WO2021068309A1 - 一种纺织用鲜花纤维长丝的制备及应用 - Google Patents

一种纺织用鲜花纤维长丝的制备及应用 Download PDF

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WO2021068309A1
WO2021068309A1 PCT/CN2019/114943 CN2019114943W WO2021068309A1 WO 2021068309 A1 WO2021068309 A1 WO 2021068309A1 CN 2019114943 W CN2019114943 W CN 2019114943W WO 2021068309 A1 WO2021068309 A1 WO 2021068309A1
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fresh flower
fiber
spinning
flower fiber
petals
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PCT/CN2019/114943
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李滨
季卫坤
吴美燕
崔球
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中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所
北京麻世纪流行面料研发有限公司
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Publication of WO2021068309A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021068309A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/20—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres
    • D10B2201/22—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres made from cellulose solutions

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of materials, and relates to a method for preparing textile fibers, in particular to a method for directly preparing fiber filaments from fresh flower fibers.
  • Nanofiber is a macromolecular polysaccharide composed of glucose linked by ⁇ -1,4 glycosidic bonds, which is widely found in plants. It is the most abundant renewable resource in the world.
  • plant fibers can be prepared into nanofibers with a diameter between 1-100nm. Because of their large specific surface area, high reactivity, good thermal stability, and good mechanical strength, nanofibers are compounding Material enhancement, rheological modification, medical dressings, drug slow-release carriers, high-quality packaging materials, optoelectronic device development and other fields have a wide range of applications. At present, there is no report on the use of nano-sized fibers to prepare fresh flower fibers for textile use in the textile industry.
  • the plant cellulose used in this technology is regenerated cellulose, not only the extraction and preparation process is complicated, but also the consumption of chemicals is high, especially a large amount of alkali and sodium disulfide are used, and the fiber purification process also requires multiple bleaching treatments. .
  • due to the use of carbon disulfide in the production process of viscose fiber there are serious hidden dangers of pollution and production safety problems, and it is a production process that is gradually declining in the world.
  • the production of filaments mainly uses N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) to dissolve cellulose and then regenerate.
  • NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
  • the method described in this application requires a complicated component extraction process, and the fiber can only be reused after being dissolved, and only part of the components in the fiber can be used, which not only increases the process cost, but also causes the waste of other components in the fiber.
  • the crystalline form of cellulose changes from cellulose I to cellulose II during the regeneration process, which is no longer the original crystalline structure of natural cellulose.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing fresh flower filaments for weaving.
  • the preparation method is not only simple in process, clean in preparation process, and mild in conditions, without the need to dissolve and regenerate the fiber, but also realizes full-component spinning of plant petals, so the obtained fresh flower fiber filament has the natural fragrance of fresh flowers. It can be directly used or blended with other fiber materials to prepare high-end fabrics and fabrics, which helps to significantly enhance the commercial value of the product.
  • the petals Take an appropriate amount of petals and use a hydraulic pulper or a disc mill to initially crush them to obtain a slurry-like dispersion; subject the dispersion to high-pressure homogenization to obtain a fresh flower fiber dispersion.
  • the diameter of the fresh flower fiber in the dispersion is 2-60nm.
  • the proper fiber diameter ensures that the spinneret holes are not blocked during spinning, while also ensuring the strength of the fiber.
  • the petals are fresh petals of plants or wet petals with essential oil and pigment; the homogenization pressure of the high-pressure homogenization treatment is 100 bar-900 bar, and the homogenization is 5-20 times. Studies have found that fresh petals have high water content and the cellulose in the petals has a weak binding force.
  • the nanofiber can be processed by high-pressure homogenization.
  • the plants include, but are not limited to, roses, lilies, carnations, chrysanthemums, sunflowers, violets, peony, peony, rose and the like.
  • the functional additives are one or more of sodium alginate, natural guar gum, spider silk protein, silk protein, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, graphene and surface carboxylated nanocellulose. kind.
  • the dosage of the functional additives is 1%-80% of the absolute dry mass of the petals.
  • the spinning solvent is deionized water, acetic acid aqueous solution, eutectic solvent or formic acid aqueous solution.
