CN107279983A - 楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107279983A CN107279983A CN201710582291.3A CN201710582291A CN107279983A CN 107279983 A CN107279983 A CN 107279983A CN 201710582291 A CN201710582291 A CN 201710582291A CN 107279983 A CN107279983 A CN 107279983A
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- Prior art keywords
- cordyceps sinensis
- leaf
- vent
- broussonetia papyrifera
- wheat bran
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将楮树叶、虫草粉碎后,按比例与麸皮混合,加入适量溶解有辅料的水,接种混合菌液,拌匀后进行保温发酵培养;4‑6天后按比例加入适量的水,保温水解6‑12h,再加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量3倍的水,循环热回流提取2h,粗滤,残渣加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量6倍量的水,循环热回流提取1.5h,粗滤,合并滤液,浓缩后转入反应釜中,进行澄清处理,静置2h以上,滤除细小颗粒,纳滤除盐,得滤液;转入配料罐中,按比例加入菊粉、蜂蜜和柠檬酸混合物,充分溶解后,喷雾干燥,即得。本发明经过合理的配伍,将楮树叶、虫草和菊粉各自的特有功效在产品中充分体现。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品、保健品领域,具体涉及一种楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法。
背景技术
功能饮料,就是在饮料中加入一定的功能因子,使其在解渴的同时具有调节机体功能、增强免疫力等保健作用的软饮料。功能饮料是当今国内外食品工业新的增长点。鉴于近年消费者对食品安全的关注,因而从天然物中提取,特别是从通常食用的植物中提取功能性食品添加剂和配料成为国内外开发的热点。在西方国家,由于不合理的饮食结构,脂肪和蛋白质摄入过多,超体重者和高血脂、高血压患者比较普遍,所以欧美一直十分强调低热量、低脂肪食品和添加剂的开发。以糖醇类食糖替代物生产无蔗糖甜食品,用菊粉等产品的代脂肪食品等,在国际上均占有领先地位。在亚洲国家,有药食同源的传统,注重保健、功能食品、饮料的开发。功能性食品添加剂,特别是一些天然提取物的明显功效,得到国际的公认。因此大量保健功能食品,以食物补充剂的方式进入国际市场。
蛹虫草已被国家批准为新资源植物,其所含的虫草素、虫草多糖具有独特的药理及保健功效:虫草素具有抗病毒、抑菌、明显抑制肿瘤生长,与环磷酰胺有明显的协同作用,并有降血糖的作用;虫草多糖具有提高机体免疫能力,延缓衰老,抚正固本,增强机体自身抗癌、抑癌的能力。虫草酸具有抗自由基、抗氧化的作用,具有预防和治疗脑血栓、脑溢血、肾功能衰竭、利尿等作用。超氧化物歧化酶具有抑制和消除超氧自由基,抗癌,防衰,美容,减毒作用。蛹虫草是一种具有滋补作用的中药和营养品正受到人们的广泛关注,已有大量药品、保健食品上市,造福人类。
构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)属桑科桑亚科构树属,又名褚树、鹿仔树。分布于亚洲东部及太平洋岛屿;中国主要分布于黄河流域以南地区。楮树具有广泛的经济及药用用途,其中楮树的成熟果实为常见的传统中药,中医认为楮树果有补肾、清肝明目、利尿等功效,历版中国药典均有收载。
楮树聚花果及果实原汁含有丰富的营养物质,如氨基酸、糖类、矿物元素以及其他有利于人体健康的生物活性物质,具有抗氧化、美容、健身、缓解疲劳、提高人体免疫力等功能,是开发保健食品的好原料。楮树黄酮能有效清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子,表明其具有潜在的抗细胞氧化损伤和细胞衰老及相关疾病的功能;楮树a葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂具有较强的抑制a葡萄糖苷酶的作用,可治疗糖尿病、肥胖症以及病毒性感冒;楮树酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂具有抑制酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素生成的能力;楮树果红色素水溶性极好,具有良好的热稳定性;色素在中性及酸性环境中较为稳定,并呈现悦目的桔红色;自然散射光条件下色素稳定性较好;楮树果色素对绝大多数金属离子都是稳定的;对常用的食品添加剂如葡萄糖和柠檬酸相对稳定,山梨酸有护色作用,表明构树果红色素稳定性良好,是优良的天然色素资源。
菊粉又称菊糖(inulin),是由果糖经β(1-2)键连结而成的线性直链多糖,菊粉作为水溶性膳食纤维已被世界上40多个国家批准为食品的营养增补剂,它在食品饮料中可以与脂肪和巧克力的替代品,可以增加粘性,提高食品的水结合力;另外,菊粉所特有的膳食纤维,使加入菊粉后的牛奶、酸奶、乳品饮料等低脂食品具有与全脂产品相同的口感,并能提供更高的营养和更佳的口味,因而广泛应用于食品工业中,目前,含菊粉的食品已成为海外市场风靡的保健产品。由于菊粉的亲水性,菊粉食品能给人的胃带来饱涨感,是很好的减肥食品。菊粉是双歧因子,对控制体重,改善肠道功能,促进钙的吸收都很有好处。菊粉还具有一种特殊功效—对血糖具有双向调节作用,即一方面可使糖尿病患者血糖降低,另一方面又能使低血糖病人血糖升高。因此,无论是高血糖还是低血糖,都能用菊粉进行治疗。
