CN108465098B - 一种防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物,其原料组成为:附子8‑12份、干姜8‑12份、贯众15‑25份、川芎15‑25份、葶苈子45‑55份、忍冬花8‑12份、柴胡15‑25份、丹参15‑25份、生地15‑25份、泽泻15‑25份、苍术10‑20份、当归10‑20份、半枝莲15‑25份、山豆根15‑25份、五味子15‑25份、甘草10‑20份。本发明的中药组合物组方合理,可协同增效;而且,本发明中药组合物中各原料药经适宜的制备方法得到有效部位或有效部位群,对新城疫病毒具有灭活和抑制作用,同时还能促进机体免疫功能而达到抗病毒的作用;从而实现对新城疫病的有效治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一种防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物。
背景技术
新城疫是由新城疫病毒(NDV)引起的一种主要侵害鸡、火鸡、野禽及观赏鸟类的高度接触传染性、致死性疾病,被国际兽医局列为对动物危害最大的A类传染病。新城疫在我国流行多年,是危害我国养禽业最重要的烈性传染病之一,是兽医界高度关注的热点病。
目前对新城疫的防治手段有疫苗预防、西药治疗、中药治疗、卵黄抗体和高免血清治疗等。由于新的病毒类型不断产生,变异毒株、超强毒株相继出现,导致疫苗免疫预防的保护力度逐渐下降;使用抗毒素化学药物对新城疫的药效不大,且合成药周期长、成本高、毒副作用大;应用抗生素可以防止继发感染,但有导致免疫抑制等副作用,且易产生耐药性;应用高免血清、卵黄抗体治疗新城疫尽管疗效很好,但因成本太高、吸收慢、容易引起某些经蛋传播的传染病,常不被作为首选的治疗方法;中药治疗是在中兽医理论指导下用于动物疾病防治的手段,与西药相比具有天然性、多能性、低毒副、不易产生有害残留和耐药性等优点,为动物临床广泛应用。但目前用于治疗新城疫病的中草药及复方制剂多存在配方不精、治疗机理不明确等问题,治疗效果并不甚理想。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种新型的防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物。本发明的中药组合物组方合理,可协同增效;而且,本发明中药组合物中各原料药经适宜的制备方法得到有效部位或有效部位群,对新城疫病毒具有灭活和抑制作用,同时还能促进机体免疫功能而达到抗病毒的作用;从而实现对新城疫病的有效治疗。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明第一方面,提供一种防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物,其原料组成为:
附子8-12份、干姜8-12份、贯众15-25份、川芎15-25份、葶苈子45-55份、忍冬花8-12份、柴胡15-25份、丹参15-25份、生地15-25份、泽泻15-25份、苍术10-20份、当归10-20份、半枝莲15-25份、山豆根15-25份、五味子15-25份、甘草10-20份。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所述中药组合物的的原料组成为:
附子10份、干姜10份、贯众20份、川芎20份、葶苈子50份、忍冬花10份、柴胡20份、丹参20份、生地20份、泽泻20份、苍术15份、当归15份、半枝莲20份、山豆根20份、五味子20份、甘草15份。
中药的配伍讲究相须、相使、相畏、相杀、相恶、相反,由于不同的中药之间存在不同的配伍关系,因此在使用两味以上中药时,必须有所选择,充分发挥药物之间相须相使的配伍关系,使产品的临床效果得到显著提高。
本发明的防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物中,葶苈子能泻肺平喘,行水消肿,其提取成分对新城疫病毒具有直接杀灭作用,作为君药。附子能够回阳救逆,补获助阳,干姜能温中散寒,回阳通脉,温肺化饮,二者共为臣药。君臣相伍,则寒热兼治,相辅相成。贯众、忍冬花、柴胡、丹参、生地、泽泻、半枝莲和山豆根共为佐药,能助葶苈子以增强凉血解毒能力,更可活血散瘀、利水消肿。甘草和其他各药,防偏性且能增强机体免疫功能而为使药。诸药相合,相得益彰,对新城疫病具有很好的预防和治疗效果。
上述中药组合物中,各原料组分是一个有机的整体,缺一不可。发明人在研发过程中发现,减少上述组合物中的任何一种原料组分,或以具有相似药性的原料药对本发明中药组合物的原料组分进行替换,则中药组合物整体的作用效果显著降低;在本发明的中药组合物的基础上再增加其他的原料组分,中药组合物的整体效果并未有明显的改善,甚至有中药组合物的整体效果降低的情况出现。
