CN107182875B - Breeding method for improving survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents
Breeding method for improving survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone Download PDFInfo
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- CN107182875B CN107182875B CN201710453770.5A CN201710453770A CN107182875B CN 107182875 B CN107182875 B CN 107182875B CN 201710453770 A CN201710453770 A CN 201710453770A CN 107182875 B CN107182875 B CN 107182875B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method for improving the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the following steps: step one, building a culture system, comprising: a culture pond, an exchange pond, a sedimentation pond and a buffer pond; pumping water in the culture pond to a buffer pond, and adding a mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder into the exchange pond to obtain disinfectant water; removing sludge on the upper layer of the bottom of a culture pond, spreading a layer of quicklime on the bottom of the culture pond, exposing the quicklime to the dry crack of the bottom of the culture pond, cleaning the quicklime on the bottom of the culture pond to the crack, injecting disinfectant water, and spraying a microorganism regulator; and step four, carrying out fertilizer water treatment, and putting the shrimp seedlings, wherein the putting density of the shrimp seedlings is 6-8 thousands of shrimps per mu. The invention effectively combines physical removal and chemical elimination, improves the antivirus effect to improve the water environment from the root, and simultaneously carries out water body exchange by arranging the exchange pool, the drainage component, the second spray head and the collecting groove, thereby improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of penaeus vannamei boone cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to a culture method for improving the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
The average life of Penaeus vannamei Boone, named Vana vannamei Boone, belonging to the phylum Arthropoda, can exceed 32 months at least, the longest length of adult can reach 24cm, the shell is thin, the normal body color is light grey, and the whole body has no speckle. The feet are usually chalk-shaped, and the meat is delicious and has high economic value. The processed meat rate can reach 67 percent, the suitable temperature range is wide, the meat can grow at 18-32 ℃, the suitable salt range is wide, the meat can grow under the condition that the salinity is 1-40 per mill, and the fresh-keeping fresh-. The penaeus vannamei boone has fast growth and strong disease resistance, and is gradually the main breeding shrimp species in the south of China. Shrimp larvae, shrimp nauplii or parent shrimps are supplied in mansion, north sea, south Ning, Guangzhou and other places in China.
However, when the young shrimps are transferred from the indoor nursery pond to the adult pond, stress death is caused due to inappropriateness of the young shrimps due to changes of baits and environments, and huge economic losses are caused to vast farmers, so that the research and development of a scientific and reasonable breeding method capable of improving the anti-stress capability of the penaeus vannamei, further reducing the early-stage loss of the young shrimps and improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei is urgent at present.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide a culture method for improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone, which effectively combines physical removal and chemical elimination to improve the antivirus effect so as to improve the water environment from the root, and simultaneously carries out water body exchange according to the growth time of the shrimp seeds in the culture pond by arranging the exchange pond, the drainage component, the second spray head and the flow receiving groove so as to maintain the water environment in the culture pond and improve the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for increasing the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone, comprising the steps of:
step one, a culture system is built, and the culture system comprises: the device comprises a rectangular culture pond, an exchange pond, a sedimentation pond and a buffer pond, wherein the top end of the culture pond is provided with a first spray head, the position of the side wall of the culture pond, which is 0.5-0.6m away from the bottom of the pond, is provided with an exchange liquid outlet, one side wall of the top end of the exchange pond is provided with a tubular second spray head along the length direction of the exchange pond, the bottom of the second spray head is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals, the exchange pond is positioned below the spray head and is provided with a drainage component for leading water in the second spray head into a flow receiving groove positioned at the lowest end of the drainage component, one end of a first pipeline is communicated with the exchange liquid outlet, the other end of the first pipeline is communicated with the second spray head at the top end of the exchange pond, the first pipeline is provided with a first pump body for pumping water in the culture pond into the exchange pond, one end of the second pipeline is communicated with the, pumping water in the collecting tank into a culture pond, wherein the side wall of the culture pond is close to the bottom of the pond and is provided with a residue outlet, a plurality of partition plates are clamped in the sedimentation pond at equal intervals to divide the sedimentation pond into a plurality of sedimentation spaces, the top surface of each partition plate is lower than the top surface of the sedimentation pond, one end of a third pipeline is communicated with the residue outlet, the other end of the third pipeline is communicated with the sedimentation space at one end of the sedimentation pond close to the culture pond, a third pump body is arranged on the third pipeline to pump residues in the culture pond into the sedimentation pond, one end of the fourth pipeline is communicated with the sedimentation space at one end of the sedimentation pond far away from the culture pond, the other end of the fourth pipeline is communicated with a buffer pond, a fourth pump body is arranged on the fourth pipeline to pump supernatant in the buffer pond, one end of the fifth pipeline is communicated with the buffer pond, the other end of the fifth pipeline is communicated with a first, pumping the water body in the buffer pool into the culture pool;
wherein the drainage component comprises a plurality of drainage plates arranged at intervals, the drainage plates comprise transparent inclined bottom plates, top baffles and side baffles which are vertically and fixedly arranged around the side walls of the inclined bottom plates, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are arranged on the upper surface of the inclined bottom plate in parallel with the top baffle at intervals, the length of each arc-shaped groove is slightly greater than that of the second spray head, the top baffle and the side baffle of the drainage plate are respectively fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the exchange tank, one side of the drainage plate, which is far away from the top baffle, is not contacted with the inner side wall of the exchange tank, the arc-shaped groove is parallel to the second spray head, the drainage plate positioned at the topmost end is arranged along the direction far away from the spray head, the top baffle plates of any two adjacent drainage plates are fixedly arranged on the opposite side walls of the exchange tank, and the drainage groove is positioned below one side, far away from the top baffle plate, of the drainage plate at the lowest end;
step two, a fifth pipeline communicated with the first spray head is disassembled, the fifth pipeline is communicated with the culture pond through a sixth pipeline, a fifth pump body is opened, a water pump in the culture pond is pumped into a buffer pond, a mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder with the mass ratio of 2:1 is added into the exchange pond, and the mixture is stirred to be completely dissolved to obtain the disinfectant solution, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the mixture of the chlorine dioxide and the bleaching powder to the water in the exchange pond is 60-100 mg/L;
removing sludge with the thickness of 2-3cm on the bottom of the culture pond, spreading a layer of quicklime with the thickness of 3-5mm on the bottom of the culture pond, exposing for 2-4 days until the bottom of the culture pond is dry and cracked, cleaning the quicklime on the bottom of the culture pond to crack, injecting sterilizing water until the water depth in the culture pond is 1.5-1.7m, and spraying a microbial regulator;
step four, before the south America white shrimps are released, fertilizer water treatment is carried out, the temperature of a water body is adjusted to be 22-25 ℃, the pH value is 7.8-8.5, the transparency is 30-40cm, breeding water is obtained, 700 plus loaches and 800 minus loaches are thrown in each mu of breeding pond, shrimp seedlings are thrown, and the throwing density of the shrimp seedlings is 6-8 ten thousand per mu;
fifthly, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-12:00 points every day within 30 days of putting the shrimp seeds, exchanging water bodies of three-tenth to four-tenth of the total volume in the culture pond every 3-5 days, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-13:00 points every day within 30-90 days of putting the shrimp seeds, exchanging water bodies of three-tenth to four-tenth of the total volume in the culture pond every 2-3 days, exchanging water bodies at 11:00-16:00 points every day within 90-120 days of putting the shrimp seeds, and exchanging water bodies of three-tenth to four-tenth of the total volume in the culture pond every 1-2 days;
wherein, the water body exchange specifically is: opening a first pump body, pumping the water body in the culture pond into an exchange pond, opening a second pump body, and pumping the water body in the flow receiving groove into the culture pond, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water body in the flow receiving groove into the culture pond, and closing the second pump body;
the water body for changing the total volume of three to four tenths in the culture pond is specifically as follows: and opening the third pump body, pumping the residues in the culture pond into a sedimentation pond, settling for 5-6h, then opening the fourth pump body, pumping the supernatant in the sedimentation pond into a buffer pond, injecting clear water into the buffer pond until the total volume of water in the buffer pond is equal to the volume of water pumped out of the culture pond, adjusting the water body in the buffer pond into culture water, opening the fifth pump body, and pumping the water body in the buffer pond into the culture pond.
