CN107124814A - A kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices - Google Patents

A kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107124814A
CN107124814A CN201710466833.0A CN201710466833A CN107124814A CN 107124814 A CN107124814 A CN 107124814A CN 201710466833 A CN201710466833 A CN 201710466833A CN 107124814 A CN107124814 A CN 107124814A
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cathode
negative electrode
dynode
anode
powder
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CN201710466833.0A
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余德平
吕程
曹修全
江汇
刘方圆
姚进
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/28Cooling arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065Spherical particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/142Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices, the device is made up of anode part, dynode part, cathode portion, powder feeding part and its annex;Described anode part is made up of anode casing, anode, holddown plate etc., and each several part is connected by bolt presses;Described dynode part is made up of arc ring, dead ring, dynode, dynode inner sleeve, dynode overcoat etc., is compressed jointly with anode part by cathode portion;Described cathode portion is made up of cathode shell, cathode sheath, negative electrode, negative electrode dead ring, negative electrode hold-down ring, and each several part is sequentially connected, and negative electrode hold-down ring is contacted with cathode sheath and is connected with cathode shell;Described powder feeding part is made up of powder feeding pipe and powder-feeding nozzle, and is connected successively.The powder that the present invention is carried out after nodularization, and processing using excellent specific properties such as Laminar Plasma Jet controllability is good, heat enthalpy value is high, jet length length to powder has the advantages that Oxygen potential height, uniformity are good.

Description

A kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices, belong to hot plasma generating means Field.
Background technology
In recent years, the spheric granules of thermal spraying and increasing material manufacturing to the refractory metal powder such as spheroidizing of powder, especially tungsten, titanium (Sphericity>98%th, it is few without hollow powder, satellite powder, bonded powder etc.), particle diameter distribution it is narrow(d50≤45μm), low oxygen content(< 100ppm), high apparent density, the fundamental characteristics such as low impurity content propose higher and higher requirement.Traditional spheroidizing of powder dress Put, such as turbulent plasma spheroidizing of powder device, laser powder spheroidization device, electrical arc powder spheroidization device, or because it is used It is with high costs, or it is difficult to the originals such as processing high-melting-point powder because its spheroidizing of powder rate and uniformity are poor, or because its temperature is limited Cause, is increasingly difficult to meet its requirement to globular metallic powder.
In patent Muehlberger Erich, Meuhlberger Stephan E, Sickinger Albert, et al. Modular segmented cathode plasma generator:In US5298835A [P] .1994-03-29. descriptions, Muehlberger Erich et al. propose a kind of multi-electrode plasma system, in the case where negative electrode number is constant, pass through Increase electric current to obtain relatively high power.But, the life-span of electrode declines, it is difficult to long-time steady operation.The present apparatus can be by adjusting The number of section dynode reaches the requirement of power, i.e., realized with the mode of big voltage, low current it is high-power, so as to reduce electrode burning Lose speed and the pollution to processed material.
Patent Drouet Michel.Methods and apparatuses for preparing spheroidal powders:It can be seen that in WO2011054113A1 [P] .2011-05-12. descriptions, gas ions atomization method is using three independences Turbulence type direct-current plasma generator, heated, melted and be atomized system to the silk material of feeding with certain angle convergence Standby spherical powder.Due to the limitation of plasma generator own vol, convergent point is away from plasma generator outlet, therefore The high-temperature region of plasma generator can not be made full use of to carry out powder fusing, it is necessary to which additional additional power supply is carried out in advance to silk material Heat, constrains the ability of its powder-processed.Jet heat enthalpy value height, length length, the volume to air of present apparatus generation inhale small, axial direction Thermograde is small, controllability is good, long lifespan, can the excellent specific property such as center powder feeding.Based on these above-mentioned excellent specific properties, many cathode layers Stream plasma powder spheroidization device compensate for the defect of above-mentioned spheroidizing of powder device in terms of spheroidizing of powder, with wider Application prospect.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problem of current spheroidizing of powder device is present, the invention discloses a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasmas Spheroidizing of powder device, can produce stable Laminar Plasma Jet, and all kinds of powder are carried out with spheroidising, and spheroidizing of powder rate High, uniformity is good.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as described below.
A kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices, mainly by anode part, dynode part, negative pole part Divide, powder feeding part is constituted:
Described anode part is made up of anode casing, anode, holddown plate etc., and anode casing, anode, holddown plate pass through spiral shell Bolt compresses connection;
Described dynode part is made up of arc ring, dead ring, dynode, dynode inner sleeve, dynode overcoat etc.;Striking Ring, dead ring, dynode, dynode inner sleeve, dynode overcoat are connected successively;Dynode part passes through dynode with cathode portion Overcoat is connected;Dynode part is connected with anode by dead ring;Cathode portion, dynode part and anode casing are solid successively Even;
Described cathode portion is made up of cathode shell, cathode sheath, negative electrode, negative electrode dead ring, negative electrode hold-down ring etc.;Outside negative electrode Shell, cathode sheath, negative electrode, negative electrode dead ring are sequentially connected;Negative electrode hold-down ring is contacted with cathode sheath, and is connected with cathode shell;Its In, described negative electrode is made up of central water-cooling pipe, cathode block, cathode taps, compressing member, central water-cooling pipe, cathode block, cathode taps, Compressing member is connected successively;
Described powder feeding part is made up of powder feeding pipe and powder-feeding nozzle;Powder feeding pipe and powder-feeding nozzle are connected successively;Powder feeding part leads to Powder feeding pipe is crossed to be connected with anode casing.
In said apparatus, described anode side end face it is uniform aperture identical arc channel and converge at one, and from Processing is in horn-like nozzle arrangements at convergence, and center is provided with the circular hole coordinated with powder feeding portion gap, sideways to be spiral Bosh.
In said apparatus, the uniform big hole in described anode casing side end face is communicated with center hole;Staggered sideways are equal Cloth intake tunnel and backwater channel, reduces the problem of separately connecing waterway pipe.
In said apparatus, described cathode block one end is machined with water-cooled electric cable joint, is connected with plasma electrical source negative pole; Described cathode taps are inlayed to be connected by tungsten electrode head with tungsten electrode seat to be constituted, and the nearly anode one end of tungsten electrode head rest is that semicircle is spherical;It is described Cathode shell side be provided with air inlet pipe, be welded to each other and be integrated.
The invention has the advantages that:
1)Logical excessive voltage, the mode of low current realize it is high-power, so as to reduce electrode erosion and the pollution to processed material. 2)Multiple one anode of negative electrode and dynode partial common, finally produce a branch of Laminar Plasma Jet, it is to avoid multi beam layer Interfered caused by stream plasma jet convergence, and then produce jet fluctuation.3)Under the conditions of rated power, using many Negative electrode and many dynode part-structures, effectively reduce the operating current of single cathode portion, so as to reduce at Cathode arc root The thermic load that current density and target are subject to, extends electrode life.4)Using intermediate electrode structure, not only avoid big The generation of yardstick distributary phenomenon, improves the stability of plasma jet, and extends arc length, improves electric arc arc Pressure, so as to reduce electric arc arc root current density under equal-wattage, extends the service life of electrode.5)Center powder-feeding nozzle The powder of ejection is directly entered in the middle of jet, and the fluctuation to jet is small, so that Oxygen potential is high, uniformity is good.6)What is produced penetrates Properties of flow is stable, excellent performance.The jet length length of present apparatus generation, axial-temperature gradient are small, controllability is preferable, heat enthalpy value Height, more suitable for carrying out spheroidizing of powder processing to refractory material.7)Anode convenient disassembly, service life is long.Changing anode only needs Compression end cap is twisted off to take out;In view of the cooling of anode, sideways using sped structure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is three negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization device overall structure figures.