上述用于防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物的制备,可以将各原料粉碎,混合均匀后使用;或加水煎煮;或者按照其他方法制备。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,上述防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物的制备方法为:
(1)将葶苈子粉碎,加入10-14重量倍的水,加热至80-100℃,保温浸提1-2h,提取2-4次,过滤,弃去滤渣,合并滤液;滤液粗滤后再用膜分离的方法分离出分子量在5000-10000之间的有效部位群,得提取物A;
(2)将附子和干姜粉碎后混合,加水煎煮2-4次,每次1-2小时,合并煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20(50℃测),加95%乙醇(体积分数)至溶液含醇量为70%,冷藏过夜,过滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得提取物B;
(3)将忍冬花、柴胡、丹参、生地、泽泻、半枝莲和山豆根粉碎后混合,经超临界CO2萃取,萃取压力为22-28MPa,萃取温度30-35℃,萃取时间为2-4h,得提取物C;
(4)将贯众、川芎、苍术、当归、五味子和甘草粉碎后混合,加入8-12重量倍的水,煎煮2-4次,合并煎煮液,得提取物D;
(5)将提取物A、提取物B、提取物C和提取物D混合,干燥,即得。
优选的,步骤(5)中,干燥采用冷冻干燥。
中药成分复杂,一种药材中既有水溶性成分,又有油溶性或醇溶性成分,不同提取部位的药理活性不同,且有些活性成分在高温下容易失活,因此通过选择合适的提取方法和提取工艺对中药有效成分进行提取分离,可以最大限度的提取出有效成分并保证有效成分的活性,从而保证产品的临床效果。此外,将多种中药采用适宜的方法进行混合提取,可能会增加药物有效成分的溶解度,消除或减弱某些药物的毒性,以及生成新物质,发挥新的疗效作用。
为进一步提高本发明的防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物的整体疗效,本发明对该中药组合物中的原料药分别采用不同的方法进行提取,以尽可能的去除无效杂质以纯化制剂,同时发挥不同提取物之间的协同增效作用。经试验验证,采用本发明优选的制备方法,将中药组合物中的原料药分类并采用不同的提取方法进行混合提取,即:将葶苈子加水提取,以分子量在5000-10000之间的有效部位群作为有效成分;将附子和干姜采用水提醇沉法提取有效成分;将忍冬花、柴胡、丹参、生地、泽泻、半枝莲和山豆根采用超临界CO2萃取,得到有效成分;将贯众、川芎、苍术、当归、五味子和甘草采用水煎煮提取,得到有效成分;将这三种有效成分再混合,可以最大限度的提取出中药组合物中的有效成分并保证有效成分的活性,去除无效甚至是有害的成分,从而保证产品的临床效果。特别是本发明所采用的原料药中,附子、贯众具有一定的毒性,采用本发明的方法对提取处理,可以消除这些药物的毒性,经安全性验证,采用本发明的方法制备的中药组合物对家禽无毒副作用,安全性好。
上述中药组合物在制备防治家禽新城疫病的饲料添加剂中的应用也是本发明的保护范围。
所述应用中,具体应用方法为:每1g中药组合物拌料500g,连用3-5天。
本发明还保护上述中药组合物在制备预防和/或治疗家禽新城疫病的药物制剂中的应用。
本发明第三方面,提供一种防治家禽新城疫病的药物制剂,由上述中药组合物和药学上可接受的辅料制备而成。
上述药物制剂可以制成各种药物剂型,如散剂、粉剂、溶液剂、可溶性粉剂或针剂。
所述药学上可接受的辅料为常规的兽药辅料,如:甜味剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、黏合剂等。优选为环糊精、淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、麦芽糊精中的一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明的中药组合物组方合理,可协同增效,君药为寒性,臣药为热性,寒热并用,相辅相成。中药组合物中的个原料药经有效提取后,能够多层次、多靶点的阻断新城疫病毒吸附、穿入、复制、成熟等过程的某一或某些环节,而对新城疫病毒起到抑制和杀灭作用;并通过诱生干扰素和促进机体免于功能而达到抗病毒作用。
