CN107142099B - 一种可循环利用的co2响应型清洁压裂液 - Google Patents

一种可循环利用的co2响应型清洁压裂液 Download PDF

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CN107142099B
CN107142099B CN201710359670.6A CN201710359670A CN107142099B CN 107142099 B CN107142099 B CN 107142099B CN 201710359670 A CN201710359670 A CN 201710359670A CN 107142099 B CN107142099 B CN 107142099B
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赵明伟
戴彩丽
吴雪鹏
吴一宁
孙永鹏
赵光
徐中良
王涛
高明伟
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China University of Petroleum East China
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种油气田可循环利用CO2响应型清洁压裂液体系,所述体系包括了1wt%‑6wt%的叔胺类表面活性剂和0.1wt%‑0.6wt%的助剂,其余量为水。本发明提供了应该体系的配制方法,及不同浓度体系适用的不同温度地层;还对其CO2响应性能及循环利用性能的评价。其特征在于:该清洁压裂液体系成胶比较容易,破胶方法简单且彻底,易返排且易实现多次循环利用;所用引发剂均为无毒无害气体,方便、廉价、易得;既解决了传统压裂液的破胶不彻底和对储层伤害大等危害,同时也解决了清洁压裂液成本高,返排液污染严重等问题。

Description

一种可循环利用的CO2响应型清洁压裂液
技术领域
本发明属于油气储层压裂增产用压裂液技术领域,具体涉及一种可循环利用的CO2响应型清洁压裂液。
背景技术
随着油气工业的发展,非常规气藏(致密砂岩气、煤层气、页岩气)已成为全球低碳经济发展的新趋势,其勘探与开发已逐渐走向了规模化。我国已探明石油储量中,低渗油田占有四分之一以上的份额,随着大部分油田进入高含水其,开发难度起来越大,开发好此类油气田对维持我国石油能源稳定具有重要意义。
压裂技术已经作为常规油气田增产增注技术广泛应用。压裂液是压裂施工的关键环节之一,素有压裂“血液”之称,目前使用最广泛的是滑溜水压裂液和胍胶压裂液。滑溜水压裂液粘度低,携砂能力有限;胍胶压裂液对地层伤害大。清洁压裂液因其分子结构简单、溶解性好、对地层伤害小、破胶性能佳等一系列优点,在实际开采油气时性能表现优秀,因此受到了国内外研究者的广泛关注并开始逐步应用。但由于非常规油气藏的井深、水平段长,对压裂液和水资源需求量大,且压裂施工后产生的返排液不仅处理成本高,外排严重污染环境。且滑溜水压裂液和胍胶压裂液其破胶后分子结构均发生改变或被破坏,要实现其返排液重复利用则需经过大量繁琐的化学和物理处理或重新加入大量主剂。因此,如何能高效利用这些大量的返排液是目前非常规油气藏高效压裂开发普遍面临的一个难题。无论是从成本还是从环保考虑,返排液重复利用都是油气田工业发展的未来趋势。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明的目的是提出一种油气田可循环利用CO2响应型清洁压裂液及其应用,能解决油气储层压裂改造中传统压裂液存在的破胶不彻底,对储层伤害大,返排液污染严重等问题,同时可以通过通入CO2气体实现返排液修复再利用。
本发明所提供的油田用清洁压裂液,是通过通入CO2气体进行成胶,并通过惰性气 体进行破胶;
所述的惰性气体,优选为氮气,空气或氩气;
上述的清洁压裂液,其一种具体的质量百分比组成如下:
1-6%的叔胺类表面活性剂、
0.1-0.6%的助剂,
余量为水;
其中,叔胺类表面活性剂和助剂的质量比优选为10:1。
其中,1%-2%的叔胺表面活性剂浓度适合于温度小于50℃的地层;
2%-4%的叔胺表面活性剂浓度适合于温度在50-80℃的地层;
4%-6%的叔胺表面活性剂浓度适合于温度在80-95℃的地层。
所述叔胺类表面活性剂为软脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺、硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺、油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺、芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺、山嵛酸酰胺丙基二甲胺中的任一种或几种。
所述助剂为水杨酸钠、顺丁烯二酸、邻苯二甲酸、十二烷基磺酸钠对甲苯磺酸钠和苯甲酸钠其中任一种或几种。
本发明的清洁压裂液的使用方法如下:
1)将叔胺类表面活性剂和助剂加入到水中进行搅拌得到水溶液
2)向水溶液中通入CO2气体1-2分钟,密封静置得清洁压裂液。
本发明的清洁压裂液的循环使用方法,是向已通入了CO2气体的清洁压裂液体系 中再次通入惰性气体来恢复体系的粘弹性。
本发明的技术特点及有益效果:
1)采用本发明的油气田油气井循环利用CO2响应型清洁压裂液时,成胶比较容易,破胶方法简单且彻底,易返排且易实现多次循环利用;
2)所用引发剂均为无毒无害气体,方便、廉价、易得;
3)既解决了传统压裂液的破胶不彻底和对储层伤害大等危害,同时也解决了清洁压裂液成本高,返排液污染严重等问题;
4)节约成本,实现资源开采和环境保护两不误。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所用CO2响应型硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系剪切粘度随剪切速率的变化结果图;
图2为实施例1所用CO2响应型硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液重复通入 CO2和氮气后体系粘度的变化结果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来详细地描述本发明,但是这些实施例不以任何方式限定本发明的范围。除非另有说明,下文实施例中的百分数均为质量百分数,基于所述CO2响应型压裂液体系的总重。
实施例1:适用于中温储层的3%硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺/对甲苯磺酸钠体系
CO2响应型硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系的制备:
