CN107164422A - 续随子二萜醇衍生物的转化方法及其在制备抗肿瘤药物中的用途 - Google Patents
续随子二萜醇衍生物的转化方法及其在制备抗肿瘤药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属生物药物领域,涉及续随子二萜烷型化合物的微生物转化方法。本发明利用诺卡氏菌 Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646对续随子二萜醇及7‑羟基续随子二萜醇进行微生物转化,制备得到3‑羰基续随子二萜醇和7‑乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇衍生物;经实验证实,其中的3‑羰基二萜醇极性降低,较底物具有更好的细胞毒活性,为具开发价值的抗肿瘤先导化合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属生物药物领域,涉及续随子二萜烷型化合物的转化方法,具体涉及利用已知微生物对续随子二萜醇及其衍生物进行微生物转化,制备具有抗癌活性的续随子二萜烷型衍生物。
背景技术
现有技术公开了续随子二萜烷型化合物属于二萜骨架的天然产物,具有较明显的抗肿瘤活性与抗肿瘤多药耐药性(MDR)。构效关系研究表明,其母核上取代基的差异能明显改变该类化合物的抗肿瘤活性和MDR活性。
有研究公开了续随子二萜烷型化合物是从大戟科植物续随子Euphorbialathyris L.中首次分离得到(Tetrahedron Letters, 1971, 18: 1325-1328)。随后从其他植物中也陆续分离得到多种续随子二萜烷型衍生物,如从大戟科植物Euphorbialagascae中分离得到5个具有诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和抗肿瘤多药耐药性的续随子二萜醇酯衍生物(Planta Medica, 2005, 72: 162-168)。现阶段研究表明,续随子烷型二萜除了具有细胞毒活性、抗肿瘤多药耐药性外,还具有一定的抗艾滋病毒活性(Journal of NaturalProducts, 2011, 74: 1221-1229)。目前,对续随子二萜烷型化合物的结构修饰主要停留在对其侧链酯键的水解和侧链羟基的酰化等方面,其中也得到了一些活性更好的抗肿瘤多药耐药性衍生物(Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2014, 22: 6392-6400)。为了发现活性更强的续随子二萜烷型先导化合物,有必要探索其他方法对该类化合物进行结构修饰,以进一步探索和发现其结构与活性之间的关系。
微生物转化是利用微生物生长过程中合成的特异酶完成特定生化反应。据报道,微生物在生长过程中可以合成多种酶,催化不同反应,例如氧化反应、还原反应、水解反应、脱氢反应、缩合反应和开环反应等,这类酶催化反应具有特异性和专属性,相对于化学反应,在底物的非活性碳原子上进行反应更高效环保。
因此,利用微生物对续随子二萜烷型化合物进行转化研究,以期获得一些难以用传统化学合成制备的特异位点的转化产物,迄今为止尚未见有关续随子二萜类化合物的微生物转化研究的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供续随子二萜烷型化合物结构改造的方法,具体涉及通过微生物转化法制备具有抗癌活性的续随子二萜烷衍生物。
本发明使用诺卡氏菌 (Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646) 分别对续随子二萜醇(Lathyrol)和7β-羟基续随子二萜醇(7β-hydroxylathyrol)进行了微生物转化,获得式(Ⅰ)结构通式的续随子烷型二萜衍生物:
(Ⅰ)
经鉴定,所获得的续随子烷型二萜衍生物化合物为:
化合物1 3-羰基续随子二萜醇:R1 = =O, R2 = H
化合物2 7β-乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇:R1 = β-OH, R2 = OAc 。
本发明利用诺卡氏菌 (Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646)对续随子二萜烷类化合物进行生物转化,制备了极性降低的续随子二萜烷型衍生物;其中,利用该菌产生的选择性氧化酶对续随子二萜醇的C-3羟基进行选择性氧化反应,制备得到3-羰基衍生物(1);利用该菌产生的乙酰化酶对7β-羟基续随子二萜醇进行选择性乙酰化,制备得到7-乙酰氧基取代衍生物(2)。
更具体的,本发明提供了续随子二萜醇衍生物的转化方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)生产菌株为诺卡氏菌 (Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646),该菌株在琼脂培养基上生长良好,将生长在琼脂培养基上的诺卡氏菌划线接种于马铃薯固体培养基上,在20-28 °C的恒温培养箱中培养3-7天,得到试管种;
