CN107158084A - 治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药、天然药物制药领域,具体涉及一种治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途。本发明治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物,包括如下重量配比的原料药:瓜蒌皮1份,无花果干1‑20份。本发明药物组合物优选按照前述重量配比称取瓜蒌皮,无花果干,采用以下步骤制备成多糖提取物后,再加入药学上或保健品上可接受的辅料制成常用口服制剂。对本发明提取物进行了体内外抗甲状腺癌药理作用的实验。实验结果表明,本发明的多糖提取物,能降低HT的高滴度自身抗体TGAb和TPOAb,降低IL‑2,升高IL‑4,抑制Th1细胞功能的过度亢进,促使Th1向Th2漂移,从而缓解桥本甲状腺炎。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药、天然药物制药领域,具体涉及一种治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
桥本甲状腺炎(Hashimoto Thyroiditis,简称HT)又称慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎,是临床最常见的自身免疫性甲状腺病,是一种以免疫活性细胞浸润、甲状腺特异性自身抗体和甲状腺自身抗原特异性的T淋巴细胞存在,以及滤泡结构破坏为特征的疾病。近年来,HT的发病率逐渐升高,且发病呈现年轻化趋势。目前临床上对HT甲状腺功能减低的治疗方案主要是甲状腺激素替代治疗,尚无针对病因的治疗措施。研究表明Th1/Th2细胞比例失衡是本病的发病机制之一。Th1细胞和Th2细胞各有不同的功能,它们的正反馈机制对迅速放大机体的免疫功能、尽快有效地启动特异性免疫系统和消除病原体或抗原很有必要。然而,倘若免疫应答的保护使命趋于完成,而机体没有相应的反向调节机制进行有效的阻遏,则会造成病理损伤,从而导致疾病的发生。Th1细胞在HT发病中起主导作用,Th2细胞起保护作用。
中医中药是中华民族的伟大瑰宝,采用中医药在临床上用于自身免疫系统疾病的治疗具有重要地位。桥本甲状腺炎在中医学上可归属于“瘿病”“虚劳”等范畴。“瘿病”是由于情志内伤,饮食及水土失宜等因素引起的,以致气滞、痰凝、血瘀壅结颈前为基本病机,以颈前喉结两旁结块肿大为主要临床特征的一类疾病。桥本甲状腺炎发病部位主要在甲状腺。甲状腺在颈前结喉处,为肝经所属。肝主疏泄,中藏相火,从病因看,情志变化是本病最主要的致病因素,气滞痰凝血滞为其主要病机,故在治疗上予以理气化痰活血为主。
瓜蒌为葫芦科植物栝楼(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)或双边栝楼(Trichosan-thes rosthornii Harms)的干燥成熟果实,具有调肝理气化痰的功效,在我国应用历史悠久,范围广泛。瓜蒌多糖的活性研究鲜有报道,越来越多的研究发现,多糖具有较多的生物活性,如增强免疫力、抗氧化、降血糖、抗肿瘤等,利用价值较高。无花果(Ficuscarica L.)属桑科 (Moracea)榕属植物,因其小花隐藏在花托内,只能看到花托形成的假果而看不到花,故称“无花果”。无花果果实具有较高的营养价值和药用价值,是一种特殊的药食同源的天然保健果品。中医认为无花果性凉、味甘,具有理气化痰的功效,用于治疗咽喉肿痛、肠热便秘、消化不良、腹泻等病症。无花果多糖作为无花果的重要功能因子,可以显著改善实验动物的免疫功能,是较好的免疫调节剂。
目前尚未见以瓜蒌皮和无花果配伍应用用于治疗桥本甲状腺炎的报道,更未见以主要提取瓜蒌皮和无花果的提取工艺,以及应用瓜蒌皮多糖和无花果多糖用于治疗桥本甲状腺炎的报道。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题是提供一种治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物。
本发明治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于:包括如下重量配比的原料药:瓜蒌皮1份,无花果干1-20份。
进一步优选,本发明组合物包括如下重量配比的原料药:瓜蒌皮1份,无花果干5-10份。
