CN107272254A - 包含吸收染料的液晶显示装置 - Google Patents

包含吸收染料的液晶显示装置 Download PDF

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CN107272254A
CN107272254A CN201611259610.9A CN201611259610A CN107272254A CN 107272254 A CN107272254 A CN 107272254A CN 201611259610 A CN201611259610 A CN 201611259610A CN 107272254 A CN107272254 A CN 107272254A
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layer
liquid crystal
dyestuff
crystal display
display device
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CN107272254B (zh
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赵洪烈
曹圭中
崔熔在
南贤哲
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Escape Mcavo Solutions Co ltd
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SKC Haas Display Films Co Ltd
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    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种包含吸收染料的液晶显示装置，本发明的液晶显示装置能够最大限度地透射从光源发出的纯RGB波长，并吸收RGB波长以外的不必要的波长，从而能够提高色纯度及亮度。

Description

包含吸收染料的液晶显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过在反射偏光膜中包含吸收染料而使得亮度及色纯度的提高极大化的液晶显示装置。
背景技术
以前，40英寸的电视为主流，而如今出现了很多购买50英寸甚至60英寸电视的消费者。这种尺寸的竞争结束后，便开始了分辨率的竞争。直到一年前全高清(FHD，Full HighDefinition)电视还属于高级型号，而如今超高清(UHD，Ultra High Definition)正在市场中急速推广。
最近，显示器市场正在从大面积、高分辨率竞争发展为色彩竞争。由于这种原因，最近对具有优异色彩的显示器制造方面的竞争呈上升趋势。
液晶显示装置(liquid crystal display，LCD)是利用液晶(liquid crystal)的光学特性来显示图像，但由于显示图像的液晶面板自身为不能发光的非发光型元件，因此液晶显示装置具有包含液晶面板与在其背面配置的向液晶面板供给光的背光单元(back-light unit)的结构。
这种液晶显示装置不会使背光单元所提供的光全部透射过去，因此面板的亮度非常重要。为了提高面板的亮度，开发并使用各种膜，作为其代表性例子有反射偏光膜。
所述反射偏光膜通常为低折射率的层和高折射率的层交替层压的多层膜形态，所述多层膜是通过层间的干涉来引起选择性地反射及/或透射特定波长的光的光学干涉。已知充分进行这种层压，使其达到数十层到数百层以上，并缓慢改变相邻层的厚度，则可以在所需要的波段中提高反射及/或偏光特性(参见韩国公开专利第1997-0700585号及国际公开第WO1995-017303号)。
