CN107263948A - 一种防火保温装饰一体化板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防火保温装饰一体化板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107263948A CN107263948A CN201710508924.6A CN201710508924A CN107263948A CN 107263948 A CN107263948 A CN 107263948A CN 201710508924 A CN201710508924 A CN 201710508924A CN 107263948 A CN107263948 A CN 107263948A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- fire
- felt
- binding agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 silica Alkane Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009739 binding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(C)=O NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- YARNEMCKJLFQHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-ene;styrene Chemical compound CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 YARNEMCKJLFQHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- LWFWUJCJKPUZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-trimethylsilylacetamide Chemical class CC(=O)N[Si](C)(C)C LWFWUJCJKPUZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000352 supercritical drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002498 deadly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001891 dimethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002454 metastable transfer emission spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036299 sexual function Effects 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094989 trimethylsilane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/002—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising natural stone or artificial stone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/08—Macromolecular additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J143/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J143/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/105—Ceramic fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/327—Aluminium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2290/00—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for
- E04F2290/04—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire
- E04F2290/045—Specially adapted covering, lining or flooring elements not otherwise provided for for insulation or surface protection, e.g. against noise, impact or fire against fire
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于节能环保材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种防火保温装饰一体化板及其制备方法,本发明的防火保温装饰一体化板包括防火保温毡、粘结剂A和装饰板材,所述防火保温毡通过粘结剂A粘合在装饰板材上形成防火保温装饰一体化板;本发明克服了现有保温毡成本高、易掉粉的问题,产品的性能更好,更加环保;本发明的防火保温毡不掉粉,在粘结剂A的作用下可与装饰板材牢固结合形成防火保温装饰一体化板,从而同时防火保温装饰一体化的效果,本发明的防火保温装饰一体板的防火等级为A1级,保温效果好,可实现产品工厂化,施工难度低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于节能环保材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种建筑以及工业节能防火保温装饰一体化板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济的发展以及国家对建筑节能的提倡和要求,建筑外墙的防火、装饰与保温已经越来越受到人们的重视。传统的有机保温材料如聚苯板和挤塑聚苯板,导热系数较低,保温性能好,但防火性能差,容易引发火灾,而且后期容易变形,易出现墙面空鼓开裂的现象,且由于现场工序多,施工复杂,质量不易控制。传统的无机保温材料如岩棉、膨胀珍珠岩等,吸水率大,吸水后保温效果和强度均降低。由于保温材料和防火材料所采用的板材的原料不同,具有防火功能的板材的其保温性能必然会低于普通的保温材料,在实际过程中通过在防火板内垫装保温板进行组合安装以保证墙体具有防火和保温的功能,中国专利CN103899064A本发明公开了一种保温型防火装饰板,所述的装饰板包括夹板层、保温层、填料层和固定层,所述的夹板层为双层夹板包括上层夹板和下层夹板,所述双层夹板之间设有保温层,所述的保温层由多个半球形的隔热块组成,所述的半球形的隔热块均匀分布在双层夹板上,两块保温层之间设有固定层,所述固定层与保温层之间设有填料层;但是由于多块板材安装的墙体本身占用的空间大,安装和操作复杂,无法满足人们实际的装修操作需求。现有的一体化板材存在的问题是价格相对来说比较高,耐候性比较差,且采用的装饰、保温材料防火等级大多不能达到A级,存在一定的安全隐患。