(2)本发明的中药组合物毒副作用小、使用安全,对感染新城疫病毒的鸡胚的保护作用可达到100%以上,不易复发,不产生耐药性,避免了兽药残留的发生。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本申请的技术方案。
本发明实施例和对比例中所用的试验材料均为本领域常规的试验材料,均可通过商业渠道购买得到。
实施例1:
1.原料药组成:
附子10克、干姜10克、贯众20克、川芎20克、葶苈子(本实施例中使用的为“南葶苈子”,即十字花科植物播娘蒿Descurainia sophia(L.)Webb.ex Prantl.的干燥成熟种子)50克、忍冬花10克、柴胡20克、丹参20克、生地20克、泽泻20克、苍术15克、当归15克、半枝莲20克、山豆根20克、五味子(本实施例中使用的为“北五味子”)20克、甘草15克。
2.制备方法:
(1)将葶苈子粉碎,加入12重量倍的水,加热至100℃,保温浸提1h,提取3次,过滤,弃去滤渣,合并滤液;滤液粗滤后再用膜分离的方法分离出分子量在5000-10000之间的有效部位群,得提取物A;
(2)将附子和干姜粉碎后混合,加水煎煮3次,每次1小时,合并煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20(50℃测),加95%乙醇(体积分数)至溶液含醇量为70%,冷藏过夜,过滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得提取物B;
(3)将忍冬花、柴胡、丹参、生地、泽泻、半枝莲和山豆根粉碎后混合,经超临界CO2萃取,萃取压力为26MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间为3h,得提取物C;
(4)将贯众、川芎、苍术、当归、五味子和甘草粉碎后混合,加入10重量倍的水,煎煮3次,合并煎煮液,得提取物D;
(5)将提取物A、提取物B、提取物C和提取物D混合,冷冻干燥,即得防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物。
实施例2:
原料药组成:
附子8克、干姜12克、贯众15克、川芎25克、葶苈子45克、忍冬花12克、柴胡15克、丹参25克、生地15克、泽泻25克、苍术10克、当归20克、半枝莲15克、山豆根25克、五味子15克、甘草20克。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3:
原料药组成:
附子12克、干姜8克、贯众25克、川芎15克、葶苈子55克、忍冬花8克、柴胡25克、丹参15克、生地25克、泽泻15克、苍术20克、当归10克、半枝莲25克、山豆根15克、五味子25克、甘草10克。
制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1:
本发明在研发过程中对具有相近药性的多味原料药进行了配伍关系的考察和药效的研究,结果发现,即使某几味原料药之间的药性相似,但与其他不同的原料药配伍使用后,其药效效果差别显著。例如:将实施例1的药物配方中的原料药组分“葶苈子”替换为“玄参”,将“忍冬花”、“柴胡”、“丹参”和“泽泻”分别替换为“石菖蒲”、“赤芍”、“蒲公英”和“泽兰”,其余原料药同实施例1;
采用如下方法制备:
(1)将玄参粉碎,加入12重量倍的水,加热至100℃,保温浸提1h,提取3次,过滤,弃去滤渣,合并滤液;滤液粗滤后再用膜分离的方法分离出分子量在5000-10000之间的有效部位群,得提取物A;
(2)将附子和干姜粉碎后混合,加水煎煮3次,每次1小时,合并煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20(50℃测),加95%乙醇(体积分数)至溶液含醇量为70%,冷藏过夜,过滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得提取物B;
(3)将石菖蒲、赤芍、蒲公英、泽兰、生地、半枝莲和山豆根粉碎后混合,经超临界CO2萃取,萃取压力为26MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间为3h,得提取物C;
(4)将贯众、川芎、苍术、当归、五味子和甘草粉碎后混合,加入10重量倍的水,煎煮3次,合并煎煮液,得提取物D;
(5)将提取物A、提取物B、提取物C和提取物D混合,冷冻干燥,得中药组合物A。
对比例2:
本发明在研发过程中还对组方中的原料药组成种类进行了加减优化考察。例如:将实施例1的药物组方中的附子、干姜、半枝莲和山豆根省略,其余同实施例1,并按实施例1的方法制备成中药组合物B。
