CN107298808A - 一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107298808A
CN107298808A CN201710590924.5A CN201710590924A CN107298808A CN 107298808 A CN107298808 A CN 107298808A CN 201710590924 A CN201710590924 A CN 201710590924A CN 107298808 A CN107298808 A CN 107298808A
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魏善恒
何立群
肖本国
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法的制备方法,本发明以氯化聚乙烯为高分子原料,改性凹凸棒土为抗静电剂,三唑二巯基胺盐和二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺相互协同作为硫化剂,邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯作为增塑剂,制得的矿用电缆护套材料不仅具有优异的抗静电性能和抗菌性能,还具有良好的耐热性、耐老化性、耐候性、耐油性、耐化学腐蚀性和阻燃性以及较高的机械强度。

Description

一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法,属于高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
随着露天煤矿和井下矿用电动采煤机械的发展,对矿用电缆的性能要求也更为严格,不仅要求电缆护套材料具有优异的电气性能和阻燃性能,同时要求护套材料具有优良的物理机械性能和耐腐蚀性能。氯化聚乙烯具有优良的柔韧性、耐热老化性和耐臭氧性等优点,而且分子结构中含有相当比例的氯元素,所以又具有良好的耐油、耐化学药品性和阻燃性。氯化聚乙烯在潮湿环境下还具有绝缘电阻高、介电常数稳定等特性,是制备矿用电缆护套的理想材料。
但是氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料表面电阻大,这类材料经搬运、接触、分离、摩擦及碰撞时极易产生静电,并聚集于材料表面,这些静电在瓦斯浓度较高的煤矿井中经放电会产生火花,引起瓦斯起火和爆炸,造成矿难,给人的生命安全及财产造成不可估量的损失。另外矿用电缆长期在潮湿环境下工作,容易滋生滋生大量霉菌,从而造成霉菌腐蚀,破坏护套表层,影响电缆护套的使用性能,因此需要研发一种既具有抗静电功能又具有抗菌功能的矿用氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料,以满足市场需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法。本发明制得的矿用电缆护套材料不仅具有优异的抗静电性能和抗菌性能,还具有良好的耐热性、耐老化性、耐候性、耐油性、耐化学腐蚀性和阻燃性以及较高的机械强度。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照质量比10-15:4-6:0.5-1:0.4-0.7:0.3-0.5:0.1-0.3称取氯化聚乙烯、改性凹凸棒土、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺;
(2)将氯化聚乙烯、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺加入到搅拌机内,先低速搅拌混合8-10min,再高速搅拌混合4-6min,得混合胶料;
(3)然后将上述步骤(1)得到的混合胶料加入到开炼机内,调整辊距为2-3mm,辊温为75-85℃,混炼3-5min,再加入改性凹凸棒土,调整辊距为1-2mm,辊温为80-90℃,混炼2-4min,再加入邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯,调整辊距为3-4mm,辊温为70-80℃,混炼4-6min,待温度降至40-50℃时排胶,得混炼胶料;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混炼胶料在硫化温度为180-200℃,硫化压力为15-20MPa的条件下硫化10-20min,再在温度为150-170℃,硫化压力为10-15MPa的条件下硫化30-40min,硫化完成后常温放置24h以上即可。
步骤(1)中所述改性凹凸棒土的制备方法如下:
(1)按照固液比1:4-6将凹凸棒土置于摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaCl溶液中,在80-90℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4-7h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,粉碎,过150-200目筛,得到钠化凹凸棒土;
(2)按照固液比1:10-15将钠化凹凸棒土加入到摩尔浓度为0.1mo/L的AgNO3溶液中,在70-80℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4-6h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Ag+,烘干,得到载Ag凹凸棒土;
(3)按照固液比1:8-12将载Ag凹凸棒土加入到蒸馏水中,在1500-2000r/min的转速下高速分散10-15min,再加入相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量2-4%的三聚磷酸钠,在200-300W的功率下超声分散5-10min,得到载Ag凹凸棒土悬浮液;
(4)称取相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量10-20%的C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵加入到体积分数为75%的乙醇溶液中,所述C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵与乙醇溶液的质量比为1:3-5,充分搅拌均匀后再加入载Ag凹凸棒土,在55-65℃水浴温度下搅拌反应2-3h,冷却至室温,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,研磨,过200-250目筛,得到季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(5)按照质量比1:5-7称取碳纳米管和季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(6)称取相当于季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土质量20-30%的对氨基苯甲酸加入到蒸馏水中,所述对氨基苯甲酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:10-15,水浴加热至50-60℃,搅拌20-30min,再加入季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,充分搅拌均后在100-200W的功率下超声分散1-2h,离心分离,烘干,得到对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(7)按照固液比1:30-40将碳纳米管加入到混合酸溶液中,所述混合酸溶液是由质量分数为70%的浓硝酸和质量分数为75%的浓硫酸按照体积比1:2-4混合而成,在60-70℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4-6h,得到酸化碳纳米管;然后按照固液比1:15-20将酸化碳纳米管加入到蒸馏水中,在150-250W的功率下超声分散0.5-1h,再加入对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,在40-50℃水浴温度下,搅拌反应3-5h,过滤,用蒸馏水洗涤2-3次,烘干,得到碳纳米管包覆的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土。
