CN107282015B - 一种沸石的复合改性方法及在水中去除磷酸根的应用 - Google Patents

一种沸石的复合改性方法及在水中去除磷酸根的应用 Download PDF

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CN107282015B
CN107282015B CN201710654301.XA CN201710654301A CN107282015B CN 107282015 B CN107282015 B CN 107282015B CN 201710654301 A CN201710654301 A CN 201710654301A CN 107282015 B CN107282015 B CN 107282015B
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邓慧
刘云
刘永民
候翰然
曹芸
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种沸石的复合改性方法及在水中去除磷酸根的应用。包括以下步骤:先将粉煤灰研磨一定时间后采用高温碱熔融法和水热法制备合成沸石,取适量合成沸石加入一定浓度的β‑环糊精溶液中震荡一定时间后蒸馏水洗涤过滤,离心分离,低温烘干得到β‑环糊精改性沸石。取适量β‑环糊精改性沸石加入一定浓度的硫酸锆溶液中震荡一定时间后蒸馏水洗涤过滤,离心分离,低温烘干得无机金属盐和有机物复合改性沸石。β‑环糊精增加了沸石表面的羟基数目,金属锆盐增加了沸石表面的正电荷,得到的复合改性沸石对水中的磷酸根具有良好的去除能力。

Description

一种沸石的复合改性方法及在水中去除磷酸根的应用
技术领域
本发明属于水处理领域,具体涉及一种沸石的复合改性方法及在水中去除磷酸根的应用。
背景技术
沸石是一种含水的碱金属或碱土金属铝硅酸矿物,天然沸石合成速度缓慢,开采受到沸石含量和选矿方法的限制,使得人工沸石合成非常迫切。天然沸石由于分子孔道中存在水分子和其他的一些杂质,交换容量太低;并且硅铝结构本身带负电荷,故天然沸石难以去除水中的阴离子污染物。因此有必要对沸石进行改性,以达到增大沸石比表面积、提高吸附性能的目的。表面改性是沸石改性方法中常用的一种,常用的沸石有机改性剂是季铵盐型的阳离子改性剂,其主要的作用机理是由于季铵盐阳离子进入沸石的层间,不但使有机沸石的层间距增大,而且改善了疏水性,从而增强了去除有机物的能力。环糊精是通过淀粉生物降解得到的由D-(+)-吡喃葡萄糖单元通过α-1,4-糖苷键连接而成的环状低聚糖,具有“内腔疏水, 外壁亲水”的特殊结构和性质。其中β-环糊精可以于水相中模拟酶的疏水口袋, 与一系列有机分子形成包结络合物, 广泛应用于环境污染物的吸附。此外,金属阳离子也可以作为沸石的改性试剂来增加沸石表面的正电荷分布,增大沸石的比表面积,增强沸石对阴离子的去除能力。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种利用无机金属盐和有机物对合成沸石复合改性的方法,改善了沸石对阴离子污染物的去除能力,该方法步骤简单、快速、高效,所获得的复合改性沸石材料对阴离子污染物磷酸根有快速高效的去除效果。
该复合改性沸石的制备包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将粉煤灰研磨后与碳酸钠混合后高温熔融,得到的混合物再用氢氧化钠水溶液进行水浴加热,最后得到的产物采用弱酸性的去离子水震荡一段时间,去除内部残留的碱性物质后,抽滤低温烘干,得到预处理后的沸石样品;
步骤2、取适量合成沸石加入β-环糊精溶液中震荡一定时间后,蒸馏水洗涤过滤,离心分离,低温烘干得到β-环糊精改性沸石;
步骤3、取适量β-环糊精改性沸石加入硫酸锆溶液中震荡一定时间后,蒸馏水洗涤过滤,离心分离,低温烘干得复合改性沸石。
所述的步骤1中,粉煤灰中的SiO2和Al2O3含量共占粉煤灰质量的81.92%。
所述的步骤1中,研磨后的粉煤灰与碳酸钠的质量比为5:4,高温熔融的温度为550-650℃,氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为1-3mol/L,水浴加热的温度为80-90℃,水浴加热的时间为8-15h弱酸性去离子水的pH值为6-6.5,震荡时间为6-7h,烘干温度45-60℃,烘干时间20-30h。
所述的步骤2中,β-环糊精溶液的浓度为0.001-0.025mol/L,震荡时间24-30h,烘干温度45-60℃,烘干时间20-30h。
所述的步骤2中,β-环糊精与合成沸石的质量比范围为1:1.15—1:20。
所述的步骤3中,β-环糊精改性沸石与硫酸锆的质量比范围为1:1—1:15。
所述的步骤3中,硫酸锆溶液的浓度为0.005-0.05mol/L,震荡时间24-30h,烘干温度45-60℃,烘干时间20-30h。
本发明的优点和特点:
本发明的特点是利用无机金属盐和有机试剂对合成沸石进行共同改性,有机试剂β-环糊精可以增加沸石表面的羟基官能团数目,无机金属锆盐可以增加沸石表面的正电荷数目,增强沸石对阴离子污染物磷酸根的吸附能力。
