CN107208425A - 用于共振吸声的干墙结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于共振吸声的干墙结构(1)。干墙结构(1)包括多个干墙轮廓(31)、(32)、(33)、(34)和固定在其上的至少一层石膏板(21)、(22)、(23),所述至少一层石膏板(21)、(22)、(23)具有设置在其中的开口4。干墙结构(1)还包括与开口(4)流体连接的共振室(41),共振室(41)和开口(4)具有尺寸和形状,使得预定共振频率的声音通过开口(4)进入共振室。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于共振吸声的干墙结构。现今,许多不同的干墙结构用于在建筑物内部形成墙壁和天花板。
背景技术
常规的干墙结构的一个具体实例是分隔墙。分隔墙由石膏板螺纹连接的子结构形成。固定石膏板形成的封闭层,是施涂涂层材料、墙壁颜色等的基础。该子结构由多个干墙轮廓制成,每个轮廓对应于成品墙壁的定向而对齐。
常规的干墙轮廓具有包括第一凸缘部分以及与其平行的第二凸缘部分的横截面,两个凸缘部分通过基部连接以形成u形。多个干墙轮廓被设置为使得第一凸缘部分允许将第一层石膏板固定到其上,并且第二凸缘部分允许将第二层石膏板固定到其上,这意味着凸缘部分设置在同一平面中。基部的尺寸限定了附接的两层石膏板之间的距离。
这样石膏板可以为单层、双层或多层石膏板。有时候优选地附加额外的层,以增加整体结构的物理特性。
高品质石膏板的实例是可耐福(KNAUF)石膏板,产品名称为“钻石(diamond)”,其提供了出色的综合质量。然而,对术语“石膏板”含义的理解非常广泛,包括具有特定特性的石膏板,例如耐火性等。在本文中,术语“石膏板”被定义为包括可应用于干墙子结构的板形建筑板。
房间内的声学效果可能会受到特定干墙结构的安装的影响,如隔音墙或隔音天花板。隔音墙对两个房间进行隔声,使得在一个房间中产生的噪音被墙壁衰减,从而在其它房间内感觉不到。与其它墙壁类型相比,这种隔音墙的使用提供了强大的衰减能力。
室内声学处理封闭空间中的声音特性。声波在房间的封闭空间中传播,并在墙壁、地板和天花板上反射。可以通过衰减声波来改变房间的声学效果。声波的衰减可以通过阻尼、扩散、反射或吸收等多种方式实现。
例如,在广泛使用的隔音天花板的干墙结构中,声音被反射衰减。在室内传播的声波通过在石膏板中形成的穿孔进入石膏板后面的空间。在石膏板后面的空间中,声波传播并在表面(例如,未加工的天花板)被反射,并且在石膏板和未经加工的天花板之间的空间中逐渐消失。
通常也可以通过声共振吸声来实现声音衰减。共振吸声器通过反射来抑制声波。共振吸声器的一个实例是在现有技术文献DE19506511中描述的板式共振器。板式共振器用于抑制室内低频声音,如音乐厅。板式共振器基本上由具有低内摩擦力的薄前板和具有高内摩擦力的厚后板彼此牢固连接组成。
板式共振器的缺点是需要大量空间来安装在墙壁的表面。另一个缺点是视觉外观,因为板式共振器覆盖了墙壁的一大部分,并造成非常技术化的视觉印象。
共振吸声器的另一实例是亥姆霍兹共鸣器。这种技术古已有之,将粘土壶(clayjugs)设置在教堂里,以提供用于改善声学效果的共振体积。亥姆霍兹共振器通过共振室中的开口将声波耦合至共振室的体积中。实现声吸收的频率接近于亥姆霍兹共振器的共振频率,其与共振室体积的大小和形状以及声音进入共振室的开口的尺寸和形状有关。阻尼效应也发生在频率为共振频率(1.,2.,...,…阶次谐波)的倍数的频率上。其中阻尼强度随着共振频率的高阶增加而减小。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种用于共振吸声的干墙结构,其克服了或至少减少了现有技术中存在的问题。另一个目的是提供一种特别能够衰减低频谱声音的干墙结构。