  • the coagulation bath is one or more of deionized water, calcium chloride solution, sodium sulfate solution, sodium hydroxide solution, absolute ethanol, isopropanol, borax aqueous solution and acetone.
  • the application of the above-mentioned textile flower fiber filaments can be used for the preparation of fabrics or fabrics.
  • the method for preparing the fabric or fabric includes: (1) direct spinning of fresh flower fiber filaments and (2) blending of the fresh flower fiber filaments with other fiber materials.
  • the preparation principle of the fresh flower fiber filament for textile (1) After the fresh flower fiber dispersion is compounded with functional additives, physical entanglement, adsorption or cross-linking will occur between the fiber and the molecular chain of the additives to obtain the spinning fiber Dispersion; (2) The fiber dispersion system for spinning is insoluble in the coagulation domain system, or can be further cross-linked with ions in the coagulation domain system to coagulate into a fibrous shape.
  • the difference from the traditional spinning process is that the traditional spinning dope is a fiber solution in a completely dissolved state, and the spinning solution in this application is a fiber dispersion for spinning.
  • the fresh flower fiber filament for textile provided by the present invention realizes the full-component wet spinning of petals for the first time.
  • the preparation process is simple, the conditions are mild (the whole process is normal temperature and pressure), and there is no pollution. cost.
  • the fresh flower fiber filament for textile use of the present invention eliminates the cellulose purification step, and solves the problem that the fiber needs to be dissolved and regenerated in the traditional preparation method. Therefore, the natural primary crystal of cellulose is maintained in the final product. Type, its ingredients are closer to natural.
  • the obtained silk thread has the natural aromatic smell and color in the petals, and can be directly used for spinning or blending with other fiber materials.
  • the preparation of high value-added fabrics and fabrics; this will certainly have an important impact in the fields of textiles, garments and arts and crafts processing.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the rosette fiber preparation in Example 1.
  • Figure 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of the rose flower dispersion in Example 1.
  • Fig. 3 is the red rose fiber obtained in Example 1.
  • Fig. 5 is the lily flower fiber obtained in Example 2.
  • Fig. 6 is the white rose fiber obtained in Example 6.
  • Fig. 7 is the peony flower fiber collected by the reel in Example 7.
  • the spinning solution is poured into a coagulation bath (5% calcium chloride solution), and the obtained flower fiber filaments are collected by a reel, and the red rose flower fiber can be obtained after air drying.
  • a coagulation bath 5% calcium chloride solution
  • Figure 3 is the obtained red rose fiber.
  • the breaking stress of the red rose fiber is 15.3KPa.
  • the fiber is blended with long cotton wool in a ratio of 1:2 to obtain a fabric with the smell of roses.
  • the flower fiber dispersion is compounded with natural guar gum in water; wherein the quality of the guar gum accounts for 50% of the absolute dry weight of the flower fiber, and the concentration of the spinning solution after preparation is 3%.
  • the spinning solution is poured into a coagulation bath (1wt% borax solution), and the obtained floral fiber filaments are collected by a reel, and the lily fiber can be obtained after air drying.
  • a coagulation bath (1wt% borax solution)
  • the obtained floral fiber filaments are collected by a reel, and the lily fiber can be obtained after air drying.
  • the process of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 4, and Fig. 5 is the lily fiber obtained in this embodiment.
  • the breaking stress of the lily fiber is 42.1KPa.
  • the fiber and the bamboo fiber are blended at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a fabric with the smell of lily.
  • the spinning solution is poured into a coagulation bath (5% sodium hydroxide + 0.5% sodium sulfate solution, or pure water), and the obtained floral fiber filaments are collected by a reel, and the carnation floral fiber can be obtained after air drying.
  • a coagulation bath 5% sodium hydroxide + 0.5% sodium sulfate solution, or pure water
  • the breaking stress of the carnation flower fiber is 9.8KPa.
  • the fiber and the hemp fiber are blended at a ratio of 1:4 to obtain a fabric with a carnation floral scent; in addition, the use of chitosan makes the floral fiber have a certain antibacterial property (antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli>80%).
  • the flower fiber dispersion is compounded with the spider silk protein in 98 wt% formic acid; the weight of the spider silk protein accounts for 25% of the absolute dry weight of the flower fiber, and the concentration of the spinning solution after preparation is 10%.
