CN104629200A - 一种改性复合电缆护套材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改性复合电缆护套材料,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯30-40份,交联绝缘聚乙烯20-30份,改性纳米高岭土15-20份,二硫化二苯并噻唑0.8-1.3份,氧化锌1-3份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1-2份,防老剂4010NA 0.8-1.5份,高耐磨炭黑40-50份,煅烧陶土20-30份,纳米碳酸钙15-25份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5-2份,硬脂酸1-2份,氯化石蜡1-2份,固体钙锌稳定剂1-3份,亚磷酸酯1-3份。本发明耐老化性能好,物理机械性能优异,成本较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆护套技术领域,尤其涉及一种改性复合电缆护套材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
伴随着中国电缆行业高速发展,新增企业数量不断上升,行业整体技术水平得到大幅提高,在线路中,电缆所占的比重正逐渐增加,电缆最外层一般为橡胶或橡胶合成套,这一层的作用绝缘,及保护电缆不受伤害的作用,但在敷设或运行过程中,电缆的护套层容被损坏或受机械损伤,且长时间的过载运行,易导致电缆的外套层老化干枯,使护套层失去或降低保护性能。护套层橡胶材料性能好坏与添加的填料及补强剂有直接关系,因高岭土原料丰富,加工工艺简单,成本低廉等特点,是橡胶护套层常用的无机矿物填料之一,高岭土是以高岭石和多水高岭石为主要矿物成分的粘土矿,其结构为二八面体,由1∶1的硅氧四面体和铝氧八面体组成,硅氧四面体和铝氧八面体共用氧原子,但其颗粒微细,表面积大,表面亲水,表面具有较高的活性,易发生团聚,同时由于高岭土与聚合物的界面性质不同,相容性较差,本身填充聚合物时难以分散均匀而产生相分离,一定程度上降低了聚合物的力学机械性能,使这种微细高岭土的优良性质不能得到充分发挥,如何制备一种耐老化,机械性能好,成本低的改性复合电缆护套材料成为目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种改性复合电缆护套材料及其制备方法,所述护套材料所述电缆用护套材料耐老化性能好,物理机械性能优异,成本较低。
本发明提出的一种改性复合电缆护套材料,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯30-40份,交联绝缘聚乙烯20-30份,改性纳米高岭土15-20份,二硫化二苯并噻唑0.8-1.3份,氧化锌1-3份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1-2份,防老剂4010NA 0.8-1.5份,高耐磨炭黑40-50份,煅烧陶土20-30份,纳米碳酸钙15-25份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5-2份,硬脂酸1-2份,氯化石蜡1-2份,固体钙锌稳定剂1-3份,亚磷酸酯1-3份;
在改性纳米高岭土的制备过程中,将氢氧化钠溶液加入到纳米高岭土中,搅拌均匀,使得到的物料的pH值为8-10,超声分散得到预混液,向预混液中加入醋酸钾混合均匀,置于微型旋涡混合仪上振荡,研磨,静置,置于烘箱中恒温干燥得到复合物,取出复合物,研磨,水洗,烘干,研磨,将得到的物料放于水中,加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合均匀得到预制高岭土,将硅烷偶联剂KH560,置于pH值为5-6的乙醇溶液中至水解完全得到硅烷偶联剂水解液,将预制高岭土加热,然后加入硅烷偶联剂水解液微波反应,自然冷却,过滤,无水乙醇洗涤,蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,粉碎,研磨得到改性纳米高岭土。
优选地,在改性纳米高岭土的制备过程中,按重量份将取20-40份纳米高岭土,向其中加入氢氧化钠溶液使得到的物料的pH值为8-10,氢氧化钠溶液与纳米高岭土的重量体积比(g:ml)为1:15-20,搅拌均匀,超声分散5-20min得到预混液,向预混液中加入20-30份醋酸钾混合均匀,置于微型旋涡混合仪上振荡2-4min,研磨15-30min,静置20-40h,在60-80℃烘箱中恒温干燥15-30h,得到复合物,取出复合物,研磨10-15min,水洗3-8次,烘干,研磨,将得到的物料放于90-95℃水中,加入0.03-0.045份十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合均匀得到预制高岭土,称取0.5-2份硅烷偶联剂KH560,置于pH值为5-6的95%的乙醇溶液中至水解完全得到硅烷偶联剂水解液,将预制高岭土加热到50-70℃,加入硅烷偶联剂水解液微波反应10-20min,微波功率为400-500w,自然冷却,过滤,无水乙醇洗涤1-2次,蒸馏水洗涤2-3次,在100-110℃下干燥20-24h,粉碎,研磨得到改性纳米高岭土。
优选地,改性纳米高岭土中Mn的含量为0.10045-0.1007wt%。