Fig. 2 is three negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization device revolved sectional views.
Fig. 3 is cathode portion and dynode phantom.
Fig. 4 is anode construction figure.
Wherein:1 anode part, 1-1 anode casings, 1-2 anodes, 1-3 holddown plates, 2 dynode parts, 2-1 draws Arc ring, 2-2 dead rings, 2-3 dynodes, 2-4 dynode inner sleeves, 2-5 dynode overcoats, 3 cathode portions, 3-1 negative electrodes Shell, 3-2 cathode sheaths, 3-3 negative electrodes, 3-3a central water-cooling pipes, 3-3b cathode blocks, 3-3c cathode taps, 3-3d is compressed Part, 3-4 negative electrode dead rings, 3-5 negative electrode hold-down rings, 4 powder feeding parts, 4-1 powder feeding pipes, 4-2 powder-feeding nozzles.
Embodiment
In order to preferably illustrate the present invention, now by taking three negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices as an example, with reference to The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail accompanying drawing.
Three negative electrodes laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization device such as accompanying drawing 1 disclosed by the invention, described in 2, by anode part (1), dynode part(2), cathode portion(3)With powder feeding part(4)Composition:
As described in accompanying drawing 2, anode part(1)By anode casing(1-1), anode(1-2), holddown plate(1-3)Deng composition, anode Housing(1-1), anode(1-2), holddown plate(1-3)Connected by bolt presses;Anode(1-2)Structure is shown in accompanying drawing 4;
As described in accompanying drawing 3, dynode part(2)By arc ring(2-1), dead ring(2-2), dynode(2-3), dynode inner sleeve (2-4), dynode overcoat(2-5)Deng composition;Arc ring(2-1), dead ring(2-2), dynode(2-3), dynode inner sleeve(2- 4), dynode overcoat(2-5), cathode portion(3)It is connected successively;Dynode part passes through dynode overcoat with cathode portion(2- 5)It is connected;Dynode(2-3)With anode(1-2)Pass through dead ring(2-2)Connection;Cathode portion(3), dynode part(2)With Anode casing(1-1)It is connected successively;
As described in accompanying drawing 3, cathode portion(3)By cathode shell(3-1), cathode sheath(3-2), negative electrode(3-3), negative electrode dead ring (3-4), negative electrode hold-down ring(3-5)Deng composition;Cathode shell(3-1), cathode sheath(3-2), negative electrode(3-3), negative electrode dead ring(3- 4)It is sequentially connected;Negative electrode hold-down ring(3-5)With cathode sheath(3-2)Contact, and and cathode shell(3-1)It is connected;Wherein, it is described Negative electrode(3-3)By central water-cooling pipe(3-3a), cathode block(3-3b), cathode taps(3-3c), compressing member(3-3d)Composition, middle edema with the heart involved Cold pipe(3-3a), cathode block(3-3b), cathode taps(3-3c), compressing member(3-3d)It is connected successively;
As described in accompanying drawing 2, powder feeding part(4)By powder feeding pipe(4-1)And powder-feeding nozzle(4-2)Composition;Powder feeding pipe(4-1)And powder feeding Nozzle(4-2)It is connected successively;Powder feeding part(4)Pass through powder feeding pipe(4-1)With anode casing(1-1)It is connected.
The connection in the device water route:Cooling water is through cathode block all the way(3-3b), flow into central water-cooling pipe(3-3a)Cooling is cloudy Cartridge(3-3c)Afterwards, cathode block is flowed out(3-3b)Through cathode sheath(3-2), flow into cathode shell(3-1)In, then through dynode inner sleeve (2-4), it is flowed into anode casing(1-1)Inside, as shown in Figure 3.Another road cooling water is from anode casing(1-1)Intake tunnel Flow into, through anode(1-2)Flow into anode casing(1-1)It is interior, anode casing is flowed out in the lump with water before all the way(1-1)Water outlet Passage, final reflux tank, as shown in Figure 2.
