CN107268088A - 一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法，先将竹子截断去掉竹节并剖成竹片，将竹片煮练、压碎，再将所得细丝浸入含有生物酶的溶液中脱胶，进行水洗，然后将所得竹原纤维漂白，采用改性剂进行密封熏蒸，最后将所得改性纤维水洗后经过烘干，得到高性能竹纤维；所述改性剂是水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液。本发明通过采用硫酸盐对竹片进行煮练、与混合生物酶脱胶进行结合，再进一步采用活性炭吸附漂白，有效去除竹材中的木质素、多戊糖、竹粉、果胶等杂质；然后采用水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液对竹原纤维熏蒸改性，有效提高了竹原纤维的弹性和抗菌性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织原料技术领域，具体涉及一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们环保和保健意识的不断增强，绿色生态纺织品越来越受到人们的青睐，以竹材为原料的竹纤维纺织品以其独特的性能开始受到人们的普遍关注。
竹纤维是从自然生长的竹子中提取出的纤维素纤维，继棉、麻、毛、丝后的第五大天然纤维。竹纤维按其来源分为天然竹纤维和化学竹纤维。天然竹纤维主要是竹原纤维。竹原纤维是采用物理、化学相结合的方法制取的天然竹纤维。竹原纤维具有良好的透气性、瞬间吸水性、较强的耐磨性和良好的染色性等特性，具有天然抗菌、抑菌、除螨、防臭和抗紫外线功能。
竹原纤维是采用物理方法进行加工制成，不添加任何化学试剂，为100％的天然纤维；但是，如何使其在保持天然的抗菌、抑菌、防螨、防臭和抗紫外线的功能的同时提高杀菌能力，并解决其存在的湿强度不够、下水发硬、织物易变形的缺点，是扩大竹原纤维在纺织领域应用的首要问题。
发明内容
解决的技术问题：本发明的目的是解决现有竹原纤维存在的细度、强度、保水率和回潮率的缺点，提供一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法。
技术方案：一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将竹子截断去掉竹节并剖成竹片，再将竹片煮练、压碎，得到细丝；
步骤2，将步骤1所得细丝浸入含有生物酶的溶液中脱胶，再进行水洗，得到竹原纤维；
步骤3，将步骤2所得竹原纤维漂白，再采用改性剂进行密封熏蒸，得到改性纤维；
步骤4，将步骤3所得改性纤维水洗后经过烘干，得到高性能竹纤维；
所述改性剂是水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液，其中水溶性壳聚糖的浓度为5-10wt.％、蚕丝蛋白的浓度为3-8wt.％、海藻酸钠的浓度为4-12wt.％、表面活性剂2-5wt.％。
进一步地，步骤1中所述煮练的温度为95-105℃、时间为3-6h、压力为0.5-0.8MPa。
进一步地，步骤1中所述煮练是在3-5wt.％硫化钠、2-4wt.％亚硫酸钠和2-4wt.％氢氧化钠的水溶液中进行。
进一步地，步骤2中所述生物酶是由果胶酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶按重量比2-3:3-4:1-2混合组成。
进一步地，步骤2中细丝与含有生物酶的溶液的质量体积比为100g:500-1000mL；含有生物酶的溶液中生物酶的浓度为4-8wt.％。
进一步地，步骤3中所述漂白是将竹原纤维置于活性炭的水溶液中进行加热保温。
进一步地，所述活性炭的用量为4-7g/L，加热温度为70-85℃、时间为30-40min。
进一步地，步骤3中所述熏蒸的温度为95-105℃、时间为4-10h、压力为0.3-0.5MPa。
有益效果：本发明通过采用硫酸盐对竹片进行煮练、与混合生物酶脱胶进行结合，再进一步采用活性炭吸附漂白，有效去除竹材中的木质素、多戊糖、竹粉、果胶等杂质；然后采用水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液对竹原纤维熏蒸改性，有效提高了竹原纤维的弹性和抗菌性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将竹子截断去掉竹节并剖成竹片，再将竹片在3wt.％硫化钠、2wt.％亚硫酸钠和2wt.％氢氧化钠的水溶液中进行煮练、压碎，得到细丝；
步骤2，将步骤1所得细丝100g浸入500mL含有8wt.％生物酶的溶液中脱胶，再进行水洗，得到竹原纤维；
步骤3，将步骤2所得竹原纤维置于活性炭的水溶液中加热保温进行漂白，再采用改性剂进行密封熏蒸，得到改性纤维；
步骤4，将步骤3所得改性纤维水洗后经过烘干，得到高性能竹纤维；
所述改性剂是水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液，其中水溶性壳聚糖的浓度为5wt.％、蚕丝蛋白的浓度为3wt.％、海藻酸钠的浓度为4wt.％、表面活性剂2wt.％。
