CN107278878A - A kind of quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties - Google Patents
A kind of quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties Download PDFInfo
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- CN107278878A CN107278878A CN201710613186.1A CN201710613186A CN107278878A CN 107278878 A CN107278878 A CN 107278878A CN 201710613186 A CN201710613186 A CN 201710613186A CN 107278878 A CN107278878 A CN 107278878A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties, including the selection and hybridization of parent, first time south numerous added-generation, the species test of Hunan cotton region, second of south numerous added-generation these step.The present invention accelerates breeding process, from the incubation for hybridizing to new lines, and the seed selection time foreshortened to for 3 years, the Juvenile stage time faster, more there is purpose；Utilize the F of No. 3 separation of the miscellaneous cotton in another name for Sichuan Province2The disease-resistant strain of infertility（The more excellent individual plant of the bell bigger than normal, quality of weight）With disease resistance is poor, ginning outturn is low, bell is small Hunan short 2 as male parent, disease resistance is selected preferably, and the short season cotton new varieties of pest-resistant, high yield, high-quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cotton variety selection, and in particular to a kind of quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties, category
In cotton breeding technical field.
Background technology
Since 21 century, due to rural area, young and middle-aged migrant worker increases, rural laborer's wretched insufficiency, and normal
Rule hybrid cotton plantation belongs to intensive cultivation pattern, and for the crops such as paddy rice, wheat, mechanization degree is very low, the amount of labour used
Greatly, labor cost is high, and plant cotton output is relatively low, and it is not high that cotton grower plants cotton enthusiasm；In addition, China has a large population and a few land, grain and cotton strives ground lance
Shield is gradually protruded.Therefore seek grain, cotton, oil and increase production new approach, the structure of agricultural production is adjusted, to raise the multiple-cropping index, Hunan cotton is caught
The direction of flower industry development seems and is extremely necessary.
Short season cotton is a kind of breeding time relatively short Upland Cotton type, and the breeding time of current short season cotton kind can be short
To in 105 days, and short season cotton because of high yield, high-quality, blow-of-cottons can be concentrated, can be realized in Hunan 1-2 times concentrate receive flower, or even
Realize that machinery receives flower, labor intensity can be reduced, improve operating efficiency, realize the double receipts of cotton oil, be particularly suitable for Hunan cotton oil two ripe
Cropping system.
But by the incubation of conventional hybridization transformation a to new lines, or so 8 generations are generally required, by sunlight-heat reaources condition
Limitation, a season can only be planted within 1 year in Hunan, thus one strain of seed selection generally requires 8 years or so time, and if utilizing multiple
Close hybridization, the more complicated breeding method such as backcross transformation, it is necessary to time it is longer.Also there is breeding people to find southwards all the way, finally look for
The Sanya of Hainan Island southernmost end is arrived, Sanya is located between 15-18 ° of north latitude, May October to next year is dry season, photo-thermal bar
Part can be planted a season again, here it is south numerous added-generation, this breeding mode can make breeding cycle shorten half, but one product of seed selection
System is also required to 4 years or so.If without required breeding parent, identification, the transformation transformation of parent material are also required to 2-4's
Time, the ageing of improved variety can also be substantially reduced.If a kind of therefore hybridization of multiple target character needed for quick screening can be found
Parent, quick plus for, simple possible, can further shorten the breeding method of breeding process will produce important meaning to this area.
The content of the invention
The deficiency existed for above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of quick choosing of short season cotton new varieties
Method is educated, from the incubation for hybridizing to new lines, the seed selection time foreshortened to for 3 years, and the Juvenile stage time faster, more has
Purpose, greatly accelerates short season cotton breeding process by this method.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：The quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties, including
Following steps：
（1）The selection and hybridization of parent：Wherein maternal selection is to introduce the tool except the other Yangtze river basin cotton regions of Hunan outside the province
There are the hybrid cotton varieties of objective trait, in the plantation of Hunan cotton region, to its F1In generation, carries out annidation identification, is seen by crop field
Examine and species test, selection yielding ability is good and has the kind of objective trait, then from the F of selected kind2Optimum selecting possesses master in generation
The individual plant of objective trait is wanted as female parent；Male parent is the typical individual plant conduct in the short season cotton kind or strain for select Hunan cotton region
Male parent；Then hybridize, observed before blow-of-cottons and quality is estimated after bell weight, blow-of-cottons, preferably strain is mixed receives, and must hybridize F1Seed；
（2）First time south numerous added-generation：In Sanya to cenospecies F1Carry out plus generation, i.e. F1Planted in Sanya, it is mixed to receive to obtain F2Kind
Son, then by F2In Sanya plantation, mix and receive to obtain F3Seed；
（3）The species test of Hunan cotton region：F is planted in Hunan cotton region3, receipts knot bell is strong, the individual plant of better resistance, obtains F4Seed, through species test
And fiber check and measure, ginning outturn and fiber quality all reach breeding objective, and carrying out emphasis to it adds generation；
（4）Second of south numerous added-generation：Cenospecies F3Middle knot bell is strong, the individual plant of better resistance in Sanya south numerous added-generation, i.e., in Sanya
Plant F4, receive individual plant and obtain F5Seed, then plant F in Sanya5Plant, observes screening advantage plant, and advantage plant is received after an individual plant
Plant is mixed to be received, and obtains F6Seed；
（5）Hunan cotton region F6Single-strain seed carries out plant comparative test, F6Mixed plant seed of receiving carries out major clique comparative test：In lake
The southern live F in cotton region6, then enter every trade when major clique comparative test, according to plant and major clique comparative test result, screening obtains this
The short season cotton new lines of invention.