优选地,氯磺化聚乙烯、交联绝缘聚乙烯及改性纳米高岭土的重量比为35-38:25-27:16-18。
优选地,高耐磨炭黑、煅烧陶土、纳米碳酸钙的重量比为44-46:25-28:20-23。
优选地,二硫化二苯并噻唑、氧化锌的重量比为1-1.2:1-2。
优选地,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯35-38份,交联绝缘聚乙烯25-27份,改性纳米高岭土16-18份,二硫化二苯并噻唑1-1.2份,氧化锌1-2份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1.4-1.7份,防老剂4010NA 1-1.4份,高耐磨炭黑44-46份,煅烧陶土25-28份,纳米碳酸钙20-23份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯1-1.5份,硬脂酸1.2-1.6份,氯化石蜡1.4-1.8份,固体钙锌稳定剂2-2.6份,亚磷酸酯1-2份。
优选地,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯36份,交联绝缘聚乙烯26份,改性纳米高岭土17.4份,二硫化二苯并噻唑1.15份,氧化锌1.6份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1.5份,防老剂4010NA 1.2份,高耐磨炭黑45.4份,煅烧陶土26份,纳米碳酸钙21份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯1.2份,硬脂酸1.5份,氯化石蜡1.6份,固体钙锌稳定剂2.3份,亚磷酸酯1.4份。
本发明提出的上述改性复合电缆护套材料的制备工艺为:将氯磺化聚乙烯、交联绝缘聚乙烯及改性纳米高岭土在密炼机中混炼10-13min,然后加入氧化锌、硬脂酸、氯化石蜡、亚磷酸酯、固体钙锌稳定剂、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、炭黑、煅烧陶土及纳米碳酸钙在密炼机中混炼12-15min;将得到的物料中加入防老剂4010NA、二硫化二苯并噻唑及二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌进行混炼,混炼温度为100-120℃,混炼时间为20-60s;将制备的物料送入开炼机中进行轧片散热得到改性复合电缆护套材料,其中开炼机温度为100-115℃,轧片时间为8-10min。
本发明中,氯磺化聚乙烯耐臭氧、耐老化性、耐化学腐蚀性及物理机械性能好,交联绝缘聚乙烯耐磨性、耐腐蚀、耐应力开裂性较优异,氯磺化聚乙烯、交联绝缘聚乙烯与改性纳米高岭土混合使用,产品的物理机械性能,耐老化性能极为优异,且生产成本低,其中由于高岭土单元层间存在-OH键和Si-O键,层间距很小,在改性纳米高岭土的制备过程中,先利用醋酸钾吸潮特性对高岭土进行有机插层、剥离,高岭土内部除去夹层客体醋酸钾,自然剥片后,可有效撑高岭土层间距,并使层间亲水性转变为亲油性,层间的表面能降低,有利于其它有机大分子通过置换过程进入高岭土层间,且高岭土层间表面羟基活性比较低,能有效减弱橡胶老化过程,再经过合适的偶联剂改性后,高岭土表面能显著降低,与其他物料间交联性和分散性好,在氯磺化聚乙烯、交联绝缘聚乙烯及其他物料中掺入改性纳米高岭土后,可显著改善橡胶制品物理机械性能、耐磨性、耐酸碱腐蚀性、耐热稳定性及胶料的加工性能,与此同时,橡胶制品的成本明显降低,提高经济效益,此外进一步控制内部Mn的含量,橡胶耐老化程度进一步减弱,另合理添加适量高耐磨炭黑、煅烧陶土及纳米碳酸钙与改性纳米高岭土一起作为补强填充体系,护套材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度及耐磨性能优异,物理机械性能进一步增强,且原料成本低,此外使用二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌与二硫化二苯并噻唑共用具有更高的硫化活性,并与硬脂酸及氧化锌配合作用,可增强交联密度,较明显的提高套材料的硬度及机械强度,产品物理机械性能好,与防老剂4010NA、亚磷酸酯配合作用,两者协同作用好,产品的耐老化性能进一步增强。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明提出的一种改性复合电缆护套材料,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯30份,交联绝缘聚乙烯30份,改性纳米高岭土15份,二硫化二苯并噻唑1.3份,氧化锌1份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌2份,防老剂4010NA 0.8份,高耐磨炭黑50份,煅烧陶土20份,纳米碳酸钙25份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5份,硬脂酸2份,氯化石蜡1份,固体钙锌稳定剂3份,亚磷酸酯1份。
