CN107190416B - 一种土工布的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种土工布的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107190416B
CN107190416B CN201710503529.9A CN201710503529A CN107190416B CN 107190416 B CN107190416 B CN 107190416B CN 201710503529 A CN201710503529 A CN 201710503529A CN 107190416 B CN107190416 B CN 107190416B
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polyethylene terephthalate
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polypropylene
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郜九宏
方晓俊
宋玲
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Shandong Tianhai New Material Engineering Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种土工布的制备方法，属于土工合成材料领域。本发明将聚丙烯、四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷和引发剂熔融挤出，得到挤出料，将挤出料冷却，得到有机硅改性聚丙烯，与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝搅拌反应后过滤，得到改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维，再与粘结剂、抗氧化剂和水混合后过滤，得到滤饼，将滤饼冷冻干燥，得到干燥物，将干燥物铺放到网机网帘上，斜帘往复铺网后通过针刺机进行固结，得到土工布。本发明的有益效果是：本发明土工布与碱性物质接触，强力不易损失，具有较好的耐碱性能，抗水解性能佳，值得推广与使用。

Description

一种土工布的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种土工布的制备方法，属于土工合成材料领域。
背景技术
土工布主要应用于垃圾填埋场、水利、港口、航道、铁路、公路等泥沙直径小、受力大的工程，其起到的主要作用包括：隔离作用，对不同物理性质的建筑材料进行隔离，使材料不混杂，保持材料的整体性；过滤作用，当水由细料土层流入粗料土层时，利用土工布的透水性，让水通过而拦截住土颗粒、细沙等物料；稳定作用，增强土体抗拉抗变形能力，增强建筑结构稳定性。
目前土工布原料大多采用高分子聚合物，其中用得最多的是聚丙烯原料（包括纤维），大约占土工布总用量的50%以上，聚酯原料（包括涤纶）占15%～30%。涤纶机械物理性能好，熔点比丙纶高，耐紫外线辐射亦比丙纶好得多，因此也是土工布的理想原料。涤纶耐酸性好，亦耐弱碱，但长期与碱性物质如石灰、水泥、混凝土、碱性土壤接触，强力易受损失，其抗水解性能亦较差。
中国专利申请号CN200810236236.X公开了一种路用培基布，其由玻璃纤维与聚酯纤维按照重量比混合制成，生产方法是将玻璃纤维和聚酯纤维短切后，均匀分散在粘结剂系统中形成混合纤维，再将含有混合纤维的粘结剂系统喷撒到网带上，再输送到烘房烘干，最后收卷切边。这是一种“湿法”生产，是利用水作介质，把聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维按比例放在水中，加入特殊粘结剂，将其混合均匀。然后再按造纸原理生产出成品。这种方法生产的聚酯玻纤布能达到土工工程的技术要求；但这种生产方法生产效率低，生产出的聚酯玻纤布长期与碱性物质接触，强力易受损失，其抗水解性能亦较差，且不符合环保和节约用水的要求。所以，开发一种耐碱性能好、抗水解性能佳、强力不易损失的土工布具有积极的意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对目前土工布长期与碱性物质接触，强力易受损失，抗水解性能较差的弊端，提供了一种土工布的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是：
（1）将40～50g聚丙烯、5～8g四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷和0.3～0.5g引发剂加入到单螺杆挤出机中，熔融挤出，得到挤出料，将挤出料冷却，得到有机硅改性聚丙烯；
（2）将有机硅改性聚丙烯和20～30g聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝在185～195℃下搅拌反应60～90min后过滤，得到改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维；
（3）按重量份数计，取5～8份改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、1～3份粘结剂、0.3～0.5份抗氧化剂和10～15份水混合后过滤，得到滤饼，将滤饼冷冻干燥，得到干燥物，将干燥物铺放到网机网帘上，斜帘往复铺网后通过针刺机进行固结，得到土工布。
步骤（1）中所述的引发剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、过硫酸钾、过氧化月桂酰中的一种或几种。
步骤（1）中所述的单螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为30～40r/min，送料段温度为100～120℃，熔化段温度为170～180℃，均化段温度为140～150℃。
步骤（2）中所述的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝的细度为4D、长度为50～70mm。
步骤（3）中所述的粘结剂为聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯粉末、聚乙烯醇中的一种或两种。
步骤（3）中所述的抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂164、抗氧化剂168中的一种或几种。
步骤（3）中所述针刺机的针刺总密度为130/cm2，针刺深度为12cm。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