其中，步骤1中所述煮练的温度为95℃、时间为6h、压力为0.5MPa；步骤2中所述生物酶是由果胶酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶按重量比2:3:1混合组成步骤3中活性炭的用量为4g/L，加热温度为70℃、时间为40min；步骤3中所述熏蒸的温度为95℃、时间为10h、压力为0.3MPa。
实施例2
一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将竹子截断去掉竹节并剖成竹片，再将竹片在4wt.％硫化钠、2wt.％亚硫酸钠和3wt.％氢氧化钠的水溶液中进行煮练、压碎，得到细丝；
步骤2，将步骤1所得细丝100g浸入700mL含有6wt.％生物酶的溶液中脱胶，再进行水洗，得到竹原纤维；
步骤3，将步骤2所得竹原纤维置于活性炭的水溶液中加热保温进行漂白，再采用改性剂进行密封熏蒸，得到改性纤维；
步骤4，将步骤3所得改性纤维水洗后经过烘干，得到高性能竹纤维；
所述改性剂是水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液，其中水溶性壳聚糖的浓度为7wt.％、蚕丝蛋白的浓度为5wt.％、海藻酸钠的浓度为8wt.％、表面活性剂3wt.％。
其中，步骤1中所述煮练的温度为100℃、时间为4h、压力为0.7MPa；步骤2中所述生物酶是由果胶酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶按重量比2:4:1混合组成步骤3中活性炭的用量为5g/L，加热温度为80℃、时间为30min；步骤3中所述熏蒸的温度为100℃、时间为7h、压力为0.4MPa。
实施例3
一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将竹子截断去掉竹节并剖成竹片，再将竹片在5wt.％硫化钠、4wt.％亚硫酸钠和4wt.％氢氧化钠的水溶液中进行煮练、压碎，得到细丝；
步骤2，将步骤1所得细丝100g浸入600mL含有6wt.％生物酶的溶液中脱胶，再进行水洗，得到竹原纤维；
步骤3，将步骤2所得竹原纤维置于活性炭的水溶液中加热保温进行漂白，再采用改性剂进行密封熏蒸，得到改性纤维；
步骤4，将步骤3所得改性纤维水洗后经过烘干，得到高性能竹纤维；
所述改性剂是水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液，其中水溶性壳聚糖的浓度为8wt.％、蚕丝蛋白的浓度为7wt.％、海藻酸钠的浓度为9wt.％、表面活性剂4wt.％。
其中，步骤1中所述煮练的温度为95℃、时间为6h、压力为0.5MPa；步骤2中所述生物酶是由果胶酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶按重量比2:3:1混合组成步骤3中活性炭的用量为4g/L，加热温度为70℃、时间为40min；步骤3中所述熏蒸的温度为95℃、时间为10h、压力为0.3MPa。
实施例4
一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将竹子截断去掉竹节并剖成竹片，再将竹片在5wt.％硫化钠、4wt.％亚硫酸钠和2wt.％氢氧化钠的水溶液中进行煮练、压碎，得到细丝；
步骤2，将步骤1所得细丝100g浸入1000mL含有4wt.％生物酶的溶液中脱胶，再进行水洗，得到竹原纤维；
步骤3，将步骤2所得竹原纤维置于活性炭的水溶液中加热保温进行漂白，再采用改性剂进行密封熏蒸，得到改性纤维；
步骤4，将步骤3所得改性纤维水洗后经过烘干，得到高性能竹纤维；
所述改性剂是水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液，其中水溶性壳聚糖的浓度为10wt.％、蚕丝蛋白的浓度为8wt.％、海藻酸钠的浓度为12wt.％、表面活性剂5wt.％。
其中，步骤1中所述煮练的温度为105℃、时间为3h、压力为0.8MPa；步骤2中所述生物酶是由果胶酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶按重量比2:3:1混合组成步骤3中活性炭的用量为7g/L，加热温度为85℃、时间为30min；步骤3中所述熏蒸的温度为105℃、时间为4h、压力为0.5MPa。
按GB/T 20944-2008、GB/T12411.3-90、GB5886-86、GB5889-86对实施例1至4所得纤维进行性能测试，结果如下：
由上表可知，本发明制得的竹纤维，不仅具有良好的抗菌效果，而且具有优异的强度和弹性。
Claims (8)
1.一种高性能竹纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将竹子截断去掉竹节并剖成竹片，再将竹片煮练、压碎，得到细丝；
步骤2，将步骤1所得细丝浸入含有生物酶的溶液中脱胶，再进行水洗，得到竹原纤维；
步骤3，将步骤2所得竹原纤维漂白，再采用改性剂进行密封熏蒸，得到改性纤维；
步骤4，将步骤3所得改性纤维水洗后经过烘干，得到高性能竹纤维；