然而，为UHD播放而改变画质规范的实际情况下，使用反射偏光膜时能够改善亮度方面，但是在色纯度方面还需要其它解决方案。尤其是需要一种能够最小化亮度损失且能够使色纯度跨越性地提高至作为新规范水平的UHD播放水平的新技术。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种液晶显示装置，其通过最大限度地透射从光源发出的纯RGB波长，并阻断RGB波长以外的不必要的波长，从而能够极大化地提高液晶显示装置的色纯度且最大限度地增大亮度。
技术方案
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供液晶显示装置，其特征在于，其包含背光单元及液晶面板；所述背光单元依次包含反射偏光膜、棱镜片、扩散片、导光板及反射板中的两种以上；所述反射偏光膜包含吸收染料，其中所述吸收染料包含羟基苯并三唑类及四氮杂卟啉类染料。
发明的效果
根据本发明，将包含羟基苯并三唑类及四氮杂卟啉类染料的吸收染料导入到反射偏光膜中，从而最大限度地透射从光源发出的纯RGB波长，并阻断RGB波长以外的不必要的波长而提高色域(gamut)，由此能够制造出亮度及色纯度得到极大化提高的液晶显示装置。
附图说明
图1为示出本发明一具体实施方式的液晶显示装置结构的模式图。
图2a至图2e为分别示出反射偏光膜(图2a及图2b)、水平棱镜片(图2c)、扩散片(图2d)及反射板(图2e)的结构的模式图。
图3至图17分别为实施例1-1至实施例3-6及比较例1和比较例2的液晶显示装置的发光光谱的图。
图18为实施例3-1至实施例3-6的液晶显示装置的根据左右视角的色移(shift)测定结果。
附图标记说明
10：液晶面板 101：上偏光板 102：第一粘附层
103：液晶单元 104：第二粘附层 105：下偏光板
20：背光单元 201：反射偏光膜
202：水平棱镜片 203：垂直棱镜片
204：扩散片 205：导光板
206：反射板 201A及201B：反射偏光膜
201A-1：第一聚酯层 201A-2：第一粘附层
201A-3及201B-3：芯层 201A-4：第二粘附层
201A-5：第二聚酯层 201A-6：背面珠层
201B-1：扩散珠层 201B-2：扩散涂层
201B-4：粘附层 201B-5：聚酯层
201B-6：背面珠层 202-1：棱镜图案层
202-2：棱镜片基材 202-3：背面涂层
202-4：第三珠 204-1：第一珠
204-2：扩散涂层 204-3：扩散片基材
204-4：隐蔽涂层 204-5：第二珠
206-1：第四珠 206-2：正面涂层
206-3：反射板基材
具体实施方式
本发明的液晶显示装置包含背光单元及液晶面板，其特征在于，所述背光单元依次包含反射偏光膜、棱镜片、扩散片、导光板及反射板中的两种以上；所述反射偏光膜包含吸收染料，其中所述吸收染料包含羟基苯并三唑类及四氮杂卟啉类染料。
图1中示出本发明一具体实施方式的液晶显示装置的结构。
参照图1，液晶面板10以依次层压的形态包含上偏光板101、第一粘附层102、液晶单元(liquid crystal cell)103、第二粘附层104及下偏光板105，背光单元20可以以依次层压的形态包含反射偏光膜201、水平棱镜片202、垂直棱镜片203、扩散片204、导光板205及反射板206。
参照图2a至图2e，图2a的反射偏光膜201A可以以依次层压的形态包含第一聚酯层201A-1、第一粘附层201A-2、芯层201A-3、第二粘附层201A-4、第二聚酯层201A-5及背面珠层201A-6。此外，图2b的反射偏光膜201B可以以依次层压的形态包含扩散珠层201B-1、扩散涂层201B-2、芯层201B-3、粘附层201B-4、聚酯层201B-5及背面珠层201B-6。此外，图2c的水平棱镜片202可以在棱镜片基材202-2的一面上具备棱镜图案层202-1，在相反面上可以具备具有第三珠202-4的背面涂层202-3。此外，垂直棱镜片203也可以具有与所述水平棱镜片202相同的层结构。进一步地，图2d的扩散片204可以在扩散片基材204-3的一面上具备具有第一珠204-1的扩散涂层204-2，在相反面上可以具备具有第二珠204-5的隐蔽涂层204-4。此外，图2e的反射板206可以在反射板基材206-3的一面上具备具有第四珠206-1的正面涂层206-2。
但是，本发明的液晶显示装置并不限定于上述结构，而是可以根据需要进行多种变形。