再例如,在实施例1的药物组方的基础上再增加黄芪、板蓝根和大青叶3味原料药,原料药的用量参照药典中的用量,增加的这3味药与贯众等6味药一起进行水煎煮处理,并按实施例1的方法制备成中药组合物C。
对比例3:
中药组合物中各原料药的药量是标识药力的,即使方剂的药物组成相同,但若药物的用量各不相同,其药力则有大小之分,配伍关系则有君臣佐使之变,从而其功主治则各有所异。本发明在研发过程中对中药组合物中的各个原料的含量进行了考察和药效的研究,结果发现,不合适的原料配比关系,其药效效果差别显著。例如:将实施例1中葶苈子、生地、泽泻、半枝莲和山豆根的重量份加倍,将附子、干姜、忍冬花、柴胡和丹参的重量份减半;其他原料的用量同实施例1,并按实施例1的方法制备成中药组合物D。
对比例4:
中药的成分十分复杂,既含有多种有效成分,又有无效成分,也不含有毒成分,采用不同方法制备的中药复方制剂的药效存在显著差异。本发明在研发过程中还对中药组合物的制备方法进行了研究,结果发现,不同方法制备的中药组合物,即使中药组合物所采用的原料药一致,但中药组合物的药效效果差别显著。例如,将实施例1中的中药组合物的制备方法调整为:按重量份称取各原料药,粉碎后混合,加入10重量倍的水,煎煮3次,合并煎煮液,浓缩,干燥,制备成中药组合物E。
试验例1:中药组合物对鸡胚的安全性测定
将实施例1-3制备的中药组合物分别用无菌生理盐水配制成浓度为1g/ml的溶液,采用鸡胚尿囊腔接种组合物的方法进行测定。具体如下:
将中药组合物用生理盐水分别进行1、5、10、50、100倍稀释,按0.2ml/只的剂量分别注入9日龄的SPF鸡胚尿囊腔内,放于37℃恒温培养箱中孵育,间隔12h再注射1次,每组10枚鸡胚,继续孵育,每天观察鸡胚的状态,将24h内死亡的鸡胚弃去,25-72h死亡的鸡胚及时取出,放入4℃冰箱冷冻6h后,解剖观察鸡胚发育及死亡状况。活胚继续孵化直至出雏。以对鸡胚安全不致死的最大浓度为最小致死浓度,根据最小致死浓度确定中药组合物对鸡胚的安全性。
结果发现,接种实施例1-3制备的中药组合物,接种鸡胚均为零死亡,因此,本发明的中药组合物对鸡胚是安全的。
试验例2:中药组合物对鸡胚的保护作用测定
将实施例1制备的中药组合物以及对比例1-4制备的中药组合物与新城疫病毒采用以下两种方式进行作用,计算鸡胚的成活率和鸡胚尿囊液病毒效价。
(1)预防:将实施例1以及对比例1-4制备的中药组合物分别用无菌生理盐水配制成浓度为10mg/ml的溶液,均以0.2ml/枚接种于鸡胚,37℃恒温培养2-4h,再接种0.2ml/枚NDV I系病毒。
(2)治疗:将NDV I系病毒液按0.2ml/枚接种于鸡胚,37℃恒温培养2-4h,再将制备的中药组合物溶液按0.2ml/枚接种于鸡胚。
同时,以生理盐水替代中药组合物溶液以上述2种形式与NDV作用,注入鸡胚,作为阴性对照。
每组20枚鸡胚,37℃恒温培养,观察鸡胚的成活情况,弃去24h内死亡的鸡胚,收集24-72h鸡胚的尿囊液,采用血凝试验测定各组鸡胚尿囊液病毒的滴度,并计算中药组合物对鸡胚的保护率。
保护率=(总鸡胚数-死亡鸡胚数)/总鸡胚数×100%。
各组鸡胚尿囊液病毒的滴度测定结果见表1。
表1:鸡胚尿囊液NDV的血凝效价(log2)测定结果
由表1可以看出,本发明实施例1的中药组合物对新城疫病毒的抑制作用要显著优于对比例1(中药组合物A)。说明本发明的组合物符合中药的配伍关系,各组分之间具有协同促进作用,并非是具有相似药性的原料药的简单替换和组合。
由实施例1制备的中药组合物和中药组合物B-D相比较可以看出,在实施例1的药物组方基础上,无论再增加原料药的种类或减少原料药的种类,或者调整实施例1的中药组合物中各原料药的用量,都会降低其对新城疫病毒的抑制作用。
由实施例1制备的中药组合物和中药组合物E相比较可以看出,制备方法对制备的中药组合物的药效具有非常关键的作用,采用本发明的制备方法制备的中药组合物可以显著提高对新城疫病毒的抑制作用。
试验过程中,24h内,各试验组和阴性对照组均无鸡胚死亡;48-60h,2种作用方式的阴性对照组均有8枚鸡胚死亡,鸡胚存活率为60%;72h以后,对照组鸡胚全部死亡。
实施例1制备的中药化合物组,在60h以前,鸡胚全部成活,保护率为100%;当孵育至84h时,2种作用方式的鸡胚仍全部存活,鸡胚存活率为100%。
中药组合物A组,在60h以前,鸡胚全部成活;当孵育至84h时,采用预防作用方式组,出现2枚鸡胚死亡,存活率为90%,采用治疗作用方式组,出现5枚鸡胚死亡,鸡胚存活率为75%。
中药组合物B组,在60h以前,鸡胚全部成活;当孵育至84h时,采用预防作用方式组,出现1枚鸡胚死亡,存活率为95%,采用治疗作用方式组,出现3枚鸡胚死亡,鸡胚存活率为85%。
