CN107260990A - 一种用于防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107260990A
CN107260990A CN201710449938.5A CN201710449938A CN107260990A CN 107260990 A CN107260990 A CN 107260990A CN 201710449938 A CN201710449938 A CN 201710449938A CN 107260990 A CN107260990 A CN 107260990A
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陆凤琪
陈文成
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Anhui Muchuntang Natural Medicine Research Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂及其制备方法。本发明的中药颗粒剂是以石膏、水牛角、玄参、大青叶、赤芍、丹皮、黄芩、连翘、竹茹、紫菀(蜜炙)、麦冬为原料制备而成。本发明具有很好的清热解毒、凉血消斑、止咳平喘之功效，可以明显改善患蓝耳病的猪的体温升高、斑疹、咳嗽、呼吸不畅、流产等临床症状。

Description

一种用于防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂及其制备方法
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及中兽药技术领域，具体涉及一种用于防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂及其制备方法。
(二)背景技术
猪蓝耳病又称猪繁殖与呼吸系统综合征(PRRS)，是由猪繁殖与呼吸系统综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的猪以繁殖障碍和呼吸道症状为主要特征的一种高度传染性疾病。该病呈地方流行性，PRRSV只感染猪，以妊娠母猪和1月龄以内的仔猪最易感。主要传播途径是接触感染、空气传播和精液传播，也可通过血液循环穿过胎盘使胎猪受到感染，从而引起妊娠后期母猪流产等繁殖障碍。
发病母猪主要表现为精神沉郁、食欲减少或废绝、发热，出现不同程度的呼吸困难，妊娠后期，母猪发生流产、早产、死胎、木乃伊胎、弱仔。母猪流产率可达50％～70％，死产率可达35％以上，木乃伊可达25％，部分新生仔猪表现呼吸困难，运动失调及轻瘫等症状，产后1周内死亡率明显增高(40％～80％)。少数母猪表现为产后无乳、胎衣停滞及阴道分泌物增多。1月龄仔猪表现出典型的呼吸道症状，呼吸困难，有时呈腹式呼吸，食欲减退或废绝，体温升高到40℃以上，腹泻。被毛粗乱，共济失调，渐进性消瘦，眼睑水肿。少部分仔猪可见耳部、体表皮肤发紫，断奶前仔猪死亡率可达80％～100％，断奶后仔猪的增重降低，日增重可下降50％～75％，死亡率升高(10％～25％)。耐过猪生长缓慢，易继发其他疾病。生长猪和育肥猪表现出轻度的临诊症状，有不同程序的呼吸系统症状，少数病例可表现出咳嗽及双耳背面、边缘、腹部及尾部皮肤出现深紫色。感染猪易发生继发感染，并出现相应症状。
目前，猪蓝耳病多数采用接种疫苗，并结合后期在饲料中添加药物及环境消毒的方式进行预防和治疗。但是目前还没有针对高致病性猪蓝耳病的疫苗，养殖场多数采用自家苗、PRRS弱毒苗、进口的多联苗等，接种过多的疫苗，对动物机体免疫系统造成影响较大，容易导致机体免疫失调。在饲料中添加一些解热镇痛类、抗菌素类以及抗病毒类药物，对治疗高致病性猪蓝耳病效果不好，并容易引起毒副作用、免疫抑制和诸多并发感染。对环境进行消毒，只能作为一种辅助手段，无法实现真正有效的预防和治疗作用。而现有的中兽药制剂大多为粉散剂，使用不方便，投药量大，有效成分生物利用率低，临床效果不理想。