  • the mixed solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours.
  • the spinning solution was poured into a coagulation bath (saturated sodium sulfate solution), and the obtained floral fiber filaments were collected by a reel, and chrysanthemum fiber was obtained after infrared drying.
  • a coagulation bath saturated sodium sulfate solution
  • the breaking stress of the chrysanthemum fiber is 135.2KPa.
  • the fiber and fine wool are blended at a ratio of 5:1 to obtain a fabric with a scent of chrysanthemum flowers.
  • the floral fiber has a large breaking stress and can be directly made into fabrics and fabrics without blending.
  • the spinning solution is poured into a coagulation bath (calcium chloride solution of acetone, acetone to water mass ratio 1:3), and the obtained flower fiber filaments are collected by a reel, and the sunflower flower fiber can be obtained after infrared drying.
  • a coagulation bath calcium chloride solution of acetone, acetone to water mass ratio 1:3
  • the breaking stress of the peony flower fiber is 11.7KPa.
  • the fiber is blended with coarse wool at a ratio of 2:1 to obtain a fabric with a scent of peony.
  • the breaking stress of the peony flower fiber is 127.2KPa.
  • the fiber and silk are blended at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a fabric or fabric with the scent of peony flowers and a certain degree of fire resistance and flame retardancy.
  • the floral fiber has a large breaking stress and can be directly made into fabrics and fabrics with fire-resistant and flame-retardant properties without blending.
  • the fresh flower fiber filaments described in this application can be prepared by using plant petals as raw materials, through preliminary crushing and homogenizing treatment, compounding with functional additives, and spinning in a coagulation bath.
  • the breaking stress of the prepared fresh flower fiber filament is almost the same as that of the plant fiber filament prepared by the prior art; but compared with the prior art, the fresh flower fiber filament omits the cellulose purification process and does not require much.
