CN107287877A - 一种改善蚕丝性能的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改善蚕丝性能的方法，其特征在于，包括以下方面：（1）水槽电离，向电泳水槽中加入3/5的水，并向水中加入0.4%‑0.6%的导电剂，对蚕丝进行5个阶段的电离；（2）清洗烘干，将蚕丝浸入清水中浸泡，在低温下烘干；（3）功能剂浸泡，配制功能剂，水浴温度为72℃‑75℃，容器内压强为0.6‑0.8Pa，对蚕丝进行浸泡处理；（4）清洗处理，向水中加入2%的清洗剂，对经过功能剂浸泡的蚕丝进行清洗，在低温下烘干。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于桑蚕加工技术领域，具体涉及一种改善蚕丝性能的方法。
背景技术
蚕丝为纯天然纺织原材料，以其优良的品质和特性，被广泛应用于服装和工艺品加工领域。而传统方式对蚕丝后期加工，技术简单，蚕丝功能性单一，在被制成棉被和服装后，经历阳光暴晒、水洗、揉搓等环节，但在穿着、洗涤过程中存在易泛黄、不耐磨、难打理、染色牢度欠佳等弱点。
发明内容
本发明针对现有的问题：蚕丝处理方法，传统方式对蚕丝后期加工，技术简单，蚕丝功能性单一，通过蒸煮、烘干和杀菌等方式对蚕丝简单处理。蚕丝结构属性，经过初期处理后的蚕丝，容易发生降解作用，外部丝胶凝结度降低，丝素纤维中内存在大量微孔，微孔中容易吸附自由水、结合水等小分子，以及碳自由基，造成蚕丝和制成品品质持续裂化。蚕丝功能性方面，未经深度加工处理的蚕丝，抗氧化性、抗紫外以及除臭性能差。为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种改善蚕丝的方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种改善蚕丝性能的方法，水槽电离包括以下方面：
将电泳槽中加入总体积3/5的水，其中电泳槽可加载不同电压、电流和反向电压，向电泳槽水中加入水质量0.4%-0.6%的导电剂，待导电剂均匀溶于水后，将蚕丝完全浸入电泳槽水中，设置电泳参数为：第一阶段低压上升阶段，电泳槽加载电压20-24V，电流0.1-0.3A，加载时间0.5h；第二阶段高压阶段，电泳槽加载电压110-120V，电流1.2-1.5A，加载时间0.5h；第三阶段高低压稳定阶段，分为高压阶段和低压阶段，高压阶段，电压90-96V，电流1.0-1.2A，时间1h，低压阶段，电压42-48V，电流0.4-0.6A，时间1h；第四阶段高低压变化阶段，高压电压68-72V，电流0.6-0.9A，时间5min，低压电压30-36V，电流0.3-0.45A，时间5min，高低压交替循环8-10次；第五阶段低压下降阶段，电泳槽加载电压20-24V，电流0.1-0.3A，加载时间0.5h；电泳后蚕丝经过清洗、烘干后，进行功能剂浸泡。
所述改善蚕丝性能的方法，所述的导电剂，包括以下方面:
各配制成分质量计份为CaCl2 3-4份、MgCl2 1-2份、NaCl0.5-1份；导电剂与水的质量配比为1:1000。
所述改善蚕丝性能的方法，所述的功能剂浸泡方法为：
配制后的功能剂加入加热器容器中，蚕丝浸入其中，封闭开口，设置水浴温度为72℃-75℃，并通过出气孔从容器内抽取空气，使内部压强降至0.6-0.8Pa，加热时间2-3h。
所述改善蚕丝性能的方法，所述的功能剂，其配制成分质量计份为：