步骤(2)所述低速搅拌转速为400-800r/min。
步骤(2)所述高速搅拌转速为1000-1500r/min。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明改性凹凸棒土先用NaCl溶液对凹凸棒土进行钠化处理,然后分别采用AgNO3溶液和C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵通过离子交换法对凹凸棒土进行载银和季铵化插层处理,使得凹凸棒土具有优良的杀菌、灭藻、抗菌、防腐、抗静电等性能;最后通过化学键结合法,在凹凸棒土的表面上包覆一层碳纳米管,显著提高凹凸棒土的导电性能。本发明制得的改性凹凸棒土不仅具有极强的广谱抗菌能力,且抗菌率均达到 99.9%以上,还具有优异的导电性。
(2)本发明以氯化聚乙烯为高分子原料,改性凹凸棒土为抗静电剂,三唑二巯基胺盐和二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺相互协同作为硫化剂,邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯作为增塑剂,制得的矿用电缆护套材料不仅具有优异的抗静电性能和抗菌性能,还具有良好的耐热性、耐老化性、耐候性、耐油性、耐化学腐蚀性和阻燃性以及较高的机械强度。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照质量比10:4:0.5:0.4:0.3:0.1称取氯化聚乙烯、改性凹凸棒土、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺;
(2)将氯化聚乙烯、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺加入到搅拌机内,先在400r/min的转速下搅拌混合10min,再在1000r/min的转速下搅拌混合6min,得混合胶料;
(3)然后将上述步骤(1)得到的混合胶料加入到开炼机内,调整辊距为3mm,辊温为75℃,混炼5min,再加入改性凹凸棒土,调整辊距为2mm,辊温为80℃,混炼4min,再加入邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯,调整辊距为4mm,辊温为70℃,混炼6min,待温度降至40℃时排胶,得混炼胶料;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混炼胶料在硫化温度为180℃,硫化压力为15MPa的条件下硫化20min,再在温度为150℃,硫化压力为10MPa的条件下硫化40min,硫化完成后常温放置24h以上即可。
步骤(1)中所述改性凹凸棒土的制备方法如下:
(1)按照固液比1:4将凹凸棒土置于摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaCl溶液中,在80℃水浴温度下搅拌反应7h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,粉碎,过150目筛,得到钠化凹凸棒土;
(2)按照固液比1:10-15将钠化凹凸棒土加入到摩尔浓度为0.1mo/L的AgNO3溶液中,在70-80℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4-6h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Ag+,烘干,得到载Ag凹凸棒土;
(3)按照固液比1:8将载Ag凹凸棒土加入到蒸馏水中,在1500r/min的转速下高速分散15min,再加入相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量2%的三聚磷酸钠,在200W的功率下超声分散10min,得到载Ag凹凸棒土悬浮液;
(4)称取相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量10%的C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵加入到体积分数为75%的乙醇溶液中,所述C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵与乙醇溶液的质量比为1:3,充分搅拌均匀后再加入载Ag凹凸棒土,在55℃水浴温度下搅拌反应3h,冷却至室温,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,研磨,过200目筛,得到季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(5)按照质量比1:5称取碳纳米管和季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(6)称取相当于季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土质量20%的对氨基苯甲酸加入到蒸馏水中,所述对氨基苯甲酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:10,水浴加热至50℃,搅拌30min,再加入季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,充分搅拌均后在100W的功率下超声分散2h,离心分离,烘干,得到对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(7)按照固液比1:30将碳纳米管加入到混合酸溶液中,所述混合酸溶液是由质量分数为70%的浓硝酸和质量分数为75%的浓硫酸按照体积比1:2混合而成,在60℃水浴温度下搅拌反应6h,得到酸化碳纳米管;然后按照固液比1:15将酸化碳纳米管加入到蒸馏水中,在150W的功率下超声分散1h,再加入对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,在40℃水浴温度下,搅拌反应5h,过滤,用蒸馏水洗涤2次,烘干,得到碳纳米管包覆的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土。
实施例2
一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照质量比12:5:0.7:0.5:0.4:0.2称取氯化聚乙烯、改性凹凸棒土、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺;