Preferably, the microbial regulator is a mixture of lactobacillus, bacillus, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and lactobacillus plantarum in a mass ratio of 1:1.2:1:1.1:1, and 3-5kg of the microbial regulator is added into each mu of the culture pond.
Preferably, the breeding method for improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone further comprises the step of configuring 1 aerator in each mu of the breeding pond, wherein the distance between an aeration main pipe of the aerator and the bottom of the breeding pond is 0.3-0.4m, the aerator is arranged along the length direction of the treatment pond, a plurality of aeration auxiliary pipes are arranged in the width direction of the treatment pond and are perpendicular to the aeration main pipe, a plurality of aeration holes are formed in the side walls of the bottoms of the aeration auxiliary pipes at intervals, and porous materials formed by mutually communicated pore diameters are laid in the aeration holes; wherein, the oxygen increasing machine is opened every day for 5h within 30 days of the shrimp larvae, the oxygen increasing machine is opened every day for 6h within 30-90 days of the shrimp larvae, and the oxygen increasing machine is opened every day for 7h within 90-120 days of the shrimp larvae.
Preferably, first shower nozzle includes the edge breed the ring pipe that pond top surface circumference set up, the ring pipe is close to breed one side of pond inner wall and is equipped with the delivery port, the ring pipe is located the lateral wall of delivery port below is along the orientation breed the direction of pond inner wall and set up a guide plate, the guide plate bottom with breed the distance between the pond inner wall and be not more than 0.5 mm.
Preferably, connect the chute for the cuboid structure that removes the top, it is along being located the least significant the drainage plate keeps away from the length direction setting of its top baffle one side, connect chute bottom surface top to establish a base plate along its sealed slope card of length direction, the base plate least significant with connect the space that chute inner wall and bottom surface enclose sealed, with connect the chute bottom surface to form low-lying department, the second pipeline is located connect one end in the chute with the low-lying department intercommunication that connects the chute.
Preferably, the specific steps of the fertilizer water treatment in the fourth step are as follows:
a. opening an aerator for continuously increasing oxygen, and closing the aerator 1h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone;
b. opening a first pump body, pumping water in the culture pond into an exchange pond, opening a second pump body, and pumping water in the collecting groove into the culture pond, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body 1h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, and closing the second pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water in the exchange pond into the culture pond;
c. 24 hours before the south America white shrimps are put in the breeding pond, 1000m L grams of organic acid detoxification agent and 500 grams of black soil essence are sprayed in each mu of the breeding pond, and 500 grams of vitamin regulator are sprayed in each mu of the breeding pond 6 hours before the south America white shrimps are put in the breeding pond.
Preferably, the vitamin regulator is specifically: mixing and steaming Chinese yam, laver, frozen bean curd and peas in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1 for 60-70min to obtain a steamed mixture, placing the steamed mixture into a beater, adding lemon juice in an amount which is 0.2 times of the mass of the steamed mixture, beating to obtain a pulp, adding mixed vitamins in an amount which is 0.05 times of the mass of the pulp, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the vitamin regulator, wherein the mixed vitamins are a mixture of vitamin C, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 1:1.1:1.3: 1.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, enabling penaeus vannamei boone to belong to benthonic animals, digging and removing top-layer bottom mud after draining water in a culture pond to remove most of harmful organisms hidden in the top-layer bottom mud, then spreading quicklime on the bottom surface of the culture pond, effectively killing the harmful organisms such as parasites, viruses and germs in the potential mud, simultaneously improving the pH value of soil in the pond, then sterilizing the water in the culture pond, effectively combining physical removal with chemical removal, respectively treating the water and sludge, improving the sterilizing effect and simultaneously improving the water environment from the root;
secondly, the microbial regulator takes the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, sulfur and the like in the shrimp pond as metabolic growth substances, so that the excessive accumulation of the nutrients is reduced, the growth of beneficial bacteria dominant groups at the pond bottom is facilitated, the number of harmful bacteria is reduced, and the microenvironment of the substrate and the ecological balance of the water environment are improved;
thirdly, through the arrangement of the exchange pool, the drainage component, the second spray nozzle and the flow receiving groove, according to the growth time of the shrimp seeds in the culture pool, water body exchange is carried out, the oxygen content of the water body is increased, algae in surface water generally mainly used for photosynthesis in the culture pool are cultured, the algae in the bottom water is irradiated by sunlight to a very small extent for photosynthesis, the water body exchange is carried out, the bottom water is led into the top layer through the exchange pool, the bottom water can also be used for photosynthesis, meanwhile, the top water which is fully used for photosynthesis and rich in saturated oxygen is led into the bottom layer for the penaeus vannamei, through the mixed culture mode of the penaeus vannamei and the loaches, the loaches are few in diseases and easy to oxidize, the requirement on the water quality is not high, the loaches belong to the omnivorticity and can absorb bottom humus or sludge, the pollution of the bottom humus or the sludge to the water body is slowed down, the water quality is, through the arrangement of the sedimentation tank and the buffer tank, sludge at the bottom of the tank is removed through circular treatment, the water body is reused, the damage of harmful organisms such as parasites, viruses and germs in the potential sludge to the penaeus vannamei boone is relieved, and the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is increased.
