CN107278439B - Wide seedling zone wheat precise seeding and fertilizing machine monomer - Google Patents
Wide seedling zone wheat precise seeding and fertilizing machine monomer Download PDFInfo
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- CN107278439B CN107278439B CN201710494918.XA CN201710494918A CN107278439B CN 107278439 B CN107278439 B CN 107278439B CN 201710494918 A CN201710494918 A CN 201710494918A CN 107278439 B CN107278439 B CN 107278439B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/18—Machines for depositing quantities of seed at intervals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C19/00—Arrangements for driving working parts of fertilisers or seeders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
- A01C5/068—Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
- A01C7/206—Seed pipes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a wide seedling zone wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer, which is a wheat precision seeding and fertilizing device designed for wheat wide seedling zone seeding agronomy, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery precision seeding. The single body of the wide seedling belt wheat precise sowing and fertilizing machine comprises a frame, a fertilizer box, a fertilizer distributor, a hook hole type seed metering device, a seed layer thickness adjusting device, a seed box, a V-shaped groove type seed delivery pipe, a fertilizer delivery pipe, a combined furrow opener, a transmission device and a compacting device; the wide seedling zone wheat precision seeding fertilizer applicator monomer can reduce wheat seeding quantity, improve distribution uniformity of seeds on seedling zones, has stable ditching and seeding performance, relieves crowding phenomenon of machine tool structures, covers soil after fertilization and seeding, provides proper pressing force for the ground surface after seeding, and can finish wheat precision fertilization and seeding with high quality and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wide seedling zone wheat precise seeding fertilizer applicator monomer, in particular to a wheat precise seeding device designed for wide seedling zone wheat seeding agronomic design in agricultural machinery, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The wheat wide-width precision sowing technology is a wide-width precision sowing machine developed and produced by the lead of the university of agriculture Yu Songlie of Shandong and a matching technology thereof. At present, the wheat wide-width precision sowing technology is demonstrated to be popularized in Shandong, henan, anhui, jiangsu, hebei, shanxi and other places, and the popularization result shows that the wheat wide-width precision sowing technology is more than 10 percent higher than the traditional sowing technology. The wheat wide-width sowing technology is a wheat high-yield cultivation technology which is based on wheat precision and semi-precision sowing technology, takes the functions of expanding sowing width, increasing row spacing and promoting seedling in-band uniform sowing as a core and changes intensive drill sowing into wide sowing. The technique can control the sowing quantity to be 10-12 kg/mu, expand the sowing width to 8-10 cm and increase the row spacing from the traditional 10-15 cm to 25-32 cm. Thereby realizing relatively accurate sowing quantity, uniform grain distribution, improving the uniformity of emergence, cultivating robust individuals, constructing reasonable groups and having obvious yield-increasing effect.
Compared with the traditional drill seeder, the wheat broad-width seeder has the advantages that the seeding quantity is reduced, the seeding width is widened, seeds in rows are uniformly distributed, the defects of dense drill seeding of one line, crowded seeds, water and fertilizer, light and weak root and seedling are overcome, and the wheat broad-width seeder is favorable for the robust development of individuals and the establishment of reasonable group structures. With the development of wide seedling wheat seeding technology in recent years, china also emerges a plurality of wheat wide-width seeding machine types, such as a gold ingot 2BX-7 wheat wide-width no-tillage precision seeding machine; dahua Baolai 2BFJK series wheat wide-width seedling belt fertilizing and seeding machine and the like. However, most of these wide seedling wheat seeders use external grooved wheel type seed sowing devices, so that not only is the problem of large sowing quantity existed, but also the distribution of seeds on the seedling belt is difficult to control; the fertilizing furrow opener and the sowing furrow opener are independently used, so that the structure arrangement of the sowing machine is crowded; the compaction force is difficult to adjust, the compaction force has obvious influence on the actual sowing depth, the displacement of seeds, the soil firmness of the seed bed, the emergence rate and the water content of soil, and the appropriate compaction force can improve the soil firmness of the seed bed, the emergence rate and the water content of the soil.
