CN109743832B - High-power long-life plasma torch composite cooling device and design method - Google Patents
High-power long-life plasma torch composite cooling device and design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109743832B CN109743832B CN201811457908.XA CN201811457908A CN109743832B CN 109743832 B CN109743832 B CN 109743832B CN 201811457908 A CN201811457908 A CN 201811457908A CN 109743832 B CN109743832 B CN 109743832B
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Abstract
A high-power long-life plasma torch composite cooling device and a design method thereof are disclosed, firstly, deionized water for liquid phase cooling is input from a cooling water inlet, cooling liquid is divided into two paths for shunting through a liquid path distributor to obtain electromagnetic coil cooling shunting and electrode cooling shunting, then, an electromagnetic coil is cooled by the electromagnetic coil cooling shunting, then, the electromagnetic coil flows through an internal channel of the coil and returns to a shell interlayer of a plasma torch shell, an electrode is cooled by the electrode cooling shunting, then, the electromagnetic coil cooling shunting returns to the shell interlayer of the plasma torch shell through a gap formed by the coil and the electrode, and is gathered with the electromagnetic coil cooling shunting to a cooling water outlet for flowing out, finally, rotational flow ionization medium is input from an ionization medium inlet, a high-speed rotational flow air film is generated on the inner surface of the electrode through a gas distributor, so that the high-speed rotational flow air, and stabilizes the arc column on the axis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-power long-life plasma torch composite cooling device and a design method thereof, wherein the high-power long-life plasma torch has the characteristics of high temperature, high enthalpy, high energy concentration, high energy conversion efficiency, long working life and the like, is mainly used for generating a high-temperature environment, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, aviation, metallurgy, spraying, high-temperature-resistant ceramic material preparation and treatment, nano material preparation, material surface treatment, fuel conversion, combustion supporting, harmful garbage treatment and the like.
Background
At present, electrode ablation is the main factor influencing the service life and the use and maintenance cost of the high-power plasma torch, and the core problem restricting the service life and the working reliability of the electrode is the cooling mode and the structural design of the plasma torch. The existing plasma torch cooling mode mainly adopts a cathode and anode shunt water cooling structure, the two-way cooling mode has a complex structure and low cooling efficiency, so that the electrode ablation is serious, the heat loss is large, the service life is short, and the use and maintenance cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the composite cooling device and the design method overcome the defects of the prior art, the composite cooling design method combining single-path liquid phase cooling and air film cooling and the integrated electrode and magnetic field cooling structure design are adopted by utilizing the liquid rocket engine and magnetic plasma engine cooling technologies, the structure design is greatly simplified, and the cooling efficiency is obviously improved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a composite cooling design method for a high-power long-life plasma torch comprises the following steps:
(1) inputting deionized water for liquid phase cooling from a cooling water inlet, and dividing cooling liquid into two paths for shunting through a liquid path distributor to obtain electromagnetic coil cooling shunting and electrode cooling shunting;
(2) cooling the electromagnetic coil by using the electromagnetic coil cooling shunt, and then returning the electromagnetic coil to a shell interlayer of the plasma torch shell through an internal channel of the coil;
(3) cooling the electrode by using electrode cooling shunts, returning the electrode to a shell interlayer of a plasma torch shell through a gap formed by the coil and the electrode, and collecting the electrode and electromagnetic coil cooling shunts to a cooling water outlet to flow out;
(4) the rotational flow ionization medium is input from the ionization medium inlet, and a high-speed rotational flow air film is generated on the inner surface of the electrode through the gas distributor, so that the arc column is isolated from the wall surface of the electrode by the high-speed rotational flow air film, the convection heat transfer coefficient is enhanced, and the arc column is stabilized on the axis.
The input pressure of the deionized water for liquid phase cooling is 0.2 MPa-0.8 MPa, and the insulation resistance is more than 0.5M omega cm.
The rotational flow ionization medium comprises air, nitrogen, argon, helium and hydrogen.
The air supply pressure of the rotational flow ionization medium is between 0.2MPa and 0.7 MPa.
The input power of the high-power plasma torch is 20-1000 kW, and the current is 50-1200A.
The high-power plasma torch is a direct current arc plasma torch.
The electromagnetic coil is a solenoid coil.
The electrode is a coaxial electrode.
The gas distributor is a tangential vortex distributor, and the liquid path distributor is a multi-path throttling ring flow distributor.