And fourthly, the use of the vitamin regulator can effectively reduce the sense of urgency of the penaeus vannamei during stocking, avoid the situation that the penaeus vannamei deals with or supplies nutrients and stored energy (such as in-vivo protein) to emergency physiological functions required for survival, so that the death rate of the penaeus vannamei is increased, greatly improve the stress capability of the penaeus vannamei, reduce the pool water difference and the stimulus suppression of various factors to the young penaeus vannamei, and increase the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a farming system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a flow guide plate according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the flow connecting groove of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
< example 1>
As shown in fig. 1-3, a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
step one, a culture system is built, and the culture system comprises: the culture pond 1, the exchange pond 2, the sedimentation pond 3 and the buffer pond 4 are all cuboid-shaped, wherein a first spray head 10 is arranged at the top end of the culture pond 1, a position, 0.5m away from the bottom of the pond, of the side wall of the culture pond 1 is provided with an exchange liquid outlet 13, the exchange liquid outlet 13 is mainly used for leading out liquid at the middle lower part in the culture pond 1, the specific implementation mode can be realized by punching a side wall, a first pipeline 7 can also be led into the culture pond 1 to a preset height to lead out the liquid at the middle lower part in the culture pond 1, a tubular second spray head 20 is horizontally arranged on the side wall at the top end of the exchange pond 2 along the length direction of the side wall, a plurality of through holes are formed at the bottom of the second spray head 20 at equal intervals along the length direction of the second spray head 20, a drainage component 5 is arranged below the spray head in the exchange pond 2 to lead water in the second spray head 20 into a drainage groove 6, one end of a first pipeline 7 is communicated with an exchange liquid outlet 13, the other end of the first pipeline is communicated with a second spray nozzle 20 at the top end of an exchange pool 2, a first pump body is arranged on the first pipeline 7 to pump the water in the culture pool 1 into the exchange pool 2, one end of a second pipeline 70 is communicated with a flow receiving groove 6, the other end of the second pipeline is communicated with a first spray nozzle 10 at the top end of the culture pool 1, a second pump body is arranged on the second pipeline 70 to pump the water in the flow receiving groove 6 into the culture pool 1, a residue outlet 14 is arranged on the side wall of the culture pool 1 close to the pool bottom, the residue outlet 14 can be realized by punching on the side wall to lead out bottom residue, a third pipeline 71 can also be led into the culture pool 1 to the upper end of the pool bottom to lead out the bottom residue, the residue in the culture pool 1 is a mixture of humus, sludge and water at the pool bottom, a plurality of partition plates 30 are, so as to divide the sedimentation tank 3 into a plurality of sedimentation spaces, the top surface of the partition plate 30 is lower than the top surface of the sedimentation tank 3, one end of a third pipeline 71 is communicated with a residue outlet 14, the other end of the third pipeline is communicated with the sedimentation space of the sedimentation tank 3 close to one end of the culture tank 1, a third pump body is arranged on the third pipeline 71 so as to pump the residue in the culture tank 1 into the sedimentation tank 3, the residue entering the sedimentation tank 3 is a mixture of humus, sludge and water at the bottom of the tank, the humus, sludge and other substances with density higher than that of water are precipitated under the action of self gravity, the self sedimentation effect of the residue is enhanced through the arrangement of the plurality of sedimentation spaces, one end of a fourth pipeline 72 is communicated with the sedimentation space of the sedimentation tank 3 far away from one end of the culture tank 1, particularly, the fourth pipeline 72 is related to the position of supernatant in the sedimentation tank 3, and is mainly used for leading the supernatant in the sedimentation tank 3 into, the other end of the fifth pipeline 73 is communicated with the buffer tank 4, a fourth pump body is arranged on the fourth pipeline 72 so as to pump the supernatant of the sedimentation tank 3 into the buffer tank 4, one end of the fifth pipeline 73 is communicated with the buffer tank 4, the other end of the fifth pipeline is communicated with the first spray head 10 at the top end of the culture tank 1, and a fifth pump body is arranged on the fifth pipeline 73 so as to pump the water body in the buffer tank 4 into the culture tank 1;
wherein, the drainage component 5 comprises a plurality of drainage plates 50 arranged at intervals, each drainage plate 50 comprises a transparent inclined bottom plate 51, a top baffle plate 52 and a side baffle plate 53 vertically and fixedly arranged around the side wall of the inclined bottom plate 51, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves 54 are arranged on the upper surface of the inclined bottom plate 51 in parallel with the top baffle plates 52 at intervals, the length of each arc-shaped groove 54 is slightly larger than that of the second spray head 20, the top baffle plate 52 and the side baffle plate 53 of the drainage plate 50 are fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the exchange pool 2 respectively, one side of the drainage plate 50 far away from the top baffle plate 52 is not contacted with the inner side wall of the exchange pool 2, the arc-shaped grooves 54 are parallel with the second spray head 20, the drainage plate 50 at the topmost end is arranged along the direction far away from the spray heads, the top baffle plates 52 of any two adjacent drainage plates 50 are fixedly arranged on the opposite side walls of the exchange pool 2, the drainage groove 6 is positioned below one side of the drainage plate 50 at the lowest end, which is far away from the top baffle plate 52;
step two, detaching a fifth pipeline 73 communicated with the first spray nozzle 10, enabling the fifth pipeline 73 to be communicated with the culture pond 1 through a sixth pipeline, opening a fifth pump body, pumping water in the culture pond 1 to a buffer tank 4, at the moment, pumping water in the culture pond 1 to the buffer tank 4 through other modes, adding a mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder with a mass ratio of 2:1 into the exchange tank 2, stirring to completely dissolve the mixture to obtain the disinfectant water, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder to the water in the exchange tank 2 is 60 mg/L;
removing sludge on the upper layer of the bottom of a culture pond 1, wherein the thickness range of the removed sludge is 2-3cm, spreading a layer of quicklime on the bottom surface of the culture pond 1, controlling the thickness of the spread quicklime to be 3-5mm, insolating for 2 days, cleaning the quicklime on the bottom surface of the culture pond 1 to crack after the bottom of the pond is dry, injecting sterilizing water until the depth of a water body in the culture pond 1 is 1.5m, and spraying a microorganism regulator;
