CN105922662B - 一种阻燃纤维无纺布 - Google Patents

一种阻燃纤维无纺布 Download PDF

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CN105922662B
CN105922662B CN201610257902.2A CN201610257902A CN105922662B CN 105922662 B CN105922662 B CN 105922662B CN 201610257902 A CN201610257902 A CN 201610257902A CN 105922662 B CN105922662 B CN 105922662B
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陈积博
陈尚永
陈尚珍
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Zhejiang Zhongyu Energy Saving Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种阻燃纤维无纺布，包括中间层和分别位于中间层两侧的上表面层与下表面层，所述中间层由以下重量份的原料制备而成：35‑55份经过改性的椰壳纤维、5‑8份温石棉、10‑15份阻燃纤维、3‑5份改性纳米叶腊石、15‑25份藻类提取物与3‑5份硼酸锌。本发明的复合材料无纺布按照原有生产工艺，完全可以正常生产；过滤性能好，可纺性好，不滴浆，着色性能好，铺网均匀，克重正常，拉伸强度高，柔软性能好；抗菌、阻燃，防水效果好；无毒无刺激，强度无方向性，纵横向强度相近。

Description

一种阻燃纤维无纺布
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无纺布，尤其涉及一种抗菌、环保、具有良好阻燃、防水效果的阻燃纤维无纺布。
背景技术
无纺布(英文名：Non Wowen)，又称不织布，是由定向的或随机的纤维而构成，具有防潮、透气、柔韧、质轻、不助燃、、无毒无刺激性、色彩丰富、价格低廉、可循环再用等特点。如多采用聚丙烯粒料为原料，经高温熔融、喷丝、铺纲、热压卷取连续一步法生产而成。因其具有布的外观和某些性能而称其为布。
无纺布在人造革、家私、化工、印刷、装饰、包装、汽车、建材服务、工况土工布以及工业过滤布吸油布、旅游用品、生活用品等行业广发应用。但目前的PP纺粘法无纺布系普遍不能降解、不符合环保要求，且功能也比较单一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为了解决现有PP纺粘法无纺布系不能降解、不符合环保要求，且功能也比较单一的缺陷而提供一种抗菌、环保、具有良好阻燃、防水效果的阻燃纤维无纺布。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种阻燃纤维无纺布，包括中间层和分别位于中间层两侧的上表面层与下表面层，所述中间层由以下重量份的原料制备而成：35-55份经过改性的椰壳纤维、5-8份温石棉、10-15份阻燃纤维、3-5份改性纳米叶腊石、15-25份藻类提取物与3-5份硼酸锌。在本技术方案中，椰壳纤维主要由纤维素、木质素、半纤维素以及果胶物质等组成，其中纤维素含量占46％-63％，木质素31％-36％，半纤维素0.15％-0.25％，果胶3％-4％以及其他杂糖、矿物质类等。椰壳纤维中纤维素含量较高，半纤维索含量很少，纤维具有优良的力学性能，耐湿性、耐热性也比较优异，本发明先对椰壳纤维进行改性，进一步提升其耐热与阻燃性能，并且可以使得其在中间层中的分散更好，易于与阻燃纤维和改性纳米叶腊石协同阻燃。藻类提取物在本发明中的作用是可以很好的起到一个介质的作用，并且去除其中的一些杂质及有害成分。
作为优选，所述藻类提取物的制备方法为：按质量份数计将200份直角毛藻、120份威氏海链藻与700份酸绿球藻洗净后磨至糊化，形成浆液，在浆液中加入直角毛藻、威氏海链藻与酸绿球藻重量5-8倍的纯净水，在120-140Mpa，50-65℃下，使用二氧化碳作为溶剂进行超临界萃取，浓缩后放入冰水溶液中超声提取20-30min后过滤，收集得到滤液，向滤液中加入滤液质量0.9-1.5％的蛋白酶与1.2-1.5％的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶，在55℃下反应1h，酶灭活，过滤浓缩，得到藻类提取物。
作为优选，改性纳米叶腊石的制备方法为：将叶腊石粉碎成2-3cm后放入质量分数72-78％的过氧化氢溶液中，超声震荡10-12h，取出干燥后在450-500℃下煅烧2-3h，而后研磨成纳米粉末得到改性纳米叶腊石，超声功率为85-90kw。
作为优选，改性的椰壳纤维的制备方法为：将椰壳纤维质量的3.5-5％的硅烷偶联剂与椰壳纤维质量的0.2-0.5％的纳米氧化镁加入无水乙醇形成溶液，45℃-55℃下85KW超声搅拌10-15min，然后加入椰壳纤维，升温至65-75℃下85KW超声60-90min，在120℃下真空干燥，得到改性的椰壳纤维。
作为优选，上表面层为聚乙烯发泡棉层或聚丙烯SMS纤维层，下表面层为皮芯型复合纤维层。
作为优选，所述皮芯复合纤维层包括纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅。
作为优选，上表面层占无纺布总质量的40％，中间层占占无纺布总质量的30％，下表面层占无纺布总质量的30％。
本发明的有益效果是：
1)本发明的复合材料无纺布按照原有生产工艺，完全可以正常生产；
2)过滤性能好，可纺性好，不滴浆，着色性能好，铺网均匀，克重正常，拉伸强度高，柔软性能好；且抗菌、阻燃，防水效果好；
3)本发明的复合材料无纺布无毒无刺激，强度无方向性，纵横向强度相近。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
无纺布生产工艺流程为：原料验收-原料准备含加色母-中间层制备-挤压-冷却牵伸-成网输送-热轧定型-卷绕切边-包装-入库。
实施例1