The utility model provides a compound cooling device of high-power long-life plasma torch, includes cooling water inlet, ionization medium import, electrode, arc column, plasma torch casing, gas distributor, liquid way distributor, cooling water outlet, wherein:
deionized water for liquid phase cooling is input from a cooling water inlet, cooling liquid is divided into two paths for shunting through a liquid path distributor to obtain electromagnetic coil cooling shunting and electrode cooling shunting, the electromagnetic coil cooling shunting cools an electromagnetic coil, then the electromagnetic coil cools the electromagnetic coil, the electromagnetic coil flows through an internal channel of the coil and returns to a shell interlayer of a plasma torch shell, the electrode cooling shunting cools an electrode, the electrode cooling shunting returns to the shell interlayer of the plasma torch shell through a gap formed by the coil and the electrode, and the electromagnetic coil cooling shunting are gathered to a cooling water outlet to flow out; the rotational flow ionization medium is input from the ionization medium inlet, and a high-speed rotational flow air film is generated on the inner surface of the electrode through the gas distributor, so that the arc column is isolated from the wall surface of the electrode by the high-speed rotational flow air film, the convection heat transfer coefficient is enhanced, and the arc column is stabilized on the axis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, a composite cooling design method is adopted, and the single-path liquid phase cooling and the high-speed rotational flow air film cooling are integrated, wherein the liquid phase cooling is used for carrying out flow distribution on the electromagnetic coils and the electrodes through the internal throttling ring and finally collected to the liquid phase cooling outlet, so that the purpose of cooling all high-temperature components through the single-path liquid phase is realized;
(2) compared with the prior art, the invention obviously simplifies the structural design and reduces the structural size and weight by single-path cooling and internal flow distribution;
(3) according to the invention, the high-temperature arc column is isolated from the wall surface through the high-speed rotational flow air film, the convection heat transfer coefficient is enhanced, and meanwhile, the high-speed rotational flow also plays a role in stabilizing the electric arc, so that the high-efficiency cooling effect is achieved;
(4) compared with the prior art, the composite cooling design of the invention improves the cooling efficiency by 50 percent, and simultaneously obviously improves the service life and the working reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-power long-life plasma torch composite cooling device.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-power long-life plasma torch composite cooling device and a design method aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein a liquid rocket engine cooling technology is utilized, a composite cooling design method combining single-path liquid phase cooling and air film cooling and an electrode magnetic field integrated cooling structure design are adopted; in the invention, the power supply cable, the discharge electrode and the electromagnetic coil adopt integrated single-path liquid phase cooling, and the single-path interlayer liquid loop input and output modes are used for completing the liquid phase high-efficiency cooling of the high-temperature part, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved by 50%; an air film formed by high-speed tangential airflow is adopted between the wall surface of the electrode and the high-temperature plasma arc column to isolate the high-temperature arc column from the wall surface, the convective heat transfer coefficient is enhanced, and meanwhile, the high-speed rotational flow also plays a role in stabilizing electric arcs; the invention obviously simplifies the structural design, reduces the structural size, obviously improves the cooling efficiency, the working life and the working reliability, and the formed high-power plasma torch has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, energy environment, nano powder preparation, coal chemical industry and the like.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a high-power long-life plasma torch composite cooling device, which comprises a cooling water inlet (1), an ionized medium inlet (2), an electromagnetic coil cooling shunt (3), an electrode cooling shunt (4), a rotational flow ionized medium (5), an electrode (6), an arc column (7), a plasma torch shell (8), a gas distributor (9), a liquid path distributor (10), a cooling water outlet (11) and a plasma jet (12).
The invention relates to a composite cooling design method of a high-power long-life plasma torch, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) deionized water for liquid phase cooling is supplied from a cooling water inlet (1) according to a given pressure (0.2-0.8 MPa);
(2) deionized water for liquid phase cooling divides cooling liquid into two paths for shunting through a liquid path distributor with an internal serial number (10) to obtain an electromagnetic coil cooling shunt (3) and an electrode cooling shunt (4);
(3) the electromagnetic coil cooling shunt (3) cools the electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic coil cooling shunt (3) returns to a shell interlayer of the plasma torch shell (8) through an internal channel of the coil;
(4) the electrode cooling shunt (4) cools the electrode (6), and the electrode cooling shunt (4) returns to a shell interlayer of a plasma torch shell (8) through a gap formed by the coil and the electrode;
(5) the electromagnetic coil cooling shunt (3) and the electrode cooling shunt (4) are gathered to the cooling water outlet (11) and finally flow out of the cooling water outlet (11);
(6) a rotational flow ionization medium (5), namely a gas phase cooled ionization medium (air, nitrogen, hydrogen or inert gas) is supplied from an ionization medium inlet (2) according to a given pressure (0.2-0.7 MPa), and the ionization medium generates a high-speed rotational flow air film on the inner surface of an electrode (6) through a gas distributor (9);
(7) the arc column (7) is isolated from the wall surface of the electrode (6) by the high-speed rotational flow air film, the convection heat transfer coefficient is enhanced, and the inner surface of the electrode (6) is cooled;
(8) in addition, the high-speed rotational flow also plays a role in stabilizing electric arcs, so that an electric arc column (7) is stabilized on an axis, and the cooling efficiency and the working stability are further improved;
(9) the integrated single-path liquid phase cooling heat exchange efficiency is improved by 50 percent, the structural design is greatly simplified, and the service life and the reliability are improved;
(10) the power application range of the high-power plasma torch is 20-1000 kW (current is 50-1200A).