step four, before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, carrying out fertilizer water treatment, adjusting the temperature of a water body to be 22 ℃, the pH value to be 7.8 and the transparency to be 30cm to obtain breeding water, and throwing 700 loaches and shrimp seeds into the breeding pond 1 per mu, wherein the throwing density of the shrimp seeds is 6 ten thousand per mu;
fifthly, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-12:00 points every day within 30 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, exchanging water bodies with three tenths of total volume in the culture pond 1 every 3 days, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-13:00 points every day within 30-90 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, exchanging water bodies with four tenths of total volume in the culture pond 1 every 3 days, exchanging water bodies at 11:00-16:00 points every day within 90-120 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, and exchanging water bodies with three tenths of total volume in the culture pond 1 every 1 day;
wherein, the water body exchange specifically is: opening a first pump body, pumping the water body in the culture pond 1 into an exchange pond 2, opening a second pump body, and pumping the water body in the water receiving groove 6 into the culture pond 1, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water body in the water receiving groove 6 into the culture pond 1, and then closing the second pump body;
specifically, the water body with the total volume of three-tenth to four-tenth in the culture pond 1 is replaced by opening the third pump body, pumping the residues in the culture pond 1 into the sedimentation tank 3, settling for 5 hours, opening the fourth pump body, pumping the supernatant in the sedimentation tank 3 into the buffer tank 4, injecting clear water into the buffer tank 4 until the total volume of the water in the buffer tank 4 is equal to the volume of the water pumped out of the culture pond 1, adjusting the water body in the buffer tank 4 to be culture water, opening the fifth pump body, pumping the water in the buffer tank 4 into the culture pond 1, adjusting the water body in the buffer tank 4 to be culture water, specifically, reducing the mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder according to the volume equal proportion, and stirring to completely dissolve the mixture, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the chlorine dioxide to the water in the buffer tank 4 is 60-100 mg/L, the temperature of the water is adjusted to 22-25 ℃, the pH value is 7.8-8.5, and the transparency is 30-40cm, and the structure or the method in embodiment 1 is further limited to the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 3.
< example 2>
As shown in fig. 1-3, a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
step one, a culture system is built, and the culture system comprises: the device comprises a culture pond 1, an exchange pond 2, a sedimentation pond 3 and a buffer pond 4 which are all cuboid-shaped, wherein the top end of the culture pond 1 is provided with a first spray head 10, the position of the side wall of the culture pond 1, which is 0.6m away from the bottom of the pond, is provided with an exchange liquid outlet 13, one side wall of the top end of the exchange pond 2 is provided with a tubular second spray head 20 along the length direction, the bottom of the second spray head 20 is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals, the exchange pond 2 is positioned below the spray head and is provided with a drainage component 5 so as to lead water in the second spray head 20 into a flow receiving groove 6 positioned at the lowest end of the drainage component 5, one end of a first pipeline 7 is communicated with the exchange liquid outlet 13, the other end is communicated with the second spray head 20 at the top end of the exchange pond 2, the first pipeline 7 is provided with a first pump body so as to pump water in the culture pond 1 into the exchange pond 2, one end of a, a second pump body is arranged on the second pipeline 70 to pump the water body in the flow receiving groove 6 into the culture pond 1, the side wall of the culture pond 1 is close to the bottom of the pond and is provided with a residue outlet 14, a plurality of partition plates 30 are clamped in the sedimentation pond 3 at equal intervals to divide the sedimentation pond 3 into a plurality of sedimentation spaces, the top surface of each partition plate 30 is lower than the top surface of the sedimentation pond 3, one end of each third pipeline 71 is communicated with the residue outlet 14, the other end of each third pipeline is communicated with the sedimentation space at one end of the sedimentation pond 3 close to the culture pond 1, a third pump body is arranged on each third pipeline 71 to pump the residue in the culture pond 1 into the sedimentation pond 3, one end of each fourth pipeline 72 is communicated with the sedimentation space at one end of the sedimentation pond 3 far away from the culture pond 1, the other end of each fourth pipeline 72 is communicated with the buffer pond 4, a fourth pump body is arranged on each fourth pipeline, one end of a fifth pipeline 73 is communicated with the buffer tank 4, the other end of the fifth pipeline 73 is communicated with the first spray head 10 at the top end of the culture pond 1, and a fifth pump body is arranged on the fifth pipeline 73 so as to pump the water body in the buffer tank 4 into the culture pond 1;
wherein, the drainage component 5 comprises a plurality of drainage plates 50 arranged at intervals, each drainage plate 50 comprises a transparent inclined bottom plate 51, a top baffle plate 52 and a side baffle plate 53 vertically and fixedly arranged around the side wall of the inclined bottom plate 51, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves 54 are arranged on the upper surface of the inclined bottom plate 51 in parallel with the top baffle plates 52 at intervals, the length of each arc-shaped groove 54 is slightly larger than that of the second spray head 20, the top baffle plate 52 and the side baffle plate 53 of the drainage plate 50 are fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the exchange pool 2 respectively, one side of the drainage plate 50 far away from the top baffle plate 52 is not contacted with the inner side wall of the exchange pool 2, the arc-shaped grooves 54 are parallel with the second spray head 20, the drainage plate 50 at the topmost end is arranged along the direction far away from the spray heads, the top baffle plates 52 of any two adjacent drainage plates 50 are fixedly arranged on the opposite side walls of the exchange pool 2, the drainage groove 6 is positioned below one side of the drainage plate 50 at the lowest end, which is far away from the top baffle plate 52;