Therefore, at present, according to the agronomic requirements of wheat sowing, a wide seedling belt wheat precision fertilizing and seeding machine which can reduce the sowing quantity, improve the distribution uniformity of seeds on seedling belts, ensure stable ditching and sowing performance, relieve the crowding phenomenon of machine structures and properly adjust the pressing force is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a wide seedling zone wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer which can reduce the wheat seeding quantity, improve the distribution uniformity of seeds on a seedling zone, ensure stable ditching and seeding performance, relieve the crowding phenomenon of a machine structure, cover soil after fertilization and seeding, provide proper pressing force for the ground surface after seeding and can finish the wheat precision fertilization and seeding with high quality and high efficiency according to the wheat seeding agronomic requirements.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wide seedling zone wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer, comprising: the seed sowing machine comprises a frame 1, a fertilizer box 2, a fertilizer distributor 3, a hook-type hole type seed sowing device 4, a seed layer thickness adjusting device 5, a seed box 6, a V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe 15, a fertilizer conveying pipe 17, a combined furrow opener 16, a transmission device and a pressing device;
the seed inlet is arranged above the hook-type hole type seed sowing device 4, the seed sowing port is arranged below the hook-type hole type seed sowing device, the fertilizer inlet is arranged above the fertilizer distributor 3, and the fertilizer dropping port is arranged below the fertilizer distributor;
the combined furrow opener 16 comprises a furrow opener share body 36, an anti-winding device 37, an anti-winding grid bar 38, a U-shaped column 39, a convex plate 40, a furrow opener upright post 41, a fertilizer dropping pipe 42, a sowing soil scraping plate 43, a seed conveying pipe baffle 44, a torsion spring supporting shaft 45, a torsion spring 46 and a sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate 47;
the compacting device comprises a compacting wheel 10, a compacting spring 8, a compacting spring mounting rod 9, a compacting force adjusting knob 7, a compacting wheel shaft 22, a compacting device mounting frame 11 and a compacting device mounting shaft;
the fertilizer box 2 and the seed box 6 are arranged side by side, the fertilizer box 2 is fixed at the front end of the upper part of the frame 1, the seed box 6 is fixed at the rear end of the upper part of the frame 1, the upper end of the hook-type hole seed sowing device 4 is fixed below the seed box 6, and the upper end of the fertilizer distributor 3 is fixed below the fertilizer box 2; the seed layer thickness adjusting device 5 is positioned in the seed box 6, is fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the seed box 6 through bolts, covers the seed inlet of the hook-type hole type seed sowing device 4, and forms an adjustable gap with the bottom of the seed box 6; the upper end of the V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe 15 is positioned right below the seed discharging port, and the lower end of the V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe 15 is lapped in front of a seed conveying pipe baffle 44 of the combined furrow opener 16 by means of self gravity; the upper end of the fertilizer pipe 17 is positioned right below the fertilizer dropping opening, the lower end of the fertilizer pipe 17 is positioned in a fertilizer dropping pipe 42 of the combined furrow opener 16, the combined furrow opener 16 is positioned in front of the hook-type hole type seed sowing device 4, and the combined furrow opener is fixed on a bottom cross beam of the frame 1 through a U-shaped column 39 and a convex plate 40; the compacting device is arranged at the rear of the frame 1, and the transmission devices are arranged at two sides of the frame 1 to provide power for seed sowing and fertilization.
On the basis of the scheme, the seed layer thickness regulating device 5 comprises a seed layer thickness regulating device box 23, a seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame 24 and a seed layer thickness regulating device square cone roof 25; the seed layer thickness regulating device box body 23 is of a cube thin-wall structure, and a seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top 25 is fixed at the top of the seed layer thickness regulating device box body 23; the inclination angle of the seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top 25 is 32-40 degrees, a seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame 24 is arranged at the joint of the seed layer thickness regulating device box body 23 and the seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top 25, two ends of the seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame 24 are fixedly connected in seed layer thickness regulating mounting holes 20 on the left side and the right side of the seed box 6 through bolts, and the upper position and the lower position are adjustable.
On the basis of the scheme, the fertilizer distributor 3 adopts an outer sheave type fertilizer distributor; the middle part of the fertilizer distributor 3 is fixed on the middle lower cross beam of the frame 1 through a fertilizer distributing square shaft.
On the basis of the scheme, the hook-type hole seed sowing device 4 comprises a seed sowing wheel 26, a seed cleaning sheet 32, a seed cleaning sheet mounting frame 31, a seed sowing shell 30 and a seed sowing square shaft; a seed metering square shaft mounting hole 27 is formed in the center position of the seed metering wheel 26, the seed metering square shaft passes through the seed metering square shaft mounting hole 27 and is fixed on a middle lower cross beam of the frame 1, and a hook hole 28 and a seed cleaning clamping groove 29 are formed in the circumference of the seed metering wheel 26; wherein the width of the seed sowing wheel 26 is 8-10 cm, the height of the hook-shaped holes 28 is set to be 4-6 mm according to the thickness and width of the wheat seeds, and the hook-shaped holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the seed sowing wheel 26 in four rows; seed cleaning sheets 32 are arranged at the lower part of the seed metering shell 30 through seed cleaning sheet mounting frames 31, the seed cleaning sheet mounting frames 31 are fixed at the lower part of the seed metering shell 30 through bolts, and the seed cleaning sheets 32 are equidistantly fixed on the seed cleaning sheet mounting frames 31 and correspond to the hook-shaped holes 28 on the seed metering wheel 26; the upper end of the seed metering shell 30 is provided with a threaded connection hole, and the upper end of the seed metering shell 30 is fixed below the seed box 6 through threaded connection.
On the basis of the scheme, the hook-shaped hole 28 comprises a seed feeding chute 33, a hook-shaped hole flat bottom 34 and a seed storage groove 35; wherein the depth of the seed storage groove 35 is 4-6 mm, the included angle between the seed feeding chute 33 and the circular line of the seed metering wheel 26 is 30-45 degrees, and the hook hole flat bottom 34 is coincident with the circular line of the seed metering wheel 26; the width of the seed storage groove 35 and the width of the seed feeding chute 33 are determined to be 7-9 mm according to the length of the maximum wheat seed.
