CN109587917A - A kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint - Google Patents
A kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint Download PDFInfo
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- CN109587917A CN109587917A CN201811574939.3A CN201811574939A CN109587917A CN 109587917 A CN109587917 A CN 109587917A CN 201811574939 A CN201811574939 A CN 201811574939A CN 109587917 A CN109587917 A CN 109587917A
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- plasma torch
- permanent
- magnetic lens
- integrated electrode
- service life
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
- H05H1/10—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied magnetic fields only, e.g. Q-machines, Yin-Yang, base-ball
- H05H1/14—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied magnetic fields only, e.g. Q-machines, Yin-Yang, base-ball wherein the containment vessel is straight and has magnetic mirrors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
Abstract
A kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint, comprising: cooling structure, gas distributor, integrated electrode, permanent-magnetic lens, plasma torch shell;The integrated electrode, permanent-magnetic lens, plasma torch shell are successively set with from the inside to the outside;The head of plasma torch shell is arranged in gas distributor, and outside ionization dielectric gas is by generating spiral air flow after gas distributor;Electric arc is generated between the anode and cathode of integrated electrode, arc through spiral air flow forms arc plasma jet.Plasma torch of the present invention has the characteristics that high temperature, Gao Han, energy height are concentrated, energy conversion efficiency is high and long working life, hot environment can be generated, the fields such as space flight, aviation, metallurgy, spraying, high temperature ceramic material preparation and processing, nano material preparation, material surface processing, fuel conversion and combustion-supporting, Harmful Waste processing are widely used in.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint, especially a kind of to have height
Temperature, Gao Han, energy height are concentrated, energy conversion efficiency is high and the plasma torch of long working life feature.
Background technique
The principal element work of high power plasma torch engineer application, working life and working service cost is influenced at present
Service life is short, energy conversion efficiency and live bad adaptability, and restricts energy conversion efficiency, electrode life and functional reliability
Key problem is the Magnetic Field Design of plasma torch, power is matched with magnetic field, structure designs and cooling protection.It is existing it is equal from
The typically no magnetically confined of daughter torch or magnetic field complexity or power and magnetic field matching are poor, cause system structure complicated,
Parameter matching performance not can guarantee, so that electrode life short (by taking air is working media as an example, general only 100 hours) and energy
Transfer efficiency is low (generally 60%), and working service is at high cost.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the invention solves the problems, such as: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose it is a kind of based on permanent magnet constraint
Large power long service life plasma torch solves magnetic field bit-type and electric arc matching problem, while utilizing reasonable air inlet and cooling
Structure, the ablation of reduced electrode also improve transfer efficiency while improving electrode life.Electromagnetism is substituted using permanent magnet
Iron also effectively reduces the volume and weight of plasma torch, user-friendly.
The technical scheme is that
It is a kind of based on permanent magnet constraint large power long service life plasma torch, comprising: cooling structure, gas distributor,
Integrated electrode, permanent-magnetic lens, plasma torch shell;
The integrated electrode, permanent-magnetic lens, plasma torch shell are successively set with from the inside to the outside;The integrated electrode
It is provided between permanent-magnetic lens and between permanent-magnetic lens and plasma torch shell for cooling down permanent-magnetic lens and one
The cooling structure of polarizing electrode;
The head of plasma torch shell is arranged in the gas distributor, and outside ionization dielectric gas passes through the gas
Integrated electrode inner cavity is tangentially sprayed into after distributor and in the interior intracavitary formation spiral air flow, the track of the spiral air flow is
Cylindrical helix;
The integrated electrode be hollow cylinder, anode of the described hollow cylinder one end as integrated electrode, separately
One end is integrated the cathode of polarizing electrode, the anode of the anode connection external power supply, the cathode of the cathode connection external power supply
And grounding;Electric arc is generated between the anode and cathode, spiral air flow described in the arc through forms arc plasma
Body jet stream.
The ionization medium gas is one of air, nitrogen or hydrogen or any one inert gas, the ionization
The air pressure range of dielectric gas is 0.2MPa~0.7MPa.
The permanent-magnetic lens is spliced by first part's permanent-magnetic lens and second part permanent-magnetic lens, it is described with it is integrated
The corresponding part of electrode anode is as first part's permanent-magnetic lens, and part corresponding with integrated electrode cathode is as second part
The magnetic direction of permanent-magnetic lens, first part's permanent-magnetic lens and second part permanent-magnetic lens is opposite.