step two, detaching a fifth pipeline 73 communicated with the first spray nozzle 10, enabling the fifth pipeline 73 to be communicated with the culture pond 1 through a sixth pipeline, opening a fifth pump body, pumping water in the culture pond 1 to a buffer tank 4, adding a mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder with a mass ratio of 2:1 into the exchange pond 2, and stirring to completely dissolve the mixture to obtain sterilized water, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder to the water in the exchange pond 2 is 100 mg/L;
removing sludge with the thickness of 2-3cm on the bottom of a culture pond 1, spreading a layer of quicklime with the thickness of 3-5mm on the bottom of the culture pond 1, insolating for 4 days until the bottom of the culture pond is dry, cleaning the quicklime on the bottom of the culture pond 1 to crack, injecting disinfectant water until the depth of a water body in the culture pond 1 is 1.7m, and spraying a microorganism regulator;
step four, before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, carrying out fertilizer water treatment, adjusting the temperature of a water body to be 25 ℃, the pH value to be 8.5 and the transparency to be 40cm to obtain breeding water, putting 800 loaches in a breeding pond 1 per mu, and putting shrimp larvae, wherein the putting density of the shrimp larvae is 8 ten thousand per mu;
fifthly, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-12:00 points every day within 30 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, exchanging water bodies with the total volume of four tenths in the culture pond 1 every 5 days, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-13:00 points every day within 30-90 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, exchanging water bodies with the total volume of three tenths in the culture pond 1 every 2 days, exchanging water bodies at 11:00-16:00 points every day within 90-120 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, and exchanging water bodies with the total volume of four tenths in the culture pond 1 every 2 days;
wherein, the water body exchange specifically is: opening a first pump body, pumping the water body in the culture pond 1 into an exchange pond 2, opening a second pump body, and pumping the water body in the water receiving groove 6 into the culture pond 1, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water body in the water receiving groove 6 into the culture pond 1, and then closing the second pump body;
the water body for replacing three to four tenths of the total volume in the culture pond 1 is specifically as follows: opening the third pump body, pumping the residues in the culture pond 1 into a sedimentation tank 3, settling for 6 hours, then opening the fourth pump body, pumping the supernatant in the sedimentation tank 3 into a buffer tank 4, injecting clear water into the buffer tank 4 until the total volume of the water in the buffer tank 4 is equal to the volume of the water pumped out of the culture pond 1, adjusting the water body in the buffer tank 4 into culture water, opening the fifth pump body, and pumping the water body in the buffer tank 4 into the culture pond 1;
the microbial regulator is a mixture of lactobacillus, bacillus, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria and lactobacillus plantarum with the mass ratio of 1:1.2:1, and 5kg of microbial regulator is added into each mu of culture pond 1;
the breeding method for improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone further comprises the steps that 1 aerator 8 is arranged in each mu of breeding pond 1, the distance between an aeration main pipe 80 of each aerator 8 and the bottom of the breeding pond 1 is 0.4m, the aerator is arranged along the length direction of the treatment pond, a plurality of aeration auxiliary pipes 81 are arranged perpendicular to the aeration main pipe 80 along the width direction of the treatment pond, a plurality of aeration holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom end of each aeration auxiliary pipe 81 at intervals, and porous materials formed by mutually communicated pore diameters are laid in the aeration holes; wherein, the oxygen increasing machine 8 is opened every day for 5 hours within 30 days of the shrimp larvae, the oxygen increasing machine 8 is opened every day for 6 hours within 30-90 days of the shrimp larvae, the oxygen increasing machine 8 is opened every day for 7 hours within 90-120 days of the shrimp larvae, and the oxygen increasing can be carried out at intervals or continuously;
the first spray head 10 comprises an annular pipe 11 arranged along the circumferential direction of the top surface of the culture pond 1, a water outlet is arranged on one side, close to the inner wall of the culture pond 1, of the annular pipe 11, a guide plate 12 is arranged on the side wall, located below the water outlet, of the annular pipe 11 along the direction towards the inner wall of the culture pond 1, and the distance between the bottom end of the guide plate 12 and the inner wall of the culture pond 1 is 0.4 mm;
the flow receiving groove 6 is of a truncated cuboid structure, the flow receiving groove is arranged along the length direction of the side, away from the top baffle plate 52, of the drainage plate 50 located at the lowest end, a substrate 60 is clamped above the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove 6 in a sealing and inclined mode along the length direction of the flow receiving groove, the lowest end of the substrate 60 is sealed with a space defined by the inner wall and the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove 6, so that a low-lying part is formed at the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove 6, and one end, located in the flow receiving groove 6, of a second pipeline 70 is communicated with the low-lying part of the flow receiving groove 6;
the specific steps of the fertilizer water treatment in the fourth step are as follows:
a. opening an aerator 8 for continuous aeration, and closing the aerator 81 h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone;
b. opening a first pump body, pumping water in the culture pond 1 into the exchange pond 2, opening a second pump body, and pumping water in the collecting groove 6 into the culture pond 1, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body 1h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, and closing the second pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water in the exchange pond 2 into the culture pond 1;
c. spraying 1000m of organic acid antidotal L and 500g of black soil essence to each mu of culture pond 1 24h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, and spraying 500g of vitamin regulator to each mu of culture pond 16 h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone;
the vitamin regulator is specifically as follows: mixing and steaming Chinese yam, laver, frozen bean curd and peas in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1 for 60min to obtain a steamed mixture, placing the steamed mixture into a beater, adding lemon juice in an amount which is 0.2 times of the mass of the steamed mixture, beating to obtain pulp, adding mixed vitamins in an amount which is 0.05 times of the mass of the pulp, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the vitamin regulator, wherein the mixed vitamins are a mixture of vitamin C, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 1:1.1:1.3: 1.