现有的存在包含楮树、虫草、菊粉中的一种或多种原料的功能饮料,大多仅体现出原植物本身单一的功效,没有很好的将原料的功能进行协同增效。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取楮树叶110-120kg、虫草9-10kg粉碎后,过10目筛,置于发酵-酶解-提取一体池中,加入12-13kg麸皮,搅拌均匀,得混合物;
S2、按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量55-65%加入溶解有辅料的水(按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量加入3%(NH4)2SO4,1%KH2PO4,0.5%MgSO4·7H2O),搅拌均匀,按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量的10-12%接种混合菌液,用拌料机拌匀,压实、覆盖,25-35℃保温发酵培养,期间用翻料机进行适当翻料,4-6天后加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量5倍的水,于35-45℃保温水解6-12h(纤维素酶将楮树叶、虫草细胞壁纤维水解,使其楮树叶、虫草中楮树黄酮、a-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的成分、酪氨酸酶抑制活性的成分,虫草素、腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷等核苷类物质等浸出,使其提取液活性成分得以发挥;蛋白酶将楮树叶、虫草中所含有的、对人体有用但又不利于吸收的大量蛋白质转化为有利于人体吸收的小分子蛋白肽;淀粉酶将楮树叶、虫草中大分子淀粉水解,即除去了提取液中严重影响产品溶解性的淀粉,又使其转化为便于吸收利用的单糖,以及具有保健功效的可溶性低聚糖),期间酶解液进行循环以便于酶解的均匀,之后再加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量3倍的水,85-95℃循环热回流提取2h(热回流提取有利于楮树黄酮、a-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的成分、酪氨酸酶抑制活性的成分、虫草素、腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷等核苷类物质和蛋白肽、大量维生素、矿物质和微量元素等的浸出,同时高温使液体中各种酶灭活),粗滤,残渣再加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量6倍量的水,于85-95℃循环热回流提取1.5h,粗滤,合并滤液,滤液于外循环浓缩器中减压浓缩至料液比1:4-5,得浓缩液;
S3、将所得的浓缩液转入2m3不锈钢反应釜中,加浓缩液量3-4%(v/v)的质量百分比为1%的壳聚糖溶液,搅拌10min后,进行澄清处理,静置2h以上,板框过滤除去细小颗粒,纳滤除盐,得滤液;
S4、将所得滤液转入配料罐中,加入20kg菊粉、50kg蜂蜜,0.05kg柠檬酸混合物,充分溶解后,喷雾干燥,得细小颗粒,即为楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉。
其中,所述混合菌液通过以下步骤制备所得:
将黑曲霉、木霉、酵母菌按质量比1∶2∶1的比例接种于液体培养基中,动态搅拌培养3-4天,即得混合菌液。
其中,所述柠檬酸混合物由柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸按质量比1.5:1.5:1混合所得。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
一、本发明根据楮树叶、虫草和菊粉各自所特有的功效,经过合理有机配伍,将其各自的特有功效在产品中充分体现。
二、利用经科学筛选的混合菌,经单因素、正交实验确定的发酵工艺,利用楮树叶、虫草中原有的营养成分经混合菌发酵生产出更多蛋白质等营养成分,大大提高了楮树叶、虫草中蛋白质含量。
三、利用混合菌对楮树叶、虫草经过发酵培养产生的蛋白酶将楮树叶、虫草中所含有的、对人体有用但又不利于吸收的大量蛋白质转化为有利于人体吸收的小分子蛋白肽,这些小分子肽具有良好的溶解性、乳化性和生物活性(生理活性、运输生理活性、载体生理活性,动力生理活性和递质生理活性等),改善蛋白质的功能特性,增强楮树叶、虫草所有功能元素(楮树黄酮、a-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的成分、酪氨酸酶抑制活性的成分,虫草素、腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷等核苷类物质和大量维生素、矿物质和微量元素等)的功效,使其在普通食品、功能性食品以及美容化妆品中得到更广泛的应用。
四、利用混合菌对楮树叶、虫草经过发酵培养产生的淀粉酶将楮树叶、虫草中大分子淀粉水解,即除去了提取液中严重影响产品溶解性的淀粉,又使其转化为便于吸收利用的单糖,以及具有保健功效的可溶性低聚糖;将β-聚糖水解使其链状结构切断破坏,分解成次聚糖及低聚糖,增大水溶性,提高了楮树、虫草的营养保健功能。
五、利用混合菌对楮树叶、虫草经过发酵培养产生的纤维素酶将楮树叶、虫草细胞壁纤维水解,使其楮树叶、虫草中楮树黄酮、a-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的成分、酪氨酸酶抑制活性的成分,虫草素、腺苷、腺嘌呤、尿苷等核苷类物质等浸出,使其提取液活性成分得以发挥。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