水200-300份、聚丙烯酰胺0.1-0.3份、乙醇5-6份、丙二醇脂肪酸酯0.2-0.3份、EDTA0.1-0.2份、纳米级ZnO 0.04-0.06份、纳米级TiO 0.03-0.04份。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：蚕丝加工方法方面，将蚕丝浸入含有导电剂水中，通过五个阶段加载不同电压、电流，水中电离子，高速运动的活性粒子流和材料表面发生能量交换,从而使材料表面获得改性，促进蚕丝表面活性激活和蛋白质结构变化，形成更加紧密结构，提高蚕丝交织阻力和抗皱性能。功能添加方面，将表面活性剂、抗氧化剂以及纳米级材料，均匀分散与水中，通过低压加热处理，使蚕丝表面和内部与功能性成分结合，提高蚕丝的功能性，而纳米级材料ZnO、TiO微颗粒，通过蚕丝内丝素微孔吸附，使蚕丝具有一定抗紫外照射和除臭性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（1）水槽电离：将电泳槽中加入总体积3/5的水，其中电泳槽可加载不同电压、电流和反向电压，向电泳槽水中加入水质量0.4%的导电剂，待导电剂均匀溶于水后，将蚕丝完全浸入电泳槽水中，设置电泳参数为：第一阶段低压上升阶段，电泳槽加载电压20V，电流0.2A，加载时间0.5h；第二阶段高压阶段，电泳槽加载电压110V，电流1.2A，加载时间0.5h；第三阶段高低压稳定阶段，分为高压阶段和低压阶段，高压阶段，电压90V，电流1.0A，时间1h，低压阶段，电压42V，电流0.4A，时间1h；第四阶段高低压变化阶段，高压电压68V，电流0.6A，时间5min，低压电压30V，电流0.3A，时间5min，高低压交替循环8次；第五阶段低压下降阶段，电泳槽加载电压20V，电流0.1A，加载时间0.5h；其中导电剂各成分配制质量计份为：CaCl2 3份、MgCl2 1份、NaCl0.5份；导电剂与水的质量配比为1:1000；
（2）清洗烘干：将经过电泳处理的蚕丝，浸入清水中浸泡30min，在低温烘干箱内烘干；
（3）功能剂浸泡：按照质量称取水240份、聚丙烯酰胺0.15份、乙醇5份、丙二醇脂肪酸酯0.2份、EDTA0.1份、纳米级ZnO 0.04份、纳米级TiO 0.03份，置于搅拌桶中，在130转/min的转速下搅拌均匀，制得功能剂；将功能剂加入加热器容器中，蚕丝浸入其中，封闭开口，设置水浴温度为73℃，并通过出气孔从容器内抽取空气，使内部压强降至0.6Pa，加热时间2h。
（4）清洗处理：向水中加入2%的清洗剂，对经过功能剂浸泡的蚕丝进行清洗，在低温下烘干。
实施例2：
本实施例2与实施例1比较，步骤变化在以下方面：
步骤（1）所述导电剂，各配制成分质量计份为：
CaCl2 3.6份、MgCl2 1.8份、NaCl0.8份。
步骤（1）所述水槽电离，其电泳参数设置为：
第一阶段低压上升阶段，电泳槽加载电压24V，电流0.3A，加载时间0.5h；第二高压阶段，加载电压120V，电流1.5A，加载时间0.5h；第三高低压稳定阶段，分为高压阶段和低压阶段，高压阶段，电压96V，电流1.2A，时间1h，低压阶段，电压48V，电流0.6A，时间1h；第四阶段高低压变化阶段，高压电压72V，电流0.9A，时间5min，低压电压36V，电流0.45A，时间5min，高低压交替循环9次；第五阶段低压下降阶段，加载电压24V，电流0.3A，加载时间0.5h。
步骤（3）所述的功能剂浸泡，其功能剂各配制成分质量计份为：
水280份、聚丙烯酰胺0.25份、乙醇6份、丙二醇脂肪酸酯0.3份、EDTA0.2份、纳米级ZnO0.06份、纳米级TiO 0.04份。其他步骤与实施例1相同。
对比1：
本对比1与实施例1比较，未进行步骤（1）中5个阶段电泳电离，其他步骤与实施例1相同。
对比2：
本对比2与实施例2比较，步骤（2）中电泳参数为：电压72V，电流0.9A，时间5h，其他步骤与实施例2相同。
对比3：
本对比3与实施例1比较，未进行步骤（3）中浸泡方法，其他步骤与实施例1相同。
对比4：
本对比4与实施例2比较，未进行步骤（3）中功能剂的配制及使用，其他步骤与实施例2相同。
对照组：
对照组采用传统方法，对蚕丝进行蒸煮、烘干和杀菌处理，未使用水槽电离、功能剂浸泡方法。
通过对实施例1、实施例2、对比1、对比2、对比3、对比4、对比5及对照组实验方案，测试蚕丝的断裂强度、断裂伸长率，以及蚕丝织成布匹后的耐洗性、紫外辐阻隔率；其中布匹为各实验方案蚕丝直接织成，无其他印染等工序。
实验数据：
| 项目 | 断裂强度CN/d.tex | 断裂伸长率% | 耐洗性 次 | 紫外辐阻隔率% |