其中,所述诺卡氏菌 (Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646)微生物还包括其功能等同的变异体和突变体;
(2)将试管种中的菌体接种到250 mL的三角瓶中,每瓶含有50 mL液体马铃薯培养基,培养温度为25-28 °C,转速为160-180 rpm,培养时间为48-72小时,获得种子液;
(3)将种子液按2%~5%体积比接入新鲜马铃薯培养基,25-28 °C、160-180 rpm条件下培养24-72小时后,加入转化底物续随子二萜醇或7β-羟基续随子二萜醇, 在25-28 °C、160-180 rpm的条件下转化培养72小时。本发明的一个实施例中,优选将诺卡氏菌 (Nocardiasp. NRRL 5646) 种子液按3%体积比接入马铃薯培养基,28 ℃培养72小时,再加入4 mg/mL续随子二萜醇或7β-羟基续随子二萜醇的乙醇溶液;
(4)将含有菌体的发酵液按照1:1.5体积比用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层。残有菌体的乙酸乙酯提取液经布氏漏斗抽滤得到澄清萃取液,再经减压蒸干得发酵产物浸膏;续随子二萜醇发酵浸膏经硅胶柱层析纯化得转化产物3-羰基续随子二萜醇(1);7β-羟基续随子二萜醇发酵浸膏经硅胶柱层析纯化得到转化产物7β-乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇(2);
其中,所述的液体培养基包括组分:200 g马铃薯去皮,切成1立方厘米小丁,1 L水微沸煎煮20分钟,随后用8层纱布趁热过滤,放凉后用水将滤液补齐至1 L,加入20 g葡萄糖,搅拌溶解;分装并经121 °C高压灭菌20分钟后,放凉使用;
其中,所述的固体培养基包含组分:液体培养基加入1%琼脂,加热溶解并分装,121 °C高压灭菌20分钟后,放凉使用。
本发明进行了抗肿瘤活性实验,结果显示,制得的3-羰基续随子二萜醇衍生物(1)较底物有更好的抗肿瘤活性,为更具开发价值的续随子二萜烷型先导化合物;进一步,本发明制得的续随子二萜衍生物可制备抗肿瘤活性的药物或药物组合物,其中含有所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂及药学上可接受的载体。
具体实施方式
实施例1 制备3-羰基续随子二萜醇(1)
采用两步活化法活化菌种,获得的种子液以3%体积比接种于装有250 mL马铃薯培养基、体积为1 L三角瓶中,28 °C,180 rpm条件下摇瓶培养72 h,每瓶活化后的菌液加入4mg/mL的续随子二萜醇乙醇溶液,终浓度为0.1 mg/mL。同条件培养72 h后,加入1.5倍体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次(约1200 mL),合并有机层。残有菌体的有机层经布氏漏斗抽滤,得澄清萃取液,再减压回收乙酸乙酯得到发酵液提取物;
发酵液提取物用少量乙酸乙酯溶解,以硅胶(100目-200目)拌样,上样于装有40~50 g柱层析硅胶(200-300目)的硅胶柱内,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(4:1)洗脱,先后得到含3-羰基续随子二萜醇(1)和底物续随子二萜醇的流分,回收溶剂,用丙酮溶解残渣,将样品溶液点于硅胶薄层板上,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(7:3)上行法展开,取出晾干溶剂后,喷以10%的硫酸-乙醇溶液,加热显色,样品点在硅胶薄层板中为砖红色-棕色斑点,其中转化产物3-羰基续随子二萜醇(1)的Rf值为0.5左右;底物续随子二萜醇的Rf值为0.4左右。化合物1的NMR结构鉴定数据如表1所示。
实施例2 制备7β-乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇(2)
采用两步活化法活化菌种,获得的种子液以3%体积比接种于装有250 mL马铃薯培养基、体积为1 L三角瓶中,28 °C,180 rpm条件下摇瓶培养72 h,每瓶活化后的菌液加入5mg/mL的7β-羟基续随子二萜醇的乙醇溶液,终浓度为0.1 mg/mL。同条件培养72 h后,加入1.5倍体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次(约1200 mL),合并有机层。残有菌体的有机层经布氏漏斗抽率,得澄清萃取液,再减压回收乙酸乙酯得到发酵液提取物;