By exhausted between the cylindrical body as integrated electrode anode and the cylindrical body as integrated electrode cathode
Edge body is connected.
Circulation has cooling water, the cooling structure conduct between the integrated electrode and permanent-magnetic lens in the cooling structure
Interior ring cooling structure, the cooling structure between the permanent-magnetic lens and plasma torch shell are described as outer ring cooling structure
Interior ring cooling structure is connected to outer ring cooling structure in the tail portion of plasma torch shell, and cooling water is from plasma torch shell
Head flows into inner ring cooling structure, then outer ring cooling structure is flowed into the tail portion of plasma torch shell, finally from plasma
The header stream of body torch shell is gone out ring cooling structure.
The cooling water is deionized water, and the supply pressure value range of the cooling water is 0.2MPa~0.8MPa.
The magnetic direction of the spiral air flow and first part's permanent-magnetic lens meets the right-hand rule, the permanent-magnetic lens
Magnetic field is protected for generating, the protection magnetic field includes: axial magnetic field and radial magnetic field;The axial magnetic field is for stablizing electric arc
Arc column, the radial magnetic field is for driving the arc root of electric arc to rotate;
The speed that the electric arc is located at the arc root at the anode is greater than 200Hz, and the electric arc is located at the cathode
The speed of the arc root at place is greater than 400Hz.
The cylinder inner diameter as integrated electrode anode is less than described as in integrated electrode cathode cylindrical body
Diameter, the material of the cylindrical body as integrated electrode anode are yellow gold.
The gas distributor is tangential swirl distributor.The material of the permanent-magnetic lens is samarium-cobalt alloy, it is described it is equal from
The material of daughter torch shell is stainless steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) it takes the permanent magnet of rational design as lens, produces the magnetic of specific bit-type in plasma torch electrode interior
, so that direct-current arc arc column is generated high speed rotation, reduces the ablation of electrode same position;It on the other hand can effectively about
High temperature and high speed plasma jet caused by beam, reduction are contacted with electrode.Can effectively improve in this way electrode life and it is equal from
Daughter torch energy conversion efficiency.Energy conversion efficiency improves 15%, and electrode working life improves 200%.Permanent magnet is used simultaneously
As lens, diameter and weight can be greatly lowered compared with electromagnet, to realize plasma torch miniaturization and lighting, expand
Big application field.
2) the efficient liquid phase interlayer type of cooling is used, on the one hand rapid walking guide electric arc and plasma strike electrode generate
Electrode erosion is effectively reduced in heat, improves electrode life;On the other hand ablation of the cooling application environment to shell, guarantee etc. from
Daughter torch long-play.The sandwich-type cooling duct that the present invention uses, greatly improved heat-conducting area, and cooling efficiency improves
30%.
3) high-speed rotational gaseous film control, using swirl gas distributor, ionized gas working medium is tangentially sprayed into electrode channel
Portion forms high-speed rotational, on the one hand plays the role of stable electric arc;On the other hand play the role of gaseous film control, improve work
Stability.
4) integrated electrode structure is used, cathode and anode shape are rationally designed, anode uses yellow gold, and cathode uses
Fine copper can effectively reduce electrode erosion rate, increase electrode life, improve energy conversion efficiency.Power can effectively be expanded simultaneously
Range.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is plasma torch schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is constrained and is waited using liquid-propellant rocket engine Cooling Design, electromagnetic field design, magnetopasma engine
Gas ions transport technique takes permanent-magnetic lens 8, is designed by magnetic field configuration optimization and structure, realizes the power of plasma torch
It is matched with magnetic field parameter;Meanwhile in conjunction with the cooling of efficient liquid phase interlayer and high-speed rotational gaseous film control, the steady of plasma torch is realized
Fixed work, high-energy conversion and long-lived operation.Structure design is significantly simplified, working life and reliability are obviously improved.
The arc column of the magnetically confined electric arc 9 of property strengths and distribution is generated using permanent-magnetic lens 8, the arc column of electric arc 9 is in height
Under the axial magnetic field collective effect that fast spiral air flow 6 and permanent-magnetic lens 8 generate on stable plasma torch central axis, height is avoided
Warm arc column is contacted with integrated electrode 7.The axial magnetic field that permanent-magnetic lens 8 generates is also used to constraint arc plasma jet 10,
It is isolated with integrated electrode 7.The radial magnetic field that permanent-magnetic lens 8 generates reduces electricity for driving 9 arc root high speed rotation of electric arc
9 arc root of arc reduces the ablation to 7 structure of integrated electrode in the residence time of same position, increases electrode life, improves energy
Transfer efficiency.