在改性纳米高岭土的制备过程中,按重量份将取40份纳米高岭土,向其中加入氢氧化钠溶液使得到的物料的pH值为8,氢氧化钠溶液与纳米高岭土的重量体积比(g:ml)为1:20,搅拌均匀,超声分散5min得到预混液,向预混液中加入30份醋酸钾混合均匀,置于微型旋涡混合仪上振荡2min,研磨30min,静置20h,在80℃烘箱中恒温干燥15h,得到复合物,取出复合物,研磨15min,水洗3次,烘干,研磨,将得到的物料放于95℃水中,加入0.03份十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合均匀得到预制高岭土,称取2份硅烷偶联剂KH560,置于pH值为5的95%的乙醇溶液中至水解完全得到硅烷偶联剂水解液,将预制高岭土加热到70℃,加入硅烷偶联剂水解液微波反应10min,微波功率为500w,自然冷却,过滤,无水乙醇洗涤1次,蒸馏水洗涤3次,在100℃下干燥24h,粉碎,研磨得到改性纳米高岭土,改性纳米高岭土中Mn的含量为0.1007wt%。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种改性复合电缆护套材料,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯40份,交联绝缘聚乙烯20份,改性纳米高岭土20份,二硫化二苯并噻唑0.8份,氧化锌3份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1份,防老剂4010NA 1.5份,高耐磨炭黑40份,煅烧陶土30份,纳米碳酸钙15份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯2份,硬脂酸1份,氯化石蜡2份,固体钙锌稳定剂1份,亚磷酸酯3份。
在改性纳米高岭土的制备过程中,按重量份将取20份纳米高岭土,向其中加入氢氧化钠溶液使得到的物料的pH值为10,氢氧化钠溶液与纳米高岭土的重量体积比(g:ml)为1:15,搅拌均匀,超声分散20min得到预混液,向预混液中加入20份醋酸钾混合均匀,置于微型旋涡混合仪上振荡4min,研磨15min,静置40h,在60℃烘箱中恒温干燥30h,得到复合物,取出复合物,研磨10min,水洗8次,烘干,研磨,将得到的物料放于90℃水中,加入0.045份十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合均匀得到预制高岭土,称取0.5份硅烷偶联剂KH560,置于pH值为6的95%的乙醇溶液中至水解完全得到硅烷偶联剂水解液,将预制高岭土加热到50℃,加入硅烷偶联剂水解液微波反应20min,微波功率为400w,自然冷却,过滤,无水乙醇洗涤2次,蒸馏水洗涤2次,在110℃下干燥20h,粉碎,研磨得到改性纳米高岭土,改性纳米高岭土中Mn的含量为0.10045wt%。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种改性复合电缆护套材料,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯36,交联绝缘聚乙烯26份,改性纳米高岭土17.4份,二硫化二苯并噻唑1.15份,氧化锌1.6份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1.5份,防老剂4010NA 1.2份,高耐磨炭黑45.4份,煅烧陶土26份,纳米碳酸钙21份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯1.2份,硬脂酸1.5份,氯化石蜡1.6份,固体钙锌稳定剂2.3份,亚磷酸酯1.4份。
在改性纳米高岭土的制备过程中,按重量份将取32份纳米高岭土,向其中加入氢氧化钠溶液使得到的物料的pH值为9,氢氧化钠溶液与纳米高岭土的重量体积比(g:ml)为1:18,搅拌均匀,超声分散16min得到预混液,向预混液中加入28份醋酸钾混合均匀,置于微型旋涡混合仪上振荡3min,研磨17min,静置32h,在75℃烘箱中恒温干燥25h,得到复合物,取出复合物,研磨13min,水洗6次,烘干,研磨,将得到的物料放于92℃水中,加入0.042份十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合均匀得到预制高岭土,称取1.2份硅烷偶联剂KH560,置于pH值为5.3的95%的乙醇溶液中至水解完全得到硅烷偶联剂水解液,将预制高岭土加热到65℃,加入硅烷偶联剂水解液微波反应18min,微波功率为480w,自然冷却,过滤,无水乙醇洗涤1次,蒸馏水洗涤3次,在105℃下干燥22h,粉碎,研磨得到改性纳米高岭土,改性纳米高岭土中Mn的含量为0.1005wt%。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种改性复合电缆护套材料,其特征在于,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯30-40份,交联绝缘聚乙烯20-30份,改性纳米高岭土15-20份,二硫化二苯并噻唑0.8-1.3份,氧化锌1-3份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1-2份,防老剂4010NA 0.8-1.5份,高耐磨炭黑40-50份,煅烧陶土20-30份,纳米碳酸钙15-25份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.5-2份,硬脂酸1-2份,氯化石蜡1-2份,固体钙锌稳定剂1-3份,亚磷酸酯1-3份;