The connection of the device gas circuit:Working gas is from cathode shell(3-1)Air inlet pipe enter, through cathode sheath(3-2)On Inlet channel enter compressing member(3-3d)On inlet channel, subsequently into generator workspace.
The connection of the device circuit:Anode(1-2)Connect the positive pole of power supply, cathode block(3-3b)On water-cooled electric cable joint connect Power cathode, arc ring(2-1)Connect the arc end of power supply.
Specific implementation step:1)First, regulation gas valve is passed through working gas, and gas flow is controlled by flowmeter, and Check the air-tightness of generator;2)Open cooling water, checking device whether leak, it is ensured that can normal work;3)Turn on the power, Apply high-frequency and high-voltage between negative electrode and arc ring, puncture two interpolars, produce electric arc;4)High-frequency and high-voltage is disconnected, applies direct current Pressure, makes electric arc burn away, generator normal work.
Finally it is to be appreciated that above case study on implementation is merely to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, this area skill Art personnel should be appreciated that either equivalent substitution of being modified to technical scheme, without departing from spirit of the invention And scope, it all should cover among protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices, it is characterised in that:It includes common anode part(1)、 Around multiple dynode parts of central distribution(2)With multiple cathode portions(3), center powder feeding part(4);
Described anode part(1)By anode casing(1-1), anode(1-2), holddown plate(1-3)Deng composition, anode casing (1-1), anode(1-2), holddown plate(1-3)Connected by bolt presses;
Described anode(1-2)Side end face it is uniform aperture identical arc channel and converge at one, and processed at convergence In horn-like nozzle arrangements, center is provided with and powder feeding part(4)The circular hole that gap coordinates, is sideways screw type cooling water Groove;
Described dynode part(2)By arc ring(2-1), dead ring(2-2), dynode(2-3), dynode inner sleeve(2-4)、 Dynode overcoat(2-5)Deng composition;Arc ring(2-1), dead ring(2-2), dynode(2-3), dynode inner sleeve(2-4), in Compole overcoat(2-5)It is connected successively;Dynode part(2)With cathode portion(3)Pass through dynode overcoat(2-5)It is connected;It is middle Pole part(2)With anode(1-2)Pass through dead ring(2-2)Connection;Cathode portion(3), dynode part(2)With anode casing (1-1)It is connected successively;
Described cathode portion(3)By cathode shell(3-1), cathode sheath(3-2), negative electrode(3-3), negative electrode dead ring(3-4), it is cloudy Pole hold-down ring(3-5)Deng composition;Cathode shell(3-1), cathode sheath(3-2), negative electrode(3-3), negative electrode dead ring(3-4)Connect successively Connect;Negative electrode hold-down ring(3-5)With cathode sheath(3-2)Contact, and and cathode shell(3-1)It is connected;Wherein, described negative electrode(3- 3)By central water-cooling pipe(3-3a), cathode block(3-3b), cathode taps(3-3c), compressing member(3-3d)Composition, central water-cooling pipe(3- 3a), cathode block(3-3b), cathode taps(3-3c), compressing member(3-3d)It is connected successively;
Described powder feeding part(4)By powder feeding pipe(4-1)And powder-feeding nozzle(4-2)Composition;Powder feeding pipe(4-1)And powder-feeding nozzle (4-2)It is connected successively;Powder feeding part(4)Pass through powder feeding pipe(4-1)With anode casing(1-1)It is connected.
2. a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Share one Anode(1-2), dynode part(2)And cathode portion(3)Quantity is identical and adjustable.
3. a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The present apparatus Simply one embodiment, dynode(2-3)Number can be increased or decreased according to the requirement of power.
4. a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Anode (1-2)On the arc channel of anode nozzle axis same position, arc channel are converged at along the uniform multiple axial lines of peripheral direction Axis is in X ° with anode nozzle axis, one dynode part of each arc channel correspondence(2)And cathode portion(3).