Cooling sandwith layer channel is formed using integrated electrode 7, permanent-magnetic lens 8 and shell 11, heat-conducting area greatly improved,
The efficient cooling to high-temperature components such as electrode, shells 11 is realized using deionization cooling water.
Using swirl gas distributor, ionized gas working medium is tangentially sprayed into inside electrode channel, forms high-speed screw gas
Stream 6, on the one hand plays the role of stable electric arc 9;On the other hand play the role of gaseous film control, improve job stability.
Further detailed description is done to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint of the present invention, comprising: cooling
Structure 14, gas distributor 5, integrated electrode 7, permanent-magnetic lens 8, plasma torch shell 11;
The integrated electrode 7, permanent-magnetic lens 8, plasma torch shell 11 are successively set with from the inside to the outside;The integration
It is provided between electrode 7 and permanent-magnetic lens 8 and between permanent-magnetic lens 8 and plasma torch shell 11 saturating for cooling down permanent magnetism
The cooling structure 14 of mirror 8 and integrated electrode 7;
The head of plasma torch shell 11 is arranged in gas distributor 5, and tangential swirl distributor can be used.Outside ionization
Dielectric gas is by tangentially spraying into 7 inner cavity of integrated electrode and in the interior intracavitary formation spiral gas after the gas distributor 5
Stream 6, the track of the spiral air flow are cylindrical helix;Ionization medium gas is one of air, nitrogen or hydrogen or appoints
It anticipates a kind of inert gas, the air pressure range of the ionization medium gas is 0.2MPa~0.7MPa.
Integrated electrode 7 uses the coaxial tubular motor of anode and cathode, and specific structure is hollow cylinder, the open circles
Anode of the cylinder one end as integrated electrode 7, cathode of the other end as integrated electrode 7, the anode of integrated electrode 7 and
Insulator is additionally provided between cathode, anode and cathode is connected by insulator.Anode passes through positive service cable 2 and connects outside
The anode of power supply 1, the cathode connect the cathode and grounding of external power supply 1, specific ground connection electricity by earth cable 12
The cathode of one end connection external power supply 1 of cable 12, the other end of earth cable 12 connect plasma torch shell 11, integration electricity
The cathode of pole 7 by shell 11 be located at plasma torch transmit outward arc plasma jet 10 a side end face and the shell
Body realizes circuit connection.Electric arc 9 is generated between the anode and cathode, the electric arc 9 punctures the spiral air flow 6 and forms electric arc
Plasma jet 10.The cathode of integrated electrode 7 in plasma torch is easy ablation, needs to carry out thickening processing, specifically
The cylinder inner diameter as 7 anode of integrated electrode be less than it is described as diameter in 7 cathode cylindrical body of integrated electrode, the work
The material for being integrated the cylindrical body of 7 anode of polarizing electrode is yellow gold.
Circulation has cooling water in cooling structure 14, and cooling water is deionized water, and it is non-conductive to meet cooling structure 14.It is described cold
But supply pressure range 0.2MPa~0.8MPa of water.Cooling structure 14 between the integrated electrode 7 and permanent-magnetic lens 8 is made
For interior ring cooling structure, the cooling structure 14 between the permanent-magnetic lens 8 and plasma torch shell 11 is as the cooling knot of outer ring
Structure, the interior ring cooling structure are connected to outer ring cooling structure in the tail portion of plasma torch shell 11, and cooling water is from plasma
The head of body torch shell 11 flows into inner ring cooling structure, then flows into the cooling knot of outer ring in the tail portion of plasma torch shell 11
Structure finally flows out outer ring cooling structure from the cooling water outlet 13 on the head of plasma torch shell 11.
External power supply 1 is DC power supply, and the supply current range of power supply is 50~200A, the output power value of power supply
Range is 20~120kW.
Permanent-magnetic lens 8 is that two parts are bonded, and part corresponding with 7 anode of integrated electrode is as first part's permanent magnetism
Lens, part corresponding with 7 cathode of integrated electrode is as second part permanent-magnetic lens, the axial polarity of two parts permanent-magnetic lens
On the contrary.Bonding plane between first part's permanent-magnetic lens and second part permanent-magnetic lens is located at the insulator portion, forever
Magnetic lenses 8 generates axial magnetic field and is divided into the opposite magnetic field of boundary, two sections of front and back magnetic direction with the insulator portion of integrated electrode 7.