Based on the scheme, the width of the combined furrow opener 16 is 8-10 cm, the furrow opener ploughshare body 36 is in a form of being wide at the upper part and narrow at the lower part, and the soil entering angle is 15-20 degrees; the furrow opener upright post 41 is fixed above the furrow opener ploughshare body 36; the extending length of the furrow opener upright post 41 can be adjusted; four anti-winding grid bars 38 are symmetrically fixed on two sides of the anti-winding device 37, the included angle is 45-60 degrees, and the anti-winding device 37 and the fertilizer dropping pipe 42 are respectively fixed on the front side and the rear side of the opener upright 41; the protruding part of the convex plate 40 is fixed at the upper end of the opener upright 41, the U-shaped columns 39 are fixed at two sides of the convex plate 40, and the opener upright 41 is fixed on the bottom cross beam of the frame 1 through the U-shaped columns 39; the sowing scraper 43 is inclined backwards by 8-15 degrees and fixed behind the lower side of the fertilizer dropping pipe 42; the rear of the seeding scraper 43 is provided with a seed conveying pipe baffle 44, the rear of the seed conveying pipe baffle 44 is movably provided with a torsion spring supporting shaft 45, a sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate 47 is horseshoe-shaped, the lower part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate is provided with a sawtooth structure, the upper part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate is wide and the lower part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate is narrow, and the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate is hinged on the torsion spring supporting shaft 45 through a torsion spring 46.
On the basis of the scheme, the V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe 15 comprises a rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48, a V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plate 50, a seed dropping cup 51 and a seed conveying pipe installation shaft 14; the seed dropping cup 51 is in an inverted cone shape, the width of the lower part of the seed dropping cup 51 is 8cm consistent with that of the rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48, a seed conveying pipe mounting hole 49 is formed in the front end of the seed dropping cup 51, a seed conveying pipe mounting shaft 14 penetrates through the seed conveying pipe mounting hole 49 and is fixed on a bottom cross beam of the frame 1, the rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48 is fixed below the seed dropping cup 51, four V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plates 50 are arranged in the seed dropping cup 51 and the rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48, and the V-shaped seed conveying partition plates 50 in the rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48 are evenly distributed.
On the basis of the scheme, the transmission device comprises a universal joint I12, a transmission shaft 13, a transmission chain 19, a fertilizer discharging sprocket 18 and a seed discharging sprocket 21; wherein, the right side of the pressing wheel shaft 22 stretches out the end and is connected with the one end of universal joint I12, and seed metering square shaft right side stretches out the end and is connected with the one end of universal joint II, and the both ends of transmission shaft 13 are connected with the other end of universal joint I12 and the other end of universal joint II respectively, and seed metering square shaft's left side stretches out fixed mounting has seed metering sprocket 21, and seed metering square shaft's left side stretches out fixed mounting has seed metering sprocket 18, installs drive chain 19 between seed metering sprocket 21 and the seed metering sprocket 18.
On the basis of the scheme, two sides of the compacting device mounting frame 11 are hinged to compacting device mounting shafts which are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the rear part of the frame 1; the press wheel 10 is hinged on the press device mounting frame 11 through a press wheel shaft 22; the suppression spring installation pole 9 articulates in the both sides of suppression device mounting bracket 11, and the upper end of suppression spring installation pole 9 is equipped with suppression spring 8, and the rear portion upper end through-hole of frame 1 is passed on the top of suppression spring installation pole 9, and the top at suppression spring installation pole 9 is fixed in to the screw in of suppression force adjust knob 7.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the seeding and fertilizing machine works, under the traction action of the front power device tractor, the combined furrow opener opens a V-shaped fertilizing groove through the front furrow body, the winding prevention device at the front part of the combined furrow opener can prevent weeds from winding, the seeding scraper provides a flat groove bottom for seeding, the quality of a seed bed is ensured, the seed groove opened by the seeding scraper is shallower than the fertilizing groove by 3-5 cm, the saw-tooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate at the rear of the combined furrow opener can complete the seeding and earthing operation through the control of the torsion spring, the saw-tooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate can play the function of broken soil, the finer and finer soil covered on seeds is beneficial to improving the emergence rate, the growth quality of the follow-up wheat is also beneficial, and the combined furrow opener realizes the deep fertilization and flat seed sowing groove bottom and can meet the requirement of wide sowing of the wheat; four rows of uniform seeds discharged by the seed sowing device uniformly and accurately fall into a flat seed groove formed by the combined furrow opener under the action of a V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plate of the seed conveying pipe, and the V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plate ensures the uniformity and consistency of the falling of the seeds into the seed groove; the distance between the seed layer thickness regulating device and the bottom of the frame can be regulated, so that the thickness of the seed layer above the seed sowing device is ensured, the precision control of the seed charging and sowing process is facilitated, the inclination angle of the square conical top of the seed layer thickness regulating device is 32-40 degrees, and the inclination angle is larger than the static friction angle between the wheat seeds and the conical surface, so that the seeds are prevented from staying above the inclination angle; the transmission device changes the traditional way that the chain wheel is replaced by the transmission shaft, the phenomena of slipping and tooth jumping do not occur, and the stability of transmission is improved, so that the uniformity and consistency of seed and fertilizer discharge are ensured; the compacting device is realized by utilizing the compacting wheel which is arranged in a row, and the compacting force is adjusted by the compacting spring and the compacting force adjusting knob, so that the optimal sowing compacting force can be adjusted according to the production requirement of an actual land block. The operation process can ensure that the seeder can realize even distribution of seeds in the seedling zone while reducing the seeding amount, the use of the combined furrow opener reduces the structure crowding phenomenon of the machine, and proper adjustment of the ballasting force improves the soil firmness of the seed bed, the emergence rate and the moisture content of soil.