(2)将氯化聚乙烯、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺加入到搅拌机内,先在600r/min的转速下搅拌混合9min,再在1200r/min的转速下搅拌混合5min,得混合胶料;
(3)然后将上述步骤(1)得到的混合胶料加入到开炼机内,调整辊距为2.5mm,辊温为80℃,混炼4min,再加入改性凹凸棒土,调整辊距为1.5mm,辊温为85℃,混炼3min,再加入邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯,调整辊距为3.5mm,辊温为75℃,混炼5min,待温度降至45℃时排胶,得混炼胶料;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混炼胶料在硫化温度为190℃,硫化压力为18MPa的条件下硫化15min,再在温度为160℃,硫化压力为12MPa的条件下硫化35min,硫化完成后常温放置24h以上即可。
步骤(1)中所述改性凹凸棒土的制备方法如下:
(1)按照固液比1:5将凹凸棒土置于摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaCl溶液中,在85℃水浴温度下搅拌反应6h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,粉碎,过180目筛,得到钠化凹凸棒土;
(2)按照固液比1:12将钠化凹凸棒土加入到摩尔浓度为0.1mo/L的AgNO3溶液中,在75℃水浴温度下搅拌反应5h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Ag+,烘干,得到载Ag凹凸棒土;
(3)按照固液比1:10将载Ag凹凸棒土加入到蒸馏水中,在1800r/min的转速下高速分散12min,再加入相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量3%的三聚磷酸钠,在250W的功率下超声分散8min,得到载Ag凹凸棒土悬浮液;
(4)称取相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量15%的C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵加入到体积分数为75%的乙醇溶液中,所述C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵与乙醇溶液的质量比为1:4,充分搅拌均匀后再加入载Ag凹凸棒土,在60℃水浴温度下搅拌反应2.5h,冷却至室温,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,研磨,过220目筛,得到季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(5)按照质量比1:6称取碳纳米管和季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(6)称取相当于季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土质量20-30%的对氨基苯甲酸加入到蒸馏水中,所述对氨基苯甲酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:12,水浴加热至55℃,搅拌25min,再加入季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,充分搅拌均后在150W的功率下超声分散1.5h,离心分离,烘干,得到对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(7)按照固液比1:35将碳纳米管加入到混合酸溶液中,所述混合酸溶液是由质量分数为70%的浓硝酸和质量分数为75%的浓硫酸按照体积比1:3混合而成,在65℃水浴温度下搅拌反应5h,得到酸化碳纳米管;然后按照固液比1:18将酸化碳纳米管加入到蒸馏水中,在200W的功率下超声分散0.5h,再加入对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,在45℃水浴温度下,搅拌反应4h,过滤,用蒸馏水洗涤3次,烘干,得到碳纳米管包覆的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土。
实施例3
一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照质量比15:6:1:0.7:0.5:0.3称取氯化聚乙烯、改性凹凸棒土、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺;
(2)将氯化聚乙烯、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺加入到搅拌机内,先在800r/min的转速下搅拌混合8min,再在1500r/min的转速下搅拌混合4min,得混合胶料;
(3)然后将上述步骤(1)得到的混合胶料加入到开炼机内,调整辊距为2mm,辊温为85℃,混炼3min,再加入改性凹凸棒土,调整辊距为1mm,辊温为90℃,混炼2min,再加入邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯,调整辊距为3mm,辊温为80℃,混炼4min,待温度降至50℃时排胶,得混炼胶料;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混炼胶料在硫化温度为200℃,硫化压力为20MPa的条件下硫化10min,再在温度为170℃,硫化压力为15MPa的条件下硫化30min,硫化完成后常温放置24h以上即可。
步骤(1)中所述改性凹凸棒土的制备方法如下:
(1)按照固液比1:6将凹凸棒土置于摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaCl溶液中,在90℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,粉碎,过200目筛,得到钠化凹凸棒土;
(2)按照固液比1:15将钠化凹凸棒土加入到摩尔浓度为0.1mo/L的AgNO3溶液中,在80℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Ag+,烘干,得到载Ag凹凸棒土;
(3)按照固液比1:12将载Ag凹凸棒土加入到蒸馏水中,在2000r/min的转速下高速分散10min,再加入相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量4%的三聚磷酸钠,在300W的功率下超声分散5min,得到载Ag凹凸棒土悬浮液;