观察液晶显示装置的基本原理可知，从光源发出的光经过导光板被引导至液晶面板方向后，通过扩散片的同时向垂直于面的水平/垂直方向扩散，从而使得光亮度急剧下降，因此使从扩散片发出的光通过棱镜片，从而阻挡光从出光面正面以外的方向出去，并提高光定向性而缩小视角，由此能够增大向背光出光面正面方向的亮度。接着，使通过棱镜片(水平棱镜片及/或垂直棱镜片)的光通过反射偏光膜，从而通过光的回收利用(recycling)使亮度增大得到极大化。
根据本发明，所述背光单元依次包含反射偏光膜、棱镜片、扩散片、导光板及反射板中的两种以上，所述反射偏光膜包含吸收染料，其中所述吸收染料包含羟基苯并三唑类及四氮杂卟啉类染料。即，根据包含吸收染料的层的位置，亮度损失量会不同，而本发明的技术结构上的特征为，在背光单元结构层中，在离液晶面板近的反射偏光膜中设有包含吸收染料的层。
根据本发明的一具体实施方式，所述反射偏光膜依次包含第一聚酯层、第一粘附层、芯层、第二粘附层、第二聚酯层及背面珠层(图2a的201A结构)，所述第一聚酯层的一面或两面、所述芯层的一面或两面及所述第二聚酯层的一面或两面中的一个以上的位置上可以具有包含吸收染料的涂层，或者在所述第一粘附层内、第二粘附层内或两者中均可以包含吸收染料。
根据本发明的另一具体实施方式，所述反射偏光膜依次包含扩散珠层、扩散涂层、芯层、粘附层、聚酯层及背面珠层(图2b的201B结构)，所述芯层的一面或两面及所述聚酯层的一面或两面中的一个以上的位置上可以具有包含吸收染料的涂层，或者在所述扩散涂层内、粘附层内或两者中均可以包含吸收染料。
例如，含所述吸收染料的涂层及粘附层可以分别通过湿式涂布来形成。具体地，所述含吸收染料的涂层及粘附层的厚度可以为1～100μm、2～100μm、2～15μm或15～25μm。
所述含吸收染料的涂层可以包含粘合剂树脂，所述粘合剂树脂可例举如选自聚酯类、丙烯酸类、聚氨酯类、三聚氰胺类、聚乙烯醇类及恶唑啉类粘合剂树脂中的一种以上的树脂。具体地，所述粘合剂树脂可以为丙烯酸类粘合剂树脂。
所述含吸收染料的粘附层可以进一步包含减压性粘合剂。所述减压性粘合剂可例举如选自丙烯酸类、氨基甲酸乙酯类、环氧类及硅类粘合剂中的一种以上的粘合剂。具体地，所述减压性粘合剂可以为丙烯酸类粘合剂。
具体地，以含吸收染料的涂层或粘附层总重量为基准，所述吸收染料的含量可以为0.01～10重量％，优选可以为0.05～7重量％。
所述聚酯层可以为聚碳酸酯膜或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜。具体地，所述聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜可以为经过单轴拉伸或定向角得到控制的膜。
所述芯层可以为折射率不同的第一聚合物层和第二聚合物层交替层压形成而选择性地反射及透射特定波长范围的可见光的层压膜。例如，所述第一聚合物层和第二聚合物层可以相互直接接触来层压，或者通过介入附加的聚合物层来层压。具体地，所述层压可以为100～1,000层，更具体可以为300～500层。
所述第一聚合物层可以由通过拉伸而使折射率发生变化的聚酯组成。具体地，所述第一聚合物层可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜或聚对苯二甲酸萘二醇酯(polynaphthalene terephthalate)膜。
所述第二聚合物层可以由拉伸所引起的折射率变化较小的聚酯组成。具体地，所述第二聚合物层可以为共聚聚对苯二甲酸萘二醇酯膜。更具体地，所述共聚聚对苯二甲酸萘二醇酯可以由包含萘二羧酸及二甲基对苯二甲酸的二羧酸成分与包含乙二醇的二醇成分共聚合而成。
所述第一聚合物层和第二聚合物层分别可以具有0.05～0.5μm的厚度，具体可以具有0.05～0.3μm的厚度。第一聚合物层和第二聚合物层的厚度可以连续变化，也可以阶梯性地变化。
所述第一聚合物层沿着单轴拉伸(X轴方向)，从而在单轴拉伸方向(X轴方向)上具有高折射率，因此与第二聚合物层的折射率差会沿着拉伸方向变大。因此，所述第一聚合物层与第二聚合物层相互交替层压而形成的芯层可以对第一偏光的光具有反射特性。