(三)发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对猪蓝耳病的临床症状提供一种标本兼治，疗效稳定，安全方便，价格低廉的中兽药颗粒剂，以降低死亡率，提高母猪产仔率，创造更多的社会价值和经济利益。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种用于防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂，所述中兽药颗粒剂的原料按重量份数表示为：
石膏20～25份、水牛角15～20份、玄参8～10份、大青叶8～10份、赤芍6～9份、丹皮6～9份、黄芩8～10份、连翘6～8份、竹茹6～8份、紫菀(蜜炙)6～8份、麦冬6～8份。
所述中兽药颗粒剂的制备方法如下：
以上11味，黄芩加8～10倍量的50％～60％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1.5小时，滤过，合并滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味，并浓缩成相对密度为1.30～1.32(65℃)的清膏，减压干燥，粉碎成细粉，备用；水牛角加全方10～12倍量水煎煮2.5小时，再加入黄芩药渣和石膏煎煮30分钟，然后加入剩余8味中药，煎煮二次，每次1小时，合并滤液，12000r/min在线离心，上清液浓缩成相对密度为1.15～1.20(40℃)的清膏，喷雾干燥，与上述黄芩提取物混合，加入糊精和葡萄糖等辅料，混匀，制粒，干燥，制成相当于中药原料0.8～1倍量的颗粒剂。
本发明针对猪蓝耳病临床症状进行辨证组方，就高致病性猪蓝耳病临床症状来看，发热、咳嗽等为卫分证；发热、尿黄及咳喘气粗、胸痛等为气分证；出血、斑疹红紫为营血证；流产、死胎实为气血失调，血为热灼，络损血溢，而致胎漏、胎动不安。以气营分证为主。本发明处方中以石膏清热泻火，为君药，水牛角、玄参、大青叶、赤芍、丹皮清热解毒、凉血消斑，为臣药，黄芩、连翘、竹茹、紫菀、麦冬清热润肺、化痰止咳，为佐药。诸药合用，共奏清热解毒、凉血消斑、止咳平喘之功效。
(四)具体实施方式：
本发明通过以下实施例进一步详述，但不限于本实施例。
实施例1：一种用于防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂及其制备方法，按中药原料重量份数称取石膏20份、水牛角16份、玄参8份、大青叶8份、赤芍8份、丹皮6份、黄芩8份、连翘6份、竹茹8份、紫菀(蜜炙)8份、麦冬6份；黄芩加10倍量的50％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1.5小时，滤过，合并滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味，并浓缩成相对密度为1.30(65℃)的清膏，减压干燥，粉碎成细粉，备用；水牛角加全方12倍量水煎煮2.5小时，再加入黄芩药渣和石膏煎煮30分钟，然后加入剩余8味中药，煎煮二次，每次1小时，合并滤液，12000r/min在线离心，上清液浓缩成相对密度为1.18(40℃)的清膏，喷雾干燥，与上述黄芩提取物混合，加入糊精和葡萄糖等辅料，混匀，制粒，干燥，制成相当于中药原料0.8倍量的颗粒剂，即得颗粒剂一。
本发明的技术方案是通过系统的药物处方及制剂工艺筛选研究而得，如不遵循本配方组成重量份数关系及制备工艺，随意制备颗粒剂。
称取石膏10份、水牛角10份、玄参10份、大青叶10份、赤芍10份、丹皮10份、黄芩10份、连翘10份、竹茹10份、紫菀(蜜炙)10份、麦冬10份；黄芩加10倍量的80％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1小时，滤过，合并滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味，并浓缩成相对密度为1.35(65℃)的清膏，减压干燥，粉碎成细粉，备用；水牛角加全方10倍量水煎煮1小时，再加入黄芩药渣和石膏煎煮15分钟，然后加入剩余8味中药，煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并滤液，12000r/min在线离心，上清液浓缩成相对密度为1.20(40℃)的清膏，喷雾干燥，与上述黄芩提取物混合，加入糊精和葡萄糖等辅料，混匀，制粒，干燥，制成相当于中药原料0.8倍量的颗粒剂，即得对照颗粒剂。