Drawings
The invention has the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single structure of a wide seedling zone wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram II of a single structure of a wide seedling zone wheat precision seeding fertilizer applicator of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a seed layer thickness adjusting device of a wide seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram II of a seed layer thickness adjusting device of a wide seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer;
FIG. 5a is a partial cross-sectional view of a seed layer thickness adjustment device of a wide band wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer connected with a frame and a seed metering device;
FIG. 5b is an enlarged view of a portion of L in FIG. 5 a;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a single seed metering device of a wide seedling zone wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a hook-type hole of a single seed metering wheel of a wide seedling belt wheat precision seeding fertilizer applicator of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a combined furrow opener of a wide seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a combined furrow opener of the broad band wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of a single seed delivery tube of the wide seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1 frame 2 fertilizer box
3 fertilizer apparatus 4 hook type hole type seed sowing device
6 cases of 5 layer thickness adjusting device
7 press force adjusting knob 8 press spring
9 compacting spring mounting rod 10 compacting wheel
11 compacting device mounting frame 12 universal joint I
13 transmission shaft 14 seed pipe installation shaft
15V type groove type seed conveying pipe 16 combined furrow opener
17 fertilizer pipe 18 fertilizer discharging chain wheel
20 layer thickness adjusting mounting holes of 19 transmission chains
21 seed metering sprocket 22 suppression shaft
24 kinds of layer thickness adjusting device mounting frames of 23 kinds of layer thickness adjusting device box bodies
25 layer thickness adjusting device square cone roof 26 seed metering wheel
28 hook type hole of 27 seed metering square shaft mounting hole
29 clear kind of seed draw-in groove 30 seed metering shell
31 seed-cleaning sheet mounting frame 32 seed-cleaning sheet
33 seed feeding chute 34 hook-shaped hole flat bottom
35 seed storage groove 36 furrow opener ploughshare body
37 antiwind device 38 antiwind grid
41 furrow opener upright post 42 fertilizer dropping pipe
43 seeding scraper 44 seed conveying pipe baffle
45 torsional spring supporting shaft 46 torsional spring
47 sawtooth horseshoe type earthing wing plate 48 rectangular seed conveying pipeline
50V type seed conveying pipe partition plate with 49 seed conveying pipe mounting holes
51 seed dropping cup
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-9, a wide seedling zone wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer comprises: the seed sowing machine comprises a frame 1, a fertilizer box 2, a fertilizer distributor 3, a hook-type hole type seed sowing device 4, a seed layer thickness adjusting device 5, a seed box 6, a V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe 15, a fertilizer conveying pipe 17, a combined furrow opener 16, a transmission device and a pressing device;
the seed inlet is arranged above the hook-type hole type seed sowing device 4, the seed sowing port is arranged below the hook-type hole type seed sowing device, the fertilizer inlet is arranged above the fertilizer distributor 3, and the fertilizer dropping port is arranged below the fertilizer distributor;
the combined furrow opener 16 comprises a furrow opener share body 36, an anti-winding device 37, an anti-winding grid bar 38, a U-shaped column 39, a convex plate 40, a furrow opener upright post 41, a fertilizer dropping pipe 42, a sowing soil scraping plate 43, a seed conveying pipe baffle 44, a torsion spring supporting shaft 45, a torsion spring 46 and a sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate 47;
the compacting device comprises a compacting wheel 10, a compacting spring 8, a compacting spring mounting rod 9, a compacting force adjusting knob 7, a compacting wheel shaft 22, a compacting device mounting frame 11 and a compacting device mounting shaft;
the fertilizer box 2 and the seed box 6 are arranged side by side, the fertilizer box 2 is fixed at the front end of the upper part of the frame 1, the seed box 6 is fixed at the rear end of the upper part of the frame 1, the upper end of the hook-type hole seed sowing device 4 is fixed below the seed box 6, and the upper end of the fertilizer distributor 3 is fixed below the fertilizer box 2; the seed layer thickness adjusting device 5 is positioned in the seed box 6, is fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the seed box 6 through bolts, covers the seed inlet of the hook-type hole type seed sowing device 4, and forms an adjustable gap with the bottom of the seed box 6; the upper end of the V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe 15 is positioned right below the seed discharging port, and the lower end of the V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe 15 is lapped in front of a seed conveying pipe baffle 44 of the combined furrow opener 16 by means of self gravity; the upper end of the fertilizer pipe 17 is positioned right below the fertilizer dropping opening, the lower end of the fertilizer pipe 17 is positioned in a fertilizer dropping pipe 42 of the combined furrow opener 16, the combined furrow opener 16 is positioned in front of the hook-type hole type seed sowing device 4, and the combined furrow opener is fixed on a bottom cross beam of the frame 1 through a U-shaped column 39 and a convex plate 40; the compacting device is arranged at the rear of the frame 1, and the transmission devices are arranged at two sides of the frame 1 to provide power for seed sowing and fertilization.