另一方面，在膜面内，沿着垂直于所述单轴拉伸方向的另外的轴(Y轴方向)方向，第一聚合物层和第二聚合物层之间不会产生折射率差，因此所述芯层可以对第二偏光的光具有透射特性。
所述棱镜片可以为水平棱镜片、垂直棱镜片或它们组合的复合棱镜片。此外，所述棱镜片可以为包含多个半球形微透镜的片材。
所述吸收染料包含羟基苯并三唑(hydroxy benzotriazole)类及四氮杂卟啉(tetra aza porphyrin)类染料，还可以进一步包含吸收480～510nm或560～610nm的波段的染料。具体地，所述染料可以为选自花青(cyanine)类、吡咯次甲基(pyrrol methin)类、若丹明(rhodamin)类及硼二吡咯亚甲基(bor on dipyrromethene)类染料中的一种以上。更具体地，所述吸收染料可以为羟基苯并三唑类、花青类及四氮杂卟啉类染料的组合。
所述液晶面板可以依次包含上偏光板、第一粘附层、液晶单元、第二粘附层及下偏光板。
构成本发明的液晶显示装置的背光单元及液晶面板的各个结构层可以具有本领域中通常允许的材质、厚度、形态等，并且可以根据需要进行多种变形。
如上所述，本发明的包含含吸收染料的反射偏光膜的液晶显示装置可以最大限度地透射从光源发出的纯RGB波长，并阻断RGB波长以外的不必要的波长，从而可以提供得到提高的色域(gamut)(色纯度)及亮度。
实施例
下面，将通过下述实施例更详细地说明本发明。但是，下述实施例仅用于例示本发明，本发明的范围并不限定于此。
实施例1-1
混合25重量％的丙烯酸粘合剂树脂(综研化学株式会社(Soken)制造，GS1000)和75重量％的甲基乙基酮，从而制备溶液，然后以所述溶液100重量份计，添加0.05重量份的吸收染料(SK化学公司，SK-d593，主吸收波段：560～610nm)，从而制备含吸收染料的涂层组合物。
利用迈尔棒(mayer bar)在单轴拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膜(平均厚度：100μm，定向角：3°)的一面上涂布所述含吸收染料的涂层组合物，并进行干燥及固化而形成厚度为5μm的含吸收染料的涂层。之后，在单轴拉伸PET膜的另一面上粘合芯层，并在所述芯层的另一面上粘合普通PET膜(制造公司：SKC，产品名：V5400)。通过珠涂布法(beadcoating)对普通PET膜的另一面进行处理，使得背面珠层的雾度为35％，从而制造反射偏光膜(参见图2a)，并将所述反射偏光膜应用到背光单元(BLU)中。此外，所述BLU的结构为所述反射偏光膜、水平棱镜片、垂直棱镜片、扩散片、导光板及反射板依次层压的结构。
此外，使用上偏光板、第一粘附层、液晶单元、第二粘附层及下偏光板依次层压的结构的液晶面板来制造液晶显示装置(参见图1)。
实施例1-2
使用扩散珠层、扩散涂层、芯层、粘附层、聚酯层(普通PET膜，制造公司：SKC，产品名：V5400)及背面珠层依次层压的结构的反射偏光膜(参见图2b)，并在所述实施例1-1的含吸收染料的涂层组合物中，以所述溶液100重量份计，进一步添加15重量份的珠(制造公司：积水化学工业株式会社(Sekisui)，产品名：MBX-40)，将其作为扩散涂层(含吸收染料)和扩散珠层，除此之外，采用与实施例1-1相同的方法来制造液晶显示装置。
比较例1
除了没有添加吸收染料之外，制造与实施例1-1具有相同结构的液晶显示装置。
实验例1
利用辐射计(radiometer，CS-2000；美能达(Minolta))对所述实施例1-1、实施例1-2及比较例1的液晶显示装置进行光谱的变化及特性测定，并将其结果显示于表1及图3至图5中。色域是显示色彩再现面积。
表1
如表1及图3至图5中所示，与反射偏光膜中没有包含吸收染料的比较例1相比，包含吸收染料的实施例1-1及实施例1-2的液晶显示装置显示出得到提高的色纯度。
实施例2-1至实施例2-5
如下述表2中所示，吸收染料(SK化学公司，SK-d593)的使用量不同之外，采用与实施例1-2相同的方法来制造液晶显示装置。
表2
比较例2
除了没有添加吸收染料之外，制造与实施例2-1具有相同结构的液晶显示装置。
实验例2
采用与实验例1相同的方法对所述实施例2-1至实施例2-5及比较例2的液晶显示装置进行光谱的变化及特性测定，并将其结果显示于表3及图6至图11中。