In the invention, the power supply cable, the discharge electrode and the electromagnetic coil adopt integrated single-path liquid phase cooling, and the single-path input and output mode is adopted to finish the liquid phase high-efficiency cooling of the high-temperature component through the interlayer liquid loop formed by the power supply connector, the electrode, the insulating layer and the shell, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved by 50 percent, and the service life is greatly prolonged.
According to the invention, the high-temperature arc column is isolated from the wall surface by adopting the air film formed by high-speed tangential air flow between the electrode wall surface and the high-temperature plasma arc column, the convection heat transfer coefficient is enhanced, and meanwhile, the high-speed rotational flow also plays a role in stabilizing electric arcs, so that the cooling efficiency and the working stability are improved.
The integrated single-path liquid phase cooling and high-speed rotational flow air film cooling method obviously simplifies the structural design, reduces the structural size, and obviously improves the cooling efficiency, the working life and the working reliability
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A composite cooling design method for a high-power long-life plasma torch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) inputting deionized water for liquid phase cooling from a cooling water inlet (1), and dividing cooling liquid into two paths for shunting through a liquid path distributor (10) to obtain electromagnetic coil cooling shunting and electrode cooling shunting;
the input pressure of the deionized water for liquid phase cooling is between 0.2MPa and 0.8MPa, and the insulation resistance is more than 0.5M omega cm;
(2) cooling the electromagnetic coil by using an electromagnetic coil cooling shunt, and then returning the electromagnetic coil to a shell interlayer of a plasma torch shell (8) through an internal channel of the coil;
the electromagnetic coil (2) is a solenoid coil;
(3) cooling the electrode (6) by using electrode cooling shunts, then returning to a shell interlayer of a plasma torch shell (8) through a gap formed by the coil and the electrode, and collecting the electrode and the electromagnetic coil cooling shunts to a cooling water outlet (11) for flowing out;
(4) inputting a rotational flow ionization medium from an ionization medium inlet (2), and generating a high-speed rotational flow air film on the inner surface of the electrode (6) through a gas distributor (9), so that the high-speed rotational flow air film isolates the arc column (7) from the wall surface of the electrode (6), the convection heat transfer coefficient is enhanced, and the arc column (7) is stabilized on the axis; the gas distributor (9) is a tangential vortex distributor, and the liquid path distributor (10) is a multi-path throttling ring flow distributor;
the plasma torch composite cooling device designed by the design method comprises a cooling water inlet (1), an ionized medium inlet (2), an electrode (6), an arc column (7), a plasma torch shell (8), a gas distributor (9), a liquid path distributor (10) and a cooling water outlet (11), wherein:
deionized water for liquid phase cooling is input from a cooling water inlet (1), cooling liquid is divided into two paths for shunting through a liquid path distributor (10), electromagnetic coil cooling shunting and electrode cooling shunting are obtained, the electromagnetic coil cooling shunting cools an electromagnetic coil, then the electromagnetic coil flows through an internal channel of the coil and returns to a shell interlayer of a plasma torch shell (8), the electrode cooling shunting cools an electrode (6), then the electromagnetic coil and the electrode form a gap, the gap returns to the shell interlayer of the plasma torch shell (8), and the electromagnetic coil cooling shunting and the cooling shunting are gathered to a cooling water outlet (11) to flow out; the rotational flow ionized medium is input from the ionized medium inlet (2), and a high-speed rotational flow air film is generated on the inner surface of the electrode (6) through the gas distributor (9), so that the arc column (7) is isolated from the wall surface of the electrode (6) by the high-speed rotational flow air film, the convection heat transfer coefficient is enhanced, and the arc column (7) is stabilized on the axis;
the air supply pressure of the rotational flow ionization medium is between 0.2MPa and 0.7 MPa;
the input power of the plasma torch is 20-1000 kW, and the current is 50-1200A;
the electrode (6) is a coaxial electrode.
2. The composite cooling design method of the high-power long-life plasma torch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite cooling design method comprises the following steps: the rotational flow ionization medium comprises air, nitrogen, argon, helium and hydrogen.
3. The composite cooling design method of the high-power long-life plasma torch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite cooling design method comprises the following steps: the plasma torch is a direct current arc plasma torch.
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| CN110939935B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-05-04 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Open compact plasma gasification combustion furnace that stops fast |
| CN113993264B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-11-14 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Plasma torch and cooling method thereof |
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