本发明利用以工业废弃物粉煤灰为原料合成人工沸石,利用β-环糊精和金属锆盐对沸石进行表面修饰,合成对阴离子污染物磷酸根具有良好去除能力的复合改性沸石。粉煤灰作为一种工业废弃物用作合成沸石的前驱体可以降低合成沸石的生产成本,提高粉煤灰的应用价值。
附图说明
图1a、1b分别为合成沸石(a)和复合改性沸石(b)的电镜扫描图片。
图2为实施例中的复合改性沸石对50ml初始浓度为50mg/L的磷酸根在不同震荡时间下的吸附效果图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
沸石的制备:用电子天平准确称取10g粉煤灰和8g无水碳酸钠,混合后在碾钵中研磨30分钟后置于坩埚中,用马弗炉550℃煅烧2h。混合物加入2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中80℃水浴加热10h,产物用清水洗涤至中性,用0.01mol/L的稀盐酸溶液震荡6h后用pH6.0去离子水反复洗涤后60℃低温烘干24h得到合成沸石样品。
取上述2g沸石先加入50ml 的0.002mol/Lβ-环糊精溶液中,空气浴振荡器震荡24h后清水洗涤,离心分离,置于表面皿中,恒温干燥箱50℃低温烘干20h制备β-环糊精有机物改性沸石;然后再取2gβ-环糊精有机物改性沸石50ml 的0.02mol/L四水合硫酸锆溶液中,空气浴振荡器震荡24h后清水洗涤,离心分离,置于表面皿中,恒温干燥箱60℃低温烘干20h得到复合改性沸石。
取0.1g复合改性沸石加入到50ml初始浓度为100mg/L的磷酸根溶液中震荡24小时后过滤分离,取上清液采用钼酸铵-氯化亚锡分光光度法测定溶液残余的磷酸根浓度,计算去除率为100%。
实施例2:
沸石的制备:用电子天平准确称取10g粉煤灰和8g无水碳酸钠,混合后在碾钵中研磨30分钟后置于坩埚中,用马弗炉600℃煅烧2h。混合物加入2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中80℃水浴加热10h,产物用清水洗涤至中性,用0.01mol/L的稀盐酸溶液震荡6h后用pH6.5去离子水反复洗涤后50℃低温烘干24h得到合成沸石样品。
取上述2g沸石先加入50ml 的0.01mol/Lβ-环糊精溶液中,空气浴振荡器震荡24h后清水洗涤,离心分离,置于表面皿中,恒温干燥箱50℃低温烘干20h制备β-环糊精有机物改性沸石;然后再取2gβ-环糊精有机物改性沸石50ml 的0.02mol/L四水合硫酸锆溶液中,空气浴振荡器震荡24h后清水洗涤,离心分离,置于表面皿中,恒温干燥箱50℃低温烘干24h得到复合改性沸石。
取0.1g复合改性沸石加入到50ml初始浓度为100mg/L的磷酸根溶液中震荡24小时后过滤分离,取上清液采用钼酸铵-氯化亚锡分光光度法测定溶液残余的磷酸根浓度,计算去除率为100%。
实施例3:
沸石的制备:用电子天平准确称取10g粉煤灰和8g无水碳酸钠,混合后在碾钵中研磨30分钟后置于坩埚中,用马弗炉550℃煅烧2h。混合物加入2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中85℃水浴加热12h,产物用清水洗涤至中性,用0.01mol/L的稀盐酸溶液震荡6h后用pH6.0去离子水反复洗涤后45℃低温烘干28h得到合成沸石样品。
取上述2g沸石先加入50ml 的0.015mol/Lβ-环糊精溶液中,空气浴振荡器震荡24h后清水洗涤,离心分离,置于表面皿中,恒温干燥箱45℃低温烘干22h制备β-环糊精有机物改性沸石;然后再取2gβ-环糊精有机物改性沸石50ml 的0.05mol /L四水合硫酸锆溶液中,空气浴振荡器震荡24h后清水洗涤,离心分离,置于表面皿中,恒温干燥箱50℃低温烘干24h得到复合改性沸石。
取0.1g复合改性沸石加入到50ml初始浓度为200mg/L的磷酸根溶液中震荡24小时后过滤分离,取上清液采用钼酸铵-氯化亚锡分光光度法测定溶液残余的磷酸根浓度,计算去除率为100%。
实施例4:
沸石的制备:用电子天平准确称取10g粉煤灰和8g无水碳酸钠,混合后在碾钵中研磨30分钟后置于坩埚中,用马弗炉600℃煅烧2h。混合物加入2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中85℃水浴加热8h,产物用清水洗涤至中性,用0.01mol/L的稀盐酸溶液震荡6h后用pH6.0去离子水反复洗涤后50℃低温烘干24h得到合成沸石样品。
取上述2g沸石先加入50ml 的0.025mol/Lβ-环糊精溶液中,空气浴振荡器震荡24h后清水洗涤,离心分离,置于表面皿中,恒温干燥箱50℃低温烘干22h制备β-环糊精有机物改性沸石;然后再取2gβ-环糊精有机物改性沸石50ml 的0.05mol /L四水合硫酸锆溶液中,空气浴振荡器震荡24h后清水洗涤,离心分离,置于表面皿中,恒温干燥箱60℃低温烘干20h得到复合改性沸石。
取0.1g复合改性沸石加入到50ml初始浓度为300mg/L的磷酸根溶液中震荡24小时后过滤分离,取上清液采用钼酸铵-氯化亚锡分光光度法测定溶液残余的磷酸根浓度,计算去除率为100%。
实施例5:
取一系列0.1g实施例1中的复合改性沸石加入到50ml初始浓度为100mg/L的磷酸根溶液中,震荡不同时间后离心过滤取上清液采用分光光度法测定溶液残余的磷酸根浓度,计算其去除率,如图2所示。