以下实施例中,所使用的混合菌液通过以下步骤制备所得:
将黑曲霉、木霉、酵母菌按质量比1∶2∶1的比例接种于液体培养基中,动态搅拌培养3-4天,即得混合菌液。
所使用的柠檬酸混合物由柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸按质量比1.5:1.5:1混合所得。
实施例1
称取楮树叶110.0kg、虫草9.0kg粉碎过10目筛,12.0kg麸皮,放入发酵-酶解-提取一体池中,用拌料机拌匀,在按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量55%加入溶解有辅料的水(按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量加入3%(NH4)2SO4,1%KH2PO4,0.5%MgSO4·7H2O),用拌料机拌匀,接入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量10%的混合菌液后,用拌料机拌匀,压实、覆盖,25℃保温发酵培养,期间用翻料机进行适当翻料,6天后加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量5倍的水,于35℃保温水解6h,期间酶解液进行循环以便于酶解的均匀,之后再加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量3倍的水,85℃循环热回流提取2h,粗滤,残渣在加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量6倍量的水,于85℃循环热回流提取1.5h,粗滤,合并滤液,滤液于外循环浓缩器中减压浓缩至料液比1:4.0,然后将浓缩液转入2m3不锈钢反应釜中,加浓缩液量3.0%(v/v)的1%壳聚糖溶液搅拌10min,进行澄清处理,静置2h以上,板框过滤除去细小颗粒,纳滤除盐,将滤液转入配料罐中,在加入20.0kg菊粉、50.0kg蜂蜜,0.05kg柠檬酸混合物,充分溶解,经喷雾干燥器喷雾干燥制成细小颗粒即为楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉,约49.82kg。
实施例2
称取楮树叶115.0kg、虫草9.5kg粉碎过10目筛,12.5kg麸皮,放入发酵-酶解-提取一体池中,用拌料机拌匀,在按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量60%加入溶解有辅料的水(按原料量加入3%(NH4)2SO4,1%KH2PO4,0.5%MgSO4·7H2O),用拌料机拌匀,接入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量11%的混合菌液后,用拌料机拌匀,压实、覆盖,30℃保温发酵培养,期间用翻料机进行适当翻料,5天后加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量5倍的水,于40℃保温水解9h,期间酶解液进行循环以便于酶解的均匀,之后再加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量3倍的水,90℃循环热回流提取2h,粗滤,残渣在加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量6倍量的水,于90℃循环热回流提取1.5h,粗滤,合并滤液,滤液于外循环浓缩器中减压浓缩至料液比1:4.5,然后将浓缩液转入2m3不锈钢反应釜中,加浓缩液量3.5%(v/v)的1%壳聚糖溶液搅拌10min,进行澄清处理,静置2h以上,板框过滤除去细小颗粒,纳滤除盐,将滤液转入配料罐中,在加入20.0kg菊粉、50.0kg蜂蜜,0.05kg柠檬酸混合物,充分溶解,经喷雾干燥器喷雾干燥制成细小颗粒即为楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉,约50.65kg。
实施例3
称取楮树叶120.0kg、虫草10.0kg粉碎过10目筛,13.0kg麸皮,放入发酵-酶解-提取一体池中,用拌料机拌匀,在按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量65%加入溶解有辅料的水(按原料量加入3%(NH4)2SO4,1%KH2PO4,0.5%MgSO4·7H2O),用拌料机拌匀,接入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量12%的混合菌液后,用拌料机拌匀,压实、覆盖,35℃保温发酵培养,期间用翻料机进行适当翻料,4天后加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量5倍的水,于45℃保温水解12h,期间酶解液进行循环以便于酶解的均匀,之后再加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量3倍的水,95℃循环热回流提取2h,粗滤,残渣在加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量6倍量的水,于95℃循环热回流提取1.5h,粗滤,合并滤液,滤液于外循环浓缩器中减压浓缩至料液比1:5.0,然后将浓缩液转入2m3不锈钢反应釜中,加浓缩液量4.0%(v/v)的1%壳聚糖溶液搅拌10min,进行澄清处理,静置2h以上,板框过滤除去细小颗粒,纳滤除盐,将滤液转入配料罐中,在加入20.0kg菊粉、50.0kg蜂蜜,0.05kg柠檬酸混合物,充分溶解,经喷雾干燥器喷雾干燥制成细小颗粒即为楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉,约51.86kg。