  • the cellulose is dissolved and recycled, which simplifies the production process; and realizes the full-component spinning of plant petals, so that the flower fiber filament has the natural fragrance and color of flowers, which will surely be favored by textiles and other related industries.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

一种纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，通过下述方法制备得到：(1)取适量花瓣，初步破碎得到浆状的分散液；然后高压均质处理，得到鲜花纤维分散液；(2)将鲜花纤维分散液加入到纺丝溶剂中后，再加入功能性助剂，使其与鲜花纤维分散液复配，得到纺丝用的纤维分散液；(3)纺丝用的纤维分散液脱气处理，采用纺丝机将其注入凝固浴中，用卷轴收集并干燥，得到鲜花纤维长丝。首次实现了花瓣的全组分湿法纺丝，制备过程简单、条件温和、无污染，降低了纤维长丝制备的成本；此外，最终产品保持了纤维素的天然原生晶型，还具有花瓣中的天然芳香气味和色泽。综上可知，所述鲜花纤维长丝将具有广阔的市场应用前景和巨大的经济价值。

Description

一种纺织用鲜花纤维长丝的制备及应用 技术领域
本发明属于材料领域，涉及一种纺织用纤维的制备方法，具体涉及采用鲜花纤维直接制备纤维长丝的方法。
背景技术
“试问卷帘人，却道海棠依旧。知否，知否，应是绿肥红瘦。”从古至今，鲜花总是文人骚客争相咏颂的对象；皆因鲜花的确令人心旷神怡，心情愉悦。除了具有观赏价值，由于花朵中富含碳水化合物、蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质元素等，随着科学技术的发展，鲜花的用途也越来越广泛。目前，对鲜花应用方面的研究主要集中在装饰品、化妆品、食品、药品等领域中(AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center,2012,Publication No.12-758)；而这些用途通常是通过直接食用或组分提取后再利用的方法来实现。此外，由于植物花瓣的干物质中含有约10-50％的纤维素，充分利用花瓣中的纤维素制备具有高附加值的产品，为花卉的深加工和花卉产业链的拓展提供了新的方向，具有重要的实际意义。
纤维素是在植物中广泛存在的由葡萄糖通过β-1,4糖苷键链接组成的大分子多糖，是世界上最丰富的可再生资源。通过纳米技术处理可以将植物纤维制备成直径在1-100nm之间纳米化的纤维，由于其具有比表面积大、反应活性高、热稳定性好、机械强度好等优点，纳米化的纤维在复合材料增强、流变改性、医用敷料、药物缓释载体、高品质包装材料、光电器件开发等领域有着广泛的应用。目前，在纺织行业中利用纳米化的纤维制备纺织用鲜花纤维尚未有报道。
目前，在纺织行业中利用植物纤维有两种方式：(1)将去掉杂质的天然棉、麻纤维等直接捻成线后织布利用，但这种方式只能选用天然纤维纯度较高、纤维较长的纤维原料；(2)将植物中的天然纤维素(木材、竹子、龙须草等)提取出来(Cellulose,Wu et al.2019,26,2087-2097)，经过溶解、再生后成丝利用，其中又包括粘胶纤维(Viscose纤维)工艺和长丝(Lyocell纤维)工艺。但这种技术利用的植物纤维素均为再生纤维素，不但提取和制备过程复杂，而且化学药品消耗较多，特别是要用到大量的碱和二硫化钠，纤维提纯过程还需要多段漂白处理。其中，粘胶纤维的生产过程中由于二硫化碳的使用，存在严重的污染隐患和生产安全问题，属于国际上逐步没落的生产工艺。而长丝的生产主要是用N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)溶解纤维素后再生，与粘胶纤维工艺相比，过程较为清洁，但仍然需要纤维素提纯处理(包括碱处理和漂白等)；而且NMMO溶剂的回收利用成本较高。在花纤维做 纺织面料方面，发明专利201610596125.4公开了“一种纯天然花香麻面料的制备方法”，该申请首先从植物花朵中提取纤维素，制得花朵纤维原液；然后将所述花朵纤维原液制成纺丝纤维，制得花香纺丝纤维；最后将所述花香纺丝纤维与亚麻纤维按照一定混纺比例进行混纺，制得纯天然花香麻面料。