气凝胶毡具有优异的隔热效果,厚度小,质轻,容易裁剪、缝制以适应各种不同形状的管道、设备保温,安装所需时间及人力更少的优点。若将气凝胶毡与装饰板材粘结制备防火保温装饰一体化板将有效解决现有的一体化板材存在的问题。但是传统气凝胶价格昂贵,同时附着在气凝胶绝热保温毡之中的气凝胶粉很容易脱落,气凝胶粉易脱落是该材料的致命弱点。第一,掉粉会导致气凝胶毡与装饰板材的结合力不牢固容易脱落;掉粉会造成污染,会给施工者造成健康伤害,同时,由于其所保温的工业管线输送物料时的震动,会导致粉体向下堆积,以致保温效果下降。而在不掉粉与降低导热系数之间,气凝胶粘结与气凝胶疏水之间,存在重重难点,气凝胶绝热毡不掉粉问题便成为了世界难题。第二,气凝胶保温毡用传统的超临界干燥工艺或以正硅酸乙酯为硅源等,工艺过程长,设备造价高,导致产品成本高,因此,如何低成本产业化也是大家共同追求的目标。
因此,如何解决气凝胶保温毡的掉粉问题,是制备性能优良的防火保温装饰一体化板面临的挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的技术缺陷,而提供防火保温装饰一体化板,防火保温装饰一体化板材防火、保温效果好,热桥作用少,可实现产品工厂化,施工难度低,受气候影响小,缩短工期。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种防火保温装饰一体化板,所述防火保温装饰一体化板包括防火保温毡、粘结剂A和装饰板材,所述防火保温毡通过粘结剂A粘合在装饰板材上形成防火保温装饰一体化板;
防火保温毡包括气凝胶湿凝胶溶液和纤维骨架材料,所述气凝胶湿凝胶溶液和纤维骨架材料的重量比为2~30:1;
所述粘结剂A,按照重量份数计,包括10~60重量份的钠水玻璃、10~60重量份的钾水玻璃、30~90重量份的水、5~40重量份的硅溶胶、1~15重量份的磷酸铝、1~10重量份的偶联剂A、1~15重量份的成膜助剂、5~30重量份的膨润土,30-45重量份的有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液、1-8重量份的流平剂、1-8重量份的成膜剂。
作为优选的技术方案:
优选的,所述气凝胶湿凝胶溶液包括气凝胶前驱体和粘结剂B,所述粘结剂B的添加量为气凝胶前驱体固含量的0.1~5%;所述气凝胶前驱体的固含量为5~35%;
所述粘结剂B,按照重量份数计,包括10~65重量份的硅酸钠、10~40重量份的硅酸钾、30~90重量份的去离子水、5~40重量份的硅溶胶、1~15重量份的磷酸铝、1~10重量份的偶联剂A、1~15重量份的成膜助剂、5~30重量份的膨润土;
所述装饰板材为金属板材、水泥基板材、石质板材或纤维板材。
优选的,所述流平剂为聚醚硅氧烷流平剂;
所述成膜助剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、十二碳醇酯或乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯;
所述偶联剂A为KH560、KH550中的一种或两种;
所述成膜剂选自醋酸乙烯-叔碳酸乙烯酯聚合乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液或聚苯乙烯改性乳液。
优选的,所述纤维骨架材料采用陶瓷纤维毡、聚合物纤维毡、玻璃纤维毡、植物纤维毡或碳纤维毡中的一种或几种;所述纤维骨架材料的长度为2~80m,宽度为0.8~1.5m,厚度为1~30mm,密度为100~300kg/m3;。
优选的,所述硅溶胶的含水量≤70%,所述有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液的固含量≥60%。硅溶胶为纳米级的二氧化硅颗粒在水中的分散液。
优选的,所述气凝胶前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备硅源和溶剂的混合溶液
取摩数3.0~4.0的硅酸钠B装入反应釜中,加入硅酸钠B质量1~3倍的去离子水进行稀释,反应釜以80~200r/min的速度搅拌30min,经200目筛过滤,得到硅酸钠溶液B;
硅酸钠的水溶液俗称水玻璃,它是由不同比例的碱金属和二氧化硅所组成,其化学式为R2O·nSiO2,式中R2O为碱金属氧化物,n为二氧化硅与碱金属氧化物摩尔数的比值,称为水玻璃的摩数,最常用的是硅酸钠水玻璃Na2O·nSiO2;
(2)溶胶
取A酸,在A酸中加入A酸金属盐和稀土A酸盐,混合均匀后,以喷淋的方式加入至步骤(1)得到的硅酸钠溶液B;喷淋的同时以1200~2000r/min的速度对反应釜内的物料进行快速搅拌,控制硅酸钠溶液B的pH值为1.5~3.0,控制其平均孔径为15~30纳米,得到溶胶,本步骤用时60~120min;
优选的,所述步骤(2)中,A酸为硫酸、盐酸、草酸或硝酸,用去离子水调节至6~15mol/L;
优选的,所述步骤(2)中,A酸金属盐为A酸锆盐或A酸铝盐;
优选的,所述步骤(2)中,稀土A酸盐为A酸铈盐、A酸钇盐或A酸镧盐;
A酸金属盐和稀土A酸盐容易吸潮,会导致计量不准确,所以为了准确定量其加入量,步骤(2)中所述A酸金属盐和稀土A酸盐以氧化物计,两者的摩尔比是100:1~6;步骤(2)中A酸金属盐的氧化物和硅酸钠B中氧化硅的摩尔比2~5:100;例如,A酸金属盐为硫酸铝,以其氧化物计,即以氧化铝和硅酸钠B中氧化硅的摩尔比为2~5:100;
(3)凝胶
取氢氧化钠或氨水,加入去离子水稀释至pH值为10~11.5,以喷淋的方式加入至反应釜中;喷淋的同时以1200~2000r/min的速度对反应釜内的物料进行快速搅拌,当反应釜内物料的pH值为4.5~5.5时,终止喷淋,得到凝胶,本步骤用时80~180min;
(4)老化
反应釜内以20~50r/min的速度继续搅拌3~10h,对反应釜内的物料进行老化,控制反应釜内物料温度为35~50℃;现有技术一般是采用静置的方式进行老化,耗时3~5天,并不会对凝胶进行搅拌,原因是现有技术普遍认为老化的过程中是需要静置的,静置能够便于气凝胶的结构生长;
(5)溶剂置换
在反应釜内进行持续搅拌60~180min,同时加入与步骤(4)反应釜内老化物料同体积的置换溶剂,以置换出剩余的水分;现有技术担心搅拌会破坏其结构,一般不会在置换时进行搅拌,会采取静置处理,导致耗时较长;本发明提供的制备方法在溶剂置换时进行搅拌60~180min,能够极大缩短置换周期,微观结构并没有受到破坏;