根据独立权利要求,本文通过用于共振吸声的干墙结构解决了上述问题。其它有益的实施例形成相应从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的用于共振吸声的干墙结构,包括多个干墙轮廓和固定在其上的至少一层石膏板,该至少一层石膏板具有设置在其中的开口。干墙结构还包括与开口流体连接的共振室。共振室和开口的尺寸和形状被设计成使得共振室的至少一个共振频率符合要被吸收的声音的至少一个频率。
干墙结构能够衰减在室内传播的声音,声音通过开口进入共振室。选择共振室的尺寸和形状以衰减具有预定频率的声音。在具体实例中,相应地选择开口和共振室的尺寸和形状。频率是预定的,例如,在低于125Hz的预定频率的声音被衰减的情况下,可以通过实验或计算来选择尺寸和形状。
有利地,干墙结构共振室的尺寸为其中c为空气中的声速(即340m/s),s为开口的横截面积,l为厚度(深度),以及f为被吸收的频率。
优选地,共振室具有用于频率f<125Hz的声音衰减的尺寸V,其中开口具有尺寸s=0.01m×0.1m和l=0.025m(双层的厚度)。墙壁中的共振室的尺寸可以为厚度t=0.1m,宽度d=0.6m,其中共振室的高度可以为墙壁的高度或合适的较小的交叉(intersection)。
在特别有利的方面,声音衰减元件设置在共振室中。在一个实例中,声音衰减元件为矿棉或玻璃棉。声音衰减元件通过降低峰值强度并通过将峰值强度移至较低频率来改变声音特性。衰减元件可以为以降低声波的整体强度的方式散射传播声波的任何材料。
根据本发明的第一替代方面,干墙结构包括固定在干墙轮廓上的一层石膏板。共振室设置在固定到干墙轮廓的石膏板的侧面。因此,本发明的优点为可以提供一种面向框架或天花板内结构。例如,面向框架可以是附接到干墙轮廓的单层石膏板,其设置成覆盖砖墙。
根据本发明的第二替代方面,干墙结构包括两层石膏板,第一层石膏板被固定到干墙轮廓的第一侧,第二层石膏板被固定到与第一侧相对设置的干墙轮廓的第二侧。共振室设置在两层石膏板之间。这允许在已知的分隔墙中提供本发明的优点。
根据本发明的第三替代方面,干墙结构包括三层石膏板,第一层石膏板被固定到干墙轮廓的第一侧,第二层石膏板被固定到干墙轮廓的第二侧。另外的多个干墙轮廓被固定到三层石膏板的第一层或第二层中的一个,并且三层石膏板的第三层被固定到另外的多个干墙轮廓。共振室设置在三层石膏板的两层之间:这方面是优选的,其提供了本发明的优点在于,提供了坚固的两个双立柱干墙结构。
优选地,另外的共振室设置在两个其它层之间,而不是设置在其之间设置有共振室的所述两层之间,另外的共振室与另外的开口流体连接。另外的共振室用于改变吸声频率的频谱,特别是与共振室不同体积的另外的共振室具有扩大吸声频率的频谱的优点。
此外,优选地,至少一层石膏板中的至少一个为双层石膏板。双层石膏板增加了石膏板层的质量。分隔墙中石膏板层质量的增加改善了衰减的效果。
根据一个方面,弹性衬层设置在双层石膏板之间。弹性衬层,例如隔音膜,使形成双层的直接附接的两个石膏板声学解耦。
在另一个方面,共振室包括石膏板制成的外墙。至少一层石膏板为外墙的至少一部分。这允许将共振室整体地设置在形成于干墙体结构中的空间中。一个实例为形成分隔墙的外衬层的两层石膏板之间的空间。
一个替代方面,共振室包括单独的外墙。单独的外墙可以为不形成干墙结构的一部分的石膏板。在另一个实例中,单独的墙可以由木材、金属等制成。
优选地,分隔外墙具有盒状或圆柱形形状。圆柱形形状可用于形成管状元件。通过不同尺寸和形状的室的组合可以实现声音的最大衰减。在一个实例中,能够用于衰减站立空间声波的尺寸和形状的管状共振室或盒状共振室被(额外地)包括在干墙体结构中。
有利地,单独的外墙具有可调节的尺寸,以便能够改变共振室的体积。在管状共振室的实例中,可调节的尺寸可以通过套管式构造实现,其中两个管可相对于彼此运动以改变共振室的尺寸和形状。
优选地,干墙结构还包括弹性元件,例如隔音膜,用于轮廓和石膏板的声学解耦,弹性元件设置在干墙轮廓和附接至干墙轮廓的第一石膏板之间,即与轮廓直接接触的石膏板。