本发明以耐碱性和耐水解性好的聚丙烯为原料，通过四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷对其进行改性，得到有机硅改性聚丙烯，在高温时聚丙烯网络断裂产生的自由基分子能够捕捉有机硅氧烷网络上的自由基，使高分子热稳定性提高，同时有机硅氧烷的引入还可以进一步提高聚丙烯的耐碱性和耐水解性，使得改性聚丙烯综合性能得到提升，然后再将改性聚丙烯熔覆在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝表面并与之牢固熔合，得到的改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维既保留了芯部聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维的高强度高弹性模量和良好的抗氧化性能，又增加了直接与工作介质接触时改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维的抗碱性能和耐水解性能，因此由改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维制备得到的土工布长期与碱性物质接触，强力不易受损失，其抗水解性能亦较好。
具体实施方式
取40～50g聚丙烯、5～8g四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷和0.3～0.5g引发剂加入到单螺杆挤出机中，控制螺杆转速为30～40r/min，送料段温度为100～120℃，熔化段温度为170～180℃，均化段温度为140～150℃，熔融挤出后，得到挤出料，将挤出料自然冷却至室温，得到有机硅改性聚丙烯，将有机硅改性聚丙烯和20～30g聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝加入到带有温度计和回流装置的三口烧瓶中，将三口烧瓶置于沙浴锅中，控制沙浴温度为185～195℃，保温搅拌反应60～90min后，过滤，得到滤渣，将滤渣放入冷冻干燥箱中，在-35～-25℃下干燥30～40min，得到改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维，然后按重量份数计，取5～8份改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、1～3份粘结剂、0.3～0.5份抗氧化剂和10～15份水加入到混合机中，搅拌混合3～5min后过滤，得到滤饼，将滤饼置于烘箱中，在80～90℃干燥3～4h，得到干燥物，将干燥物铺放到网机网帘上，斜帘往复铺网后通过针刺机进行固结，得到土工布。所述的引发剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、过硫酸钾、过氧化月桂酰中的一种或几种。所述的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝的细度为4D、长度为50～70mm。所述的粘结剂为聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯粉末、聚乙烯醇中的一种或两种。所述的抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂164、抗氧化剂168中的一种或几种。所述的针刺总密度为130/cm2，针刺深度为12cm。
实例1
取40g聚丙烯、5g四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷和0.3g引发剂加入到单螺杆挤出机中，控制螺杆转速为30r/min，送料段温度为100℃，熔化段温度为170℃，均化段温度为140℃，熔融挤出后，得到挤出料，将挤出料自然冷却至室温，得到有机硅改性聚丙烯，将有机硅改性聚丙烯和20g聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝加入到带有温度计和回流装置的三口烧瓶中，将三口烧瓶置于沙浴锅中，控制沙浴温度为185℃，保温搅拌反应60min后，过滤，得到滤渣，将滤渣放入冷冻干燥箱中，在-35℃下干燥30min，得到改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维，然后按重量份数计，取5份改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、1份粘结剂、0.3份抗氧化剂和10份水加入到混合机中，搅拌混合3min后过滤，得到滤饼，将滤饼置于烘箱中，在80℃干燥3h，得到干燥物，将干燥物铺放到网机网帘上，斜帘往复铺网后通过针刺机进行固结，得到土工布。所述的引发剂为过氧化二苯甲酰。所述的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝的细度为4D、长度为50mm。所述的粘结剂为聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯粉末。所述的抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂1010。所述的针刺总密度为130/cm2，针刺深度为12cm。
实例2
取45g聚丙烯、7g四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷和0.4g引发剂加入到单螺杆挤出机中，控制螺杆转速为35r/min，送料段温度为110℃，熔化段温度为175℃，均化段温度为145℃，熔融挤出后，得到挤出料，将挤出料自然冷却至室温，得到有机硅改性聚丙烯，将有机硅改性聚丙烯和25g聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝加入到带有温度计和回流装置的三口烧瓶中，将三口烧瓶置于沙浴锅中，控制沙浴温度为190℃，保温搅拌反应75min后，过滤，得到滤渣，将滤渣放入冷冻干燥箱中，在-30℃下干燥35min，得到改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维，然后按重量份数计，取7份改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、2份粘结剂、0.4份抗氧化剂和13份水加入到混合机中，搅拌混合4min后过滤，得到滤饼，将滤饼置于烘箱中，在85℃干燥4h，得到干燥物，将干燥物铺放到网机网帘上，斜帘往复铺网后通过针刺机进行固结，得到土工布。所述的引发剂为过硫酸钾。所述的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝的细度为4D、长度为60mm。所述的粘结剂为聚乙烯醇。所述的抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂164。所述的针刺总密度为130/cm2，针刺深度为12cm。