优选的,所述的置换溶剂为甲醇、丙酮、正己烷或庚烷的一种或几种的混合物。
(6)表面修饰
在反应釜内进行持续搅拌,同时继续加入与步骤(4)反应釜内老化物料同体积的偶联剂B;经过搅拌60~180min,得到包覆有置换溶剂和偶联剂B的稀土增韧的硅气凝胶前驱体,即为保温毡中采用的气凝胶前驱体。
上述步骤(6)表面修饰加入的偶联剂B将硅气凝胶微孔内的水置换出来,偶联剂B填充进硅气凝胶微孔内,能够提高微孔结构的稳定性,提高孔径大小的平均性;此外,通过对加入不同的偶联剂B进行表面修饰后,能够调整硅气凝胶疏水性、亲水性功能。
优选的,上述步骤(6)中所述偶联剂为六甲基二硅氮烷、双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺、甲氧基三甲基硅烷、二甲氧基二甲基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷和甲基三甲氧基烷的一种或几种;
优选的,上述步骤(5)或步骤(6)中所述的搅拌为在反应釜内进行搅拌;
优选的,所述搅拌为反应釜中心提供快速的顺向搅拌(高速剪切盘),反应釜中心的外围提供折流板来实现的;
该气凝胶前驱体是采用常温常压工艺生产制备的,是一种结构可控的轻质多孔非晶态无机纳米材料,具有连续三维网状结构,其孔隙率高达80%以上,平均孔径为20nm左右,比表面积大于500㎡/g,密度小于70kg/m3,常温常压下导热系数小于0.020W/(m·K),比静止空气的热导率0.022W/(m·K)还低,是目前难得的低成本、产业化、低导热率的固体材料。
一种防火保温装饰一体化板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:分别在防火保温毡和装饰板材的表面上涂覆粘结剂A,然后将两者的涂胶面对应加压粘结,制得防火保温装饰一体化板。
优选的,在防火保温毡和装饰板材的表面上涂覆粘结剂A的厚度为0.4-0.5mm;所述加压粘结时采用的加压压力为0.05-0.2MPa,加压时长为3-8h。
优选的,在防火保温毡的表面上涂覆粘结剂A之前对防火保温毡进行针刺处理,针刺的针距为1-10mm。
所述粘结剂A的制备方法:将硅溶胶和有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液搅拌均匀后,再加入剩余组分搅拌均匀,制备出粘结剂A;
所述防火保温毡的制备方法为:
(1)取固含量为5~35%、常温常压制备的气凝胶前驱体;
(2)用重量法制备粘结剂:
①取硅酸钠10~65重量份、硅酸钾10~40重量份、5~30重量份的膨润土、去离子水30~90重量份混合后搅拌均匀,搅拌转速为20~500r/min,搅拌用时为5~30min;
②加入硅溶胶5~40重量份,搅拌均匀,搅拌转速为20~500r/min,搅拌用时为5~30min;
③加入磷酸铝1~15重量份,搅拌均匀,搅拌转速为20~500r/min,搅拌用时为10~30min,调pH值到7-8;
④再加入偶联剂A 1~10重量份和成膜助剂1~15重量份,搅拌转速为20~500r/min,搅拌用时为5~30min,用高速分散砂磨机以500~2700r/min的速度砂磨10~40min,制备出分散均匀的粘结剂;
(3)按照气凝胶前驱体固含量的0.1~5%添加粘结剂,再用搅拌机以500~1500r/min搅拌10~50min得到搅拌均匀的混合溶液,把搅拌均匀的混合溶液通过卧式砂磨机循环以500~2500r/min的转速研磨20~60min,得到成型的气凝胶湿凝胶溶液;
(4)取纤维骨架材料,按照气凝胶湿凝胶溶液:纤维骨架材料2~30:1的重量比,将纤维骨架材料浸入气凝胶湿凝胶溶液中,使纤维骨架材料饱和吸附气凝胶湿凝胶溶液,干燥后即得保温毡。
优选的,纤维骨架材料浸入气凝胶湿凝胶溶液中的次数≥2次,每次浸渍完成后均在0.5~2MPa的压力下采用挤压辊挤压处理,挤压速率为0.1~1.5m/min;其目的是使气凝胶前驱体均匀的分布在保温毡上。
优选的,所述步骤(4)中,在纤维骨架材料干燥时,集中收集回收溶液。
本发明的工作原理是:
气凝胶又称蓝烟,其具有以下特性:1、气凝胶的内部分布有若干无穷多的纳米孔和气孔壁,空气在纳米气孔内不能够自由流动,相对地吸附在气孔壁上,气凝胶材料处于类似真空状态,有效减少对流传热,热量在固体材料中传递能沿着气孔壁传递;这些气孔壁构成了无穷长的热传导路径,这将显著减少热量传导;2、气凝胶内部存在无穷多的气孔壁,气孔壁相当于无穷多的隔热挡板,可以实现对光和热的反射,从而大幅度降低辐射传热;3、气凝胶能有效地透过太阳光,并阻止环境温度的红外热辐射,成为一种理想的透明隔热材料,使材料的热导率大大降低;
基于上述气凝胶的特性,选择合适的粘结剂A,将气凝胶与工业、建筑保温用保温毡制作材料结合,不仅可以增强工业、建筑保温用保温毡的机械强度,还能够有效降低其导热系数,提高其保温隔热能力,提高憎水率,改善工业与建筑保温用保温毡表面与材料的结合能力。
与传统工艺相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、传统的气凝胶复合保温毡具有成本高、易掉粉的两大缺点,严重阻碍了这种新材料的应用与发展,本发明克服了现有保温毡成本高、易掉粉的问题,产品的性能更好,更加环保;本发明的防火保温毡不掉粉,在粘结剂A的作用下可与装饰板材牢固结合形成防火保温装饰一体化板,从而同时防火保温装饰一体化的效果,本发明的防火保温装饰一体板的防火等级为A1级,保温效果好,热桥作用少,可实现产品工厂化,施工难度低,受气候影响小,缩短工期。
本发明中采用的粘结剂A为无机粘结剂A,不存在挥发现象,安全环保;
2、传统的气凝胶保温毡中的气凝胶以气凝胶粉体的形式加入,气凝胶粉体在制备过程中必须经过干燥处理,其干燥处理是在高温高压下采用超临界干燥工艺完成,其生产条件苛刻,工艺复杂,危险性大,生产装置投资大,制备效率低,其原材料以高价的硅醇为主,成本高;
本发明气凝胶保温毡中的气凝胶以气凝胶前驱体的形式加入,未经过干燥处理步骤,生产成本低;另外,气凝胶前驱体是在常温常压下制备,工艺简单稳定,安全性高,工艺过程从300h降至30h,同样产能的生产装置投资仅为传统方法的1/20,原材料价格比传统硅源低100倍以上,产品成本仅为传统方法的1/10;
3、传统的气凝胶保温毡易掉粉的原因有三个方面:(1)采用的气凝胶粉体未经过增韧处理,韧性小,颗粒易破碎;(2)保温毡未添加无机粘结成分,气凝胶粉体与保温毡结合力度小;(3)由于气凝胶保温毡中以气凝胶粉体的形式加入,气凝胶粉体是由单个的颗粒个体组成,颗粒与颗粒之间无法有效的连接在一起,从而造成了保温毡易掉粉;
本发明中的气凝胶保温毡针对上述掉粉原因作出了改进:(1)气凝胶保温毡采用的是气凝胶前驱体,气凝胶前驱体为添加了稀土A酸盐和A酸金属盐而制备的稀土增韧气凝胶前驱体,稀土增韧气凝胶前驱体韧性大,颗粒不易破碎,进而不易从保温毡上脱落;(2)保温毡中添加了无机粘结剂,将气凝胶前驱体与纤维材料粘结在一起,气凝胶前驱体与保温毡结合力度大,无机粘结剂对导热系数影响小,进一步降低掉粉机率;(3)气凝胶前驱体为溶胶的形式,不是单独的颗粒个体,组分之间连接的更加紧密,气凝胶前驱体在挤入溶胶的过程中将单根的纤维成分包裹住,从而达到不易掉粉的目的;