For the permanent-magnetic lens 8 for generating protection magnetic field, the protection magnetic field includes: axial magnetic field and radial magnetic field;The axial magnetic
Field is for stablizing the arc column of electric arc 9, and the radial magnetic field is for driving the arc root of electric arc 9 to rotate;
The speed that the electric arc 9 is located at the arc root at the anode is greater than 200Hz, and the electric arc 9 is located at the yin
The speed of arc root at pole is greater than 400Hz.
The material of permanent-magnetic lens 8 is samarium-cobalt alloy, and the material of the plasma torch shell 11 is stainless steel.Spiral air flow
6 meet the right-hand rule with the magnetic direction of first part's permanent-magnetic lens.
The method for generating arc plasma jet 10 using plasma torch of the present invention, comprises the following steps that
1) external power supply 1 provides direct current supply for plasma torch;
2) positive service cable 2 is connect with the anode of integrated electrode 7;
3) cathode of integrated electrode 7 is connect with plasma torch shell 11;
4) earth cable 12 being connected on plasma torch shell 11 is connect with the cathode that external power supply 1 exports;
5) plasma torch shell 11 is connect by earth cable 12 with grounding point, guarantees reliable ground;
6) cooling water is entered inside plasma torch by cooling water inlet 3, flows through integrated electrode 7 and permanent-magnetic lens 8
The interlayer that the interlayer and permanent-magnetic lens 8 and torch shell 11 of formation are formed converges to cooling water outlet 13, realizes to integrated electricity
The cooling of pole 7 and permanent-magnetic lens 8;
7) ionization working medium (air etc.) enters plasma torch by air inlet 4;
8) ionization working medium tangentially sprays into plasma torch electrode interior through air-flow distributor 5, forms high-speed screw air-flow 6;
9) magnetic field strength and shape distribution for the characteristic that permanent-magnetic lens 8 generates is used for constraint arc 9 and arc-plasma
Jet stream 10;
10) anode and cathode high-voltage breakdown ionization working medium (air etc.) of integrated electrode 7 forms arc-plasma and penetrates
Stream 10;
11) axial magnetic field that the arc column for the electric arc 9 that electric discharge is formed is generated in high-speed screw air-flow 6 and permanent-magnetic lens 8 is common
Effect is lower to stablize on plasma torch central axis, can more efficiently to spiral air flow 6 carry out ionization be thermally formed etc. from
Daughter jet stream 10;
12) air film that high-speed screw air-flow 6 is formed further enhances convection transfer rate, and guard electrode is not ablated;
13) 9 arc root of plasma arc high speed rotation under the radial magnetic field effect that permanent-magnetic lens 8 generates, is reduced to electricity
The ablation of pole;
14) 9 heating working medium of high-temperature electric arc forms high temperature, high speed arc spraying plasma jet 10 sprays.
15) gas ionization working medium supply air pressure value range is 0.2~0.7MPa, and chilled(cooling) water supply (CWS) pressure value range is
0.2~0.8MPa, can wide scope adjusting;
16) the power input value range for the DC power supply that high power plasma torch uses is 20~120kW, electric current
Value range is 50~200A.
Embodiment
A kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint, wherein as 7 anode of integrated electrode
The outer diameter of cylindrical body is 30mm, and internal diameter 15mm, length 60mm, material is yellow gold;As 7 cathode of integrated electrode
The outer diameter of cylindrical body is 30mm, and internal diameter 12mm, length 150mm, material is fine copper;The outer diameter of insulator is 30mm, internal diameter
For 20mm, length 20mm, material is aluminium oxide ceramics.
Permanent-magnetic lens 8 is that two parts are bonded, and part corresponding with 7 anode of integrated electrode is as first part's permanent magnetism
Lens, part corresponding with 7 cathode of integrated electrode is as second part permanent-magnetic lens, the axial polarity of two parts permanent-magnetic lens
On the contrary, outer diameter is 50mm, internal diameter is 35mm, and the axial length of first part's permanent-magnetic lens is 70mm, second part permanent magnetism
The axial length of lens is 160mm, and material is samarium-cobalt alloy.