Above-mentioned steps（1）In Hunan cotton region plant concrete operations be：In sowing mid-April of Hunan cotton region, sow close
1600-2000 plants/acre of degree, by Hunan cotton region conventional hybridization cotton cultivation management method management.
Above-mentioned steps（3）, step（5）In Hunan cotton region plant concrete operations be：In Hunan cotton region, May 15 is straight
Broadcast, thickness of sowing is not less than 4000 plants/acre, and on July 15 or so started to pinch, and 8-10 disk fruit branches was stayed, more than the 4th disk fruit branch
Cotton boll carries out species test and fiber check and measure, picks out the short season cotton seed of superior strain.
Above-mentioned steps（2）, step（4）Concrete operations during middle south numerous added-generation are：
The numerous first generation in south：By the short season cotton seed of Hunan superior strain, cave is utilized on the Nan Fan bases of Sanya within 10 days or so in September
Disk is sowed, and bore is not less than 5 centimetres, highly not less than 5 centimetres in cavities；Such as typhoon, rainwater after hole tray insemination and emergence, by cave
Disk is removed to interior, and fine day is just in outdoor hardening, and early October transplants, and has several days seedling-slowing stages after transplanting, cotton seedling degree of lignification compared with
Height, anti-typhoon capacity is stronger, and cotton seedling is needed to pinch ahead of time, can only stay 3-4 disk fruit branches, and blow-of-cottons are harvested before and after next year January 1
Cotton boll, carries out necessary species test；
The numerous second generation in south：By the seed of southern numerous first generation harvest before and after next year January 10 it is live in Sanya, thickness of sowing is not
Less than 4000 plants/acre, early pinch, stay 3-4 disks fruit branch, it is necessary to build simple plastic greenhouse, reached in the mid or late March highest temperature
At 30 DEG C, greenhouse two is opened wide or greenhouse is removed to, 1 meter of greenhouse both sides lower open in late April before and after May 10
Blow-of-cottons cotton boll is harvested, necessary species test is carried out.
Particularly point out, " next year " referred to across year in text, because being that a south is numerous from First Year September to Second Year May
Cycle.
The F that the above-mentioned newest authorization of female parent selection and the miscellaneous cotton in kind another name for Sichuan Province No. 3 with male parent affiliation farther out separate2It is excellent anti-
Sick sterile plant, male parent also selects the high-quality fruit spur strain Hunan short -2 of newest incubation.Reason is that a kind is measured from combination, than
Relatively test, ecology test is authorized to by regional testing, the 4-5 years are needed at the soonest, and tests it by multiple years
All very clearly, we select to only need to according to authorization during individual plant hybrid strain the characteristic indexs such as yielding ability, yield stability and resistance
Description preliminary screening on bulletin goes out the kind with objective trait required for us, and hybrid strain, used time are screened compared to oneself
It is short and with local parent relationship farther out.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that possesses of the present invention is：Breeding process is accelerated, from hybridizing to new lines
Be bred as, the seed selection time foreshortened to for 3 years, the Juvenile stage time faster, more there is purpose；Utilize No. 3 separation of the miscellaneous cotton in another name for Sichuan Province
F2The disease-resistant strain of infertility（The more excellent individual plant of the bell bigger than normal, quality of weight）Father is used as with disease resistance is poor, ginning outturn is low, bell is small Hunan short -2
This, selects disease resistance preferably, and the short season cotton new varieties of pest-resistant, high yield, high-quality.