< example 3>
As shown in fig. 1-3, a cultivation method for improving the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone comprises the following steps:
step one, a culture system is built, and the culture system comprises: the device comprises a culture pond 1, an exchange pond 2, a sedimentation pond 3 and a buffer pond 4 which are all cuboid-shaped, wherein the top end of the culture pond 1 is provided with a first spray head 10, the position of the side wall of the culture pond 1, which is 0.55m away from the bottom of the pond, is provided with an exchange liquid outlet 13, one side wall of the top end of the exchange pond 2 is provided with a tubular second spray head 20 along the length direction, the bottom of the second spray head 20 is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals, the exchange pond 2 is positioned below the spray head and is provided with a drainage component 5 so as to lead water in the second spray head 20 into a flow receiving groove 6 positioned at the lowest end of the drainage component 5, one end of a first pipeline 7 is communicated with the exchange liquid outlet 13, the other end is communicated with the second spray head 20 at the top end of the exchange pond 2, the first pipeline 7 is provided with a first pump body so as to pump water in the culture pond 1 into the exchange pond 2, one end of a, a second pump body is arranged on the second pipeline 70 to pump the water body in the flow receiving groove 6 into the culture pond 1, the side wall of the culture pond 1 is close to the bottom of the pond and is provided with a residue outlet 14, a plurality of partition plates 30 are clamped in the sedimentation pond 3 at equal intervals to divide the sedimentation pond 3 into a plurality of sedimentation spaces, the top surface of each partition plate 30 is lower than the top surface of the sedimentation pond 3, one end of each third pipeline 71 is communicated with the residue outlet 14, the other end of each third pipeline is communicated with the sedimentation space at one end of the sedimentation pond 3 close to the culture pond 1, a third pump body is arranged on each third pipeline 71 to pump the residue in the culture pond 1 into the sedimentation pond 3, one end of each fourth pipeline 72 is communicated with the sedimentation space at one end of the sedimentation pond 3 far away from the culture pond 1, the other end of each fourth pipeline 72 is communicated with the buffer pond 4, a fourth pump body is arranged on each fourth pipeline, one end of a fifth pipeline 73 is communicated with the buffer tank 4, the other end of the fifth pipeline 73 is communicated with the first spray head 10 at the top end of the culture pond 1, and a fifth pump body is arranged on the fifth pipeline 73 so as to pump the water body in the buffer tank 4 into the culture pond 1;
wherein, the drainage component 5 comprises a plurality of drainage plates 50 arranged at intervals, each drainage plate 50 comprises a transparent inclined bottom plate 51, a top baffle plate 52 and a side baffle plate 53 vertically and fixedly arranged around the side wall of the inclined bottom plate 51, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves 54 are arranged on the upper surface of the inclined bottom plate 51 in parallel with the top baffle plates 52 at intervals, the length of each arc-shaped groove 54 is slightly larger than that of the second spray head 20, the top baffle plate 52 and the side baffle plate 53 of the drainage plate 50 are fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the exchange pool 2 respectively, one side of the drainage plate 50 far away from the top baffle plate 52 is not contacted with the inner side wall of the exchange pool 2, the arc-shaped grooves 54 are parallel with the second spray head 20, the drainage plate 50 at the topmost end is arranged along the direction far away from the spray heads, the top baffle plates 52 of any two adjacent drainage plates 50 are fixedly arranged on the opposite side walls of the exchange pool 2, the drainage groove 6 is positioned below one side of the drainage plate 50 at the lowest end, which is far away from the top baffle plate 52;
step two, detaching a fifth pipeline 73 communicated with the first spray nozzle 10, enabling the fifth pipeline 73 to be communicated with the culture pond 1 through a sixth pipeline, opening a fifth pump body, pumping water in the culture pond 1 to a buffer tank 4, adding a mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder with a mass ratio of 2:1 into the exchange pond 2, and stirring to completely dissolve the mixture to obtain sterilized water, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder to the water in the exchange pond 2 is 80 mg/L;
removing sludge with the thickness of 2-3cm on the bottom of a culture pond 1, spreading a layer of quicklime with the thickness of 3-5mm on the bottom of the culture pond 1, insolating for 3 days until the bottom of the culture pond is dry and cracked, cleaning the quicklime on the bottom of the culture pond 1 to crack, injecting disinfectant water until the depth of a water body in the culture pond 1 is 1.6m, and spraying a microorganism regulator;
step four, before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, carrying out fertilizer water treatment, adjusting the temperature of a water body to 23 ℃, the pH value to 8.1 and the transparency to 35cm to obtain breeding water, putting 750 loaches in a breeding pond 1 per mu, and putting shrimp larvae, wherein the putting density of the shrimp larvae is 7 ten thousand per mu;
fifthly, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-12:00 points every day within 30 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, exchanging water bodies with three tenths of the total volume in the culture pond 1 every 4 days, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-13:00 points every day within 30-90 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, exchanging water bodies with three tenths of the total volume in the culture pond 1 every 2 days, exchanging water bodies at 11:00-16:00 points every day within 90-120 days after the shrimp larvae are thrown in, and exchanging water bodies with four tenths of the total volume in the culture pond 1 every 2 days;
wherein, the water body exchange specifically is: opening a first pump body, pumping the water body in the culture pond 1 into an exchange pond 2, opening a second pump body, and pumping the water body in the water receiving groove 6 into the culture pond 1, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water body in the water receiving groove 6 into the culture pond 1, and then closing the second pump body;
the water body for replacing three to four tenths of the total volume in the culture pond 1 is specifically as follows: opening the third pump body, pumping the residues in the culture pond 1 into a sedimentation tank 3, settling for 5-6h, then opening the fourth pump body, pumping the supernatant in the sedimentation tank 3 into a buffer tank 4, injecting clear water into the buffer tank 4 until the total volume of the water in the buffer tank 4 is equal to the volume of the water pumped out of the culture pond 1, adjusting the water body in the buffer tank 4 into culture water, opening the fifth pump body, and pumping the water body in the buffer tank 4 into the culture pond 1;
the microbial regulator is a mixture of lactobacillus, bacillus, nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria and lactobacillus plantarum with the mass ratio of 1:1.2:1, and 4kg of microbial regulator is added into each mu of culture pond 1;
the breeding method for improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone further comprises the steps that 1 aerator 8 is arranged in each mu of breeding pond 1, the distance between an aeration main pipe 80 of each aerator 8 and the bottom of the breeding pond 1 is 0.35m, the aerator is arranged along the length direction of the treatment pond, a plurality of aeration auxiliary pipes 81 are arranged perpendicular to the aeration main pipe 80 along the width direction of the treatment pond, a plurality of aeration holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom end of each aeration auxiliary pipe 81 at intervals, and porous materials formed by mutually communicated pore diameters are laid in the aeration holes; wherein, the oxygen increasing machine 8 is opened every day for 5 hours within 30 days of the shrimp larvae, the oxygen increasing machine 8 is opened every day for 6 hours within 30-90 days of the shrimp larvae, the oxygen increasing machine 8 is opened every day for 7 hours within 90-120 days of the shrimp larvae, and the oxygen increasing can be carried out at intervals or continuously;
the first spray head 10 comprises an annular pipe 11 arranged along the circumferential direction of the top surface of the culture pond 1, a water outlet is arranged on one side, close to the inner wall of the culture pond 1, of the annular pipe 11, a guide plate 12 is arranged on the side wall, located below the water outlet, of the annular pipe 11 along the direction towards the inner wall of the culture pond 1, and the distance between the bottom end of the guide plate 12 and the inner wall of the culture pond 1 is 0.3 mm;
the flow receiving groove 6 is of a truncated cuboid structure, the flow receiving groove is arranged along the length direction of the side, away from the top baffle plate 52, of the drainage plate 50 located at the lowest end, a substrate 60 is clamped above the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove 6 in a sealing and inclined mode along the length direction of the flow receiving groove, the lowest end of the substrate 60 is sealed with a space defined by the inner wall and the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove 6, so that a low-lying part is formed at the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove 6, and one end, located in the flow receiving groove 6, of a second pipeline 70 is communicated with the low-lying part of the flow receiving groove 6;
the specific steps of the fertilizer water treatment in the fourth step are as follows:
a. opening an aerator 8 for continuous aeration, and closing the aerator 81 h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone;
b. opening a first pump body, pumping water in the culture pond 1 into the exchange pond 2, opening a second pump body, and pumping water in the collecting groove 6 into the culture pond 1, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body 1h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, and closing the second pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water in the exchange pond 2 into the culture pond 1;
c. spraying 1000m of organic acid antidotal L and 500g of black soil essence to each mu of culture pond 1 24h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, and spraying 500g of vitamin regulator to each mu of culture pond 16 h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone;
the vitamin regulator is specifically as follows: mixing and steaming Chinese yam, laver, frozen bean curd and peas in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1 for 65min to obtain a steamed mixture, placing the steamed mixture into a beater, adding lemon juice in an amount which is 0.2 times of the mass of the steamed mixture, beating to obtain pulp, adding mixed vitamins in an amount which is 0.05 times of the mass of the pulp, and stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the vitamin regulator, wherein the mixed vitamins are a mixture of vitamin C, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 1:1.1:1.3: 1.