本发明的技术方案与清瘟败毒散相比，在组方配伍中增加了凉血消斑、滋阴润肺与化痰止咳的药物，使本发明的技术方案对高致病性猪蓝耳病治疗效果更好。
实验室药物效果考察
通过预实验选取2分钟内咳嗽次数大于10次的健康、清洁昆明种小鼠入选实验，将合格小鼠40只，随机分为颗粒剂一组、对照颗粒剂组、清瘟败毒散(处方由石膏120g、地黄30g、水牛角60g、黄连20g、栀子30g、桔梗25g、黄芩25g、知母30g、赤芍25g、玄参25g、连翘30g、甘草15g、牡丹皮20g和淡竹叶25g)对照组和空白对照组，每组10只，雌雄各半。颗粒剂一组和对照颗粒剂组分别给予小鼠灌服0.5g/kg的颗粒剂，清瘟败毒散对照组给予小鼠灌服0.5g/kg的混悬液，各组均采用生理盐水稀释成0.4ml灌胃，每天1次，连续给药5天。末次给药1小时后，将小鼠置于500ml玻璃钟罩内，用压缩空气雾化器喷雾28％的氨水5秒，立即取出小鼠，记录引咳潜伏期和2分钟内咳嗽次数。试验结果见表1。
表1对小鼠咳嗽的影响
注：小写字母不同表示差异显著(P＜0.05)；大写字母不同表示差异极显著(P＜0.01)。
上述结果说明，本发明的中兽药颗粒剂可以延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期，减少咳嗽次数，同时也说明中药合理的配伍可以提高药效。
为了进一步验证本发明的中兽药颗粒剂的治疗作用，进行了患蓝耳病猪的临床试验。
供试地点：安徽省毫州市利辛县某养殖小区。
试验动物：患病仔猪60头，分成4组，每组15头，分别为颗粒剂一组、对照颗粒剂组、清瘟败毒散对照组和不给药组，颗粒剂一组和对照颗粒剂组分别给予灌服0.5g/kg的颗粒剂，清瘟败毒散对照组给予灌服1g/kg的混悬液，每天1次，连续给药7天，停药后继续观察2周。试验结果见下表2。
表2各组试验猪临床治疗效果
组别 病例数 治愈率 有效率 无效率 总有效率
不给药组 15 0 0 100％ 0
颗粒剂一组 15 80％ 13％ 7％ 93％
对照颗粒剂组 15 53％ 20％ 27％ 73％
清瘟败毒散对照组 15 67％ 13％ 20％ 80％
上述结果说明，本发明的中兽药颗粒剂、对照颗粒剂及清瘟败毒散对患蓝耳病的猪的总有效率均显著高于不给药组，本发明的中兽药颗粒剂对患蓝耳病的猪的总有效率优于对照颗粒剂组和清瘟败毒散组，说明本发明的药物组方对猪蓝耳病的治疗效果优于清瘟败毒散，再一次说明了中药合理的配伍可以提高药效。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂，其特征是由石膏、水牛角、玄参、大青叶、赤芍、丹皮、黄芩、连翘、竹茹、紫菀(蜜炙)、麦冬组成的，它们的重量份数为：
石膏20～25份、水牛角15～20份、玄参8～10份、大青叶8～10份、赤芍6～9份、丹皮6～9份、黄芩8～10份、连翘6～8份、竹茹6～8份、紫菀(蜜炙)6～8份、麦冬6～8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂，其特征在于制备方法为：
选取上述11味，黄芩加8～10倍量的50％～60％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1.5小时，滤过，合并滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味，并浓缩成相对密度为1.30～1.32(65℃)的清膏，减压干燥，粉碎成细粉，备用；水牛角加全方10～12倍量水煎煮2.5小时，再加入黄芩药渣和石膏煎煮30分钟，然后加入剩余8味中药，煎煮二次，每次1小时，合并滤液，12000r/min在线离心，上清液浓缩成相对密度为1.15～1.20(40℃)的清膏，喷雾干燥，与上述黄芩提取物混合，加入糊精和葡萄糖等辅料，混匀，制粒，干燥，制成相当于中药原料0.8～1倍量的颗粒剂。
3.根据权利要求1～2任一述的防治猪蓝耳病的中兽药颗粒剂，其特征在于可制备成灌注液、口服液、注射液和可溶性粉。
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