.05%, boric acid 0.1%, ammonium molybdate 0.02%;
6) fertilizer application, water pipe, weeding, flower picking and pest control are carried out according to a conventional method, and finally the narcissus bulb is harvested.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving the bulb quality of narcissus comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and bed making are carried out according to a conventional method;
2) selecting seed balls: selecting 2-year-old healthy seedballs with the diameter of 6-8cm, and carrying out seedball castration and disinfection treatment according to a conventional method;
3) the following steps: excavating planting ditches with the depth of 15-20cm, wherein the row spacing (furrow spacing) is 40 +/-2 cm, the plant spacing is 25 +/-2 cm, the planting density is 5000 +/-200 grains/mu, and when sowing, the seed bulb castration wounds in the same row are arranged oppositely;
4) and (3) medium-term growth regulation: spraying 1 middle-stage growth regulating liquid in each of the last 2 months and the last 3 months, wherein the middle-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
medicine for controlling vigorous growth: 10% prohexadione calcium wettable powder: 0.015 percent;
nutrient substances: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, boric acid 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%;
the medium-term growth regulating liquid is used at a dosage of 75 Kg/mu, is used at any time and is uniformly sprayed, and cannot be mixed with the alkaline insecticidal bactericide for use.
5) And (3) later-stage growth regulation: spraying the later-stage growth regulating liquid for 1 time in the last 4 th and the last 5 th months respectively, wherein the later-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
bacteria control medicine: 60% benzyl propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate: 0.03 percent;
nutrient substances: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, boric acid 0.2%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%;
6) fertilizer application, water pipe, weeding, flower picking and pest control are carried out according to a conventional method, and finally the narcissus bulb is harvested.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving the bulb quality of narcissus comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and bed making are carried out according to a conventional method;
2) selecting seed balls: selecting 2-year-old healthy seedballs with the diameter of 6-8cm, and carrying out seedball castration and disinfection treatment according to a conventional method;
3) the following steps: excavating planting ditches with the depth of 15-20cm, wherein the row spacing (furrow spacing) is 40 +/-2 cm, the plant spacing is 25 +/-2 cm, the planting density is 5000 +/-200 grains/mu, and when sowing, the seed bulb castration wounds in the same row are arranged oppositely;
4) and (3) medium-term growth regulation: spraying 1 middle-stage growth regulating liquid in each of the last 2 months and the last 3 months, wherein the middle-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
medicine for controlling vigorous growth: 25% prohexadione calcium wettable powder: 0.01 percent;
nutrient substances: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, boric acid 0.15%, ammonium molybdate 0.035%;
the medium-term growth regulating liquid is used in 68 Kg/mu, is used at any time and is uniformly sprayed, and cannot be mixed with alkaline insecticidal bactericide for use.
5) And (3) later-stage growth regulation: spraying the later-stage growth regulating liquid for 1 time in the last 4 th and the last 5 th months respectively, wherein the later-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
bacteria control medicine: 50% benzyl propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate: 0.045%;
nutrient substances: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.35%, magnesium sulfate 0.1%, boric acid 0.15%, ammonium molybdate 0.035%;
6) fertilizer application, water pipe, weeding, flower picking and pest control are carried out according to a conventional method, and finally the narcissus bulb is harvested.
The effect analysis of the narcissus cultivation method of the invention comprises the following steps: in 2016, the nine-lake town Narcissus Chinensis natural village and the great-room farm Dongzao natural village in the main production area of Narcissus chinensis carry out the comparative test investigation of the Narcissus chinensis cultivation method and the conventional cultivation of Huanong, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 investigation of the impact of the narcissus cultivation method of the present invention on the bulb quality of narcissus
The narcissus cultivation method can overcome the phenomenon, improve the stress capacity of the narcissus plant, delay the withering time of the narcissus plant by 10-15 days, prolong the growth period, facilitate the nutrient accumulation of the narcissus plant, effectively improve the proportion of special-grade bulbs (improved from 0.5% to 8-9%) to first-grade bulbs (improved from 5% to 20-22%), increase the sales income of flower farmers, and simultaneously reduce the using amount of bulbs and the corresponding labor for castration, seed setting, picking, soil pasting harvesting and the like. In a word, the narcissus cultivation method is beneficial to increasing the income and saving the expenses of the flower grower, and obviously improves the economic benefit of the flower grower for planting the narcissus.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method for improving the bulb quality of narcissus is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and bed making are carried out according to a conventional method;
2) selecting seed balls: selecting 2-year-old healthy seedballs with the diameter of 6-8cm, and carrying out seedball castration and disinfection treatment according to a conventional method;
3) the following steps: excavating planting ditches with the depth of 15-20cm, wherein the row spacing is 40 +/-2 cm, the plant spacing is 25 +/-2 cm, the planting density is 5000 +/-200 grains/mu, and during sowing, the castration wounds of the seed bulbs in the same row are arranged oppositely;
4) and (3) medium-term growth regulation: spraying 1 middle-stage growth regulating liquid in each of the last 2 months and the last 3 months, wherein the middle-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
prohexadione calcium as a medicine for controlling excessive growth: 0.01 to 0.02 percent;
0.2 to 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate serving as nutrient substances, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of boric acid and 0.02 to 0.05 percent of ammonium molybdate;
the dosage of the medium-term growth regulating liquid is 60-75 Kg/mu;
5) and (3) later-stage growth regulation: spraying the later-stage growth regulating liquid for 1 time in the last 4 th and the last 5 th months respectively, wherein the later-stage growth regulating liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
benzyl propiconazole as a bacteria control drug: 0.03-0.06%;
0.2 to 0.5 percent of monopotassium phosphate serving as nutrient substances, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of boric acid and 0.02 to 0.05 percent of ammonium molybdate;
the dosage of the later-stage growth regulating liquid is 60-75 Kg/mu;
6) fertilizer application, water pipe, weeding, flower picking and pest control are carried out according to a conventional method, and finally the narcissus bulb is harvested.
2. The cultivation method for improving the bulb quality of narcissus, according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the prohexadione calcium is any one of 5 percent of prohexadione calcium suspending agent, 10 percent of prohexadione calcium wettable powder and 25 percent of prohexadione calcium wettable powder.
3. The cultivation method for improving the bulb quality of narcissus, according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the benzyl propiconazole is any one of 30% benzyl propiconazole missible oil, 50% benzyl propiconazole missible oil and 60% benzyl propiconazole missible oil.
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| HRP20191560T4 (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2022-04-29 | Fine Agrochemicals Limited | Growth regulator prohexadione calcium and prothioconazole |
| CN108901739B (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-06-09 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for improving cut flower yield of carnation bud seedlings |
| CN111436346B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-07-06 | 福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所（福建省农业科学院蔗麻研究中心） | Improved method for lateral bulb propagation of narcissus |
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| CN104509430A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-04-15 | 漳州市亚热带园艺技术有限公司 | Narcissus carving product storage, transportation and preservation method |
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| CN104509430A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-04-15 | 漳州市亚热带园艺技术有限公司 | Narcissus carving product storage, transportation and preservation method |
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| 5%调环酸钙EA对小麦生长和光合作用的影响;郭世保 等;《贵州农业科学》;20160315;23-26页 * |
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