CN107134923A - 开关调节器 - Google Patents

开关调节器 Download PDF

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CN107134923A
CN107134923A CN201710102114.0A CN201710102114A CN107134923A CN 107134923 A CN107134923 A CN 107134923A CN 201710102114 A CN201710102114 A CN 201710102114A CN 107134923 A CN107134923 A CN 107134923A
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comparator
switching regulaor
voltage
switch
lead
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CN107134923B (zh
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河野明大
后藤克也
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Seiko Instruments Inc
Ablic Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

开关调节器，对比较器抑制在切换通常电流动作与低消耗电流动作时的噪声耦合，从而开关调节器稳定地进行动作。该开关调节器构成为在比较器的输入端子处设置开关，在对通常电流动作和低消耗电流动作进行切换时，从比较器的输入端子断开电阻值较大的反馈电阻。

Description

开关调节器
技术领域
本发明涉及开关调节器，特别涉及在轻负载时削减消耗电流的技术。
背景技术
电子设备要求低耗电。特别是，智能手机、便携设备、可佩戴设备等由于进行电池驱动，因此更加强烈地要求低耗电。开关调节器被用作各种电子设备的电压供给源。对于开关调节器，要求即使从输出端子供给到负载的电流从低电流到大电流大幅度发生变化，也将效率维持得较高。
图3是示出以往的同步整流型的开关调节器300的电路图。开关调节器300由反馈电阻7、比较器10、基准电压电路12、R-S触发器13、接通时间控制电路14、输出控制电路15、驱动电路16和17、比较器18、功率FET 2和4、电感器3以及电容器5构成(例如，参照专利文献1)。
对输出电压VOUT进行分压的反馈电阻7输出反馈电压VFB。基准电压电路12输出基准电压VREF。比较器10将反馈电压VFB与基准电压VREF进行比较，输出置位信号。在置位端子S接收到置位信号时，R-S触发器13将高电平的信号输出到输出端子Q。在接收到输出端子Q的高电平的信号时，接通时间控制电路14在规定时间后将复位信号输出到复位端子R。在复位端子R接收到复位信号时，R-S触发器13将低电平的信号输出到输出端子Q。输出控制电路15根据R-S触发器13的输出端子Q的输出信号，产生功率FET 2和4的驱动信号。
上述开关调节器300如以下那样动作来实现低耗电。
在重负载模式下，功率FET 2和4是在开关调节器300中主要耗电的部分。所以，开关调节器300通过减小功率FET 2和4的导通电阻值，能够实现低耗电和高效率。
在轻负载模式下，由于功率FET 2和4中的电力消耗较小，所以由比较器10等电路带来的电力消耗成为主要的电力损耗。因此，减小比较器10等的电力损耗成为实现低耗电和高效率的有效手段。
例如，比较器18将电感器3的一端的电压与GND端子的电压进行比较，在电压关系反转时，将检测信号输出到比较器10。比较器10在接收到比较器18的检测信号后，转移到使工作电流减小的低消耗电流动作。
专利文献1：美国专利第8970199号说明书
例如，比较器10一般在通常动作时消耗几μA级到几十μA级的电流，在负载电流为1μA以下或几μA的轻负载模式的情况下，需要将消耗电流抑制为1μA以下，以将效率维持得较高。此外，反馈电阻7需要设电阻值为几MΩ～几百MΩ来削减消耗电流。
这里，在反馈电阻7的电阻值是几MΩ～几百MΩ的情况下，在将比较器10的工作电流切换到小电流以进行低消耗电流动作时，连接有反馈电阻7的比较器10的输入端子的反馈电压VFB容易由于噪声耦合而发生变动。并且，由于反馈电阻7的电阻值较大，所以发生了变动的反馈电压VFB返回到正常电压需要较长的时间。所以，作为开关调节器，存在动作裕量下降或者产生误动作的课题。
发明内容
为了解决以往的课题，本发明的开关调节器设为如下结构。
一种开关调节器，其具有：反馈电阻，其输出反馈电压；基准电压电路，其产生基准电压；以及比较器，其第一输入端子与所述反馈电阻的输出端子连接，第二输入端子与所述基准电压电路的输出端子连接，对所述反馈电压和所述基准电压进行比较，所述开关调节器根据所述比较器输出的信号，控制连接在电压输入端子与输出端子之间的功率FET，输出期望的电压，该开关调节器的特征在于，具有：轻负载模式检测电路，其检测轻负载模式；第一开关，其设置在所述反馈电阻的输出端子与所述第一输入端子之间；以及第二开关，其设置在所述第一输入端子与所述第二输入端子之间，在所述比较器根据所述轻负载模式检测电路的检测信号而切换工作电流时，所述第一开关断开，所述第二开关接通。
