CN107252893A - 一种金属工件的激光3d打印方法及其系统 - Google Patents
一种金属工件的激光3d打印方法及其系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种金属工件的激光3D打印方法及其系统,方法包括以下步骤:第一步、采用连续激光或脉冲激光对金属粉末进行3D烧结;第二步、利用短脉宽激光对3D烧结的部件进行激光诱导的激波冲击;第三步、采用连续激光或脉冲激光对3D烧结的部件进行抛光处理。当打印物件包括不同材料粉末时,根据各材料粉末的光学特性选择合适的激光波长、脉宽、脉冲能量等参数,应用上述三步实现具有功能梯度的物件的3D打印。与现有技术相比,本发明的金属工件的激光3D打印系统,在打印金属工件的过程中通过改变激光脉冲宽度来控制激光烧结的程度,改善金属工件在打印过程中出现孔隙、过烧及球化现象的情况,提高金属工件的致密度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印技术领域,尤其涉及一种针对于金属工件的激光3D 打印方法及其系统。
背景技术
3D打印技术,是一种以数字模型文件为基础,运用粉末状金属或塑料等 可粘合材料,通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。它无需机械加工或任 何模具,就能直接从计算机图形数据中生成任何形状的零件,从而极大地缩 短产品的研制周期,提高生产率和降低生产成本。
激光烧结技术利用粉末材料在激光照射下烧结的原理,由计算机控制层 层堆结成型。激光烧结技术可以使用非常多的粉末材料,并制成相应材质的 成品,激光烧结的成品精度好、强度高,但是最主要的优势还是在于金属成 品的制作。激光烧结可以直接烧结金属零件,也可以间接烧结金属零件,最 终成品的强度远远优于其他3D打印技术。
然而,传统金属3D打印工件在接卸性能上存在很大的缺陷,主要 表现在由于激光3D打印属于层层堆叠,打印过程中会出现孔隙、过烧现 象及球化现象,所以导致打印成的金属工件致密度低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种金属工件的激光3D打印方法及其系统,其解 决了现有3D打印金属工件致密度低的技术问题。
为达到上述目的,本发明所提出的技术方案为:
本发明的一种金属工件的激光3D打印方法,其包括以下步骤:
第一步、采用连续激光或脉冲激光对金属粉末进行3D烧结;
第二步、利用短脉宽激光对3D烧结的部件进行激光诱导的激波冲击;
第三步、采用连续激光或脉冲激光对3D烧结的部件进行抛光处理。
其中,当3D打印涉及多种材料的粉末时,还包括根据各材料粉末的光学 特性选择激光波长、脉冲能量和脉宽,重复所述第一步至第三步工艺,实施 功能梯度3D打印。
实现如上所述金属工件的激光3D打印方法的系统,其包括:工控机;连 接并由所述工控机控制的脉宽可调的激光器及其扫描装置;以及连接并由所 述工控机控制的、接受所述激光扫描装置的扫描以进行金属工件3D打印的金 属池装置。
其中,所述的金属池装置包括密封腔及设于所述密封腔内的粉料缸、成 型缸及铺粉辊。
其中,所述的金属池装置还包括:连通于所述密封腔的抽气装置。
其中,所述的抽气装置与密封腔对应的连通通道上设有粉尘净化器。
其中,所述的金属池装置还包括连通于密封腔的充气装置。
其中,所述的激光扫描装置包括:连接于工控机并根据工控机的控制调 节脉宽的激光器;连接于所述激光器的扩束装置;及连接于所述扩束装置、 对金属池装置进行激光扫描的振镜透镜组件。
与现有技术相比,本发明的金属工件的激光3D打印方法及其系统,在打 印金属工件的过程中通过改变激光脉冲宽度来控制激光烧结的程度,改善金 属工件在打印过程中出现孔隙、过烧及球化现象的情况,提高金属工件的致 密度。
附图说明
图1为本发明的金属工件的激光3D打印系统的功能模块框图。
图2为本发明的采用金属工件的激光3D打印系统的3D打印方法流程图。
具体实施方式
以下参考附图,对本发明予以进一步地详尽阐述。
请参阅附图1,在本实施例中,该请参照图1,本实施例的金属工件的激 光3D打印系统主要包括工控机10,激光扫描装置20及金属池装置30。工 控机10控制激光扫描装置20对放置于金属池装置30内的金属粉末进行3D 打印。
其中,工控机10与激光扫描装置20及金属池装置30连接,并控制激光 扫描装置20及金属池装置30。
进一步的,上述激光扫描装置20包括:连接于工控机10并根据工控机 10的控制调节脉宽的激光器21、连接于激光器21的扩束装置22及连接于扩 束装置22并对金属池装置30进行激光扫描的振镜透镜组件23。
其中,金属池装置30包括密封腔31、连通于密封腔31的抽气装置32、 设在抽气装置32与密封腔31对应的连通通道上的粉尘净化器33及连通于密 封腔31的充气装置34。
其中,上述金属池装置30还包括:设于密封腔31内的粉料缸、成型缸 及铺粉辊(附图中并未示出)。
优选的,上述密封腔31内还可以设置多种传感器,用于监视密封腔31 内的工作环境和工作状态。
更具体的,抽气装置32可以为真空泵;充气装置34输送的保护气体可 以为氩气、氙气及其他惰性气体中的一种或多种,保护气体将金属粉末与空 气隔离,从而避免金属粉末氧化。
本实施例的金属工件的3D打印系统的工作原理为:激光3D打印过程开 始后,工控机10控制抽气装置32工作,把密封腔31内空气抽空,然后工控 机10控制关闭抽气装置32并打开粉尘净化器33及充气装置34输送保护气 体,将密封腔31充满;铺粉辊铺设第一层金属粉末至预定位置,工控机10 调节激光器21以预定脉冲出光,控制激光束按第一层的填充扫描路径扫描, 烧结所铺设的第一层金属粉末;加工出第一层后,粉料缸上升一定厚度的距离,铺粉辊在已加工好的第一层铺设好第二层金属粉末,工控机10调节激光 器21以预定脉冲出光并控制激光束按第二层的填充扫描路径扫描,烧结所铺 设的第二层金属粉末;如此层层加工,直到整个金属工件的打印完成。
请参阅附图2,本实施例还公开了一种采用上述金属工件的激光3D打印 系统的3D打印方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,利用连续激光或脉冲激光对金属粉末进行3D烧结;
第二步,在烧结的同时或之后,利用短脉宽激光对3D烧结的部件进行 激光诱导的激波冲击(laser shockpeening),以增强部件的机械性能;
第三步,根据实际需要,利用连续激光或脉冲激光对3D烧结的部件进 行抛光处理;
第四步,当3D打印涉及多种材料的粉末,如相邻层采用不同的材料(粉 末),或同一层不同位置采用不同的材料(粉末),根据各材料(粉末)的光 学特性选择合适的激光波长、脉冲能量和脉宽,应用上述工艺,实现功能梯 度材料的打印、冲击和抛光。
本实施例的金属工件的3D打印系统通过对激光束的脉冲宽度进行调节 来改变金属粉末吸收的能量,进而改变金属粉末的金属颗粒的熔化量,从而 降低金属熔体粘度和表面张力,增加熔池深度和宽度,使得金属颗粒间 的粘结力增加,进而增加金属工件的致密度。
上述内容,仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非用于限制本发明的实施方案, 本领域普通技术人员根据本发明的主要构思和精神,可以十分方便地进行相 应的变通或修改,故本发明的保护范围应以权利要求书所要求的保护范围为 准。
Claims (8)
1.一种金属工件的激光3D打印方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步、采用连续激光或脉冲激光对金属粉末进行3D烧结;
第二步、利用短脉宽激光对3D烧结的部件进行激光诱导的激波冲击;
第三步、采用连续激光或脉冲激光对3D烧结的部件进行抛光处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的金属工件的激光3D打印方法,其特征在于,当3D打印涉及多种材料的粉末时,还包括根据各材料的粉末的光学特性选择激光波长、脉冲能量和脉宽,重复所述第一步至第三步工艺,实施功能梯度3D打印。
3.实现如权利要求1或2任意一项所述的金属工件的激光3D打印方法的系统,其特征在于,包括:工控机;连接并由所述工控机控制的脉宽可调的激光器及其扫描装置;以及连接并由所述工控机控制的、接受所述激光扫描装置的扫描以进行金属工件3D打印的金属池装置。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于,所述的金属池装置包括密封腔及设于所述密封腔内的粉料缸、成型缸及铺粉辊。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统,其特征在于,所述的金属池装置还包括:连通于所述密封腔的抽气装置。
6.如权利要求5所述的系统,其特征在于,所述的抽气装置与密封腔对应的连通通道上设有粉尘净化器。
7.如权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于,所述的金属池装置还包括连通于密封腔的充气装置。
8.如权利要求3至7任意一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述的激光扫描装置包括:连接于工控机并根据工控机的控制调节脉宽的激光器;连接于所述激光器的扩束装置;及连接于所述扩束装置、对金属池装置进行激光扫描的振镜透镜组件。
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