< comparative example 1>
On the basis of the embodiment 3, the water body in the culture pond 1 is not pumped into the buffer pond 4, and equal amount of quicklime and equal amount of the mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder are directly sprayed into the water body for treatment, so that the culture of the penaeus vannamei boone is not carried out.
< comparative example 2>
On the basis of the embodiment 3, the exchange pond 2, the sedimentation pond 3 and the buffer pond 4 are not arranged, and the water body exchange and the water body replacement in the culture pond 1 are not carried out, and the culture lasts for 120 days.
< comparative example 3>
On the basis of example 3, the vitamin modulators do not include: rhizoma Dioscoreae, thallus Porphyrae, frozen bean curd, semen Pisi Sativi, and lemon juice, which are mixed vitamins, and culturing for 120 days.
< detection of culture results >
Test 1: the sludge thickness measurements of example 3 and comparative example 1 gave: selecting a plurality of places to respectively detect the sludge thickness of the pond bottom in the comparative example 1, selecting a plurality of places to respectively detect the sludge thickness of the pond bottom in the example 3, and taking an average value to obtain that the sludge thickness of the pond bottom in the comparative example 1 is far larger than the sludge thickness of the pond bottom in the example 3, wherein the sludge thickness is detected by taking a rod body with the section diameter of 10cm and the weight of 60 kilograms, vertically putting the rod body into the culture pond 1 and detecting the depth of the rod body submerged into the sludge in the pond body;
test 2: detecting the water body and the sludge at the bottom of the pool to obtain: the total number of the colonies of the water body and the sludge at the bottom of the pool in the comparative example 1 and the water body and the sludge at the bottom of the pool in the example 3 are measured, and the total number of the colonies of the water body in the comparative example 1 is far larger than the total number of the colonies of the water body in the example 3, and the total number of the colonies of the sludge at the bottom of the pool in the comparative example 1 is far larger than the total number of the colonies of the sludge at the bottom of the pool in the example 3.
Test 3: statistics are carried out on the staged growth of the penaeus vannamei boone of the example 3 and the comparative examples 2 to 3, and the results are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 staged survival rate parameter table for Penaeus vannamei Boone
Calculating the survival rate of the young penaeus vannamei boone by adopting a statistical method, respectively weighing the total weight of the penaeus vannamei boone in the culture pond 1 after 120 days of culture as W, randomly selecting 10 groups, weighing 200 penaeus vannamei boone in each group, respectively weighing the weight of G1-G10, and calculating the number of the penaeus vannamei boone to obtain the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone;
in the whole culture period of the example 3, the shrimp body vitality is sufficient, the water color is fresh and tender green, in the comparative example 2, the water color is gradually turbid along with the increase of the culture time in the culture period, and the obvious large-area death phenomenon appears in the penaeus vannamei boone in the later period, in the comparative example 2, the head of the penaeus vannamei boone is obviously smaller than that in the example 2 after 120 days of culture, in the comparative example 3, in the initial culture period, part of the penaeus vannamei boone has insufficient vitality, is slow in eating, even dies by stress, and gradually tends to be stable in the later period.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A culture method for improving the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a culture system is built, and the culture system comprises: the device comprises a rectangular culture pond, an exchange pond, a sedimentation pond and a buffer pond, wherein the top end of the culture pond is provided with a first spray head, the position of the side wall of the culture pond, which is 0.5-0.6m away from the bottom of the pond, is provided with an exchange liquid outlet, one side wall of the top end of the exchange pond is provided with a tubular second spray head along the length direction of the exchange pond, the bottom of the second spray head is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals, the exchange pond is positioned below the spray head and is provided with a drainage component for leading water in the second spray head into a flow receiving groove positioned at the lowest end of the drainage component, one end of a first pipeline is communicated with the exchange liquid outlet, the other end of the first pipeline is communicated with the second spray head at the top end of the exchange pond, the first pipeline is provided with a first pump body for pumping water in the culture pond into the exchange pond, one end of the second pipeline is communicated with the, pumping water in the collecting tank into a culture pond, wherein the side wall of the culture pond is close to the bottom of the pond and is provided with a residue outlet, a plurality of partition plates are clamped in the sedimentation pond at equal intervals to divide the sedimentation pond into a plurality of sedimentation spaces, the top surface of each partition plate is lower than the top surface of the sedimentation pond, one end of a third pipeline is communicated with the residue outlet, the other end of the third pipeline is communicated with the sedimentation space at one end of the sedimentation pond close to the culture pond, a third pump body is arranged on the third pipeline to pump residues in the culture pond into the sedimentation pond, one end of the fourth pipeline is communicated with the sedimentation space at one end of the sedimentation pond far away from the culture pond, the other end of the fourth pipeline is communicated with a buffer pond, a fourth pump body is arranged on the fourth pipeline to pump supernatant in the buffer pond, one end of the fifth pipeline is communicated with the buffer pond, the other end of the fifth pipeline is communicated with a first, pumping the water body in the buffer pool into the culture pool;
wherein the drainage component comprises a plurality of drainage plates arranged at intervals, the drainage plates comprise transparent inclined bottom plates, top baffles and side baffles which are vertically and fixedly arranged around the side walls of the inclined bottom plates, a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are arranged on the upper surface of the inclined bottom plate in parallel with the top baffle at intervals, the length of each arc-shaped groove is slightly greater than that of the second spray head, the top baffle and the side baffle of the drainage plate are respectively fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the exchange tank, one side of the drainage plate, which is far away from the top baffle, is not contacted with the inner side wall of the exchange tank, the arc-shaped groove is parallel to the second spray head, the drainage plate positioned at the topmost end is arranged along the direction far away from the spray head, the top baffle plates of any two adjacent drainage plates are fixedly arranged on the opposite side walls of the exchange tank, and the drainage groove is positioned below one side, far away from the top baffle plate, of the drainage plate at the lowest end;