On the basis of the scheme, the seed layer thickness regulating device 5 comprises a seed layer thickness regulating device box 23, a seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame 24 and a seed layer thickness regulating device square cone roof 25; the seed layer thickness regulating device box body 23 is of a cube thin-wall structure, and a seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top 25 is fixed at the top of the seed layer thickness regulating device box body 23; the inclination angle of the seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top is 32-40 degrees, a seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame 24 is arranged at the joint of the seed layer thickness regulating device box body 23 and the seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top 25, two ends of the seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame 24 are fixedly connected in seed layer thickness regulating mounting holes 20 on the left side and the right side of the seed box 6 through bolts, and the upper position and the lower position are adjustable.
On the basis of the scheme, the fertilizer distributor 3 adopts an outer sheave type fertilizer distributor; the middle part of the fertilizer distributor 3 is fixed on the middle lower cross beam of the frame 1 through a fertilizer distributing square shaft.
On the basis of the scheme, the hook-type hole seed sowing device 4 comprises a seed sowing wheel 26, a seed cleaning sheet 32, a seed cleaning sheet mounting frame 31, a seed sowing shell 30 and a seed sowing square shaft; a seed metering square shaft mounting hole 27 is formed in the center position of the seed metering wheel 26, the seed metering square shaft passes through the seed metering square shaft mounting hole 27 and is fixed on a middle lower cross beam of the frame 1, and a hook hole 28 and a seed cleaning clamping groove 29 are formed in the circumference of the seed metering wheel 26; wherein the width of the seed sowing wheel 26 is 8-10 cm, the height of the hook-shaped holes 28 is set to be 4-6 mm according to the thickness and width of the wheat seeds, and the hook-shaped holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the seed sowing wheel 26 in four rows; seed cleaning sheets 32 are arranged at the lower part of the seed metering shell 30 through seed cleaning sheet mounting frames 31, the seed cleaning sheet mounting frames 31 are fixed at the lower part of the seed metering shell 30 through bolts, and the seed cleaning sheets 32 are equidistantly fixed on the seed cleaning sheet mounting frames 31 and correspond to the hook-shaped holes 28 on the seed metering wheel 26; the upper end of the seed metering shell 30 is provided with a threaded connection hole, and the upper end of the seed metering shell 30 is fixed below the seed box 6 through threaded connection.
On the basis of the scheme, the hook-shaped hole 28 comprises a seed feeding chute 33, a hook-shaped hole flat bottom 34 and a seed storage groove 35; wherein the depth of the seed storage groove 35 is 4-6 mm, the included angle between the seed feeding chute 33 and the circular line of the seed metering wheel 26 is 30-45 degrees, and the hook hole flat bottom 34 is coincident with the circular line of the seed metering wheel 26; the width of the seed storage groove 35 and the width of the seed feeding chute 33 are determined to be 7-9 mm according to the length of the maximum wheat seed.
Based on the scheme, the width of the combined furrow opener 16 is 8-10 cm, the furrow opener ploughshare body 36 is in a form of being wide at the upper part and narrow at the lower part, and the soil entering angle is 15-20 degrees; the furrow opener upright post 41 is fixed above the furrow opener ploughshare body 36; the extending length of the furrow opener upright post 41 can be adjusted; four anti-winding grid bars 38 are symmetrically fixed on two sides of the anti-winding device 37, the included angle is 45-60 degrees, and the anti-winding device 37 and the fertilizer dropping pipe 42 are respectively fixed on the front side and the rear side of the opener upright 41; the protruding part of the convex plate 40 is fixed at the upper end of the opener upright 41, the U-shaped columns 39 are fixed at two sides of the convex plate 40, and the opener upright 41 is fixed on the bottom cross beam of the frame 1 through the U-shaped columns 39; the sowing scraper 43 is inclined backwards by 8-15 degrees and fixed behind the lower side of the fertilizer dropping pipe 42; the rear of the seeding scraper 43 is provided with a seed conveying pipe baffle 44, the rear of the seed conveying pipe baffle 44 is movably provided with a torsion spring supporting shaft 45, a sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate 47 is horseshoe-shaped, the lower part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate is provided with a sawtooth structure, the upper part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate is wide and the lower part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate is narrow, and the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate is hinged on the torsion spring supporting shaft 45 through a torsion spring 46.
On the basis of the scheme, the V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe 15 comprises a rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48, a V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plate 50, a seed dropping cup 51 and a seed conveying pipe installation shaft 14; the seed dropping cup 51 is in an inverted cone shape, the width of the lower part of the seed dropping cup 51 is 8cm consistent with that of the rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48, a seed conveying pipe mounting hole 49 is formed in the front end of the seed dropping cup 51, a seed conveying pipe mounting shaft 14 penetrates through the seed conveying pipe mounting hole 49 and is fixed on a bottom cross beam of the frame 1, the rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48 is fixed below the seed dropping cup 51, four V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plates 50 are arranged in the seed dropping cup 51 and the rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48, and the V-shaped seed conveying partition plates 50 in the rectangular seed conveying pipeline 48 are evenly distributed.