中药组合物C组,在60h以前,鸡胚全部成活;当孵育至84h时,采用预防作用方式组,出现2枚鸡胚死亡,存活率为90%,采用治疗作用方式组,出现4枚鸡胚死亡,鸡胚存活率为80%。
中药组合物D组,在60h以前,鸡胚全部成活;当孵育至84h时,采用预防作用方式组,出现1枚鸡胚死亡,存活率为95%,采用治疗作用方式组,出现4枚鸡胚死亡,鸡胚存活率为80%。
中药组合物E组,在60h以前,鸡胚全部成活;当孵育至84h时,采用预防作用方式组,出现3枚鸡胚死亡,存活率为85%,采用治疗作用方式组,出现6枚鸡胚死亡,鸡胚存活率为70%。
试验例3:对肉鸡新城疫的治疗效果
2017年10月,山东泰安某养殖户饲养的肉鸡在30日龄时突然发病,鸡采食量下降,有明显的呼吸道症状,病鸡双翅下垂,闭目缩颈,呆立嗜睡,少数鸡倒提口腔里有酸臭的液体流出,食欲减退,大群鸡粪便恶臭,拉黄、白、绿色水样粪便,日均死亡20余只。病死鸡解剖可见气管充血,有粘液,肝脏肿大,脾胃乳头水肿,十二指肠弥漫性出血,在卵黄蒂处形成明显的突起物。小肠、回肠出血,胸腔、腹腔及肠系膜有大量淡黄色纤维性渗出物,小肠壁变薄,充气,初步诊断为鸡新城疫。
立即随机把1500只鸡随机分为3组,每组500只鸡,分别在基础日粮中添加本发明实施例1-3的中药组合物拌料,各组中药组合物均按每1g拌料500g,连用5天。
结果发现,饲喂实施例1的中药组合物拌料后,鸡只的精神状态出现好转,采食量上升,饲喂1天后,鸡群停止死亡,采食量明显上升,5天后鸡群恢复正常,治疗过程中鸡群的死亡率为0.5%。
饲喂实施例2的中药组合物拌料,饲喂4天后,鸡群停止死亡,采食量出现上升,5天后鸡群恢复正常,治疗过程中鸡群的死亡率为5%。
饲喂实施例3的中药组合物拌料,饲喂3天后,鸡群停止死亡,采食量出现上升,5天后鸡群恢复正常,治疗过程中鸡群的死亡率为4%。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种防治家禽新城疫病的中药组合物,其特征在于,其原料组成为:
附子8-12份、干姜8-12份、贯众15-25份、川芎15-25份、葶苈子45-55份、忍冬花8-12份、柴胡15-25份、丹参15-25份、生地15-25份、泽泻15-25份、苍术10-20份、当归10-20份、半枝莲15-25份、山豆根15-25份、五味子15-25份、甘草10-20份;
所述中药组合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将葶苈子粉碎,加入10-14重量倍的水,加热至80-100℃,保温浸提1-2h,提取2-4次,过滤,弃去滤渣,合并滤液;滤液粗滤后再用膜分离的方法分离出分子量在5000-10000之间的有效部位群,得提取物A;
(2)将附子和干姜粉碎后混合,加水煎煮2-4次,每次1-2小时,合并煎煮液,将煎煮液浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20,50℃测;加体积分数为95%的乙醇至溶液含醇量为70%,冷藏过夜,过滤,滤液浓缩干燥,得提取物B;
(3)将忍冬花、柴胡、丹参、生地、泽泻、半枝莲和山豆根粉碎后混合,经超临界CO2萃取,萃取压力为22-28MPa,萃取温度30-35℃,萃取时间为2-4h,得提取物C;
(4)将贯众、川芎、苍术、当归、五味子和甘草粉碎后混合,加入8-12重量倍的水,煎煮2-4次,合并煎煮液,得提取物D;
(5)将提取物A、提取物B、提取物C和提取物D混合,干燥,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,其原料组成为:
附子10份、干姜10份、贯众20份、川芎20份、葶苈子50份、忍冬花10份、柴胡20份、丹参20份、生地20份、泽泻20份、苍术15份、当归15份、半枝莲20份、山豆根20份、五味子20份、甘草15份。
3.权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物在制备防治家禽新城疫病的饲料添加剂中的应用。
4.权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物在制备预防和/或治疗家禽新城疫病的药物制剂中的应用。
5.一种防治家禽新城疫病的药物制剂,其特征在于,由权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物和药学上可接受的辅料制备而成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料为崩解剂、润滑剂、甜味剂或黏合剂。
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