一种阻燃纤维无纺布，包括中间层和分别位于中间层两侧的上表面层与下表面层，上表面层为聚乙烯发泡棉层，下表面层为皮芯型复合纤维层，所述皮芯复合纤维层包括纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅的含量为皮芯复合纤维层的2.3％，纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为1：1。上表面层占无纺布总质量的40％，中间层占占无纺布总质量的30％，下表面层占无纺布总质量的30％。所述中间层由以下重量份的原料制备而成：35份经过改性的椰壳纤维、5份温石棉、10份阻燃纤维、3份改性纳米叶腊石、15份藻类提取物与3份硼酸锌。
所述藻类提取物的制备方法为：按质量份数计将200份直角毛藻、120份威氏海链藻与700份酸绿球藻洗净后磨至糊化，形成浆液，在浆液中加入直角毛藻、威氏海链藻与酸绿球藻重量5倍的纯净水，在120Mpa，50℃下，使用二氧化碳作为溶剂进行超临界萃取，浓缩后放入冰水溶液中超声提取20min后过滤，收集得到滤液，向滤液中加入滤液质量0.9％的蛋白酶与1.2％的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶，在55℃下反应1h，酶灭活，过滤浓缩，得到藻类提取物。
改性纳米叶腊石的制备方法为：将叶腊石粉碎成2-3cm后放入质量分数72％的过氧化氢溶液中，超声震荡10h，取出干燥后在450℃下煅烧2h，而后研磨成纳米粉末得到改性纳米叶腊石，超声功率为85kw。
改性的椰壳纤维的制备方法为：将椰壳纤维质量的3.5％的硅烷偶联剂与椰壳纤维质量的0.2％的纳米氧化镁加入无水乙醇形成溶液，45℃下85KW超声搅拌10min，然后加入椰壳纤维，升温至65℃下85KW超声60min，在120℃下真空干燥，得到改性的椰壳纤维。
中间层的制备方法：在285℃下，按配方量将改性的椰壳纤维、温石棉、阻燃纤维熔融后加入改性纳米叶腊石、藻类提取物与硼酸锌，混合均匀。
实施例2
一种阻燃纤维无纺布，包括中间层和分别位于中间层两侧的上表面层与下表面层，上表面层为聚乙烯发泡棉层，下表面层为皮芯型复合纤维层，所述皮芯复合纤维层包括纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅的含量为皮芯复合纤维层的2.3％，纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为1：1。上表面层占无纺布总质量的40％，中间层占占无纺布总质量的30％，下表面层占无纺布总质量的30％。所述中间层由以下重量份的原料制备而成：45份经过改性的椰壳纤维、6份温石棉、13份阻燃纤维、4份改性纳米叶腊石、20份藻类提取物与4份硼酸锌。
所述藻类提取物的制备方法为：按质量份数计将200份直角毛藻、120份威氏海链藻与700份酸绿球藻洗净后磨至糊化，形成浆液，在浆液中加入直角毛藻、威氏海链藻与酸绿球藻重量6倍的纯净水，在130Mpa，60℃下，使用二氧化碳作为溶剂进行超临界萃取，浓缩后放入冰水溶液中超声提取25min后过滤，收集得到滤液，向滤液中加入滤液质量1％的蛋白酶与1.3％的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶，在55℃下反应1h，酶灭活，过滤浓缩，得到藻类提取物。
改性纳米叶腊石的制备方法为：将叶腊石粉碎成2-3cm后放入质量分数75％的过氧化氢溶液中，超声震荡11h，取出干燥后在480℃下煅烧3h，而后研磨成纳米粉末得到改性纳米叶腊石，超声功率为88kw。
改性的椰壳纤维的制备方法为：将椰壳纤维质量的4％的硅烷偶联剂与椰壳纤维质量的0.35％的纳米氧化镁加入无水乙醇形成溶液，50℃下85KW超声搅拌12min，然后加入椰壳纤维，升温至70℃下85KW超声80min，在120℃下真空干燥，得到改性的椰壳纤维。
中间层的制备方法：在285℃下，按配方量将改性的椰壳纤维、温石棉、阻燃纤维熔融后加入改性纳米叶腊石、藻类提取物与硼酸锌，混合均匀。
实施例3
一种阻燃纤维无纺布，包括中间层和分别位于中间层两侧的上表面层与下表面层，上表面层为聚丙烯SMS纤维层，下表面层为皮芯型复合纤维层，所述皮芯复合纤维层包括纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅的含量为皮芯复合纤维层的2.3％，纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为1：1。上表面层占无纺布总质量的40％，中间层占占无纺布总质量的30％，下表面层占无纺布总质量的30％。所述中间层由以下重量份的原料制备而成：55份经过改性的椰壳纤维、8份温石棉、15份阻燃纤维、5份改性纳米叶腊石、25份藻类提取物与5份硼酸锌。
所述藻类提取物的制备方法为：按质量份数计将200份直角毛藻、120份威氏海链藻与700份酸绿球藻洗净后磨至糊化，形成浆液，在浆液中加入直角毛藻、威氏海链藻与酸绿球藻重量8倍的纯净水，在140Mpa，65℃下，使用二氧化碳作为溶剂进行超临界萃取，浓缩后放入冰水溶液中超声提取30min后过滤，收集得到滤液，向滤液中加入滤液质量1.5％的蛋白酶与1.5％的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶，在55℃下反应1h，酶灭活，过滤浓缩，得到藻类提取物。
改性纳米叶腊石的制备方法为：将叶腊石粉碎成2-3cm后放入质量分数78％的过氧化氢溶液中，超声震荡12h，取出干燥后在500℃下煅烧3h，而后研磨成纳米粉末得到改性纳米叶腊石，超声功率为90kw。
改性的椰壳纤维的制备方法为：将椰壳纤维质量的5％的硅烷偶联剂与椰壳纤维质量的0.5％的纳米氧化镁加入无水乙醇形成溶液，55℃下85KW超声搅拌15min，然后加入椰壳纤维，升温至75℃下85KW超声90min，在120℃下真空干燥，得到改性的椰壳纤维。
中间层的制备方法：在285℃下，按配方量将改性的椰壳纤维、温石棉、阻燃纤维熔融后加入改性纳米叶腊石、藻类提取物与硼酸锌，混合均匀。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。