Claims (2)

1.一种沸石的复合改性方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将粉煤灰研磨后与碳酸钠混合后高温熔融,得到的混合物再用氢氧化钠水溶液进行水浴加热,最后得到的产物采用弱酸性的去离子水震荡一段时间,去除内部残留的碱性物质后,抽滤低温烘干,得到预处理后的沸石样品;
步骤2、取适量合成沸石加入β-环糊精溶液中震荡一定时间后,蒸馏水洗涤过滤,离心分离,低温烘干得到β-环糊精改性沸石;
步骤3、取适量β-环糊精改性沸石加入硫酸锆溶液中震荡一定时间后,蒸馏水洗涤过滤,离心分离,低温烘干得复合改性沸石;
所述的步骤1中,粉煤灰中的SiO2和Al2O3含量共占粉煤灰质量的81.92%;
所述的步骤1中,研磨后的粉煤灰与碳酸钠的质量比为5:4,高温熔融的温度为550-650℃,氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度为1-3mol/L,水浴加热的温度为80-90℃,水浴加热的时间为8-15h,弱酸性去离子水的pH值为6-6.5,震荡时间为6-7h,烘干温度45-60℃,烘干时间20-30h;
所述的步骤2中,β-环糊精溶液的浓度为0.001-0.025mol/L,震荡时间24-30h,烘干温度45-60℃,烘干时间20-30h;
所述的步骤2中,β-环糊精与合成沸石的质量比范围为1:1.15—1:20;
所述的步骤3中,β-环糊精改性沸石与硫酸锆的质量比范围为1:1—1:15;
所述的步骤3中,硫酸锆溶液的浓度为0.005-0.05mol/L,震荡时间24-30h,烘干温度45-60℃,烘干时间20-30h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸石的复合改性方法所制得的改性沸石在水中去除磷酸根的应用。
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