5. a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described Anode casing(1-1)The uniform big hole in side end face is communicated with center hole;Staggered sideways it is uniform intake tunnel and backwater it is logical Road.
6. a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described Cathode shell(3-1)Air inlet pipe is provided with certain position sideways, is welded to each other and is integrated.
7. a kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described Cathode taps(3-3c)By tungsten electrode head(Material:Tungsten alloy)With tungsten electrode seat(Material:Red copper)Connected composition is inlayed, and tungsten electrode head rest is near Anode one end is that semicircle is spherical.
CN201710466833.0A 2017-06-20 2017-06-20 A kind of many negative electrode laminar flow plasma powder spheroidization devices Pending CN107124814A (en)

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Cited By (13)

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CN107896414A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-04-10 成都真火科技有限公司 A kind of laminar flow plasma spheroidization method
CN107983965A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-05-04 宝鸡市博信金属材料有限公司 High-temperature plasma aerosolization superfine spherical metal powder preparation method and equipment
CN109618483A (en) * 2019-01-07 2019-04-12 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 A kind of multiple arc plasma body generator
CN109951945A (en) * 2019-03-14 2019-06-28 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 A kind of platypelloid type large-area high-density DC arc discharge plasma source
CN110662338A (en) * 2019-09-27 2020-01-07 四川铁匠科技有限公司 Arc channel structure of long arc plasma beam generator
CN112695268A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-04-23 四川大学 Annular powder feeding and gas focusing device for supersonic plasma spraying
CN113068295A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-02 电子科技大学 Plasma jet device and plasma cutting system
CN113382525A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-10 大连理工大学 Multi-channel large-area high-density direct current arc plasma source
CN113600823A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-05 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 Laminar plasma atomized metal powder production equipment and production method thereof
CN113664209A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-11-19 四川大学 High-melting-point powder spheroidizing method based on three-cathode plasma torch
CN115025735A (en) * 2022-05-11 2022-09-09 四川轻化工大学 Preparation method and device for synthesizing AlN powder based on laminar plasma beam
KR102467741B1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2022-11-16 한국핵융합에너지연구원 Atomizing system and atomizing method using plasma
KR102491080B1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-01-19 한국핵융합에너지연구원 Powder spheronization device using plasma

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107896414A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-04-10 成都真火科技有限公司 A kind of laminar flow plasma spheroidization method
CN107983965A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-05-04 宝鸡市博信金属材料有限公司 High-temperature plasma aerosolization superfine spherical metal powder preparation method and equipment
CN109618483A (en) * 2019-01-07 2019-04-12 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 A kind of multiple arc plasma body generator
CN109951945A (en) * 2019-03-14 2019-06-28 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 A kind of platypelloid type large-area high-density DC arc discharge plasma source
CN110662338A (en) * 2019-09-27 2020-01-07 四川铁匠科技有限公司 Arc channel structure of long arc plasma beam generator
CN112695268A (en) * 2021-01-14 2021-04-23 四川大学 Annular powder feeding and gas focusing device for supersonic plasma spraying
CN113068295A (en) * 2021-03-17 2021-07-02 电子科技大学 Plasma jet device and plasma cutting system
CN113382525A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-10 大连理工大学 Multi-channel large-area high-density direct current arc plasma source
CN113664209A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-11-19 四川大学 High-melting-point powder spheroidizing method based on three-cathode plasma torch
KR102467741B1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2022-11-16 한국핵융합에너지연구원 Atomizing system and atomizing method using plasma
KR102491080B1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-01-19 한국핵융합에너지연구원 Powder spheronization device using plasma
CN113600823A (en) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-05 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 Laminar plasma atomized metal powder production equipment and production method thereof
CN115025735A (en) * 2022-05-11 2022-09-09 四川轻化工大学 Preparation method and device for synthesizing AlN powder based on laminar plasma beam

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Application publication date: 20170901