4、气凝胶的三维立体结构在其性能发挥过程中起着重要的作用,如果气凝胶中的孔被粘结剂堵住就无法发挥作用;
传统气凝胶保温毡中采用的气凝胶在高温高压下制备,如果后期不经特殊处理,多孔的三维立体空间容易被粘结剂或其它原料堵住而失效,进而使其丧失隔热效果;另外,气凝胶多孔的三维立体空间联合在一起会起到更好的隔热效应,被粘结剂分隔开之后会将气凝胶内部的三维立体空间割裂成孤岛,进而产生孤岛效应,降低气凝胶的隔热效果;
采用本发明中方法制备的气凝胶前驱体内含有置换溶剂,置换溶剂占据气凝胶前驱体内多孔的三维立体空间,粘结剂或其它原料无法侵入多孔中占据其三维立体空间,保温毡干燥过程中,置换溶剂自然挥发,在溶剂自然挥发完毕后气凝胶前驱体内仍然能够保持多孔的三维立体结构,克服了孔被堵引起的失效及孤岛效应,因此,其隔热性能更强;
5、本发明所得的防火保温毡,常温常压下导热系数为0.018~0.022W/(m·K),掉粉程度为5~20‰,另外,该保温毡具备超疏水性、耐火性,具备很好的柔韧性、平整度和强度;
6、保温毡的制备工艺简单、生产操作安全、成本低,解决了传统气凝胶保温毡产业化面临的制备工艺复杂、周期长、溶剂消耗量大、废液多、强度低、脆性大、柔韧性低等技术问题;
7、本发明中的保温毡制备方法为适用于气凝胶复合保温毡生产的产业化方法,该方法在保持气凝胶性质不变的前提下,通过独到的生产工艺实现气凝胶复合保温毡的成型,缩短制备时间,大大的提高了生产效率;
8、本发明中的水选用电导率指标≤10的去离子水,减少杂质并能节约生产成本;
9、传统的保温毡中采用有机粘结剂,有机粘结剂中含有易挥发的有机成分,有机成分挥发会降低其保温毡的性能;本发明中摒弃了有机粘结剂,采用的粘结剂为无机粘结剂,不存在挥发现象,保温毡的保温性能更佳;
10、本发明在制备过程中,将纤维骨架材料浸入气凝胶湿凝胶溶液中,使纤维骨架材料完全吸附溶液;
11、纤维骨架材料在气凝胶湿凝胶溶液需要经过多次浸渍,每次浸渍完毕后均采用加压处理,多次浸渍、多次加压,使气凝胶前驱体均匀的分布在保温毡上;
12、本发明中添加的所有原料与保温毡毡体的pH值接近,原料与气凝胶毡结合的效果更好,进一步降低掉粉几率;
13、纤维骨架材料浸入气凝胶湿凝胶溶液时,集中回收溶液,节约生产成本;
14、本发明中稀土增韧气凝胶前驱体制备的工作原理是:气凝胶前驱体的制备方法中,凝胶过程中加入的A酸金属盐和稀土A酸盐,能够达到增韧和提高硅气凝胶耐热性的效果;老化和溶剂置换步骤均是在搅拌的状态下进行,大大提高了反应效率,压缩了工艺时间,适合产业化;
15、本发明中稀土增韧气凝胶前驱体制备方法与现有技术相比,其优势有以下几点:
(1)近年来,现有技术中有一些关于常温差压下制备硅气凝胶的相关报道和专利文献,但是大多是停留在实验室制备阶段,工艺过程较长,同时工艺实施范围过窄,难以实现大规模产业化生产和应用;本发明提供了常温常压下的制备方法,一改现有技术相对静止的工艺,在关键工艺过程施加搅拌,加速实现了气凝胶的水解、缩聚与修饰,实现了30h内合成气凝胶前驱体的工艺,提供了一种工业上批量制备稀土增韧硅气凝胶的方法,为硅气凝胶的大量制造与使用提供了前提;
(2)现有技术中阻碍气凝胶发展的原因之一是气凝胶具有网状结构,但是该结构的边缘较薄、较脆,抗压强度低,容易受压坍塌,导致性能不稳定;本发明用加入稀土A酸盐和A酸金属盐,改善了该材料的韧性,提高了硅气凝胶的强度;
(3)现有技术制备的硅气凝胶的使用温度偏低,一般在500℃以下使用还比较稳定,500℃以上会导致硅气凝胶的内部结构变化,导致导热系数下降;本发明用加入稀土A酸盐和A酸金属盐,改善了该材料的耐温性能,提高了硅气凝胶的耐热温度。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
一、实施例1~8
1、一种防火保温毡的配方,包括气凝胶湿凝胶溶液、纤维骨架材料,气凝胶湿凝胶溶液、纤维骨架材料的重量比为2~30:1;
气凝胶湿凝胶溶液包括气凝胶前驱体、粘结剂B,粘结剂的添加量为气凝胶前驱体固含量的0.1~5%;
气凝胶前驱体的固含量为5~35%,指气凝胶前驱体中气凝胶固形物的含量为5~35%;
粘结剂B,按照重量份数计,包括10~65重量份的硅酸钠、10~40重量份的硅酸钾、30~90重量份的去离子去离子水、5~40重量份的硅溶胶、1~15重量份的磷酸铝、1~10重量份的偶联剂A、1~15重量份的成膜助剂、5~30重量份的膨润土;
实施例1~8中各组分的用量明细见表1,实施例1~8中粘结剂的用量明细见表2。
表1实施例1~8中各组分的用量明细表
表2实施例1~8中粘结剂B中各组分的用量明细表
其中,偶联剂A为KH560、KH550中的一种或两种;成膜助剂为醇脂12、乙二醇丁醚的一种或两种;纤维骨架材料采用陶瓷纤维毡、聚合物纤维毡、玻璃纤维毡、植物纤维毡或碳纤维毡中的一种或几种;纤维骨架材料的长度为2~80m,宽度为0.8~1.5m,厚度为1~30mm,密度为100~300kg/m3并且质地均匀;硅溶胶的含水量≤70%;各实施例中采用的具体种类见表3。
表3实施例1~8中采用的偶联剂、纤维骨架材料、硅溶胶的参数明细表
2、一种防火保温毡的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取固含量为5~35%、常温常压制备的气凝胶前驱体;
(2)用重量法制备粘结剂:
①取硅酸钠10~65重量份、硅酸钾10~40重量份、5~30重量份的膨润土、去离子去离子水30~90重量份混合后搅拌均匀,搅拌转速为20~500r/min,搅拌用时为5~30min;
②加入硅溶胶5~40重量份,搅拌均匀,搅拌转速为20~500r/min,搅拌用时为5~30min;
③加入磷酸铝1~15重量份,搅拌均匀,搅拌转速为20~500r/min,搅拌用时为10~30min,调pH值到7-8;
④再加入偶联剂1~10重量份和成膜助剂1~15重量份,搅拌转速为20~500r/min,搅拌用时为5~30min,用高速分散砂磨机以500~2700r/min的速度砂磨10~40min,制备出分散均匀的粘结剂;
(3)按照气凝胶前驱体固含量的0.1~5%添加粘结剂,再用搅拌机以500~1500r/min搅拌10~50min得到搅拌均匀的混合溶液,把搅拌均匀的混合溶液通过卧式砂磨机循环以500~2500r/min的转速研磨20~60min,得到成型的气凝胶湿凝胶溶液;
(4)取纤维骨架材料,按照气凝胶湿凝胶溶液:纤维骨架材料=2~30:1的重量比,将纤维骨架材料浸入气凝胶湿凝胶溶液中,使纤维骨架材料饱和吸附气凝胶湿凝胶溶液,纤维骨架材料浸入气凝胶湿凝胶溶液中的次数≥2次,每次浸渍完成后均在0.5~2MPa的压力下采用挤压辊挤压处理,挤压速率为0.1~1.5m/min,最后,采用常规方法烘干,即得保温毡;在纤维骨架材料烘干时,集中收集回收溶液,实施例1~8各步骤中的具体参数数值见表4。
表4实施例1~8中防火保温毡的制备方法各步骤采用的具体参数
3、防火保温毡中采用的气凝胶前驱体的具体制备步骤如下:
(1)制备硅源和溶剂的混合溶液