所述改性剂是水溶性壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白、海藻酸钠、表面活性剂的混合水溶液，其中水溶性壳聚糖的浓度为5-10wt.%、蚕丝蛋白的浓度为3-8wt.%、海藻酸钠的浓度为4-12wt.%、表面活性剂2-5wt.%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高性能竹纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1中所述煮练的温度为95-105℃、时间为3-6h、压力为0.5-0.8MPa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高性能竹纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1中所述煮练是在3-5wt.%硫化钠、2-4wt.%亚硫酸钠和2-4wt.%氢氧化钠的水溶液中进行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高性能竹纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中所述生物酶是由果胶酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶按重量比2-3:3-4:1-2混合组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高性能竹纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中细丝与含有生物酶的溶液的质量体积比为100g:500-1000mL；含有生物酶的溶液中生物酶的浓度为4-8wt.%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高性能竹纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中所述漂白是将竹原纤维置于活性炭的水溶液中进行加热保温。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高性能竹纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：所述活性炭的用量为4-7g/L，加热温度为70-85℃、时间为30-40min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高性能竹纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中所述熏蒸的温度为95-105℃、时间为4-10h、压力为0.3-0.5MPa。
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| CN108951147A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-07 | 江志清 | 应用生物复合材料改良纤维的方法 |
| CN111394802A (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-10 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | 一种模塑成型复合材料用长竹纤维的制备方法 |
| CN113389046A (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-09-14 | 百事基材料（青岛）股份有限公司 | 含咖啡活性成分的麻大生物纤维及其制备方法 |
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| CN108951147A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-07 | 江志清 | 应用生物复合材料改良纤维的方法 |
| CN111394802A (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-10 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | 一种模塑成型复合材料用长竹纤维的制备方法 |
| CN113389046A (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-09-14 | 百事基材料（青岛）股份有限公司 | 含咖啡活性成分的麻大生物纤维及其制备方法 |
| CN116512370A (zh) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-08-01 | 四川工商职业技术学院 | 一种具有防霉抗菌功能的竹粉及其制备方法 |
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