首先称取白色固体硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺3克,对甲苯磺酸钠0.3克,搅拌情况下加入到装有96.7克水的烧杯中,在40℃下搅拌10分钟,静置得质量分数为3%的硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺表面活性剂水溶液,体系粘度约为18mPa·s。随后再向上述体系中通入CO2气体1-2分钟,密封静置得3%的CO2响应型硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系。
CO2响应型硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系的流变性能实验
1.室温条件下:所配制的CO2响应型叔胺类清洁压裂液溶液100ml,采用哈克流变仪中开放的同轴圆桶模块测试了体系室温条件下的剪切粘度随剪切速率 0.1-600s-1的变化规律及体系粘弹性模量随振荡频率(0.01-10Hz)的变化规律。通过剪切粘度外推出体系零剪切粘度为300Pa·s以上。模量实验发现在测试频率范围内,体系弹性模量一直大于粘性模量,说明体系具有很好的粘弹性,可利用弹性携砂。
2.高温高压条件下:采用哈克流变仪中高温高压模块,在70℃、170s-1剪切且有3兆帕CO2压力条件下测试体系的剪切粘度随着时间的变化规律。结果显示体系在剪切2个小时后,粘度仍然在50mPa·s以上。
CO2响应型硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系的CO2响应性及循环利用实验
所配制的CO2响应型叔胺类清洁压裂液溶液50ml,在实验室条件下通入空气或者氮气15分钟后破胶,体系变为白色混浊液且粘度较低。使用哈克流变仪测试破胶后体系粘度为15mPa·s。随后再次通入CO2气体,两钟内体系变为无色澄清的高粘性流体,使用哈克流变仪测试体系零剪切粘度仍能达到200Pa·s以上。如此重复3次,仍能得到与第一次的粘度相近的粘度值。
由此可见体系具有良好的CO2响应性能且有适用于中温储层优越的循环利用潜力。
实施例2:适用于中高温储层的5%芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺/顺丁烯二酸体系
CO2响应型芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系的制备:
首先称取白色块状固体芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺5克,顺丁烯二酸0.5克,搅拌情况下加入到94.5克水中,在40℃下搅拌10分钟,静置得质量分数为5%的芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺水溶液,体系粘度约为19mPa·s。随后再向上述体系中通入CO2气体1-2分钟,密封静置得5%的CO2响应型芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系。
CO2响应型芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系的流变性能实验
1.室温条件下:所配制的CO2响应型芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液溶液 100ml,采用哈克流变仪中开放的同轴圆桶模块测试了体系室温条件下的剪切粘度随剪切速率0.1-600s-1的变化规律及体系粘弹性模量随振荡频率(0.01-10Hz) 的变化规律。通过剪切粘度外推出体系零剪切粘度为1800Pa·s以上。模量实验发现在测试频率范围内,体系弹性模量一直大于粘性模量,说明体系具有很好的粘弹性,可利用弹性携砂。
2.高温高压条件下:采用哈克流变仪中高温高压模块,在85℃、170s-1剪切且有3兆帕CO2压力条件下测试体系的剪切粘度随着时间的变化规律。结果显示体系在剪切2个小时后,粘度仍然在45mPa·s以上。
CO2响应性及循环利用实验:
所配制的CO2响应型叔胺类清洁压裂液溶液50ml,在实验室条件下通入空气或者氮气15分钟后破胶,体系变为白色混浊液且粘度较低。使用哈克流变仪测试破胶后体系粘度为14mPa·s。随后再次通入CO2气体,两钟后体系变澄清且粘度很高,使用哈克流变仪测试体系零剪切粘度仍能达到1800Pa·s以上。如此重复3次,仍能得到与第一次的粘度相近的值。
由此可见体系具有良好的CO2响应性能且有适用于中高温储层的优越的循环利用潜力。
实施例3:适用于低温储层的2%油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺/水杨酸钠体系
CO2响应型油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系的制备:
首先称取黄色油状油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺2克,水杨酸钠0.2克,搅拌情况下加入到装有97.8克水的大烧杯中,在40℃下搅拌10分钟,静置得质量分数为2%的油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺水溶液,体系呈淡黄色且粘度约为9mPa·s。随后再向上述体系中通入CO2气体1-2分钟,密封静置得2%的CO2响应型油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系。
CO2响应型油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系的流变性能实验
1.室温条件下:取所配制的CO2响应型油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液溶液50ml,采用哈克流变仪中开放的同轴圆桶模块测试了体系室温条件下的剪切粘度随剪切速率0.1-600s-1的变化规律及体系粘弹性模量随振荡频率 (0.01-10Hz)的变化规律。通过剪切粘度外推出体系零剪切粘度为1800Pa·s以上。模量实验发现在测试频率范围内,体系弹性模量一直大于粘性模量,说明体系具有很好的粘弹性,可利用弹性携砂。
2.高温高压条件下:采用哈克流变仪中高温高压模块,在85℃、170s-1剪切且有3兆帕CO2压力条件下测试体系的剪切粘度随着时间的变化规律。结果显示体系在剪切2个小时后,粘度仍然在45mPa·s以上。
CO2响应型油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺清洁压裂液体系的CO2响应性及循环利用实验:
所配制的CO2响应型叔胺类清洁压裂液溶液50ml,在实验室条件下通入空气或者氮气15分钟后破胶,体系变为黄色混浊液且粘度较低。使用哈克流变仪测试破胶后体系粘度为11mPa·s。随后再次通入CO2气体,两钟后体系变淡黄色澄清的高粘流体,使用哈克流变仪测试体系零剪切粘度仍能达到50Pa·s以上。如此重复3次,仍能得到与第一次的粘度相近的值。
上述结果表明本发明提供的体系具有良好的CO2响应性能且有适用于低温储层的优越的循环利用潜力。