该申请所述的方法需要复杂的组分提取过程，纤维要溶解后再生才能利用，而且只能利用纤维中的部分组分，不仅增加了过程成本，也造成了纤维中其它成分的浪费。此外，再生过程中纤维素的晶型由纤维素I型转变为纤维素II型，已经不是天然纤维素本来的晶型结构。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种纺织用鲜花长丝的制备方法。所述制备方法不但工艺简单、制备过程清洁、条件温和，不需要将纤维溶解、再生后利用，而且实现了植物花瓣的全组分纺丝，因此得到的鲜花纤维长丝具有鲜花天然芳香气味，可直接利用或与其它纤维材料混纺制备高档织物和面料，有助于显著提升产品的商业价值。
本发明的技术方案：一种纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，通过下述方法制备得到：
(1)取适量花瓣，采用水力碎浆机或盘磨初步破碎，得到浆状的分散液；将分散液进行高压均质处理，得到鲜花纤维分散液，所述分散液中鲜花纤维的直径为2-60nm。合适的纤维直径保证了纺丝时不堵喷丝孔，同时还保证了纤维的强度。所述的花瓣为植物的新鲜花瓣或者提过精油和色素的湿花瓣；所述高压均质处理的均质压力100bar-900bar，均质5-20次。研究发现，新鲜花瓣水分含量高，花瓣中的纤维素本身结合力较弱，通过高压均质的方式可实现纤维的纳米化处理。
其中，所述的植物包括但不仅限于为玫瑰、百合、康乃馨、菊花、向日葵、紫罗兰、牡丹、芍药和月季等。
(2)将鲜花纤维分散液加入到纺丝溶剂中后，再加入功能性助剂，使其与鲜花纤维分散液复配，纤维与助剂分子链之间产生物理缠绕、吸附或交联，得到浓度为3％-15wt％的纺丝用的纤维分散液。所述的功能性助剂为海藻酸钠、天然瓜尔胶、蛛丝蛋白、蚕丝蛋白、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖、石墨烯和表面羧基化的纳米纤维素中的一种或几种。所述功能性助剂的用量为花瓣绝干质量的1％-80％。所述的纺丝溶剂为去离子水、醋酸水溶液、低共熔溶剂或甲酸水溶液。
(3)凝固浴成丝：纺丝用的纤维分散液脱气处理，避免气泡存在导致的成丝不均匀、容易断裂；然后采用纺丝机将其注入凝固浴中，用卷轴收集并干燥，即可得到鲜花纤维长丝。所述的凝固浴为去离子水、氯化钙溶液、硫酸钠溶液、氢氧化钠溶液、无水乙醇、异丙醇、硼砂水溶液和丙酮中的一种或几种。
如上所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝的应用，可以用于织物或面料的制备。所述织物或者面料制备的方法包括：(1)采用鲜花纤维长丝直接纺织得到和(2)将所述鲜花纤维长丝和其他纤维材料混纺得到。
纺织用鲜花纤维长丝的制备原理：(1)鲜花纤维分散液与功能性助剂复配后，纤维与助剂分子链之间会产生物理缠绕、吸附或交联，得到纺丝用的纤维分散液；(2)所述纺丝用的纤维分散液体系不溶于凝固域体系，或者是能够与凝固域体系中的离子发生进一步的交联而凝固成纤维状。与传统的纺丝工艺截然不同的是，传统纺丝原液是完全溶解状态的纤维溶液，本申请中的纺丝液则是纺丝用的纤维分散液。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝首次实现了花瓣的全组分湿法纺丝，制备过程简单、条件温和(全程常温常压)、无污染，大大降低了纤维长丝制备的成本。
(2)本发明所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，省掉了纤维素提纯的步骤，解决了传统制备方法中纤维需要溶解、再生的问题，因此最终产品中保持了纤维素的天然原生晶型，其成分更贴近天然。
(3)由于所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝实现了花瓣的“全组分”纺丝，因此得到的丝线具有花瓣中的天然芳香气味和色泽，可以直接用于纺织或与其它纤维材料混纺，制备高附加值的织物和面料；这必将在纺织服装和工艺艺术品加工等领域产生重要的影响。
附图说明
附图1是实施例1中的玫瑰花纤维制备流程图。
附图2是实施例1中的玫瑰花分散液的透射电镜图。
附图3是实施例1中得到的红玫瑰花纤维。
附图4是实施例2中百合花纤维的制备流程图。
附图5是实施例2中得到的百合花纤维。
附图6是实施例6中得到的白玫瑰花纤维。
附图7是实施例7中卷轴收集到的牡丹花纤维。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。以下通过具体实施实例进一步描述本方法的可行性，但并不意味着本发明局限于这些实例。