Claims (6)

1.一种阻燃纤维无纺布，包括中间层和分别位于中间层两侧的上表面层与下表面层，其特征在于，所述中间层由以下重量份的原料制备而成：35-55份经过改性的椰壳纤维、5-8份温石棉、10-15份阻燃纤维、3-5份改性纳米叶腊石、15-25份藻类提取物与3-5份硼酸锌；所述藻类提取物的制备方法为：按质量份数计将200份直角毛藻、120份威氏海链藻与700份酸绿球藻洗净后磨至糊化，形成浆液，在浆液中加入直角毛藻、威氏海链藻与酸绿球藻重量5-8倍的纯净水，在120-140MPa ，50-65℃下，使用二氧化碳作为溶剂进行超临界萃取，浓缩后放入冰水溶液中超声提取20-30min后过滤，收集得到滤液，向滤液中加入滤液质量0.9-1.5%的蛋白酶与1.2-1.5%的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶，在55℃下反应1h，酶灭活，过滤浓缩，得到藻类提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维无纺布，其特征在于，改性纳米叶腊石的制备方法为：将叶腊石粉碎成2-3cm后放入质量分数72-78%的过氧化氢溶液中，超声震荡10-12h，取出干燥后在450-500℃下煅烧2-3h，而后研磨成纳米粉末得到改性纳米叶腊石，超声功率为85-90kw。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维无纺布，其特征在于，改性的椰壳纤维的制备方法为：将椰壳纤维质量的3.5-5%的硅烷偶联剂与椰壳纤维质量的0.2-0.5%的纳米氧化镁加入无水乙醇形成溶液，45℃-55℃下85KW超声搅拌10-15min，然后加入椰壳纤维，升温至65-75℃下85KW超声60-90min，在120℃下真空干燥，得到改性的椰壳纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维无纺布，其特征在于，上表面层为聚乙烯发泡棉层或聚丙烯SMS纤维层，下表面层为皮芯型复合纤维层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种阻燃纤维无纺布，其特征在于，所述皮芯型复合纤维层包括纳米二氧化钛与纳米二氧化硅。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃纤维无纺布，其特征在于，上表面层占无纺布总质量的40%，中间层占占无纺布总质量的30%，下表面层占无纺布总质量的30%。
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