在改性纳米高岭土的制备过程中,将氢氧化钠溶液加入到纳米高岭土中,搅拌均匀,使得到的物料的pH值为8-10,超声分散得到预混液,向预混液中加入醋酸钾混合均匀,置于微型旋涡混合仪上振荡,研磨,静置,置于烘箱中恒温干燥得到复合物,取出复合物,研磨,水洗,烘干,研磨,将得到的物料放于水中,加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合均匀得到预制高岭土,将硅烷偶联剂KH560,置于pH值为5-6的乙醇溶液中至水解完全得到硅烷偶联剂水解液,将预制高岭土加热,然后加入硅烷偶联剂水解液微波反应,自然冷却,过滤,无水乙醇洗涤,蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,粉碎,研磨得到改性纳米高岭土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性复合电缆护套材料,其特征在于,在改性纳米高岭土的制备过程中,按重量份将取20-40份纳米高岭土,向其中加入氢氧化钠溶液使得到的物料的pH值为8-10,氢氧化钠溶液与纳米高岭土的重量体积比(g:ml)为1:15-20,搅拌均匀,超声分散5-20min得到预混液,向预混液中加入20-30份醋酸钾混合均匀,置于微型旋涡混合仪上振荡2-4min,研磨15-30min,静置20-40h,在60-80℃烘箱中恒温干燥15-30h,得到复合物,取出复合物,研磨10-15min,水洗3-8次,烘干,研磨,将得到的物料放于90-95℃水中,加入0.03-0.045份十六烷基三甲基溴化铵混合均匀得到预制高岭土,称取0.5-2份硅烷偶联剂KH560,置于pH值为5-6的95%的乙醇溶液中至水解完全得到硅烷偶联剂水解液,将预制高岭土加热到50-70℃,加入硅烷偶联剂水解液微波反应10-20min,微波功率为400-500w,自然冷却,过滤,无水乙醇洗涤1-2次,蒸馏水洗涤2-3次,在100-110℃下干燥20-24h,粉碎,研磨得到改性纳米高岭土。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的改性复合电缆护套材料,其特征在于,改性纳米高岭土中Mn的含量为0.10045-0.1007wt%。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的改性复合电缆护套材料,其特征在于,氯磺化聚乙烯、交联绝缘聚乙烯及改性纳米高岭土的重量比为35-38:25-27:16-18。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的改性复合电缆护套材料,其特征在于,高耐磨炭黑、煅烧陶土、纳米碳酸钙的重量比为44-46:25-28:20-23。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的改性复合电缆护套材料,其特征在于,二硫化二苯并噻唑、氧化锌的重量比为1-1.2:1-2。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的改性复合电缆护套材料,其特征在于,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯35-38份,交联绝缘聚乙烯25-27份,改性纳米高岭土16-18份,二硫化二苯并噻唑1-1.2份,氧化锌1-2份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1.4-1.7份,防老剂4010NA 1-1.4份,高耐磨炭黑44-46份,煅烧陶土25-28份,纳米碳酸钙20-23份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯1-1.5份,硬脂酸1.2-1.6份,氯化石蜡1.4-1.8份,固体钙锌稳定剂2-2.6份,亚磷酸酯1-2份。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的改性复合电缆护套材料,其特征在于,其原料按重量份包括:氯磺化聚乙烯36,交联绝缘聚乙烯26份,改性纳米高岭土17.4份,二硫化二苯并噻唑1.15份,氧化锌1.6份,二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌1.5份,防老剂4010NA 1.2份,高耐磨炭黑45.4份,煅烧陶土26份,纳米碳酸钙21份,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯1.2份,硬脂酸1.5份,氯化石蜡1.6份,固体钙锌稳定剂2.3份,亚磷酸酯1.4份。
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CN109456598A (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2019-03-12 | 浙江上青元电力科技有限公司 | 一种自固化绝缘包材 |
CN108752767A (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-06 | 浙江中大元通特种电缆有限公司 | 一种绝缘屏蔽材料及其制备方法和高压绝缘电缆 |
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