step two, a fifth pipeline communicated with the first spray head is disassembled, the fifth pipeline is communicated with the culture pond through a sixth pipeline, a fifth pump body is opened, a water pump in the culture pond is pumped into a buffer pond, a mixture of chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder with the mass ratio of 2:1 is added into the exchange pond, and the mixture is stirred to be completely dissolved to obtain the disinfectant solution, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the mixture of the chlorine dioxide and the bleaching powder to the water in the exchange pond is 60-100 mg/L;
removing sludge with the thickness of 2-3cm on the bottom of the culture pond, spreading a layer of quicklime with the thickness of 3-5mm on the bottom of the culture pond, exposing for 2-4 days until the bottom of the culture pond is dry and cracked, cleaning the quicklime on the bottom of the culture pond to crack, injecting sterilizing water until the water depth in the culture pond is 1.5-1.7m, and spraying a microbial regulator;
step four, before the south America white shrimps are released, fertilizer water treatment is carried out, the temperature of a water body is adjusted to be 22-25 ℃, the pH value is 7.8-8.5, the transparency is 30-40cm, breeding water is obtained, 700 plus loaches and 800 minus loaches are thrown in each mu of breeding pond, shrimp seedlings are thrown, and the throwing density of the shrimp seedlings is 6-8 ten thousand per mu;
fifthly, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-12:00 points every day within 30 days of putting the shrimp seeds, exchanging water bodies of three-tenth to four-tenth of the total volume in the culture pond every 3-5 days, exchanging water bodies at 9:00-13:00 points every day within 30-90 days of putting the shrimp seeds, exchanging water bodies of three-tenth to four-tenth of the total volume in the culture pond every 2-3 days, exchanging water bodies at 11:00-16:00 points every day within 90-120 days of putting the shrimp seeds, and exchanging water bodies of three-tenth to four-tenth of the total volume in the culture pond every 1-2 days;
wherein, the water body exchange specifically is: opening a first pump body, pumping the water body in the culture pond into an exchange pond, opening a second pump body, and pumping the water body in the flow receiving groove into the culture pond, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water body in the flow receiving groove into the culture pond, and closing the second pump body;
the water body for changing the total volume of three to four tenths in the culture pond is specifically as follows: and opening the third pump body, pumping the residues in the culture pond into a sedimentation pond, settling for 5-6h, then opening the fourth pump body, pumping the supernatant in the sedimentation pond into a buffer pond, injecting clear water into the buffer pond until the total volume of water in the buffer pond is equal to the volume of water pumped out of the culture pond, adjusting the water body in the buffer pond into culture water, opening the fifth pump body, and pumping the water body in the buffer pond into the culture pond.
2. The method for improving the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of arranging 1 aerator in each mu of culture pond, wherein the distance between an aerator main pipe of the aerator and the bottom of the culture pond is 0.3-0.4m, the aerator main pipe is arranged along the length direction of the treatment pond, a plurality of aerator auxiliary pipes are arranged along the width direction of the treatment pond and perpendicular to the aerator main pipe, a plurality of aerator holes are formed in the side wall of the bottom end of each aerator auxiliary pipe at intervals, and porous materials formed by mutually communicated pore diameters are laid in the aerator holes; wherein, the oxygen increasing machine is opened every day for 5h within 30 days of the shrimp larvae, the oxygen increasing machine is opened every day for 6h within 30-90 days of the shrimp larvae, and the oxygen increasing machine is opened every day for 7h within 90-120 days of the shrimp larvae.
3. The aquaculture method for improving the survival rate of penaeus vannamei boone according to claim 1, wherein the first spray head comprises an annular pipe which is arranged along the circumferential direction of the top surface of the aquaculture pond, a water outlet is formed in one side, close to the inner wall of the aquaculture pond, of the annular pipe, a guide plate is arranged on the side wall, below the water outlet, of the annular pipe in the direction towards the inner wall of the aquaculture pond, and the distance between the bottom end of the guide plate and the inner wall of the aquaculture pond is not more than 0.5 mm.
4. The breeding method for improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow receiving groove is of a truncated cuboid structure and is arranged along the length direction of the side, away from the top baffle, of the drainage plate at the lowest end, a substrate is clamped above the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove in a sealed and inclined mode along the length direction of the flow receiving groove, the lowest end of the substrate is sealed with a space formed by the inner wall and the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove so as to form a low-lying position on the bottom surface of the flow receiving groove, and one end, located in the flow receiving groove, of the second pipeline is communicated with the low-lying position of the flow receiving groove.
5. The culture method for improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concrete steps of the fertilizer water treatment in the fourth step are as follows:
a. opening an aerator for continuously increasing oxygen, and closing the aerator 1h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone;
b. opening a first pump body, pumping water in the culture pond into an exchange pond, opening a second pump body, and pumping water in the collecting groove into the culture pond, wherein the water pumping speeds of the first pump body and the second pump body are the same, closing the first pump body 1h before stocking the penaeus vannamei boone, and closing the second pump body until the second pump body completely pumps the water in the exchange pond into the culture pond;
c. 24 hours before the south America white shrimps are put in the breeding pond, 1000m L grams of organic acid detoxification agent and 500 grams of black soil essence are sprayed in each mu of the breeding pond, and 500 grams of vitamin regulator are sprayed in each mu of the breeding pond 6 hours before the south America white shrimps are put in the breeding pond.
6. The culture method for improving the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 5, wherein the vitamin regulator is specifically: mixing and steaming Chinese yam, laver, frozen bean curd and peas in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1 for 60-70min to obtain a steamed mixture, placing the steamed mixture into a beater, adding lemon juice in an amount which is 0.2 times of the mass of the steamed mixture, beating to obtain a pulp, adding mixed vitamins in an amount which is 0.05 times of the mass of the pulp, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the vitamin regulator, wherein the mixed vitamins are a mixture of vitamin C, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 1:1.1:1.3: 1.
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