A. when gas ionization working medium is air, supply gas pressure 0.2MPa, the electric current of external power supply 1 is 50A, external power supply
1 voltage is 400V, when power is 20kW;The service life of plasma torch of the present invention is 300 hours, and energy conversion efficiency is
80%;
B. when gas ionization working medium is air, supply gas pressure 0.7MPa, the electric current of external power supply 1 is 200A, external electrical
The voltage 600V in source 1, when power is 120kW;The service life of plasma torch of the present invention is 250 hours, and energy conversion efficiency is
75%.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the well-known technique of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint characterized by comprising cooling structure
(14), gas distributor (5), integrated electrode (7), permanent-magnetic lens (8), plasma torch shell (11);
The integrated electrode (7), permanent-magnetic lens (8), plasma torch shell (11) are successively set with from the inside to the outside;The one
It is provided between polarizing electrode (7) and permanent-magnetic lens (8) and between permanent-magnetic lens (8) and plasma torch shell (11) and is used for
The cooling structure (14) of cooling permanent-magnetic lens (8) and integrated electrode (7);
Gas distributor (5) setting passes through described in the head of plasma torch shell (11), outside ionization dielectric gas
Gas distributor (5) tangentially sprays into integrated electrode (7) inner cavity and afterwards in the interior intracavitary formation spiral air flow (6), the spiral shell
The track of rotational gas flow is cylindrical helix;
The integrated electrode (7) be hollow cylinder, anode of the described hollow cylinder one end as integrated electrode (7),
The other end is integrated the cathode of polarizing electrode (7), the anode of anode connection external power supply (1), and the cathode connects external electrical
The cathode and grounding in source (1);Electric arc (9) are generated between the anode and cathode, the electric arc (9) punctures the spiral gas
It flows (6) and forms arc plasma jet (10).
2. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to claim 1, feature exist
In the ionization medium gas is one of air, nitrogen or hydrogen or any one inert gas, the ionization medium gas
The air pressure range of body is 0.2MPa~0.7MPa.
3. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to claim 1, feature exist
In, the permanent-magnetic lens (8) is spliced by first part's permanent-magnetic lens and second part permanent-magnetic lens, it is described with it is integrated electricity
The corresponding part of pole (7) anode is as first part's permanent-magnetic lens, and part corresponding with integrated electrode (7) cathode is as second
The magnetic direction of part permanent-magnetic lens, first part's permanent-magnetic lens and second part permanent-magnetic lens is opposite.
4. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to claim 3, feature exist
In by exhausted between the cylindrical body as integrated electrode (7) anode and the cylindrical body as integrated electrode (7) cathode
Edge body is connected.
5. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to claim 4, feature exist
In circulation has cooling water in the cooling structure (14), the cooling knot between the integrated electrode (7) and permanent-magnetic lens (8)
Structure (14) is used as interior ring cooling structure, the cooling structure (14) between the permanent-magnetic lens (8) and plasma torch shell (11)
As outer ring cooling structure, the interior ring cooling structure and outer ring cooling structure connect in the tail portion of plasma torch shell (11)
Logical, cooling water flows into inner ring cooling structure from the head of plasma torch shell (11), then in plasma torch shell (11)
Tail portion flow into outer ring cooling structure, finally go out ring cooling structure from the header stream of plasma torch shell (11).
6. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to claim 5, feature exist
In the cooling water is deionized water, and the supply pressure value range of the cooling water is 0.2MPa~0.8MPa.
7. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to one of claim 3~5,
It is characterized in that, the magnetic direction of the spiral air flow (6) and first part's permanent-magnetic lens meets the right-hand rule;
For the permanent-magnetic lens (8) for generating protection magnetic field, the protection magnetic field includes: axial magnetic field and radial magnetic field;It is described
Axial magnetic field is used to stablize the arc column of electric arc (9), and the radial magnetic field is for driving the arc root of electric arc (9) to rotate;
The speed that the electric arc (9) is located at the arc root at the anode is greater than 200Hz, and the electric arc (9) is located at the yin
The speed of arc root at pole is greater than 400Hz.
8. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to claim 7, feature exist
In the cylinder inner diameter as integrated electrode (7) anode is less than described as in integrated electrode (7) cathode cylindrical body
Diameter, the material of the cylindrical body as integrated electrode (7) anode are yellow gold.
9. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to claim 8, feature exist
In the gas distributor (5) is tangential swirl distributor.
10. a kind of large power long service life plasma torch based on permanent magnet constraint according to claim 9, feature exist
In the material of the permanent-magnetic lens (8) is samarium-cobalt alloy, and the material of the plasma torch shell (11) is stainless steel.
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CN112682961A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Electric arc heater rear end cap |
CN113395813A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-14 | 江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司 | Reversed polarity high-power laminar plasma generator |
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