表3
如表3及图6至图11中所示，吸收染料的使用量不同时，色纯度的提高水平会不同。由上述事实可知，通过调节吸收染料的使用量，使得其符合BLU特性，从而能够使液晶显示装置的亮度及色纯度特性得到极大化。
实施例3-1至实施例3～6
如图4中所示，除了调节背面珠层的珠含量(以溶液100重量份为基准)来改变背面珠层的雾度之外，采用与实施例1-2相同的方法来制造液晶显示装置。
表4
背面珠层的珠含量(重量份) 背面珠层的雾度(haze)
实施例3-1 1.2 56.6％
实施例3-2 1.0 46.4％
实施例3-3 0.7 30.4％
实施例3-4 0.5 22.6％
实施例3-5 0.3 14.4％
实施例3-6 0.1 5.2％
实验例3
采用与实验例1相同的方法对所述实施例3-1至实施例3-6及比较例2的液晶显示装置进行光谱的变化及特性测定，并将其结果显示在表5及图12至图17中。
此外，采用相同的方法来测定根据左右视角的色移(shift)，并将其结果显示在图18中。
表5
如表5及图12至图17所示，根据背面珠层的雾度水平，色域的水平会得到维持，亮度会得到提高。
此外，如图18所示，背面珠层的雾度水平不同时，根据左右视角的色移(shift)会不同，背面珠层的雾度越低(实施例3-6的情况)，则根据左右视角的色移会得到改善。由此可知，考虑到亮度损失及色移时，可根据应用来调整最佳条件。
因此可以确认，本发明的液晶显示装置最大限度地透射从光源发出的纯RGB波长，并阻断RGB波长以外的不必要的波长，从而提高色域，由此使得色纯度的提高及亮度得到极大化。

Claims (9)

1.液晶显示装置，其特征在于，其包含背光单元及液晶面板；所述背光单元依次包含反射偏光膜、棱镜片、扩散片、导光板及反射板中的两种以上；所述反射偏光膜包含吸收染料，其中所述吸收染料包含羟基苯并三唑类及四氮杂卟啉类染料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述反射偏光膜依次包含第一聚酯层、第一粘附层、芯层、第二粘附层、第二聚酯层及背面珠层；所述第一聚酯层的一面或两面、所述芯层的一面或两面及所述第二聚酯层的一面或两面中的一个以上的位置上具有包含吸收染料的涂层，或者在所述第一粘附层内、第二粘附层内或两者中均包含吸收染料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述反射偏光膜依次包含扩散珠层、扩散涂层、芯层、粘附层、聚酯层及背面珠层；所述芯层的一面或两面及所述聚酯层的一面或两面中的一个以上的位置上具有包含吸收染料的涂层，或者在所述扩散涂层内、粘附层内或两者中均包含吸收染料。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述芯层为折射率不同的第一聚合物层和第二聚合物层交替层压形成而选择性地反射及透射特定波长范围的可见光的层压膜。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述吸收染料进一步包含吸收480～510nm或560～610nm的波段的染料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述染料为选自花青类、吡咯次甲基类、若丹明类及硼二吡咯亚甲基类染料中的一种以上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述吸收染料为羟基苯并三唑类、花青类及四氮杂卟啉类染料的组合。
8.根据权利要求2或3所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，以含吸收染料的涂层或粘附层总重量为基准，所述吸收染料的含量为0.01～10重量％。
9.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶面板依次包含上偏光板、第一粘附层、液晶单元、第二粘附层及下偏光板。
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