实例3
取50g聚丙烯、8g四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷和0.5g引发剂加入到单螺杆挤出机中，控制螺杆转速为40r/min，送料段温度为120℃，熔化段温度为180℃，均化段温度为150℃，熔融挤出后，得到挤出料，将挤出料自然冷却至室温，得到有机硅改性聚丙烯，将有机硅改性聚丙烯和30g聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝加入到带有温度计和回流装置的三口烧瓶中，将三口烧瓶置于沙浴锅中，控制沙浴温度为195℃，保温搅拌反应90min后，过滤，得到滤渣，将滤渣放入冷冻干燥箱中，在-25℃下干燥40min，得到改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维，然后按重量份数计，取8份改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、3份粘结剂、0.5份抗氧化剂和15份水加入到混合机中，搅拌混合5min后过滤，得到滤饼，将滤饼置于烘箱中，在90℃干燥4h，得到干燥物，将干燥物铺放到网机网帘上，斜帘往复铺网后通过针刺机进行固结，得到土工布。所述的引发剂为过氧化月桂酰。所述的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝的细度为4D、长度为70mm。所述的粘结剂为聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯粉末。所述的抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂168。所述的针刺总密度为130/cm2，针刺深度为12cm。
对照例：上海某公司生产的土工布。
将上述实施例所得土工布与对照例的土工布进行检测，并进行对比，结果如表一所示。
表一：
Figure 601249DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
由上表可知，本发明土工布具有较佳的抗拉强度、撕破强力和断裂伸长率。
将上述实施例所得土工布与对照例的土工布放入pH为8～12的缓冲溶液中浸泡1个月，取出浸泡物，进行清洗，烘干，再进行检测，结果如表二所示。
表二：
Figure 486029DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
由上表可知，本发明土工布与对照例的土工布相比，抗拉强度、撕破强力和断裂伸长率损失小，具有较好的耐碱性能。
将上述实施例所得土工布与对照例的土工布放入水中浸泡10个月，取出浸泡物，烘干，再进行检测，结果如表三所示。
表三：
Figure 753062DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
由上表可知，本发明土工布与对照例的土工布相比，抗拉强度、撕破强力和断裂伸长率损失小，具有极佳的抗水解性能。

Claims (7)

1.一种土工布的制备方法，其特征在于，具体制备步骤为：
（1）将40～50g聚丙烯、5～8g四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷和0.3～0.5g引发剂加入到单螺杆挤出机中，熔融挤出，得到挤出料，将挤出料冷却，得到有机硅改性聚丙烯；
（2）将有机硅改性聚丙烯和20～30g聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝在185～195℃下搅拌反应60～90min后过滤，得到改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维；
（3）按重量份数计，取5～8份改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维、1～3份粘结剂、0.3～0.5份抗氧化剂和10～15份水混合后过滤，得到滤饼，将滤饼冷冻干燥，得到干燥物，将干燥物铺放到网机网帘上，斜帘往复铺网后通过针刺机进行固结，得到土工布。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的一种土工布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述的引发剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、过硫酸钾、过氧化月桂酰中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的一种土工布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述的单螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为30～40r/min，送料段温度为100～120℃，熔化段温度为170～180℃，均化段温度为140～150℃。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的一种土工布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中所述的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维单丝的细度为4D、长度为50～70mm。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的一种土工布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的粘结剂为聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯粉末、聚乙烯醇中的一种或两种。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的一种土工布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的抗氧化剂为抗氧化剂1010、抗氧化剂164、抗氧化剂168中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的一种土工布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述针刺机的针刺总密度为130/cm2，针刺深度为12cm。
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