Embodiment
In conjunction with specific embodiment, next the present invention is described in further detail.Obviously, it is impossible to therefore limit the present invention
System is among described scope of embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making wound
The every other embodiment that the property made is obtained on the premise of working, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.In following embodiments
The experimental method of unreceipted actual conditions, conventionally and condition, or is selected according to catalogue.
The quick breeding method of the short season cotton new varieties of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
（1）The selection and hybridization of parent：Wherein maternal selection is first to introduce to remove the other Yangtze river basin cotton regions of Hunan outside the province
With objective trait（The character of i.e. transformed male parent shortcoming, such as disease resistance, ginning outturn and bell weight）Newest authorization and and male parent
The multiple kinds of affiliation farther out, in the plantation of Hunan cotton region, to its F1In generation, carries out annidation identification, is observed by crop field
And species test, selection yielding ability is good and has the kind of objective trait, then by the F of the kind2In sick nursery plantation, its separation is utilized
The good sterile individual plant of disease resistance is used as female parent；Male parent is the short season cotton kind for selecting Hunan cotton region（Strain）In typical individual plant make
For male parent；Individual plant hybridization is carried out, Single boll weight and fiber quality are estimated during sowing, optimum selecting individual plant is mixed to receive cenospecies, must hybridize
F1Seed；（Need do to hybridize in operation more：Because some characters can not be determined when doing and hybridizing, for example using maternal 20 plants
Disease-resistant sterile plant hybridization, but find have 5 plants of hybridization bells less than normal when receiving flower to the later stage, inferior quality is observed after 5 plants of blow-of-cottons, with educating
Plant target inconsistent, remaining 10 plants of bells weight and quality are only received when receiving flower with reference to preferable cotton plant）
（2）First time south numerous added-generation：In Sanya to cenospecies F1Carry out plus generation, i.e. F1Planted in Sanya, it is mixed to receive to obtain F2Kind
Son, then by F2In Sanya plantation, mix and receive to obtain F3Seed；
（3）The species test of Hunan cotton region：In Hunan cotton region plantation cenospecies F3, receive that knot bell is strong, the fruit spur individual plant of better resistance（This
Application parent sire of hybrid pigs used is fruit spur, and precocious individual plant is selected if male parent is normal fruit branch short season cotton）, obtain F4Seed, through examining
Plant and fiber check and measure, ginning outturn and fiber quality all reach breeding objective, carrying out emphasis to fruit spur individual plant adds generation；
（4）Second of south numerous added-generation：Cenospecies F3Middle knot bell is strong, better resistance fruit spur individual plant in Sanya south numerous added-generation, i.e.,
F is planted in Sanya4, receive individual plant and obtain F5Seed, then plant F in Sanya5Plant, observes screening advantage plant, and advantage plant receives one
Plant is mixed after individual plant receives, and obtains F6Seed；（Plant is technical term, and expression selects excellent individual in variation group, receives respectively
Obtain, preserve, next year plants into plant；Strain is exactly a group individual of offspring's formation of an individual plant, is by Pedigree selection method
A consistent system of character in the colony formed after selection）.
（5）Hunan cotton region F6Single-strain seed carries out plant comparative test, F6Mixed plant seed of receiving carries out major clique comparative test：
In the live F in Hunan cotton region6, then enter every trade when major clique comparative test, according to plant and major clique comparative test result, screen
To the short season cotton new lines of the present invention.
Embodiment one（As shown in table 1）
The disease-resistant high ginning outturn hybrid cotton varieties for several newest authorizations being introduced from Sichuan in 2009, then to their F1In generation, is given birth to
State adaptive testing, in sowing mid-April of Hunan cotton region, 1600-2000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, by Hunan cotton region conventional hybridization
Cotton cultivation management method management.Multiple species test and fiber check and measure are carried out to middle part cotton boll, resistance, bell are selected by preliminary screening
The miscellaneous cotton in the relatively good another name for Sichuan Province of weight, ginning outturn, yielding ability No. 3, to its F2Reserved seed for planting.
Miscellaneous No. 3 F of cotton in another name for Sichuan Province are planted in changde, hunan sick nursery within 20102Utilize the sterile plant of separation（Sichuan sterile line disease resistance
It is good, and sick nursery is planted in, it is selection disease resistance to hybridize main breeding objective）With high-quality fruit spur strain Hunan short -2（Disease resistance compared with
Difference, ginning outturn are low, bell is small,）Individual plant is carried out estimating quality before Single-plant selection hybridization, blow-of-cottons after observation bell weight, blow-of-cottons, and preferably strain is mixed
Receive, obtain F1Seed.