实施例1：
取一定质量的新鲜红玫瑰花瓣，加入相当于花瓣绝干重量的1倍的去离子水，浸泡10min后，将其倒入粉碎机中，在转速为200rpm条件下破碎花瓣30min，得到浆状的分散液。然 后将分散液倒入高压均质机中，在100bar下均质20次，即可得到纳米化的花纤维分散液(图2)。将花纤维分散液与海藻酸钠在水中复配；其中，海藻酸钠质量占花纤维绝干质量的5％，配制后的纺丝液浓度为3％。真空脱气后将纺丝溶液注入凝固浴(5％的氯化钙溶液)中，利用卷轴收集得到的花纤维长丝，风干后即可得到红玫瑰花纤维。本实施例流程如图1所示，图3为得到的红玫瑰花纤维。
通过丝线拉力机测试，红玫瑰花纤维的断裂应力为15.3KPa。将该纤维与长棉绒按1:2混纺后得到具有玫瑰花香气味的面料。
实施例2：
取一定质量的新鲜百合花花瓣，倒入粉碎机中，在转速为2000rpm条件下破碎1min，得到浆状的分散液。然后将分散液倒入高压均质机中，在900bar下均质5次，即可得到纳米化的花纤维分散液。将花纤维分散液与天然瓜尔胶在水中复配；其中，瓜尔胶质量占花纤维绝干质量的50％，配制后的纺丝液浓度为3％。超声脱气后将纺丝溶液注入凝固浴(1wt％的硼砂溶液)中，利用卷轴收集得到的花纤维长丝，风干后即可得到百合花纤维。本实施例的流程如图4所示，图5为本实施例得到的百合花纤维。
通过丝线拉力机测试，百合花纤维的断裂应力为42.1KPa。将该纤维与竹纤维按1:1混纺后得到具有百合花香气味的面料。
实施例3：
取一定质量的新鲜康乃馨花瓣，加入相当于花瓣绝干重量的10倍的去离子水，浸泡16min后，将其倒入粉碎机中，在转速为700rpm条件下破碎处理5min，得到浆状的分散液。然后将分散液倒入高压均质机中，在300bar下均质7次，即可得到纳米化的花纤维分散液。将花纤维分散液与壳聚糖在2％的醋酸水溶液中复配；其中，壳聚糖质量占花纤维绝干质量的80％，配制后的纺丝液浓度为5％。真空脱气后将纺丝溶液注入凝固浴(5％氢氧化钠+0.5％硫酸钠溶液，或者是纯水)中，利用卷轴收集得到的花纤维长丝，风干后即可得到康乃馨花纤维。
通过丝线拉力机测试，康乃馨花纤维的断裂应力为9.8KPa。将该纤维与麻纤维按1:4混纺后得到具有康乃馨花香气味的面料；此外，壳聚糖的使用使得该花纤维具有一定的抗菌性(对大肠杆菌的抗菌率>80％)。
实施例4：
取一定质量的新鲜百日菊花瓣，倒入粉碎机中，在转速为1500rpm条件下破碎处理3min，得到浆状的分散液。然后将分散液倒入高压均质机中，在200bar下均质9次，即可得到纳米化的花纤维分散液。将花纤维分散液与蛛丝蛋白在98wt％甲酸中复配；蛛丝蛋白质量占花纤维绝干质量的25％，配制后的纺丝液浓度为10％。混合液在室温下搅拌24h，真空脱气后将纺丝溶液注入凝固浴(饱和硫酸钠溶液)中，利用卷轴收集得到的花纤维长丝，红外干燥后即可得到菊花纤维。
通过丝线拉力机测试，菊花纤维的断裂应力为135.2KPa。将该纤维与细羊毛按5:1混纺后得到具有菊花花香气味的面料。该花纤维断裂应力大，可以不经过混纺直接做成织物和面料。
实施例5：
取一定质量的已提取过黄色素的向日葵花瓣，倒入粉碎机中，在转速为1800rpm条件下破碎处理5min，得到浆状的分散液。然后将分散液倒入高压均质机中，在600bar下均质6次，即可得到纳米化的花纤维分散液。将石墨烯、羧甲基纤维素与花纤维在水中复配；其中，石墨烯和羧甲基纤维素质量分别占花纤维绝干质量的1％和6％，配制后的纺丝液浓度为15％。真空脱气后将纺丝溶液注入凝固浴(丙酮的氯化钙溶液，丙酮与水质量比1：3)中，利用卷轴收集得到的花纤维长丝，红外干燥后即可得到向日葵花纤维。
通过丝线拉力机测试，向日葵花纤维的断裂应力为5.3KPa。将该纤维与粘胶纤维按1:5混纺后得到抗菌、保暖并具有保健作用的织物和面料。
实施例6：
取一定质量的已提取过玫瑰精油的白玫瑰花瓣，倒入机械盘磨中，在转速为1500rpm条件下破碎20秒，得到浆状的分散液。然后将分散液倒入高压均质机中，在400bar下均质5次，即可得到花纤维分散液。将花纤维分散液与海藻酸钠在水中复配；其中，海藻酸钠质量占花纤维绝干质量的80％，配制后的纺丝液浓度为15％。超声脱气后将纺丝溶液注入凝固浴(5％氯化钙溶液)中，利用卷轴收集得到的花纤维长丝，风干后即可得到白玫瑰花纤维(图6)。
通过丝线拉力机测试，白玫瑰花纤维的断裂应力为42.1KPa。将该纤维与棉绒按1:1混纺后得到高附加值的纯天然高分子面料。
实施例7：
取一定质量的新鲜牡丹花瓣，加入相当于花瓣绝干重量的2倍的去离子水，浸泡12min后，将其倒入粉碎机中，在转速为1500rpm条件下破碎处理2min，得到浆状的分散液。然后将分散液倒入高压均质机中，在500bar下均质8次，即可得到纳米化的花纤维分散液。将花纤维分散液与表面羧基化的纳米纤维素在水中复配；其中，表面羧基化的纳米纤维素质量占花纤维绝干质量的4％，配制后的纺丝液浓度为12％。超声脱气后将纺丝溶液注入凝固浴(氯化钙溶液，溶液是异丙醇与水质量比2：1)中，利用卷轴收集得到的花纤维长丝(图7)，风干后即可得到牡丹花纤维。