最优选,本发明组合物包括如下重量配比的原料药:瓜蒌皮1份,无花果干6份。
本发明组合物以上述重量配比的组分为原料药,按照常规方法制成口服制剂;或加入药学上或保健品上可接受的辅料制成常用口服制剂。如散剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、口服液等。针对本发明药物的应用特点,还提供了该组合物的制备方法。
如:
方法一:将各原料药粉碎成细粉,混合即成散剂;
方法二:将各原料药粉碎成细粉,装胶囊即成胶囊剂;
方法三:将各原料药粉碎成细粉,压片即成片剂;
方法四:将各原料药用水煎煮提取后,浓缩提取液制成颗粒,即成颗粒剂;
方法五:将各原料药用水煎煮提取后,浓缩提取液制成颗粒,装胶囊即成胶囊剂;
方法六:将各原料药用水煎煮提取后,浓缩提取液制成颗粒,压片即成片剂;
方法七:将各原料药用水煎煮提取后,制成口服液。
为了有效利用上述药物组合物,本发明药物组合物优选按照前述重量配比称取瓜蒌皮,无花果干,采用以下步骤制备成多糖提取物后,再加入药学上或保健品上可接受的辅料制成常用口服制剂:
(1)取瓜蒌皮和无花果干,粉碎,加5-10倍量的有机溶剂浸泡12-24小时,过滤得药渣;
(2)药渣按照料液比1:2-5加水,煮沸后持续时间为2-4小时;连续用水提取2-3次,过滤,合并滤液;在60-80℃下,用浓缩滤液至首次加水体积的1/2-1/4,浓缩液备用;
(3)步骤(2)所得的浓缩液中加入浓度为80-100%v/v乙醇,静置,使粗多糖析出,静置温度为4℃或25℃过滤得到粗多糖滤饼;
(4)向步骤(3)所得粗多糖滤饼中加水,采用Servage法对步骤(3)所得滤饼粗多糖进行脱蛋白,即得多糖提取物。
步骤(1)所述有机溶剂为乙醇、甲醇、乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷。
步骤(4)Servage法脱蛋白为常规方法,即按氯仿:正丁醇4:1的比例加入滤饼;混匀后,将样品以速度为500-1000g的速度进行离心,离心时间为20-60min;随后合并上清液;随后采用普通的纤维素透析袋进行透析24-48h,除去氯仿和正丁醇;随后浓缩透析液至50-100ml;进一步按1:2-4倍加入乙醇,静置过夜;回收滤饼,在真空干燥温度为40-60℃的条件下减压干燥滤饼12-24h,即得多糖提取物。
采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,用葡萄糖建立标准曲线,490nm下测定吸光值,测得采用该方法获得的提取物多糖含量均在80%以上。
对本发明提取物进行了体内外抗甲状腺癌药理作用的实验。实验结果表明,本发明的多糖提取物,能降低HT的高滴度自身抗体TGAb和TPOAb,降低IL-2,升高IL-4,抑制Th1细胞功能的过度亢进,促使Th1向Th2漂移,从而缓解桥本甲状腺炎。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1)首次提供了制备以瓜蒌皮和无花果干配伍应用于桥本甲状腺炎的复方药物组合物。
2)本发明制备方法得到的提取物多糖含量均在80%以上。
3)本发明多糖提取物通过体内外抗甲状腺癌药理试验明确了其对于缓解桥本甲状腺炎有明确的治疗效果。
4)本发明的制备方法工艺经济、简便、适用于工业化大生产。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明,说明但不限制本发明。
实施例一 瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物的制备(一)
取瓜蒌皮100g和无花果干500g,粉碎,加入3L倍量的乙酸乙酯浸泡12小时;弃去有机溶剂,往药渣中加入1.3L水,煮沸提取2小时,提取2次,过滤,合并滤液;用薄膜蒸发仪浓缩水提液至600ml,温度设为60℃,浓缩液备用;往浓缩液中加入1.5L80%的乙醇,25℃静置,使粗多糖析出,过滤,得粗多糖滤饼8.6g;加入200ml水溶解滤饼,采用Servage法对滤饼粗多糖进行脱蛋白(32ml氯仿/8ml正丁醇),混匀后,离心,转速为500g,离心30min;合并上清;随后采用普通的纤维素透析袋进行透析24h,除去氯仿和正丁醇;随后浓缩透析液至50ml;进一步乙醇100ml,静置过夜;过滤,回收滤饼,40℃真空干燥12h,得干多糖提取物。采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,测得该方法获得提取物的多糖含量为82%。