September in 2010 10 days or so is by cenospecies F1In generation, is sowed on the Nan Fan bases of Sanya using hole tray, bore in cavities
Not less than 5 centimetres, highly not less than 5 centimetres；Such as typhoon, rainwater after hole tray insemination and emergence, hole tray is removed to interior, fine day is just
In outdoor hardening, early October transplants, and has several days seedling-slowing stages after transplanting, cotton seedling degree of lignification is higher, and anti-typhoon capacity is stronger,
Cotton seedling is needed to pinch ahead of time, can only stay 3-4 disk fruit branches, and blow-of-cottons cotton boll was harvested before and after 1 day January in 2011, carries out necessary species test,
It is mixed to receive, obtain F2Seed；By the F of harvest2Seed is live in Sanya before and after 10 days January in 2011, and thickness of sowing is not less than 4000
Plant/acre, early pinch, stay 3-4 disk fruit branches, need to build simple plastic greenhouse during plantation, in the highest temperature of in mid or late March, 2011
When reaching 30 DEG C, greenhouse two is opened wide or by 1 meter of greenhouse both sides lower open, removed greenhouse in late April, May 10
Front and rear harvest blow-of-cottons cotton boll, carries out necessary species test, mixes and receive, obtain F3。
In the live F of changde, hunan sick nursery before and after 15 days Mays in 20113, thickness of sowing is not less than 4000 plants/acre, July 15
Left and right starts to pinch, and stays 8-10 disk fruit branches, four plants of knot bells very strong and preferable fruit spur individual plant of resistance is received, to the 4th disk
Fruit branch above cotton boll carries out species test and fiber check and measure, and ginning outturn and fiber quality all reach breeding objective, add generation to its emphasis.
September in 2011 is before and after 10 days by the kind of receive two plants of knot bells very strong and preferable fruit spur individual plant of resistance
Son, i.e. F4Seed, is sowed on the Nan Fan bases of Sanya using hole tray.Bore is not less than 5 centimetres, highly not less than 5 lis in cavities
Such as typhoon, rainwater after rice, hole tray insemination and emergence, hole tray is removed to interior, fine day is just in outdoor hardening, and early October transplants,
There are several days seedling-slowing stages after transplanting, cotton seedling degree of lignification is higher, and anti-typhoon capacity is stronger, cotton seedling needs to pinch ahead of time, Zhi Nengliu
3-4 disk fruit branches, individual plant was received before and after 1 day January in 2012 and carries out necessary species test, F is obtained5Seed.Then on January 10th, 2012
It is front and rear in the live F in Sanya5Plant, thickness of sowing is not less than 4000 plants/acre, early pinches, and stays 3-4 disk fruit branches, needs to take during plantation
Simple plastic greenhouse is built, when the mid or late March highest temperature reaches 30 DEG C, greenhouse two is opened wide or the side lower part of greenhouse two is opened
1 meter is opened, greenhouse is removed in late April, dominant strain row receives the mixed receipts of plant after an individual plant before and after May 10, obtains F6Seed, enters
Row necessity species test, preliminary screening goes out 8 strain materials.
Before and after 15 days Mays in 2012 F is planted in changde, hunan6, to F6Single-strain seed carries out plant comparative test（Observation one
Cause property）, to F6Plant seed carries out major clique comparative test（Observe uniformity）, tested by plant and strain, identical source（F5
Same plant）Plant and strain result of the test coincide, yield is had outstanding performance and uniformity is good, and last final election is named as Hunan K645
（Former Hunan X645）.
Changde, hunan Hunan Scientific Research Inst. of Cotton major clique comparative test Hunan K645 has outstanding performance within 2013.
Multispots trial in Hunan Province in 2014, has outstanding performance.
Hunan K645 in 2016 participates in the precocious normal conon prerun in Jiangxi Province, passes through, fiber quality is excellent.The first half is averaged
Length 33.3mm, than strong 33.0CN/tex, micron value 5.0.