取摩数3.0~4.0的水玻璃(相当于硅酸钠)装入反应釜中,加入水玻璃B质量1~3倍的去离子去离子水进行稀释,反应釜以80~200r/min的速度搅拌30min,经200目筛过滤,得到水玻璃溶液B;
(2)溶胶
取A酸,在A酸中加入A酸金属盐和稀土A酸盐,混合均匀后,以喷淋的方式加入至步骤(1)得到的水玻璃溶液B;喷淋的同时以1200~2000r/min的速度对反应釜内的物料进行快速搅拌,控制pH值至1.5~3.0停止喷淋,喷淋时间控制在60~120min,得到溶胶;
A酸为硫酸、盐酸、草酸或硝酸,用去离子水调节其浓度至6~15mol/L;
A酸金属盐为A酸锆盐或A酸铝盐,稀土A酸盐为A酸铈盐、A酸钇盐或A酸镧盐;
A酸金属盐和稀土A酸盐以氧化物计,两者的摩尔比是100:1~6;
A酸金属盐的氧化物和水玻璃溶液B中氧化硅的摩尔比2~5:100;
(3)凝胶
取氢氧化钠或氨水,加入去离子水稀释至pH值为10~11.5,以喷淋的方式加入至步骤(2)反应釜内所得溶胶中;喷淋的同时以1200~2000r/min的速度对反应釜内的物料进行快速搅拌,当反应釜内物料的pH值为4.5~5.5时,喷淋用时80~180min,得到凝胶;
(4)老化
反应釜内以20~50r/min的速度继续搅拌3~10h,对反应釜内的物料进行老化,控制反应釜内物料温度为35~50℃;
(5)溶剂置换
在反应釜内搅拌的同时加入与步骤(4)反应釜内老化物料同体积的置换溶剂,以置换出剩余的水分,搅拌60~180min;
置换溶剂为甲醇、丙酮、正己烷或庚烷的一种或几种的混合物;
(6)表面修饰
在反应釜内进行持续搅拌,同时继续加入与步骤(4)反应釜内老化物料同体积的偶联剂B,经过搅拌60~180min,表面修饰后得到包覆有置换溶剂和偶联剂B的稀土增韧的硅气凝胶前驱体,即为气凝胶前驱体;
步骤(5)或步骤(6)中的搅拌是在反应釜中心提供快速的顺向搅拌,反应釜中心的外围提供折流板;
偶联剂为六甲基二硅氮烷、双(三甲硅基)乙酰胺、甲氧基三甲基硅烷、二甲氧基二甲基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷和甲基三甲氧基烷的一种或几种的混合物;
气凝胶前驱体的制备方法中各实施例的变量参数及具体数值见表5。
表5实施例1~8中气凝胶前驱体的制备方法中步骤(1)~(6)采用的具体参数
二、性能测试
(1)根据YB/T 4130-2005耐火材料导热系数试验方法(水流量平板法)对实施例1~8中的保温毡产品的导热系数进行检测;
(2)根据JGJ144对实施例1~8中的保温毡产品的抗拉强度进行检测;
(3)气凝胶含量测定方法:取10mm厚、1m2的实施例1~8中的气凝胶保温毡样块和同样大小的不含气凝胶的保温毡样块,置于干燥箱内,在200℃下干燥1h去掉水分,称重,气凝胶保温毡样块和同样大小的不含气凝胶的保温毡样块质量的差值即为气凝胶含量;
(4)掉粉率的测定方法:先将实施例1~8中保温毡样块在200℃下干燥1h去掉水分,将干燥后保温毡成品放置在振动筛上处理3min,振动筛的振动频率为120~150rad/s,收集掉下来的粉体,粉体过200目筛去除粉体中的杂质,粉体的质量/保温毡中气凝胶的总含量即为掉粉率;
(5)耐火性的测定方法:将实施例1~8中保温毡成品在1200℃的火焰下烧10min,观察保温毡的变化;
(6)柔韧性的测定方法:将实施例1~8中保温毡成品对折180°再展开,观察有无折痕;
(7)疏水性能检测方法:将水倾倒在将实施例1~8中保温毡上表面上,采用接触角测定仪测量其接触角的大小;
以传统保温毡为对照组,具体检测结果见表6。
表6实施例1~8中保温毡的性能检测结果
由表6中检测结果可知,与传统保温毡相比,本发明所得的防火保温毡,常温常压下导热系数为0.018~0.022W/(m·K),导热系数进一步降低;其抗拉强度在0.06~0.08MPa,抗拉性能明显提升;10mm厚、1m2保温毡中的气凝胶含量为160~220g,气凝胶含量明显降低;掉粉率为5~20‰,掉粉程度显著降低;另外,其接触角达到了140~150°,达到了超疏水级别,疏水性能显著提升;耐火性达到了A1级,耐火性能显著提升;对折无数次,无折痕具备非常好的柔韧性。
三、应用例
将本发明中的产品应用在炼油部的中压蒸汽部分管线保温上,改造前试验段管线保温材料采用岩棉,改造后保温材料采用本发明中的实施例3的产品。
1、根据GB8174-2008“设备及管道保温效果的测试和评价”的规定,管道外表面温度不同,最大允许的散热损失则不同。对比标准,此管线最大允许的散热损失为198w/m2;
2、改造前检测:环境温度10℃,风速0.1m/s,该试验段管线采用岩棉保温材料时,厚度为200mm,外表面温度在35℃左右,根据计算,该段管线散热损失为327w/m2,超过最大允许的散热损失198w/m2,管线长1.5m,总散热损失量1152w;
3、改造后检测:环境温度10℃,风速0.1m/s,改造后采用本发明中产品,厚度为30mm,外表面温度在32℃左右,根据计算,该管线的散热损失为281w/m2,超过最大允许的散热损失198w/m2,管线长1.5m,总散热损失量543w;
4、该段管线改造后与改造前相比较,保温厚度由200mm减少到30mm,散热损失由327w/m2降低到281w/m2,总散热损失量由1152w降低到543w,且温度分布均匀。
实施例9-16
防火保温装饰一体化板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:分别在防火保温毡和装饰板材的表面上涂覆粘结剂A,然后将两者的涂胶面对应加压粘结,制得防火保温装饰一体化板。在防火保温毡和装饰板材的表面上涂覆粘结剂A的厚度为0.4-0.5mm;采用挤压辊挤压处理,挤压速率为0.1~1.5m/min;加压粘结时采用的加压压力为0.05-0.2MPa,加压时长为3-8h。在防火保温毡的表面上涂覆粘结剂A之前对防火保温毡进行针刺处理,针刺的针距为1-10mm。实施例9-16在制备防火保温装饰一体化板时,所采用的工艺条件如表7所示:
表7实施例9-16为制备防火保温装饰一体化板时所采用的工艺条件
一种防火保温装饰一体化板,包括防火保温毡、粘结剂A和装饰板材,防火保温毡通过粘结剂A粘合在装饰板材上形成防火保温装饰一体化板;防火保温毡包括气凝胶湿凝胶溶液和纤维骨架材料,气凝胶湿凝胶溶液和纤维骨架材料的重量比为2~30:1;
粘结剂A,按照重量份数计,包括10~60重量份的钠水玻璃、10~60重量份的钾水玻璃、30~90重量份的水、5~40重量份的硅溶胶、1~15重量份的磷酸铝、1~10重量份的偶联剂A、1~15重量份的成膜助剂、5~30重量份的膨润土,30-45重量份的有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液、1-8重量份的流平剂、1-8重量份的成膜剂。
装饰板材为金属板材、水泥基板材、石质板材或纤维板材。
采用实施例9-16制备方法制备的防火保温装饰一体化板的组分明细如下,如表8:
表8实施例9-16制备方法制备的防火保温装饰一体化板组分明细
二、性能测试
(1)根据YB/T 4130-2005耐火材料导热系数试验方法(水流量平板法)对实施例9~16中的保温毡产品的导热系数进行检测;