On the basis of the scheme, the transmission device comprises a universal joint I12, a transmission shaft 13, a transmission chain 19, a fertilizer discharging sprocket 18 and a seed discharging sprocket 21; wherein, the right side of the pressing wheel shaft 22 stretches out the end and is connected with the one end of universal joint I12, and seed metering square shaft right side stretches out the end and is connected with the one end of universal joint II, and the both ends of transmission shaft 13 are connected with the other end of universal joint I12 and the other end of universal joint II respectively, and seed metering square shaft's left side stretches out fixed mounting has seed metering sprocket 21, and seed metering square shaft's left side stretches out fixed mounting has seed metering sprocket 18, installs drive chain 19 between seed metering sprocket 21 and the seed metering sprocket 18.
On the basis of the scheme, two sides of the compacting device mounting frame 11 are hinged to compacting device mounting shafts which are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the rear part of the frame 1; the press wheel 10 is hinged on the press device mounting frame 11 through a press wheel shaft 22; the suppression spring installation pole 9 articulates in the both sides of suppression device mounting bracket 11, and the upper end of suppression spring installation pole 9 is equipped with suppression spring 8, and the rear portion upper end through-hole of frame 1 is passed on the top of suppression spring installation pole 9, and the top at suppression spring installation pole 9 is fixed in to the screw in of suppression force adjust knob 7.
When the wide seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine single body works, under the traction action of the front power device tractor, the combined furrow opener opens a V-shaped fertilizing groove through the front furrow body, the winding prevention device at the front part of the combined furrow opener can prevent weeds from winding, the seeding scraper provides a flat furrow bottom for seeding, the quality of a seed bed is ensured, the seeding scraper opens a seed furrow which is 3-5 cm shallower than a fertilizing groove, the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate at the rear of the combined furrow opener can finish seeding and earthing operation through the control of the torsion spring, the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate can play the role of breaking soil, the finer and finer soil covered on seeds is beneficial to improving the emergence rate and the growth quality of the subsequent wheat, and the combined furrow opener realizes positive deep fertilization and can meet the requirement of wide wheat seeding; four rows of uniform seeds discharged by the seed sowing device uniformly and accurately fall into seed grooves formed by the furrow opener under the action of the seed conveying pipes and the V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plates, and the V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plates ensure uniformity and consistency of the falling of the seeds into the seed grooves; the transmission device changes the traditional way that the chain wheel is replaced by the transmission shaft, the phenomena of slipping and tooth jumping do not occur, and the stability of transmission is improved, so that the uniformity and consistency of seed and fertilizer discharge are ensured; the compacting device is realized by utilizing the compacting wheel which is arranged in a row, and the compacting force is adjusted by the compacting spring and the compacting force adjusting knob, so that the optimal sowing compacting force can be adjusted according to the production requirement of an actual land block.
According to the sowing and fertilizing machine monomer provided by the invention, according to the current sowing agronomic requirements of wide seedling belt wheat, the sowing quantity of the wheat is reduced, the seeds in the seedling belt can be uniformly distributed, the distance between the seed layer thickness regulating device and the bottom of the frame can be regulated, the thickness of the seed layer above the seed sowing device is ensured, the precision control of the seed sowing process is more facilitated, the inclination angle of the square cone top of the seed layer thickness regulating device is 32-40 degrees, and the static friction angle between the wheat seeds and the conical surface is larger than that of the wheat seeds, so that the seeds are prevented from staying above the seed layer thickness regulating device; the use of the combined furrow opener reduces the structure crowding phenomenon of the machine; the normal deep fertilization can make full use of seeds in a wide seedling zone and absorb fertilizer, and the use amount of the fertilizer can be properly reduced under the condition of not affecting the crop yield; proper adjustment of the ballasting force improves the soil firmness of the seedbed, the emergence rate and the moisture content of the soil.