(4)称取相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量10%的C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵加入到体积分数为75%的乙醇溶液中,所述C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵与乙醇溶液的质量比为1:4,充分搅拌均匀后再加入载Ag凹凸棒土,在65℃水浴温度下搅拌反应2h,冷却至室温,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,研磨,过250目筛,得到季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(5)按照质量比1:7称取碳纳米管和季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(6)称取相当于季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土质量30%的对氨基苯甲酸加入到蒸馏水中,所述对氨基苯甲酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:15,水浴加热至60℃,搅拌20min,再加入季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,充分搅拌均后在200W的功率下超声分散1h,离心分离,烘干,得到对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(7)按照固液比1:40将碳纳米管加入到混合酸溶液中,所述混合酸溶液是由质量分数为70%的浓硝酸和质量分数为75%的浓硫酸按照体积比1:4混合而成,在70℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4h,得到酸化碳纳米管;然后按照固液比1:20将酸化碳纳米管加入到蒸馏水中,在250W的功率下超声分散0.5h,再加入对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,在50℃水浴温度下,搅拌反应3h,过滤,用蒸馏水洗涤3次,烘干,得到碳纳米管包覆的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土。

Claims (4)

1.一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
按照质量比10-15:4-6:0.5-1:0.4-0.7:0.3-0.5:0.1-0.3称取氯化聚乙烯、改性凹凸棒土、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺;
将氯化聚乙烯、三唑二巯基胺盐、二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺、N,N'-二仲丁基对苯二胺加入到搅拌机内,先低速搅拌混合8-10min,再高速搅拌混合4-6min,得混合胶料;
然后将上述步骤(1)得到的混合胶料加入到开炼机内,调整辊距为2-3mm,辊温为75-85℃,混炼3-5min,再加入改性凹凸棒土,调整辊距为1-2mm,辊温为80-90℃,混炼2-4min,再加入邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯,调整辊距为3-4mm,辊温为70-80℃,混炼4-6min,待温度降至40-50℃时排胶,得混炼胶料;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的混炼胶料在硫化温度为180-200℃,硫化压力为15-20MPa的条件下硫化10-20min,再在温度为150-170℃,硫化压力为10-15MPa的条件下硫化30-40min,硫化完成后常温放置24h以上即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述改性凹凸棒土的制备方法如下:
(1)按照固液比1:4-6将凹凸棒土置于摩尔浓度为1mol/L的NaCl溶液中,在80-90℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4-7h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,粉碎,过150-200目筛,得到钠化凹凸棒土;
(2)按照固液比1:10-15将钠化凹凸棒土加入到摩尔浓度为0.1mo/L的AgNO3溶液中,在70-80℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4-6h,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Ag+,烘干,得到载Ag凹凸棒土;
(3)按照固液比1:8-12将载Ag凹凸棒土加入到蒸馏水中,在1500-2000r/min的转速下高速分散10-15min,再加入相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量2-4%的三聚磷酸钠,在200-300W的功率下超声分散5-10min,得到载Ag凹凸棒土悬浮液;
(4)称取相当于载Ag凹凸棒土质量10-20%的C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵加入到体积分数为75%的乙醇溶液中,所述C12-14-烷基二甲基乙基苄基氯化铵与乙醇溶液的质量比为1:3-5,充分搅拌均匀后再加入载Ag凹凸棒土,在55-65℃水浴温度下搅拌反应2-3h,冷却至室温,离心分离,蒸馏水洗去Cl-,烘干,研磨,过200-250目筛,得到季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(5)按照质量比1:5-7称取碳纳米管和季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(6)称取相当于季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土质量20-30%的对氨基苯甲酸加入到蒸馏水中,所述对氨基苯甲酸与蒸馏水的质量比为1:10-15,水浴加热至50-60℃,搅拌20-30min,再加入季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,充分搅拌均后在100-200W的功率下超声分散1-2h,离心分离,烘干,得到对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土;
(7)按照固液比1:30-40将碳纳米管加入到混合酸溶液中,所述混合酸溶液是由质量分数为70%的浓硝酸和质量分数为75%的浓硫酸按照体积比1:2-4混合而成,在60-70℃水浴温度下搅拌反应4-6h,得到酸化碳纳米管;然后按照固液比1:15-20将酸化碳纳米管加入到蒸馏水中,在150-250W的功率下超声分散0.5-1h,再加入对氨基苯甲酸修饰的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土,在40-50℃水浴温度下,搅拌反应3-5h,过滤,用蒸馏水洗涤2-3次,烘干,得到碳纳米管包覆的季铵盐插层载Ag凹凸棒土。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述低速搅拌转速为400-800r/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种矿用抗静电抗菌氯化聚乙烯电缆护套材料的制备方法的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述高速搅拌转速为1000-1500r/min。
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