实施例二 瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物的制备(二)
取瓜蒌皮100g和无花果干100g,粉碎,加入2L倍量的二氯甲烷浸泡24小时;弃去有机溶剂,往药渣中加入1L水,煮沸提取3小时,提取3次,过滤,合并滤液;用薄膜蒸发仪浓缩水提液至300ml,温度设为80℃,浓缩液备用;往浓缩液中加入1.2L乙醇,4℃静置,使粗多糖析出,过滤,得粗多糖滤饼4.2g;加入200ml水溶解滤饼,采用Servage法对滤饼粗多糖进行脱蛋白(32ml氯仿/8ml正丁醇),混匀后,离心,转速为1000g,离心60min;合并上清;随后采用普通的纤维素透析袋进行透析48h,除去氯仿和正丁醇;随后浓缩透析液至70ml;进一步乙醇280ml,静置过夜;过滤,回收滤饼,60℃真空干燥24h,得多糖提取物。采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,测得该方法获得的提取物多糖含量为92%。
实施例三 瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物的制备(三)
取瓜蒌皮20g和无花果干400g,粉碎,加入4.2L倍量的乙醇水溶液(80%v/v-90%v/v) 浸泡12小时;弃去有机溶剂,往药渣中加入1.5L水,煮沸提取4小时,提取2次,过滤,合并滤液;用薄膜蒸发仪浓缩水提液至400ml,温度设为75℃,浓缩液备用;往浓缩液中加入1L90%的乙醇,4℃静置,使粗多糖析出,过滤,得粗多糖滤饼12.4g;加入600ml水溶解滤饼,采用Servage法对滤饼粗多糖进行脱蛋白(96ml氯仿/24ml正丁醇),混匀后,离心,转速为800g,离心20min;合并上清;随后采用普通的纤维素透析袋进行透析24h,除去氯仿和正丁醇;随后浓缩透析液至90ml;进一步乙醇270ml,静置过夜;过滤,回收滤饼,40℃真空干燥24h,得多糖提取物。采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,测得该方法获得的提取物多糖含量为 90%。
实施例四 瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物的制备(四)
取瓜蒌皮20g和无花果干300g,粉碎,加入2.6L倍量的丙酮浸泡24小时;弃去有机溶剂,往药渣中加入1L水,煮沸提取2小时,提取3次,过滤,合并滤液;用薄膜蒸发仪浓缩水提液至500ml,温度设为68℃,浓缩液备用;往浓缩液中加入1.5L 80%的乙醇,4℃静置,使粗多糖析出,过滤,得粗多糖滤饼9.5g;加入400ml水溶解滤饼,采用Servage法对滤饼粗多糖进行脱蛋白(64ml氯仿/16ml正丁醇),混匀后,离心,转速为1000g,离心40min;合并上清;随后采用普通的纤维素透析袋进行透析48h,除去氯仿和正丁醇;随后浓缩透析液至100ml;进一步乙醇200ml,静置过夜;过滤,回收滤饼,40℃真空干燥12h,得多糖提取物。采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,测得获得的提取物多糖含量为88%。
实施例五 瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物的制备(五)
取瓜蒌皮40g和无花果干400g,粉碎,加入3.8L倍量的乙酸乙酯浸泡24小时;弃去有机溶剂,往药渣中加入1.6L水,煮沸提取4小时,提取3次,过滤,合并滤液;用薄膜蒸发仪浓缩水提液至800ml,温度设为72℃,浓缩液备用;往浓缩液中加入2.4L乙醇,4℃静置,使粗多糖析出,过滤,得粗多糖滤饼11.3g;加入150ml水溶解滤饼,采用Servage法对滤饼粗多糖进行脱蛋白(24ml氯仿/6ml正丁醇),混匀后,离心,转速为1000g,离心60min;合并上清;随后采用普通的纤维素透析袋进行透析24h,除去氯仿和正丁醇;随后浓缩透析液至60ml;进一步乙醇220ml,静置过夜;过滤,回收滤饼,60℃真空干燥24h,得多糖提取物。采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,测得该方法获得的提取物多糖含量为90%。