(2)根据JGJ144对实施例9~16中的保温毡产品的抗拉强度进行检测;
(3)耐火性的测定方法:将实施例9~16中防火保温装饰一体化板成品在1200℃的火焰下烧10min,观察保温毡的变化;具体检测结果见表9。
表9实施例9~16中防火保温装饰一体化板的性能检测结果
Claims (10)
1.一种防火保温装饰一体化板,其特征在于,所述防火保温装饰一体化板包括防火保温毡、粘结剂A和装饰板材,所述防火保温毡通过粘结剂A粘合在装饰板材上形成防火保温装饰一体化板;
防火保温毡包括气凝胶湿凝胶溶液和纤维骨架材料,所述气凝胶湿凝胶溶液和纤维骨架材料的重量比为2~30:1;
所述粘结剂A,按照重量份数计,包括10~60重量份的钠水玻璃、10~60重量份的钾水玻璃、30~90重量份的水、5~40重量份的硅溶胶、1~15重量份的磷酸铝、1~10重量份的偶联剂A、1~15重量份的成膜助剂、5~30重量份的膨润土,30-45重量份的有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液、1-8重量份的流平剂、1-8重量份的成膜剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防火保温装饰一体化板,其特征在于,所述气凝胶湿凝胶溶液包括气凝胶前驱体和粘结剂B,所述粘结剂B的添加量为气凝胶前驱体固含量的0.1~5%;所述气凝胶前驱体的固含量为5~35%;
所述粘结剂B,按照重量份数计,包括10~65重量份的硅酸钠、10~40重量份的硅酸钾、30~90重量份的去离子水、5~40重量份的硅溶胶、1~15重量份的磷酸铝、1~10重量份的偶联剂A、1~15重量份的成膜助剂、5~30重量份的膨润土;
所述装饰板材为金属板材、水泥基板材、石质板材或纤维板材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防火保温装饰一体化板,其特征在于,所述流平剂为聚醚硅氧烷流平剂;
所述成膜助剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、十二碳醇酯或乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯;
所述偶联剂A为KH560、KH550中的一种或两种;
所述成膜剂选自醋酸乙烯-叔碳酸乙烯酯聚合乳液、聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液或聚苯乙烯改性乳液中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防火保温装饰一体化板,其特征在于,所述纤维骨架材料采用陶瓷纤维毡、聚合物纤维毡、玻璃纤维毡、植物纤维毡或碳纤维毡中的一种或几种;所述纤维骨架材料的长度为2~80m,宽度为0.8~1.5m,厚度为1~30mm,密度为100~300kg/m³。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防火保温装饰一体化板,其特征在于,所述硅溶胶的含水量≤70%,所述有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液的固含量≥60%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防火保温装饰一体化板,其特征在于:所述气凝胶前驱体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备硅源和溶剂的混合溶液
取摩数3.0~4.0的硅酸钠B装入反应釜中,加入硅酸钠B质量1~3倍的去离子水 进行稀释,反应釜以80~200r/min的速度搅拌30min,经200目筛过滤,得到硅酸钠溶液B;
(2)溶胶
取A酸,在A酸中加入A酸金属盐和稀土A酸盐,混合均匀后,以喷淋的方式加入至步骤(1)得到的硅酸钠溶液B;喷淋的同时以1200~2000r/min的速度对反应釜内的物料进行快速搅拌,控制硅酸钠溶液B的pH值为1.5~3.0,得到溶胶;
凝胶
取氢氧化钠或氨水,加入去离子水稀释至pH值为10~11.5,以喷淋的方式加入至反应釜中;喷淋的同时以1200~2000r/min的速度对反应釜内的物料进行快速搅拌,当反应釜内物料的pH值为4.5~5.5时,终止喷淋,得到凝胶;
(4)老化
反应釜内以20~50r/min的速度继续搅拌3~10h,对反应釜内的物料进行老化,控制反应釜内物料温度为35~50℃;
(5)溶剂置换
在反应釜内进行持续搅拌60~180min,同时加入与步骤(4)反应釜内老化物料同体积的置换溶剂,以置换出剩余的水分;
(6)表面修饰
在反应釜内进行持续搅拌,同时继续加入与步骤(4)反应釜内老化物料同体积的偶联剂B;经过搅拌60~180min,得到包覆有置换溶剂和偶联剂B的稀土增韧的硅气凝胶前驱体,即为气凝胶前驱体。
7.如权利要求1-6任一所述的防火保温装饰一体化板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:分别在防火保温毡和装饰板材的表面上涂覆粘结剂A,然后将两者的涂胶面对应加压粘结,制得防火保温装饰一体化板。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防火保温装饰一体化板的制备方法,其特征在于,在防火保温毡和装饰板材的表面上涂覆粘结剂A的厚度为0.4-0.5mm;所述加压粘结时采用的加压压力为0.05-0.2MPa,加压时长为3-8h。
9.根据权利要求7所述的防火保温装饰一体化板的制备方法,其特征在于,在防火保温毡的表面上涂覆粘结剂A之前对防火保温毡进行针刺处理,针刺的针距为1-10mm;
所述粘结剂A的制备方法:将硅溶胶和有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液搅拌均匀后,再加入剩余组分搅拌均匀,制备出粘结剂A;
所述防火保温毡的制备方法为:
(1)取固含量为5~35%的气凝胶前驱体;
(2)用重量法制备粘结剂:
①取硅酸钠 10~65重量份、硅酸钾10~40重量份、5~30重量份的膨润土、去离子水30~90重量份混合后搅拌均匀;
②加入硅溶胶5~40重量份,搅拌均匀;
③加入磷酸铝1~15重量份,搅拌均匀,调pH值到7-8;
④再加入偶联剂A1~10重量份和成膜助剂1~15重量份,搅拌均匀,然后用高速分散砂磨机砂磨,制备出分散均匀的粘结剂;
(3)按照气凝胶前驱体固含量的0.1~5%添加粘结剂,搅拌均匀,得到的混合溶液通过砂磨机循环研磨,得到成型的气凝胶湿凝胶溶液;
(4)取纤维骨架材料,按照气凝胶湿凝胶溶液:纤维骨架材料=2~30:1的重量比,将纤维骨架材料浸入气凝胶湿凝胶溶液中,使纤维骨架材料饱和吸附气凝胶湿凝胶溶液,干燥后即得保温毡。