发酵液提取物用少量乙酸乙酯溶解,以硅胶(100目-200目)拌样,上样于装有40~50 g柱层析硅胶(200-300目)的玻璃层析柱内,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(3:1)洗脱,先后得到含7β-乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇(2)和底物7β-羟基续随子二萜醇的流分,回收溶剂,用丙酮溶解残渣,将样品溶液点于硅胶薄层板上,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(7:3)上行法展开,取出晾干溶剂后,喷以10%的硫酸-乙醇溶液,加热显色,样品点在硅胶薄层板中为砖红色-棕色斑点,其中转化产物7β-乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇(2)的Rf值为0.6左右;底物7β-羟基续随子二萜醇的Rf值为0.3左右。化合物2的NMR结构鉴定数据如表1所示。
表1是 转化产物3-羰基续随子二萜醇(1)和7β-乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇(2)的NMR数据(400 MHz, CD3OD).。
表1
实施例3 3-羰基续随子二萜醇(1)的抗肿瘤活性实验
以人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和人结肠癌细胞(Caco-2)为模型。MCF-7细胞培养基为含有10%小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养基,Caco-2细胞培养基为含有10%小牛血清、1%谷氨酸的DMEM培养基;细胞经10%胰蛋白酶消化后,用培养基吹散制成单细胞悬液,计数后调整细胞浓度为105个/mL,将细胞接种于96孔板,每孔体积为100 mL。经过37℃、5% CO2孵育24 h后,弃去上清液,细胞分组加含药培养基200 mL,每个浓度设置3个复孔;实验组加入不同浓度的化合物1和续随子二萜醇的DMSO溶液(100.0、80.0、50.0、40.0、25.0、20.0、12.5、10.0、6.25和5.0 mM),空白组加入同体积不含药DMSO溶液;将96孔板置于37℃,含5% CO2的细胞孵育箱内培养48 h后,每孔加入10 mL 5 mg/mL的MTT,37℃避光孵育4 h,弃去上清液,每孔加入150 mL DMSO,用平板振荡仪振荡15 min,使结晶溶解;用酶标仪在570 nm波长下检测每孔光吸收值(OD值);计算化合物1和续随子二萜醇对MCF-7 及Caco-2 细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50);根据MTT比色法结果显示,续随子二萜醇在实验浓度内对MCF-7及Caco-2细胞均无抑制作用,而化合物1在实验浓度内对MCF-7及Caco-2细胞均有抑制作用,其IC50分别为53.2± 10.4 mM和 58.5 ± 13.2 mM。
Claims (5)
1.续随子二萜醇衍生物的转化方法,其特征在于,用诺卡氏菌 (Nocardia sp. NRRL5646)菌种微生物或其功能等同的变异体和突变体,对续随子二萜和7-羟基续随子二萜醇进行微生物转化,获得式(Ⅰ)结构的续随子二萜烷型化合物:
(Ⅰ)
其中,
化合物1 3-羰基续随子二萜醇:R1 = =O, R2 = H;
化合物2 7β-乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇:R1 = β-OH, R2 = OAc 。
2.按权利要求1所述的续随子二萜醇衍生物的转化方法,其特征在于,其包括步骤:
(1)将生长在琼脂培养基上的诺卡氏菌 (Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646) 菌丝划线接种于马铃薯固体培养基上,在20-28 °C的恒温培养箱中培养3-7天,得试管种;
(2)将试管种中的菌丝接种到三角瓶中,每瓶含有液体马铃薯培养基,培养温度为25-28 °C,转速为160-180 rpm,培养时间为48-72小时,获得种子液;
(3)将种子液按2%~5%体积比接入新鲜马铃薯培养基,28 °C,160-180 rpm条件下培养24-72小时后,加入转化底物, 在25-28 °C、160-180 rpm的条件下转化培养72-240小时,得发酵液;
(4)发酵液按照1:1.5体积比用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,过滤并减压蒸干,发酵产物用硅胶柱层析法分离得到发酵产物3-羰基续随子二萜醇(1)和7β-乙酰氧基续随子二萜醇(2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,将诺卡氏菌 (Nocardiasp. NRRL 5646)种子液按1%-3%体积比接入马铃薯培养基,28 ℃培养24-72小时,再加入转化底物的乙醇溶液。
4.一种药物组合物,其中,含有权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物及药学上可接受的载体。
5.权利要求4所述的药物组合物在用于制备抗肿瘤活性药物中的用途。
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