通过丝线拉力机测试，牡丹花纤维的断裂应力为11.7KPa。将该纤维与粗羊毛按2:1混纺后得到具有牡丹花香气味的面料。
实施例8：
取一定质量的新鲜芍药花瓣，加入相当于花瓣绝干重量的18倍的去离子水，浸泡26min后，将其倒入机械盘磨中，在转速为1300rpm条件下碎浆30秒，得到浆状的分散液。然后将分散液倒入高压均质机中，在800bar下均质15次，即可得到纳米化的花纤维分散液。将花纤维分散液与壳聚糖、硼砂在2％醋酸水溶液中复配；其中，壳聚糖与硼砂质量比为2:1，共占花纤维绝干质量的60％，配制后的纺丝液浓度为6％。真空脱气后将纺丝溶液注入凝固浴(去离子水)中，利用卷轴收集得到的花纤维长丝，热风干燥后即可得到芍药花纤维。
通过丝线拉力机测试，芍药花纤维的断裂应力为127.2KPa。将该纤维与蚕丝按1:1混纺后得到具有芍药花香气味并且具有一定耐火阻燃性的织物或面料。该花纤维断裂应力大，可以不经过混纺直接做成具有耐火阻燃性的织物和面料。
综上可知，本申请所述的鲜花纤维长丝，以植物花瓣为原料，通过初步破碎和均质处理、与功能性助剂复配、凝固浴纺丝即可制备得到。虽然制备得到的鲜花纤维长丝的断裂应力与现有技术制备的植物纤维长丝相差无几；但与现有技术相比，所述的鲜花纤维长丝省掉了纤维素提纯过程，更不需要将纤维素溶解、再生利用，简化了生产工艺；而且实现了植物花瓣的全组分纺丝，使得到鲜花纤维长丝具有鲜花天然芳香气味和色泽，必将得到纺织以及其他相关行业的青睐。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，其特征在于：通过下述方法制备得到：
    (1)取适量花瓣，初步破碎至浆状，得到分散液；将分散液进行高压均质处理，得到鲜花纤维分散液，所述分散液中鲜花纤维的直径为2-60nm；
    (2)将鲜花纤维分散液加入到纺丝溶剂后，再加入功能性助剂，使其与鲜花纤维分散液复配，得到纺丝用的纤维分散液；
    (3)将纺丝用的纤维分散液脱气处理，然后采用纺丝机将其注入凝固浴中，用卷轴收集并干燥，即可得到鲜花纤维长丝。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述的功能性助剂为海藻酸钠、天然瓜尔胶、蛛丝蛋白、蚕丝蛋白、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖、石墨烯和表面羧基化的纳米纤维素中的一种或几种；所述功能性助剂的用量为花瓣绝干质量的1％-80％。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，其特征在于：步骤(3)所述的凝固浴为去离子水、氯化钙溶液、硫酸钠溶液、氢氧化钠溶液、无水乙醇、异丙醇、硼砂水溶液和丙酮中的一种或几种。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述的花瓣为新鲜植物花瓣或者提过精油和色素的植物花瓣。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述的高压均质处理中，均质压力100bar-900bar，均质5-20次；所述的初步破碎采用水力碎浆机或盘磨。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述的纺丝溶剂为去离子水、醋酸水溶液、低共熔溶剂或甲酸水溶液。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，其特征在于：步骤(2)中所述的纺丝用的纤维分散液的浓度为3％-15wt％。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述的植物为玫瑰、百合、康乃馨、菊花、向日葵、紫罗兰、牡丹、芍药和月季中的一种或几种。
  9. 如权1-8所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝的应用，其特征在于：将所述纺织用鲜花纤维长丝用于织物或面料的制备。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的纺织用鲜花纤维长丝的应用，其特征在于：所述织物或者面料制备的方法包括(1)采用鲜花纤维长丝直接纺织得到和(2)将所述鲜花纤维长丝和其他纤维材料混纺得到。
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