CN107304178B - 一种毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂格隆溴铵手性对映体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂格隆溴铵手性对映体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107304178B
CN107304178B CN201610249435.9A CN201610249435A CN107304178B CN 107304178 B CN107304178 B CN 107304178B CN 201610249435 A CN201610249435 A CN 201610249435A CN 107304178 B CN107304178 B CN 107304178B
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glycopyrronium bromide
preparation
methyl
receptor antagonist
muscarinic receptor
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CN107304178A (zh
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于航
王钝
王申夏
毕璟璐
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LIAONING PHARMA-UNION PHARMACEUTICAL Co Ltd
Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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    • C07D207/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
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Abstract

本发明属于医药技术领域,公开了一种毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))‑格隆溴铵手性对映体的制备方法,其特征在于:以((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S),(3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))‑1‑甲基‑3‑(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷(b)为原料,经季铵化定向制得优势异构体((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))‑格隆溴铵。

Description

一种毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂格隆溴铵手性对映体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及外消旋药物毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂格隆溴铵两对手性对映体的制备方法的研究。
背景技术
格隆溴铵(Glycopyrronium Bromide)为季铵类抗胆碱药,美国药典收载品种,是毒蕈碱型受体(M受体)拮抗剂。它能阻断神经节后胆碱能神经支配的效应器上的胆碱受体,竞争性的拮抗中枢和外周的M受体,通过阻断乙酰胆碱或胆碱受体激动剂与受体结合而产生拮抗作用。M受体拮抗剂的药理作用主要作用在心脏、眼部、腺体、胃肠道、呼吸道、内脏平滑肌等主要器官。在格隆溴铵的结构中,含有两个手性碳原子,即3位碳和2’位碳,因此如b所示,它存在两对对映异构体(3R,2’R),(3S,2’S)和(3S,2’R),(3R,2’S)。最新版第36版美国药典中,格隆溴铵仍为消旋体;但在最新版欧洲药典第8.8版欧洲药典中,明确了格隆溴铵的手性碳的构型,即本品由一对对映异构体((3S,2’R),(3R,2’S))组成,而它的另一对非对映异构体((3R,2’R),(3S,2’S))则是主要有关物质。目前国内外上市产品的主要有效成分是((3S,2’R),(3R,2’S))对映异构体,其结构如(a)所示。
Figure GDA0002293442950000011
目前制备((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵主要有两种方法:一种是WO 2006/092617报道的采用了重结晶的方法对格隆溴铵粗品(即外消旋格隆溴铵)进行精制,除去一对非对映异构体((3R,2’R),(3S,2’S)),得到优势异构体((3S,2’R),(3R,2’S)),该方法需多次重结晶操作复杂且收率低;另一种方法CN103012231A报道的采用手性原料制得,或采用手性助剂,利用反应的立体选择性制备优势对映体,该方案成本高且反应条件苛刻。
本专利针对毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵合成方法展开研究,由于格隆溴铵的两对手性对映体化学反应的活化能差异,通过控制反应条件可制备((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵对映异构体,该方法简单、经济、能有效制备优势对映异构体((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵,是一种全新的((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂格隆溴铵((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))对映异构体的制备方法。
本发明以1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷(b)为起始物料,其结构中含有两对对映异构体((3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))和((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S)),根据((3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷和((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷季铵化反应的活化能不同,通过控制反应温度及反应试剂制备((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵对映异构体,路线如图1所示。
((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷(c)与溴甲烷季铵化所需的反应的活化能较((3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷与溴甲烷季铵化的活化能低,因此有效控制反应温度可定向合成((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵。
当反应温度低于-38℃时仅有少量((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷与溴甲烷季铵化生成((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵;当温度为-38℃~-25℃时((3S,2′R),
(3R,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷与溴甲烷季铵化生成((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵;当温度高于-25℃时((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S),(3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷均与溴甲烷季铵化生成((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S),(3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-格隆溴铵。
具体实施方式:
下面就发明内容举例说明,发明内容包括所举实例但不局限于以下实例:
实施例1((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵(a)的合成
30.3g((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S),(3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷溶于606mL乙腈中,冷却至-30℃,滴加质量分数为25%的95g溴甲烷-乙腈溶液,搅拌,有白色固体析出,低温抽滤除去未反应原料及溶剂,干燥,得白色固体((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵18.6g(收率98%),HPLC纯度为99.94%(见图2),[岛津高效液相色谱仪10A;流动相为:乙腈-缓冲液-甲醇(10:40:50);缓冲液:称取3.2g磷酸二钠一水合物,加入900ml水溶液,用稀氢氧化钠溶液调pH至6.5,并用水稀释至1000ml;检测波长为222nm]。
实施例2((3S,2′R,(3R,2′S),(3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-格隆溴铵(d)的合成
30.3g((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S),(3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷溶于606mL乙腈中,冷却至0℃,滴加质量分数为25%的95g溴甲烷-乙腈溶液,搅拌,有白色固体析出,低温抽滤除去未反应原料及溶剂,干燥,得白色固体((3S,2′R,(3R,2′S),(3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-格隆溴铵38.6g(收率97%),((3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-格隆溴铵HPLC纯度为49.68%,((3S,2′R,(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵HPLC纯度为50.32%(见图3),[岛津高效液相色谱仪10A;流动相为:乙腈-缓冲液-甲醇(10:40:50);缓冲液:称取3.2g磷酸二钠一水合物,加入900ml水溶液,用稀氢氧化钠溶液调pH至6.5,并用水稀释至1000ml;检测波长为222nm]。
附图说明:
图1是((3S,2′R,(3R,2′S))和((3S,2′R,(3R,2′S),(3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))-格隆溴铵的合成路线;
图2是((3S,2′R,(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵的光学纯度;
图3是((3S,2′R,(3R,2′S))和((3S,2′R,(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵的光学纯度。

Claims (1)

1.一种制备((3S,2′R)和(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵对映 异构体的方法:
Figure FDA0002293442940000011
其特征在于,以1-甲基-3-(环戊基羟基苯乙酰氧基)吡咯烷为起始物料,其结构中含有两对对映异构体((3R,2′R),(3S,2′S))和((3S,2′R),(3R,2′S)),与溴甲烷季铵化生成((3S,2′R)和(3R,2′S))-格隆溴铵,反应温度为-38℃~-25℃。
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