It should be finally noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted or the monomer may be applied to the whole machine without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a wide seedling area wheat precision seeding fertilizer distributor monomer which characterized in that includes: the seed sowing machine comprises a frame (1), a fertilizer box (2), a fertilizer feeder (3), a hook-type hole type seed sowing device (4), a seed layer thickness adjusting device (5), a seed box (6), a V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe (15), a fertilizer conveying pipe (17), a combined furrow opener (16), a transmission device and a pressing device;
the seed inlet is arranged above the hook-type hole type seed sowing device (4), the seed sowing port is arranged below the hook-type hole type seed sowing device, the fertilizer inlet is arranged above the fertilizer sowing device (3), and the fertilizer dropping port is arranged below the fertilizer sowing device;
the combined furrow opener (16) comprises a furrow opener share body (36), an anti-winding device (37), an anti-winding grid (38), a U-shaped column (39), a convex plate (40), a furrow opener upright post (41), a fertilizer falling pipe (42), a sowing soil scraping plate (43), a seed conveying pipe baffle (44), a torsion spring supporting shaft (45), a torsion spring (46) and a sawtooth horseshoe-shaped earthing wing plate (47);
the compacting device comprises a compacting wheel (10), a compacting spring (8), a compacting spring mounting rod (9), a compacting force adjusting knob (7), a compacting wheel shaft (22), a compacting device mounting frame (11) and a compacting device mounting shaft;
the fertilizer box (2) and the seed box (6) are arranged side by side, the fertilizer box (2) is fixed at the front end of the upper part of the frame (1), the seed box (6) is fixed at the rear end of the upper part of the frame (1), the upper end of the hook-type hole seed sowing device (4) is fixed below the seed box (6), and the upper end of the fertilizer device (3) is fixed below the fertilizer box (2); the seed layer thickness adjusting device (5) is positioned in the seed box (6), is fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the seed box (6) through bolts, covers the seed inlet of the hook-type hole type seed sowing device (4), and forms an adjustable gap with the bottom of the seed box (6); the upper end of the V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe (15) is positioned right below the seed discharging port, and the lower end of the V-shaped groove type seed conveying pipe (15) is lapped in front of a seed conveying pipe baffle (44) of the combined furrow opener (16) by means of self gravity; the upper end of the fertilizer conveying pipe (17) is positioned right below the fertilizer falling opening, the lower end of the fertilizer conveying pipe (17) is positioned in a fertilizer falling pipe (42) of the combined furrow opener (16), the combined furrow opener (16) is positioned in front of the hook-type hole type seed sowing device (4), and the combined furrow opener is fixed on a bottom cross beam of the frame (1) through a U-shaped column (39) and a convex plate (40); the compacting device is arranged at the rear of the frame (1), and the transmission device is arranged at two sides of the frame (1) to provide power for seed sowing and fertilization;
the seed layer thickness regulating device (5) comprises a seed layer thickness regulating device box body (23), a seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame (24) and a seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top (25); the seed layer thickness regulating device box body (23) is of a cube thin-wall structure, and a seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top (25) is fixed at the top of the seed layer thickness regulating device box body (23); the inclination angle of the seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top (25) is 32-40 degrees, a seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame (24) is arranged at the joint of the seed layer thickness regulating device box body (23) and the seed layer thickness regulating device square cone top (25), two ends of the seed layer thickness regulating device mounting frame (24) are fixedly connected in seed layer thickness regulating mounting holes (20) on the left side and the right side of the seed box (6) through bolts, and the upper position and the lower position are adjustable;
the fertilizer distributor (3) adopts an outer sheave type fertilizer distributor; the middle part of the fertilizer distributor (3) is fixed on a middle-lower cross beam of the frame (1) through a fertilizer distributing square shaft;
the hook-type hole type seed metering device (4) comprises a seed metering wheel (26), seed cleaning sheets (32), a seed cleaning sheet mounting frame (31), a seed metering shell (30) and a seed metering square shaft; a seed metering square shaft mounting hole (27) is formed in the center position of the seed metering wheel (26), the seed metering square shaft passes through the seed metering square shaft mounting hole (27) and is fixed on a middle-lower cross beam of the frame (1), and a hook-shaped hole (28) and a seed cleaning clamping groove (29) are formed in the circumference of the seed metering wheel (26); wherein the width of the seed sowing wheel (26) is 8-10 cm, the height of the hook-shaped holes (28) is set to be 4-6 mm according to the thickness and the width of the wheat seeds, and the hook-shaped holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the seed sowing wheel (26) in four rows; seed cleaning sheets (32) are arranged at the lower part of the seed metering shell (30) through seed cleaning sheet mounting frames (31), the seed cleaning sheet mounting frames (31) are fixed at the lower part of the seed metering shell (30) through bolts, and the seed cleaning sheets (32) are equidistantly fixed on the seed cleaning sheet mounting frames (31) and correspond to hook-shaped holes (28) on the seed metering wheel (26); the upper end of the seed metering shell (30) is provided with a threaded connection hole, and the upper end of the seed metering shell (30) is fixed below the seed box (6) through threaded connection.
2. The broad seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer as in claim 1, characterized in that said hook hole (28) comprises a seed feeding chute (33), a hook hole flat bottom (34) and a seed storage groove (35); wherein the depth of the seed storage groove (35) is 4-6 mm, the included angle between the seed feeding chute (33) and the circular line of the seed discharging wheel (26) is 30-45 degrees, and the hook hole flat bottom (34) is overlapped with the circular line of the seed discharging wheel (26); the width of the seed storage groove (35) and the width of the seed feeding chute (33) are determined to be 7-9 mm according to the length of the maximum wheat seeds.