实施例六 瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物对大鼠血清甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)的表达的影响
将购置的大鼠在适应性饲养1周后,随机分成正常组、模型组及瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物低、中、高剂量组,每组6只。除正常组外,其余各组大鼠按如下方法建立桥本甲状腺炎模型。用PBS缓冲液将猪甲状腺球蛋白(PTg)溶解成含量为2mg/mL的溶液,并与等体积的完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)混合充分乳化,以100g/只的剂量在大鼠足垫部皮下注射,作为初次免疫。1周后,再次配置上述乳化液,按100g/只的剂量在大鼠四肢内侧及背部皮下多点注射,连续注射六周。
造模结束后,开始进行灌胃给药,每日灌胃1次,连续给药60天,周末休息两天。其中低、中、高剂量瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物分别按给予100、200和400mg/kg进行给药,正常组及模型组给予等量蒸馏水。
给药结束后,进行心脏取血,1500r/min离心获取血清,根据甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb) 和甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)测定试剂盒说明书采用放射免疫法测定TGAb和TPOAb 在血清中的含量。使用IL-2及IL-4酶联免疫检测试剂盒,按照说明书进行操作,采用ELISA 法检测IL-2和IL-4在血清中的含量。
甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)是主要的特异性甲状腺自身抗体,是甲状腺上皮细胞分泌的糖蛋白。甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)是自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的一种重要抗体。HT患者血清中的TGAb和TPOAb均会现在升高。对该指标的检测可以判断建模的情况,同时还可以考察提取物对桥本甲状腺炎大鼠疾病的缓解情况。结果表明各组大鼠血清中的TGAb 和TPOAb水平比较与正常组比较,模型组大鼠TGAb、TPOAb显著增加(P<0.01);与模型组比较,瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物低、中、高剂量组大鼠TGAb、TPOAb有一定程度下降(P<0.01),各组别间无剂量依存关系,说明瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物对桥本甲状腺炎具有一定的缓解效果。结果见表1。
表1各组大鼠TGAb和TPOAb抗体水平比较(IU/ml)
注:与正常组比较,*P<0.01;与模型组比较,**P<0.01
Th1主要分泌Th1型细胞因子,包括IFN-γ、TNF、IL-2等,它们能促进Th1的进一步增殖,进而发挥细胞免疫的效应,同时还能抑制Th2增殖。Th2主要分泌Th2型细胞因子,包括IL-4、IL-5、IL-10及IL-13等,它们能促进Th2细胞的增殖,进而辅助B细胞活化,发挥体液免疫的作用,同时抑制Th1增殖。通过对IL-2和IL-4检测,能考察提取物对免疫Th1/Th2 细胞的失衡的缓解状况。各组大鼠血清IL-2、IL-4水平比较与正常组比较,模型组大鼠IL-2 显著升高、IL-4显著下降(P<0.01);与模型组比较,瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物低、中、高剂量组大鼠IL-2明显下降,IL-4显著上升,说明瓜蒌皮和无花果干的多糖提取物对桥本甲状腺炎具有一定的缓解效果。结果见表2。
表2各组大鼠血清中IL-2和IL-4水平比较(ng/l)
组别 | 动物数 | IL-2 | IL-4 |
正常组 | 6 | 46.15±13.84 | 59.76±14.33 |
模型组 | 6 | 74.53±9.78* | 22.16±13.45* |