下面,将参照附图对本发明进行更详细的阐述。在附图中,相同的附图标记表示相似的特征。附图中所示的方面可以通过任何技术上可能的方式彼此连接和组合。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1为根据本发明的具有干墙结构的房间的透视图;
图2为双立柱分隔墙的垂直剖面图;
图3为固定在砖墙上的单立柱面向框架的垂直剖面图;
图4为单立柱分隔墙的垂直剖面图;
图5为具有共振室和另外的共振室的双立柱分隔墙的垂直剖面图;
图6为不同双立柱分隔墙的垂直剖面图;
图7为共振室。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的具有形成房间墙壁的干墙结构1的房间的透视图。所示的干墙结构允许共振吸声,并且特别能够衰减低于125Hz的频谱的声音。
墙壁被一层石膏板21所覆盖。虚线示出了设置在石膏板后面的共振室(未示出)的尺寸。示例说明了不同尺寸的共振室。四个开口4在石膏板的上端部形成,每个开口4的尺寸为1cm×10cm,深度为2.4cm(相当于双层石膏板的厚度)。
在室内传播的声音可以通过开口4进入石膏板21后面的共振腔。干墙结构具有大小为的共振室,其被优选用于衰减频率f<125Hz的声音。
图2为双立柱分隔墙1的垂直剖面图,扬声器12设置在左手侧,示为声源。
双立柱分隔墙1包括三层石膏板21、22、23,三层石膏板21、22、23固定在一对立柱31、33;32、34上。一对立柱31、33;32、34在墙厚方向上平行设置。第一层石膏板21是双层的,其具有设置在石膏板之间的弹性衬层24,例如,隔音膜。在第一层21中,延伸通过双层的开口4,其提供声音进入共振室41的通路。共振室41包括石膏板制成的外墙412。外墙412由第一层石膏板21和第二层石膏板22形成。共振室41被相邻的干墙立柱31和32进一步限制。
通过在共振室41中设置声音衰减元件6以及通过在轮廓和石膏板之间设置例如为隔音膜的用于声学去耦的弹性元件5来进一步改善声音特性。
图3为用作面向框架的干墙结构1,其中一层石膏板21固定到干墙轮廓31、32。在此实例中,共振室41设置在固定到干墙轮廓31、32的石膏板21的侧面。共振室为在相邻轮廓31、32、一层石膏板21和由面向框架覆盖的墙9之间形成的隔音腔。如本文所述,可以根据要衰减的频率来选择腔体和开口的尺寸和形状。
图4示出了另一种干墙结构,其为单立柱分隔墙,包括两层石膏板21、22。第一层石膏板是双层的,其固定到干墙轮廓31、32的第一侧。第二层石膏板固定到干墙轮廓31、32的第二侧。在此实例中,第二层为单层,但也可以为多层。共振室41设置在两层石膏板21、22之间,使得声音可以通过开口4进入共振室41,以在其中被衰减。根据本发明的所有实施例,选择共振室和开口的大小和形状以衰减预定频率。频率优选为低于125Hz。
图5、图6和图7示出了共振室的不同实施例。在图5中,干墙结构包括在所示实例中与共振室41流体接触的另外的共振室43。这意味着另外的共振室43的开口42设置在共振室41中。图6示出了具有盒状分离外墙413的共振室,以及图7示出了具有管状分离外墙413的共振室41。具体地,可以容易地选择具有单独外墙413的共振室和开口的尺寸和形状以衰减预定频率。频率优选为低于125Hz,其中可调节选择尺寸和形状,以允许调节要衰减的频率。在管状实例中,其可以为套管式布置。管的相对运动可用于改变共振室的体积。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于共振吸声的干墙结构(1),所述干墙结构(1)包括多个干墙轮廓(31、32、33、34)和固定在多个干墙轮廓(31、32、33、34)上的至少一层石膏板(21、22、23),所述至少一层石膏板(21、22、23)具有设置在其中的开口(4),所述干墙结构(1)包括与所述开口(4)流体连接的共振室(41),所述共振室(41)和所述开口(4)的尺寸和形状被设计成使得共振室的至少一个共振频率符合要被吸收的声音的至少一个频率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的干墙结构(1),其中,所述共振室(41)的尺寸