3. The wide seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the combined furrow opener (16) is 8-10 cm, the furrow opener ploughshare body (36) is in a form of wide upper part and narrow lower part, and the soil penetration angle is 15-20 degrees; the furrow opener upright post (41) is fixed above the furrow opener ploughshare body (36); the extending length of the furrow opener upright post (41) can be adjusted; four anti-winding grid bars (38) are symmetrically fixed on two sides of the anti-winding device (37), the included angle is 45-60 degrees, and the anti-winding device (37) and the fertilizer dropping pipe (42) are respectively fixed on the front side and the rear side of the opener upright post (41); the protruding part of the convex plate (40) is fixed at the upper end of the opener upright post (41), the U-shaped columns (39) are fixed at the two sides of the convex plate (40), and the opener upright post (41) is fixed on the bottom cross beam of the frame (1) through the U-shaped columns (39); the sowing scraper (43) is inclined backwards by 8-15 degrees and is fixed behind the lower side of the fertilizer dropping pipe (42); the rear of the seeding scraper plate (43) is provided with a seed conveying pipe baffle plate (44), the rear of the seed conveying pipe baffle plate (44) is movably provided with a torsion spring supporting shaft (45), a sawtooth horseshoe-shaped soil covering wing plate (47) is of a horseshoe shape, the lower part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped soil covering wing plate is provided with a sawtooth structure, the upper part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped soil covering wing plate is wide and the lower part of the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped soil covering wing plate is narrow, and the sawtooth horseshoe-shaped soil covering wing plate is hinged on the torsion spring supporting shaft (45) through a torsion spring (46).
4. The broad band wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer as in claim 1, characterized in that said V-groove type seed delivery tube (15) comprises a rectangular seed delivery tube (48), a V-shaped seed delivery tube separator (50), a seed dropping cup (51) and a seed delivery tube mounting shaft (14); the seed dropping cup (51) is in an inverted cone shape, the width of the lower part of the seed dropping cup is 8cm consistent with that of the rectangular seed conveying pipeline (48), a seed conveying pipe mounting hole (49) is formed in the front end of the seed dropping cup (51), a seed conveying pipe mounting shaft (14) penetrates through the seed conveying pipe mounting hole (49) and is fixed on a bottom cross beam of the frame (1), the rectangular seed conveying pipeline (48) is fixed below the seed dropping cup (51), four V-shaped seed conveying pipe partition plates (50) are arranged in the seed dropping cup (51) and the rectangular seed conveying pipeline (48), and the V-shaped seed conveying partition plates (50) in the rectangular seed conveying pipeline (48) are evenly distributed.
5. The broad seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmission device comprises a universal joint I (12), a transmission shaft (13), a transmission chain (19), a fertilizer discharging sprocket wheel (18) and a seed discharging sprocket wheel (21); wherein, the right side of suppression shaft (22) stretches out the end and is connected with the one end of universal joint I (12), seed metering square shaft right side stretches out the end and is connected with the one end of universal joint II, and the both ends of transmission shaft (13) are connected with the other end of universal joint I (12) and the other end of universal joint II respectively, and seed metering sprocket (21) are stretched out fixed mounting in the left side of seed metering square shaft, and seed metering sprocket (18) are stretched out fixed mounting in the left side of seed metering square shaft, install drive chain (19) between seed metering sprocket (21) and the seed metering sprocket (18).
6. The wide seedling belt wheat precision seeding and fertilizing machine monomer according to claim 1, characterized in that the two sides of the compacting device mounting frame (11) are hinged on a compacting device mounting shaft which is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the rear part of the frame (1); the pressing wheel (10) is hinged on the pressing device mounting frame (11) through a pressing wheel shaft (22); the compression spring mounting rod (9) is hinged to two sides of the compression device mounting frame (11), the compression spring (8) is arranged at the upper end of the compression spring mounting rod (9), the top end of the compression spring mounting rod (9) penetrates through a through hole in the upper end of the rear portion of the frame (1), and the compression force adjusting knob (7) is screwed in and fixed to the top end of the compression spring mounting rod (9).
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| CN108012628A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-11 | 郭昌普 | A kind of adjustable small-sized groundnut planter of seed level |
| CN108811644B (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-11-03 | 浙江智霖机械有限公司 | Fertilizer injection unit for crops |
| CN109168464A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-01-11 | 淮海工学院 | A kind of intelligent wheat precision drilling fertilization working machine based on Beidou navigation |
| CN109874463B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2024-03-19 | 青岛万世丰农业科技有限公司 | Small-grain crop precision planter |
| CN110178495A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-30 | 山西河东雄风农机有限公司 | A kind of wide cut with profile modeling function lacks no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine |
| CN115039529A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-13 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司 | High-solid-content regenerated fertilizer sweeping, returning and fertilizing all-in-one machine and method thereof |
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| CN100382669C (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2008-04-23 | 郭玉富 | Combine for tillage seeding machine and corn harvesting seeding machine |
| AR052512A1 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-03-21 | Alberto Oscar Choulet | AGRICULTURAL MACHINE SUITABLE FOR CROPS INTERSIEMBRA |
| CN101258822B (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2011-09-21 | 浙江大学 | Adjustable material filling device in rice hole plate seedling raising |
| CN203840741U (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-09-24 | 河南科技大学 | Drum-form hole-type plug-seedling seed-metering device and seedling-culturing and seed-metering mechanism |
| CN205357074U (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 中国农业大学 | Specific type pore area formula rice sprout cultivation seed metering ware is filled again in friction |
| CN105850256B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2017-08-22 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | The next combined seed and fertilizer drill of the wide seedling band of wheat rotary tillage |
| CN106717192B (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2023-03-21 | 安徽农业大学 | Rotary tillage seeding fertilization pesticide application multifunctional dry direct seeding machine |
| CN207054063U (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2018-03-02 | 中国农业大学 | Wide seedling band wheat stems fertilizer applicator monomer |
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