Claims (1)

1.一种油田用清洁压裂液的使用方法,其特征在于,所述的方法的步骤如下:
1)将叔胺类表面活性剂和助剂加入到水中进行搅拌得到水溶液;
2)向水溶液中通入CO2气体1-2分钟,密封静置得清洁压裂液;
3)将清洁压裂液输入含油地层进行压裂处理;
温度小于50℃的地层使用的清洁压裂液,其中叔胺表面活性剂浓度为1%-2%;
温度为50-80℃的地层使用的清洁压裂液,其中叔胺表面活性剂浓度为2%-4%;
温度为80-95℃的地层使用的清洁压裂液,其中叔胺表面活性剂浓度为4%-6%;
其中,所述的清洁压裂液是通过通入CO2气体进行成胶,并通过惰性气体进行破胶;
所述的惰性气体为氮气、空气或氩气;
所述的清洁压裂液的质量百分比组成如下:1-6%的叔胺类表面活性剂、0.1-0.6%的助剂,余量为水;且所述叔胺类表面活性剂和所述助剂的质量比为10:1;
其中,所述叔胺类表面活性剂选自软脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺、硬脂酸酰胺丙基二甲胺、油酸酰胺丙基二甲胺、芥酸酰胺丙基二甲胺和山嵛酸酰胺丙基二甲胺中的任一种或多种;
其中,所述助剂选自水杨酸钠、顺丁烯二酸、邻苯二甲酸、十二烷基磺酸钠对甲苯磺酸钠和苯甲酸钠中的一种或多种。
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