10.根据权利要求9所述的防火保温装饰一体化板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,纤维骨架材料浸入气凝胶湿凝胶溶液中的次数≥2次,每次浸渍完成后均在0.5~2 MPa的压力下采用挤压辊挤压处理,挤压速率为0.1~1.5m/min。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710508924.6A CN107263948B (zh) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | 一种防火保温装饰一体化板及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710508924.6A CN107263948B (zh) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | 一种防火保温装饰一体化板及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107263948A true CN107263948A (zh) | 2017-10-20 |
CN107263948B CN107263948B (zh) | 2018-10-26 |
Family
ID=60071079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201710508924.6A Active CN107263948B (zh) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | 一种防火保温装饰一体化板及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107263948B (zh) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108930191A (zh) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-04 | 合肥华盖光伏科技有限公司 | 一种防虫蛀抗菌纤维板的制备方法 |
CN110357566A (zh) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-22 | 西华大学 | 一种玄武岩纤维保温装饰一体板及其制备方法 |
CN110558646A (zh) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-13 | 北京科技大学 | 基于二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料的防火服及制备方法 |
CN111535019A (zh) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江岩谷科技有限公司 | 一种疏水玻璃纤维毡-硅气凝胶绝热复合材料的制备方法 |
CN111994912A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-27 | 上海三棵树防水技术有限公司 | 二氧化硅溶胶、二氧化硅溶胶凝胶复合岩棉保温材料及其制备方法 |
CN112552869A (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-26 | 佛山巨马新材料有限公司 | 一种保温装饰一体板的粘结胶粘剂的制备方法 |
CN115139590A (zh) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-10-04 | 江苏中矿大正表面工程技术有限公司 | 一种桥梁抗火用气凝胶纤维复合板的制备方法 |
CN115503300A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2022-12-23 | 普莱斯德集团股份有限公司 | 一种复合岩棉防火保温装饰一体板及其制备方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102807357A (zh) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-12-05 | 中国科学院研究生院 | 一种块体气凝胶复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN103086692A (zh) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-05-08 | 南京工业大学 | 一种块状SiO2-Y2O3复合气凝胶的制备方法 |
CN104099028A (zh) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-10-15 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | 防火胶黏剂及其应用 |
CN104245582A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-12-24 | 建筑研究和技术有限公司 | 制备气凝胶的方法 |
CN205558108U (zh) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 福建华磊园林建设工程有限公司 | 一种保温型石雕装饰复合板 |
-
2017
- 2017-06-28 CN CN201710508924.6A patent/CN107263948B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104245582A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-12-24 | 建筑研究和技术有限公司 | 制备气凝胶的方法 |
CN102807357A (zh) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-12-05 | 中国科学院研究生院 | 一种块体气凝胶复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN103086692A (zh) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-05-08 | 南京工业大学 | 一种块状SiO2-Y2O3复合气凝胶的制备方法 |
CN104099028A (zh) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-10-15 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | 防火胶黏剂及其应用 |