（Table 1）Hunan K645 seed selection is passed through
Claims (5)
1. the quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）The selection and hybridization of parent：Wherein maternal selection is to introduce the tool except the other Yangtze river basin cotton regions of Hunan outside the province
There are the hybrid cotton varieties of objective trait, in the plantation of Hunan cotton region, to its F1In generation, carries out annidation identification, is seen by crop field
Examine and species test, selection yielding ability is good and has the kind of objective trait, then from the F of selected kind2Optimum selecting possesses master in generation
The individual plant of objective trait is wanted as female parent；Male parent is the typical individual plant conduct in the short season cotton kind or strain for select Hunan cotton region
Male parent；Then hybridize, observed before blow-of-cottons and quality is estimated after bell weight, blow-of-cottons, preferably strain is mixed receives, and must hybridize F1Seed；
（2）First time south numerous added-generation：In Sanya to cenospecies F1Carry out plus generation, i.e. F1Planted in Sanya, it is mixed to receive to obtain F2Kind
Son, then by F2In Sanya plantation, mix and receive to obtain F3Seed；
（3）The species test of Hunan cotton region：F is planted in Hunan cotton region3, receipts knot bell is strong, the individual plant of better resistance, obtains F4Seed, through species test and
Fiber check and measure, ginning outturn and fiber quality all reach breeding objective, and carrying out emphasis to it adds generation；
（4）Second of south numerous added-generation：Cenospecies F3Middle knot bell is strong, the individual plant of better resistance in Sanya south numerous added-generation, i.e., in three subspecies
Plant F4, receive individual plant and obtain F5Seed, then plant F in Sanya5Plant, observes screening advantage plant, and advantage plant receives strain after an individual plant
Row is mixed to be received, and obtains F6Seed；
（5）Hunan cotton region F6Single-strain seed carries out plant comparative test, F6Mixed plant seed of receiving carries out major clique comparative test：In lake
The southern live F in cotton region6, then enter every trade when major clique comparative test, according to plant and major clique comparative test result, screening obtains this
The short season cotton new lines of invention.
2. the quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned steps（1）In
In Hunan cotton region, the concrete operations of plantation are：In sowing mid-April of Hunan cotton region, 1600-2000 plants/acre of thickness of sowing, by lake
Southern cotton region conventional hybridization cotton cultivation management method management.
3. the quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned steps（3）, step
Suddenly（5）In Hunan cotton region plant concrete operations be：In Hunan cotton region, May 15 is live, thickness of sowing be not less than 4000 plants/
Mu, starts to pinch, stay 8-10 disk fruit branches on July 15 or so, carries out species test and fiber check and measure to the 4th disk fruit branch above cotton boll, chooses
Select the short season cotton seed of superior strain.
4. the quick breeding method of short season cotton new varieties according to claim 1, it is characterised in that above-mentioned steps（2）, step
Suddenly（4）Concrete operations during middle south numerous added-generation are：
The numerous first generation in south：By the short season cotton seed of Hunan superior strain, cave is utilized on the Nan Fan bases of Sanya within 10 days or so in September
Disk is sowed, and bore is not less than 5 centimetres, highly not less than 5 centimetres in cavities；Such as typhoon, rainwater after hole tray insemination and emergence, by cave
Disk is removed to interior, and fine day is just in outdoor hardening, and early October transplants, and has several days seedling-slowing stages after transplanting, cotton seedling degree of lignification compared with
Height, anti-typhoon capacity is stronger, and cotton seedling is needed to pinch ahead of time, can only stay 3-4 disk fruit branches, and blow-of-cottons are harvested before and after next year January 1
Cotton boll, carries out necessary species test；
The numerous second generation in south：By the seed of southern numerous first generation harvest before and after next year January 10 it is live in Sanya, thickness of sowing is not
Less than 4000 plants/acre, early pinch, stay 3-4 disks fruit branch, it is necessary to build simple plastic greenhouse, reached in the mid or late March highest temperature
At 30 DEG C, greenhouse two is opened wide or greenhouse is removed to, 1 meter of greenhouse both sides lower open in late April before and after May 10
Blow-of-cottons cotton boll is harvested, necessary species test is carried out.
5. the quick breeding method of the short season cotton new varieties according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterised in that above-mentioned
The F of No. 3 separation of the miscellaneous cotton in female parent selection another name for Sichuan Province2Excellent disease-resistant sterile plant, male parent also selects Hunan short -2.
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| CN109122288A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-01-04 | 黄冈市农业科学院 | A kind of breeding method for the fruit spur transgenic cotton against pests adapting to mechanized harvest |
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| CN109105252A (en) * | 2018-08-25 | 2019-01-01 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | A kind of method of quickly breeding new cotton variety |
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| CN112005876A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-12-01 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Method for breeding disease and insect resistant high quality cotton variety by using cotton nuclear sterile hybrid |
| CN110352847A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-22 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | A kind of cotton cells genic male sterile line quick breeding and combination are measured identification method |
| CN110352847B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2022-03-11 | 湖南省棉花科学研究所 | Rapid breeding and combined testing and matching identification method for cotton nuclear male sterile line |
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