本具体实施是以楮树叶、虫草为原料,利用经科学筛选的混合菌,经单因素、正交实验确定的发酵工艺,利用楮树叶、虫草中原有的营养成分经混合菌发酵生产出更多蛋白质等营养成分,大大提高了楮树叶、虫草中蛋白质含量。利用混合菌对构树叶、虫草经过发酵培养产生的蛋白酶将楮树叶、虫草中所含有的、对人体有用但又不利于吸收的大量蛋白质转化为有利于人体吸收的小分子蛋白肽。使其楮树叶、虫草功能放大了10倍以上,而且做成蛋白肽后,肽的生理活性、运输生理活性、载体生理活性,动力生理活性和递质生理活性等可促使人体对楮树、虫草叶所有功能元素的吸收。楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉中楮树黄酮能有效清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子,表明其具有潜在的抗细胞氧化损伤和细胞衰老及相关疾病的功能,楮树a葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂具有较强的抑制a葡萄糖苷酶的作用,可治疗糖尿病、肥胖症以及病毒性感冒,楮树酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂具有抑制酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素生成的能力;虫草素具有抗病毒、抑菌、明显抑制肿瘤生长,并有降血糖的作用,虫草多糖具有提高机体免疫力,延缓衰老,抚正固本,增强机体自身抗癌、抑癌的能力,虫草酸具有抗自由基、抗氧化的作用,具有预防和治疗脑血栓、脑溢血、肾功能衰竭、利尿等作用,虫草SOD具有抑制和消除超氧自由基,抗癌,防衰,美容,减毒作用。菊粉其对血糖双向调节作用的特殊功效对高血糖还是低血糖都有预防和治疗的作用;菊粉的双歧因子对控制体重、改善肠道功能、促进钙的吸收都很有好处。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取楮树叶110-120kg、虫草9-10kg粉碎后,过10目筛,置于发酵-酶解-提取一体池中,加入12-13kg麸皮,搅拌均匀,得混合物;
S2、按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量的55-65%加入溶解有辅料的水,搅拌均匀后,按楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量的10-12%接种混合菌液,用拌料机拌匀,压实、覆盖,25-35℃保温发酵培养,期间用翻料机进行适当翻料,4-6天后加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量5倍的水,于35-45℃保温水解6-12h,期间酶解液进行循环以便于酶解的均匀,之后再加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量3倍的水,85-95℃循环热回流提取2h,粗滤,残渣再加入楮树叶、虫草和麸皮质量6倍量的水,于85-95℃循环热回流提取1.5h,粗滤,合并滤液,滤液于外循环浓缩器中减压浓缩至料液比1:4-5,得浓缩液;
S3、将所得的浓缩液转入2m3不锈钢反应釜中,加浓缩液量3-4%(v/v)的质量百分比为1%的壳聚糖溶液,搅拌10min后,进行澄清处理,静置2h以上,板框过滤除去细小颗粒,纳滤除盐,得滤液;
S4、将所得滤液转入配料罐中,加入20kg菊粉、50kg蜂蜜,0.05kg柠檬酸混合物,充分溶解后,喷雾干燥,得细小颗粒,即为楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉。
2.如权利要求1所述的楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述混合菌液通过以下步骤制备所得:
将黑曲霉、木霉、酵母菌按质量比1∶2∶1的比例接种于液体培养基中,动态搅拌培养3-4天,即得混合菌液。
3.如权利要求1所述的楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述柠檬酸混合物由柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸按质量比1.5:1.5:1混合所得。
4.如权利要求1所述的楮树虫草蛋白肽营养粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有辅料的水的辅料包括楮树叶、虫草和麸皮的质量的3%的(NH4)2SO4,楮树叶、虫草和麸皮的质量的1%的KH2PO4,楮树叶、虫草和麸皮的质量的0.5%的MgSO4·7H2O。
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CN107594528A (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-19 | 贵州国农葛业有限公司 | 一种虫草葛根肽醒酒护肝营养粉及其制备方法 |
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CN107594528A (zh) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-19 | 贵州国农葛业有限公司 | 一种虫草葛根肽醒酒护肝营养粉及其制备方法 |
CN113768143A (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-12-10 | 商洛学院 | 一种杜仲肽全营养粉及其制备方法 |
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