CN205558108U (zh) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 福建华磊园林建设工程有限公司 | 一种保温型石雕装饰复合板 |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108930191A (zh) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-04 | 合肥华盖光伏科技有限公司 | 一种防虫蛀抗菌纤维板的制备方法 |
CN110357566A (zh) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-10-22 | 西华大学 | 一种玄武岩纤维保温装饰一体板及其制备方法 |
CN110357566B (zh) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-11-02 | 西华大学 | 一种玄武岩纤维保温装饰一体板及其制备方法 |
CN110558646A (zh) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-13 | 北京科技大学 | 基于二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料的防火服及制备方法 |
CN111535019A (zh) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江岩谷科技有限公司 | 一种疏水玻璃纤维毡-硅气凝胶绝热复合材料的制备方法 |
CN111994912A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-27 | 上海三棵树防水技术有限公司 | 二氧化硅溶胶、二氧化硅溶胶凝胶复合岩棉保温材料及其制备方法 |
CN112552869A (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-26 | 佛山巨马新材料有限公司 | 一种保温装饰一体板的粘结胶粘剂的制备方法 |
CN115139590A (zh) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-10-04 | 江苏中矿大正表面工程技术有限公司 | 一种桥梁抗火用气凝胶纤维复合板的制备方法 |
CN115503300A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2022-12-23 | 普莱斯德集团股份有限公司 | 一种复合岩棉防火保温装饰一体板及其制备方法 |
CN115503300B (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 普莱斯德集团股份有限公司 | 一种复合岩棉防火保温装饰一体板及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN107263948B (zh) | 2018-10-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN107140938B (zh) | 一种防脱粉气凝胶复合保温毡及其制备方法 | |
CN107263948B (zh) | 一种防火保温装饰一体化板及其制备方法 | |
CN107089810B (zh) | 一种气凝胶改性膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法 | |
CN107244882B (zh) | 一种二氧化硅气凝胶毡及其制备方法 | |
CN103709868A (zh) | 一种微球形SiO2气凝胶复合隔热保温外墙涂料及其制备方法 | |
CN101428999A (zh) | 硅藻土装饰吸声板材及其制备方法 | |
CN107089818B (zh) | 一种硅气凝胶防火、防水、环保保温膏及其制备方法 | |
CN107098672A (zh) | 一种建筑材料及其制备方法 | |
CN102795805A (zh) | 一种建筑节能相变恒温材料及制备方法 | |
CN109020378A (zh) | 一种以铁尾矿为原料制备的膨胀珍珠岩气凝胶复合保温板及其制备方法 | |
CN107056173A (zh) | 一种保温建筑材料及其制备方法 | |
CN109851380A (zh) | 一种二氧化硅气凝胶功能材料的制备方法 | |
CN104070717B (zh) | 彩钢夹芯板及其制备方法 | |
CN103058703A (zh) | 一种高性能复合材料保温板及其制备方法 | |
CN116573915A (zh) | 一种高性能石膏材料及其制备工艺 | |
CN109456013A (zh) | 水泥吊顶板及其制备方法 | |
CN105503264A (zh) | 一种泡沫混凝土纳米增强剂的制备方法 | |
CN107459317B (zh) | 一种高强纸面石膏板 | |
CN116161911B (zh) | 一种隔音泡沫墙板及其制备方法 | |
CN107761967A (zh) | 外墙自保温系统热桥部位保温处理方法 | |
Xue et al. | Flexible fabrication of a novel SiO2/AF/ZIF-L composite embedded with MOF structure and its thermal insulation properties | |
CN118145915B (zh) | 一种高隔热保温硅酸钙板 | |
TWI736989B (zh) | 防火隔熱材料的製造方法 | |
CN107663061A (zh) | 提高性能的保温涂料生产方法 | |
CN106592794A (zh) | 无机纤维复合保温板及其制作工艺 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20180808 Address after: 2/F, 8/F, Teda Service Outsourcing Industrial Park, 19 Xinhuan West Road, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone, 300457 (Tianjin Binhai Service Outsourcing Industry Co., Ltd. Trusteeship No. 2416) Applicant after: Tianjin Long Hua Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: 300457 Tianjin Binhai New Area Grand Port Yingbin Street Fuyuan Li 30 building 4 gate 101. Applicant before: Zheng Shan |
|
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |