CN107211932A - A kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107211932A CN107211932A CN201710394913.XA CN201710394913A CN107211932A CN 107211932 A CN107211932 A CN 107211932A CN 201710394913 A CN201710394913 A CN 201710394913A CN 107211932 A CN107211932 A CN 107211932A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- abalone
- water
- pond
- bao
- benthic diatom
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method, method includes：A. the culture of benthic diatom, using the 3000lx of intense light irradiation 2000.B. Bao floating larvae directly is cultivated with 5 10 square bar ponds, i.e. starting screen cloth preferably concentrates counting after being floated to Bao floating larvae rupture of membranes.C. determine pelagic period abalone fry quantity according to count results, and be pre-placed in the culture pond of benthic diatom and cultivated by certain density input.Change the time that Bao larva in original technology enters great Chi, so that floating larvae is cultivated under large space, low-density, reduce the mechanical damage that a screen cloth drags choosing, solve predicament of the Bao floating larvae in the mortality of settlement and metamorphosis phase well, survival rate is improved, larva settlement and metamorphosis rate is improved.Reduce again plant Bao buy, cultivate, the fund employed with personnel of hastening parturition, reduce production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to abalone culture technical field, and in particular to a kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method.
Background technology
Haliotis discus hannai Ino and the artificial breeding of Haliotis diversicolor have achieved success, and apply in production extensively, and Bao Yumiao is passed
In technique of uniting, it is placed on when Bao larva closes on settlement and metamorphosis in benthic diatom pond, it is obtained good bait environment, enter
And improve larva settlement and metamorphosis rate and young Bao survival rate.But traditional Bao seedling raising process is for example passed at present there is also many problems
System seedling raising process is to carry out concentrating again when the floating larvae later stage closes on settlement and metamorphosis dragging choosing to move into placement benthic diatom in advance
In culture pond, this method before settlement and metamorphosis in limited container (hatching cylinder or tank) due to only cultivating, larvae cultivation density
Greatly, hypoevolutism, and screen cloth of increase drags the mechanical damage of choosing (or siphon), adds and enters water caused by pond when closing on metamorphosis
Environmental change is excessive, and larva survival rate and distortion ratio are relatively low.
Therefore, prior art also needs to further improve and develop.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to provide a kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method, it is intended to solve larvae cultivation density greatly, hair
Educate slow, the problem of larva survival rate and low distortion ratio.
The technical scheme used for：
A kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method, method includes：
A. the culture of benthic diatom, using intense light irradiation 2000-3000lx.
B. Bao floating larvae directly is cultivated with 5-10 square bars pond, it is excellent to start screen cloth after being floated to Bao floating larvae rupture of membranes
Choosing concentration is counted.
C. pelagic period abalone fry quantity is determined according to count results, and benthic diatom is pre-placed by certain density input
Culture pond in cultivated.
The volume in benthic diatom pond is 5-10 side.
Culture pond is the bar shaped pond containing 5-10 cubes of water body.
The basket frame of 6 frames is set in culture pond per square meter floor space, 20 benthic diatom plates, every bottom are set on basket frame per frame
Diatom plate gauge lattice of dwelling are 330 × 420mm.
Culture pond specification is pond depth 65cm, depth of water 50cm.
Benthic diatom plate is by adhering to the chevron-shaped of benthic diatom into corrugated plating is by transparent or white polyethylene board system
Into.
In step C, pelagic period abalone fry delivers density and is：Every cube of water body delivers pelagic period abalone fry 24-26 ten thousand.
Abalone larva is cultivated using benthic diatom pond in step B, water temperature is constant at 18-20 DEG C.
Pelagic period abalone fry is cultivated to be attached to after a period of time on benthic diatom plate in culture pond to be grown, training afterwards
Educating management method is：
A. water is changed:Blocked when changing water in delivery port with bolting silk, water changed daily at least 2 times, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/2 water body,
When the floating larvae in inspection water is the 1/10 of input amount, running water technology is changed to, daily streamflow is 1/2-l times of full pond；
B. water temperature and salinity:Water temperature is maintained at 18-25 DEG C, and salinity is maintained at more than 27.
C. the supplement of bait:The N in appropriate Ensure Liquid salt, nutritive salt into nursery pond：P：Si：Fe content ratios are 5：1：
0.1：0.1；
D. the removing of enemy：Add 0.5-1ppm depulizations spirit poisoning Copepods into culture pond, culture pond stops flowing water, about
After 14-15 hours, the clear bottom of water is all changed.
The breeding method also net cage flowing water plane including young Bao is raised：
The abalone fry being attached on benthic diatom plate is grown to after a length of 2-3mm of shell young Bao, by young Bao from benthic diatom
Peeled off on plate, divide cage rearing in culture pond or rearing pool young Bao screening under stripping, the culture water body of benthic diatom is total
Cultivate the half of water body volume.
Beneficial effect：The invention provides a kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method, change Bao larva in original technology and enter
Great Chi time so that floating larvae is cultivated under large space, low-density, the mechanical damage that a screen cloth drags choosing is reduced, very
Good solves predicament of the Bao floating larvae in the mortality of settlement and metamorphosis phase, improves survival rate, larva settlement and metamorphosis rate is carried
It is high.Reduce again plant Bao buy, cultivate, the fund employed with personnel of hastening parturition, reduce production cost.
Embodiment
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, clear and definite, it is exemplified below embodiment and the present invention is entered
One step is described in detail.
A kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method, step is：
S1：Close Bao Shengwen promotees heat and stored up.3 months before collecting seedling, selection X ray diffraction method Individual Size 7-10cm it
Between, between Japanese disk Bao 15-25cm, physique healthy and strong, hurtless measure, sufficient flesh activity is quick, and female-male proportion is 4：1 close Bao, is put into
In cage or net cage, hanging culture can inflate, heat up, in the culture pond of constant temperature heating promote heat and store up, every 100 grams close Baos can lay eggs
1000000, close Bao number is determined according to plan seed harvesting amount, to ensure high-quality ovum quantity, the quantity of close Bao can increase by 50%, store up
Density is that every cube of water body stores up close Bao 20-25 or so.During storing up, 1 DEG C of heating daily, 5-6 need to be stablized by often raising 2-3 DEG C
My god, constant temperature is kept during to 20 DEG C, continuous charge round the clock makes seawater oxygen content be maintained at every liter of 5.0mg.Cage is moved daily changes pond one
It is secondary, change the pond temperature difference and be less than 0.5 DEG C of soil, every bait throwing in 2 days 1 time, daily ration, feeding quantity rises and increased with water temperature；When reaching 20 DEG C, typically
Bait throwing in is about the 20-30% of close Bao gross weight.
S2：The culture of benthic diatom.The basket frame of 6 frames is set in culture pond per square meter floor space, 20 are set on basket frame per frame
Piece benthic diatom plate, every benthic diatom plate gauge lattice are 330 × 420mm.Benthic diatom plate by adhere to benthic diatom corrugated plating
Formed, corrugated plating is made up of transparent or white polyethylene board.This method (is dwelt silicon using intense light irradiation 2000-3000lx the bottom of higher than
The suitable 1500-2000lx of algae), it is both needed to turn over frame daily.
S3：Adopt ovum.Typically at night, carry out induction stimulation using ultraviolet irradiation and adopt ovum.In the dusk by select
Close Bao is placed in cloudy place, and belly upward, covers wet gauze, dries in the shade 1 hour or so, then male and female are placed in irradiated sea respectively
In water, dark environment is kept.Generally under 17 DEG C or so room temperature conditions, start dry in the shade stimulation when 17, to during 23-24 with regard to that can reach
To spawning peak.Ovum is filtered with bolting silk, to remove excrement and debris, by sperm add ovum in, it is agitated after, after about 10 minutes
The situation of ovum fertilization can be checked, a general ovum has 10-20 sperm (seeing side) just may be used.Hatching density is at every milliliter
Seawater is within 500.Embryonated egg is narrower to seawater salinity accommodation during occurring, and salinity should be maintained at 31.8-33.4.By
30-50 minutes or so after essence, when ovum all sinks, you can by, the clear water on upper strata gently swap out 3/5 or so, be then injected into
Seawater that is fresh or being irradiated through ultraviolet.Wash ovum to carry out once for about 30-40 minutes, typically need to wash ovum through 6-8 times, last
Secondary ovum of washing need to be finished before trochophore floats, and will be stablized by washing ovum water temperature by 20 DEG C.
S4：Directly Bao floating larvae is cultivated with 5-10 square bars pond.Under the conditions of 18-20 DEG C of water temperature, embryonated egg is about through 13
Hour or so, it is developed to trochophore, breaks egg membrane and float.Now density is advisable with every milliliter of 15-20.Every 2 hours use
80 μm or so silk cover filtering devices of mesh change water, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/2-2/3, or uses running water technology.
, about 3-4 days just can be from development of fertilized ova to the veliger later stage under the conditions of 18-20 DEG C of water temperature.The now shell of larva
Formed completely, foot starts to produce, you can crawled the stage into " attachment ".
S5：Screen cloth drags choosing concentration to count.The quantity of pelagic period abalone fry is determined, pelagic period abalone is delivered by every cube of water body
Seedling 24-26 ten thousand density input is pre-placed square bar pond the depth 65cm, depth of water 50cm of the 5-10 cubes of water body in benthic diatom pond
Culture pond in cultivated.
S6：Pelagic period abalone fry is cultivated to be attached to after a period of time on benthic diatom plate in culture pond to be grown, afterwards
Cultivating and managing method be：
A. water is changed:Blocked when changing water in delivery port with bolting silk, water changed daily at least 2 times, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/2 water body,
When the floating larvae in inspection water is the 1/10 of input amount, running water technology is changed to, daily streamflow is 1/2-l times of full pond；
B. water temperature and salinity:Water temperature is maintained at 18-25 DEG C, and salinity is maintained at more than 27.
C. the supplement of bait:The N in appropriate Ensure Liquid salt, nutritive salt into nursery pond：P：Si：Fe content ratios are 5：1：
0.1：0.1；
D. the removing of enemy：Add 0.5-1ppm depulizations spirit poisoning Copepods into culture pond, culture pond stops flowing water, about
After 14-15 hours, the clear bottom of water is all changed.
In addition to water is changed, should also in the morning, noon Timing measurement water temperature, if water temperature can increase more than 25 DEG C change waterside number or
Increase quantity of exchanged water.PH value, dissolved oxygen, seawater salinity of Timing measurement larval rearing water etc., observation larva, the growth of young Bao, pass through
Measurement shell length judges whether growth is normal.(" attachment " first week afterwards, day increases 15-20 μm, and average 50-60 μm, 2- are increased to later
It is 100-150 μm during 10mm).In cultivation, note more than pool wall waterline whether there is young Bao, if finding to brush in pond in time, prevent
Only it thirst.
S7：The net cage flowing water plane in young Bao later stage is raised.
1. equipment
(1) rearing pool is easy to flowing water to raise preferably bar shaped pond.
(2) after the young Bao of net cage peels off, early stage can use mesh for 1mm × 1mm plastic window gauze, with the life of young Bao
Long, the mesh of net cage also increases accordingly, unimpeded for principle not miss young Bao and current.The size specification of net cage, it is visual to raise
Support the size in pond and be easy to depending on management.
(3) lamina affixad lamina affixad, on the one hand as the attachment base of young Bao, is as the receiver for feeding bait again.
Lamina affixad should select dark corrugated plating, and plate face stamps some diameter 1cm or so circular hole, is easy to young Bao is upper and lower to creep.
2. young Bao peels off about collect seedling after 40-50 days, the long 3-5mm of shell, benthic diatom often exhausts.If benthic diatom is supplied
On not, long 3-5mm of shell or so young Bao just can start to peel off.Our rule make every effort to postpone splitting time, as far as possible 6-7mm with
On again row peel off, in practice it has proved that, the Bao Miao physique being achieved in that is more healthy and strong, and later stage survival rate is higher, and the speed of growth can also add
It hurry up.Require that the culture water body of benthic diatom should be close to total half for cultivating water body volume, to ensure the abundance of benthic diatom for this
Supply.Urethanes (C3H7O2N) is configured to 1% sea water solution, and the bait plate leaching with young Bao is into the liquid, about
3-5 minutes, bait plate is shaken, young Bao is come off.Operation does not exceed 30 minutes every time, and otherwise young Bao is difficult recovery.
3. net cage flowing water plane is raised
(1) the young Bao that net cage plane is raised is entered, the general effect in 3-5mm of shell length is preferable.
The stocking density of young Bao, can be by different shell length depending on, the general long 3-5mm of shell, its density is about 6000 every square
Meter Wei Yi, crosses secret meeting influence growth., also can be three-dimensional using two-layer net pen to make full use of pond in pond depth 60cm pond.
(2) after streamflow is peeled off, bait is changed to synthetic diet, easily causes water quality to be ruined, it is therefore necessary to increase streamflow.
Have ready conditions can 24 hours flowing water, streamflow is advisable for 5-6 times of raw water body.When water temperature is higher than 25 DEG C, it should increase
Streamflow, oxygen in water should be not less than 5 mg/litres.
(3) bait
A. mixed bait composition can use the dry powder of fish (fatty few), shellfish meat, undaria pinnitafida or the sea-tangle of low value, form sediment
Powder, vitamin and oyster shell whiting etc., can be made into powdered, larger Bao Miao and can then add appropriate adhesive and prepare and granulate,
It must dry or dry, it is standby to treat.The powdered bait of early stage, the later stage uses sheet instead.Daily daily ration, feeding quantity can be young Bao body
The 2-5% of weight.Dusk bait is first soaked in water, and is then equably sprinkling upon on corrugated plating, is ingested for young Bao night.Feeding powder
In the half an hour of last shape bait, flowing water can be suspended.
After young Bao shell length reaches 5-7mm, as far as possible using Articial bait making, because feeding mixed bait than natural
More than the seaweed growth of bait one is fast again, young Bao is set to reach larger specification before surviving the winter, to improve overwintering survival rate.
B. spirulina.
C. the quality examination of Articial bait making
1. conformality determines and conformal rate is surveyed under certain water temperature and time.Conformal rate (%)=(solution of not bursting part dry product weight
Amount/original weight amount) × 100%, the time is longer, and temperature is higher, and conformality is poor.
2. rate of spoilage is determined in certain temperature, certain time, change of the observation bait in water.Dissolved by determining in water
The change of the oxygen demand of oxygen, pH value and organic matter is to determine rate of spoilage.
3. the measure of bait effect determines feed coefficient with total daily ration, feeding quantity divided by the gain in weight of Bao (residual bait is ignored),
Coefficient is smaller, and food quality is better.
(4) there is negative phototaxis after light 4.5mm, intensity of illumination can be weakened to increase ingesting the time for Bao, promote life
It is long.
(5) management of feeding period should shake corrugated plating and net cage every morning, and the residual bait in net cage is leak into bottom of pond, per 2-
3 days clear bottoms are once.Usually it should also be noted that the young Bao climbed on net cage wall is brushed into corrugated plating in time, the young Bao growth of routine observation,
Measurement oxygen in water and water temperature should be handled in there are abnormal conditions in time.
It should be appreciated that the application of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned citing, for those of ordinary skills, can
To be improved or converted according to the above description, all these modifications and variations should all belong to the guarantor of appended claims of the present invention
Protect scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of abalone offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
A. the culture of benthic diatom, using intense light irradiation 2000-3000lx.
B. Bao floating larvae directly is cultivated with 5-10 square bars pond, it is preferably dense to start screen cloth after being floated to Bao floating larvae rupture of membranes
Contracting is counted.
C. pelagic period abalone fry quantity is determined according to count results, and the cultivation for being pre-placed benthic diatom is put into by certain density
Cultivated in pond.
2. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the volume in described benthic diatom pond is
5-10 side.
3. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture pond is to contain 5-10 cubes
The bar shaped pond of water body.
4. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that set in culture pond per square meter floor space
The basket frame of 6 frames, 20 benthic diatom plates are set per frame on basket frame, every benthic diatom plate gauge lattice are 330 × 420mm.
5. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that culture pond specification is pond depth 65cm, water
Deep 50cm.
6. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the benthic diatom plate is dwelt by adhering to bottom
The chevron-shaped of diatom is into the corrugated plating is made up of transparent or white polyethylene board.
7. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step C, pelagic period abalone fry
Delivering density is：Every cube of water body delivers pelagic period abalone fry 24-26 ten thousand.
8. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that benthic diatom is used in the step B
It is constant at 18-20 DEG C that water temperature in abalone larva, pond is cultivated in pond.
9. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that pelagic period abalone fry is trained in culture pond
Educate to be attached to after a period of time on benthic diatom plate and grow, cultivating and managing method afterwards is：
A. water is changed:Blocked when changing water in delivery port with bolting silk, water is changed daily at least 2 times, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/2 water body, works as inspection
When the floating larvae looked into water is the 1/10 of input amount, running water technology is changed to, daily streamflow is 1/2-l times of full pond；
B. water temperature and salinity:Water temperature is maintained at 18-25 DEG C, and salinity is maintained at more than 27.
C. the supplement of bait:The N in appropriate Ensure Liquid salt, nutritive salt into nursery pond：P：Si：Fe content ratios are 5：1：0.1：
0.1；
D. the removing of enemy：Add 0.5-1ppm depulizations spirit poisoning Copepods into culture pond, culture pond stops flowing water, about 14-15
After hour, the clear bottom of water is all changed.
10. abalone offspring seed cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the breeding method also includes young Bao
Net cage flowing water plane raise：
The abalone fry being attached on benthic diatom plate is grown to after a length of 6-7mm of shell young Bao, by young Bao from benthic diatom plate
Peel off, by young Bao screening point cage rearing under stripping in culture pond or rearing pool, the culture water body of benthic diatom is total cultivates
The half of water body volume.
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ID=59946861
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| CN107821257A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-23 | 大连海洋大学 | Safe and efficient sea urchin seedling peels off active compound and release formulation |
| CN109197710A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-15 | 威海海洋职业学院 | A kind of water-saving somatotrophic Young Abalone cultural method |
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Application publication date: 20170929 |