其中
c为空气中的声速,
s为所述开口(4)的横截面积,
l为所述开口(4)的厚度,
f为被吸收的频率。
3.根据权利要求2所述的干墙结构(1),其中,所述共振室(41)具有用于频率f<125Hz的声音衰减的尺寸V,其中所述开口(4)具有尺寸s=0.01m×0.1m和l=0.025m。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的干墙结构(1),其中,声音衰减元件(6)设置在所述共振室(41)中。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的干墙结构(1),所述干墙结构(1)包括固定到所述干墙轮廓(31、32)的一层石膏板(21),其中所述共振室(41)设置在固定到所述干墙轮廓(31、32)的石膏板(21)的侧面。
6.根据权利要求1至4所述的干墙结构(1),所述干墙结构(1)包括两层石膏板(21、22),其中第一层石膏板被固定到所述干墙轮廓(31、32)的第一侧,并且第二层石膏板被固定到与第一侧相对设置的所述干墙轮廓(31、32)的第二侧,并且其中所述共振室(41)设置在两层石膏板(21、22)之间。
7.根据权利要求1至4所述的干墙结构(1),所述干墙结构(1)包括三层石膏板(21、22、23),其中第一层石膏板被固定到所述干墙轮廓(31、32)的第一侧,并且第二层石膏板被固定到所述干墙轮廓(31、32)的第二侧,其中另外的多个干墙轮廓(33、34)被固定到三层石膏板(21)的第一层或第二层中的一个,三层石膏板(21)的第三层被固定到另外的多个干墙轮廓(33、34),并且其中所述共振室(41)被设置在三层石膏板(21)的两层之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的干墙结构(1),其中,另外的共振室(43)设置在两个其它层之间,而不是设置在其之间设置有所述共振室(41)的两层之间,所述另外的共振室(43)与另外的开口(42)流体连接。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的干墙结构(1),其中所述至少一层石膏板(21、23)中的至少一个为双层石膏板。
10.根据权利要求9所述的干墙结构(1),还包括弹性衬层(24),所述弹性衬层(24)设置在双层石膏板(21、23)之间。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的干墙结构(1),其中所述共振室(41)包括石膏板制成的外墙(412),并且其中所述至少一层石膏板(21、22、23)为外墙(412)的至少一部分。
12.根据权利要求1至11所述的干墙结构(1),其中,所述共振室(4)包括单独的外墙(413)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的干墙结构(1),其中,单独的外墙(413)具有盒状或圆柱形形状。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的干墙结构(1),还包括弹性元件(5),所述弹性元件(5)用于所述轮廓和石膏板的声学解耦,所述弹性元件(5)设置在所述干墙轮廓(31、32、33、34)和固定到干墙轮廓(31、32、33、34)上的石膏板层(21、22、23)之间。
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