低剂量组 | 6 | 70.48±16.84 | 23.55±16.74 |
中剂量组 | 6 | 60.93±14.23** | 48.21±16.14 |
高剂量组 | 6 | 62.76±17.51** | 49.02±15.59** |
注:与正常组比较,*P<0.01;与模型组比较,**P<0.01。
Claims (10)
1.治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于:包括如下重量配比的原料药:瓜蒌皮1份,无花果干1-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于:包括如下重量配比的原料药:瓜蒌皮1份,无花果干5-10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于:包括如下重量配比的原料药:瓜蒌皮1份,无花果干6份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于:以瓜蒌皮、无花果干为原料药,按照常规方法制成口服制剂;或加入药学上或保健品上可接受的辅料制成常用口服制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物,其特征在于:所述口服制剂为散剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、口服液。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:
方法一:将各原料药粉碎成细粉,混合即成散剂;
方法二:将各原料药粉碎成细粉,装胶囊即成胶囊剂;
方法三:将各原料药粉碎成细粉,压片即成片剂;
方法四:将各原料药用水煎煮提取后,浓缩提取液制成颗粒,即成颗粒剂;
方法五:将各原料药用水煎煮提取后,浓缩提取液制成颗粒,装胶囊即成胶囊剂;
方法六:将各原料药用水煎煮提取后,浓缩提取液制成颗粒,压片即成片剂;
方法七:将各原料药用水煎煮提取后,制成口服液。
7.权利要求1-5任一项所述治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:按照重量配比称取瓜蒌皮,无花果干制成多糖提取物后,再加入药学上或保健品上可接受的辅料制成常用口服制剂;
其中,制备多糖提取物的方法如下:
(1)取瓜蒌皮和无花果干,粉碎,加5-10倍量的有机溶剂浸泡12-24小时,过滤得药渣;
(2)药渣按照料液比1:2-5加水,煮沸后持续时间为2-4小时;连续用水提取2-3次,过滤,合并滤液;在60-80℃下,用浓缩滤液至首次加水体积的1/2-1/4,浓缩液备用;
(3)步骤(2)所得的浓缩液中加入浓度为80-100%v/v乙醇,静置,使粗多糖析出,静置温度为4℃或25℃过滤得到粗多糖滤饼;
(4)向步骤(3)所得粗多糖滤饼中加水,采用Servage法对步骤(3)所得滤饼粗多糖进行脱蛋白,即得多糖提取物。
8.根据权利要求7所述治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述有机溶剂为乙醇、甲醇、乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷。
9.根据权利要求7所述治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)Servage法脱蛋白为:按氯仿:正丁醇4:1的比例加入滤饼;混匀后,将样品以速度为500-1000g的速度进行离心,离心时间为20-60min;随后合并上清液;随后采用普通的纤维素透析袋进行透析24-48h,除去氯仿和正丁醇;随后浓缩透析液至50-100ml;进一步按1:2-4倍加入乙醇,静置过夜;回收滤饼,在真空干燥温度为40-60℃的条件下减压干燥滤饼12-24h,即得多糖提取物。
10.权利要求1-5任一项所述药物组合物在制备治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎的药物中的用途;
优选的,所述治疗桥本氏甲状腺炎表现在降低HT的高滴度自身抗体TGAb和TPOAb,降低IL-2,升高IL-4,抑制Th1细胞功能的过度亢进,促使Th1向Th2漂移。
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