根据本发明的开关调节器，在比较器的输入端子处设置开关，在切换通常电流动作与低消耗电流动作时，从比较器的输入端子断开电阻值较大的反馈电阻，所以能够抑制噪声耦合，并抑制开关调节器的误动作。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明实施方式的开关调节器的电路图。
图2是示出本实施方式的开关调节器的另一例的电路图。
图3是示出以往的同步整流型的开关调节器的电路图。
标号说明
10、18、24：比较器；12、23：基准电压电路；13：R-S触发器；14：接通时间控制电路；15：输出控制电路；21：三角波产生电路；22：误差放大器。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明实施方式的开关调节器100的电路图。
本实施方式的开关调节器100具有反馈电阻7、开关8和9、比较器10、电容器11、基准电压电路12、R-S触发器13、接通时间控制电路14、输出控制电路15、驱动电路16和17、作为高侧开关元件的功率FET 2、作为低侧开关元件的功率FET 4、电感器3以及电容器5。
反馈电阻7对输出端子OUT的输出电压VOUT进行分压，输出反馈电压VFB。基准电压电路12输出基准电压VREF。比较器10将反馈电压VFB与基准电压VREF进行比较，并输出检测信号。在置位端子S接收到置位信号时，R-S触发器13将高电平的信号输出到输出端子Q。在接收到输出端子Q的高电平的信号时，接通时间控制电路14在规定时间后将复位信号输出到复位端子R。在复位端子R接收到复位信号时，R-S触发器13将低电平的信号输出到输出端子Q。输出控制电路15根据R-S触发器13的输出端子Q的输出信号，产生功率FET 2和4的驱动信号。比较器18将电感器3的一端的电压与GND端子的电压进行比较，在电压关系反转时，将检测信号输出到比较器10。比较器10在接收到比较器18的检测信号后，转移到使工作电流减小的低消耗电流动作。
接着，说明开关8和9。
开关8连接在反馈电阻7的输出端子与比较器10的反相输入端子之间。开关9连接在比较器10的反相输入端子与同相输入端子之间。
当开关调节器100在重负载模式下进行动作时，开关8接通，开关9断开。在该开关8和9的状态下，开关调节器100成为与通常的开关调节器相同的电路结构。而且，比较器10以通常的工作电流进行动作。
这里，在开关调节器100从重负载模式变为轻负载模式时，比较器10接收到比较器18的检测信号，并转移到减小工作电流的低消耗电流动作。例如，对第一恒流源和第二恒流源进行切换，该第一恒流源使得在比较器10中流过通常的工作电流，该第二恒流源相比第一恒流源使得在比较器10中流过的电流较小。
在比较器18输出检测信号时，首先，开关8断开，开关9接通。所以，比较器10的反相输入端子与反馈电阻7之间的连接断开，反相输入端子与同相输入端子之间被连接。接着，比较器10转移到减小工作电流的低消耗电流动作。然后，开关8接通，开关9断开，开关调节器返回到通常的电路结构。
这时，可以从比较器10的目标节点达到期望的动作点、或者接近该电压起，对开关8和9进行切换。或者，可以使用定时器电路等，在期望的时刻依次进行上述动作。
此外，在开关调节器100从轻负载模式变为重负载模式时，也同样在切换开关8和9的连接之后切换比较器10的工作电流。
如以上所说明那样，在切换通常电流动作与低消耗电流动作时，比较器10的反相输入端子与反馈电阻7之间的连接断开，所以反相输入端子不会受到噪声耦合的影响。所以，能够抑制开关调节器的误动作。
此外，比较器10通过开关9连接反相输入端子与同相输入端子，而成为基准电压VREF。一般而言，基准电压电路12由于输出阻抗较低，所以针对噪声耦合具有较强的耐性。假如即使在基准电压电路12的输出阻抗较高的情况下，也能够通过追加电容器11，将阻抗保持得较低，从而针对噪声耦合能够具有较强的耐性。
另外，虽然在本实施方式的说明中，使用同步整流型的开关调节器100进行了说明，但只要适合于检测轻负载模式并切换工作电流的比较器即可，所以不限定于开关调节器的结构。例如，也可以是具有图2所示的开关调节器200，该开关调节器200具有三角波产生电路21、误差放大器22、基准电压电路23、比较器24和肖特基二极管25。

Claims (3)

1.一种开关调节器，其具有：
反馈电阻，其输出反馈电压；
基准电压电路，其产生基准电压；以及
比较器，其第一输入端子与所述反馈电阻的输出端子连接，第二输入端子与所述基准电压电路的输出端子连接，对所述反馈电压和所述基准电压进行比较，
所述开关调节器根据所述比较器输出的信号，控制连接在电压输入端子与输出端子之间的功率FET，输出期望的电压，
该开关调节器的特征在于，具有：
轻负载模式检测电路，其检测轻负载模式；
第一开关，其设置在所述反馈电阻的输出端子与所述第一输入端子之间；以及第二开关，其设置在所述第一输入端子与所述第二输入端子之间，
在所述比较器根据所述轻负载模式检测电路的检测信号而切换工作电流时，所述第一开关断开，所述第二开关接通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的开关调节器，其特征在于，
所述轻负载模式检测电路根据与所述开关调节器的输出端子连接的线圈的电压，检测所述轻负载模式。
3.根据权利要求1所述的开关调节器，其特征在于，
所述轻负载模式检测电路根据所述比较器的输出端子的信号，检测所述轻负载模式。
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