| 实施例1 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 53 | 92.80% |
| 实施例2 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 56 | 93.40% |
| 对比1 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 45 | 82.10% |
| 对比2 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 48 | 88.70% |
| 对比3 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 49 | 85.20% |
| 对比4 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 46 | 75.40% |
| 对照组 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 28 | 54.30% |
综合结果：通过水槽电离方法，对蚕丝进行5个阶段不同电压和电流加载，可以提高断裂强度1.2CN/d.tex，断裂伸长率1.0%，耐洗性提高25%，紫外辐阻隔率提高10%；使用功能剂及浸泡方法，可提高蚕丝断裂强度和断裂伸长率，耐洗性相比对照组可提高50%,紫外辐阻隔率提高了25%。
Claims (4)
1.一种改善蚕丝性能的方法，其特征在于，水槽电离包括以下方面：
将电泳槽中加入总体积3/5的水，其中电泳槽可加载不同电压、电流和反向电压，向电泳槽水中加入水质量0.4%-0.6%的导电剂，待导电剂均匀溶于水后，将蚕丝完全浸入电泳槽水中，设置电泳参数为：第一阶段低压上升阶段，电泳槽加载电压20-24V，电流0.1-0.3A，加载时间0.5h；第二阶段高压阶段，电泳槽加载电压110-120V，电流1.2-1.5A，加载时间0.5h；第三阶段高低压稳定阶段，分为高压阶段和低压阶段，高压阶段，电压90-96V，电流1.0-1.2A，时间1h，低压阶段，电压42-48V，电流0.4-0.6A，时间1h；第四阶段高低压变化阶段，高压电压68-72V，电流0.6-0.9A，时间5min，低压电压30-36V，电流0.3-0.45A，时间5min，高低压交替循环8-10次；第五阶段低压下降阶段，电泳槽加载电压20-24V，电流0.1-0.3A，加载时间0.5h；电泳后蚕丝经过清洗、烘干后，进行功能剂浸泡。
2.如权利要求1所述改善蚕丝性能的方法，其特征在于，所述的导电剂，包括以下方面:
各配制成分质量计份为CaCl2 3-4份、MgCl2 1-2份、NaCl0.5-1份；导电剂与水的质量配比为1:1000。
3.如权利要求1所述改善蚕丝性能的方法，其特征在于，所述的功能剂浸泡方法为：
配制后的功能剂加入加热器容器中，蚕丝浸入其中，封闭开口，设置水浴温度为72℃-75℃，并通过出气孔从容器内抽取空气，使内部压强降至0.6-0.8Pa，加热时间2-3h。
4.如权利要求3所述改善蚕丝性能的方法，其特征在于，所述的功能剂，其配制成分质量计份为：
水200-300份、聚丙烯酰胺0.1-0.3份、乙醇5-6份、丙二醇脂肪酸酯0.2-0.3份、EDTA0.1-0.2份、纳米级ZnO 0.04-0.06份、纳米级TiO 0.03-0.04份。
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| CN114351458A (zh) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏欣鑫纺织科技有限公司 | 一种保健丝绸面料及其制备方法 |
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