CN103269558A - Anode of supersonic plasma torch, and supersonic plasma torch - Google Patents

Anode of supersonic plasma torch, and supersonic plasma torch Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103269558A
CN103269558A CN2013102203631A CN201310220363A CN103269558A CN 103269558 A CN103269558 A CN 103269558A CN 2013102203631 A CN2013102203631 A CN 2013102203631A CN 201310220363 A CN201310220363 A CN 201310220363A CN 103269558 A CN103269558 A CN 103269558A
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Prior art keywords
anode
basic
auxiliary
plasma torch
basic anode
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CN2013102203631A
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Chinese (zh)
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陈浩
陈雄
薛海峰
王轶
郑健
刘锐
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN2013102203631A priority Critical patent/CN103269558A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses an anode of a supersonic plasma torch, and the supersonic plasma torch. Mainly, the conventional laval-type anode is divided into two parts, wherein one part near a cathode body is called as a basic anode; the other part far away from the cathode body is called an auxiliary anode; and the two parts are isolated by a high-temperature-resistant insulation ceramic chip. The cathode body is fixed on a conductive torch core and is sequentially connected with the basic anode and the auxiliary anode in an axial direction. When the anode works, an arc root is transferred from the basic anode to the auxiliary anode, so that a nozzle of the laval-type basic anode with a complicated structure is protected while an electric arc is lengthened. Therefore, the voltage is increased under the condition that the working current is unchanged. As a result, the energy utilization rate is improved.

Description

A kind of anode of supersonic speed plasma torch and supersonic speed plasma torch
Technical field
The invention belongs to the heat plasma technology field, be specifically related to a kind of anode and supersonic speed plasma torch of supersonic speed plasma torch.
Background technology
The arc heat plasma has high-energy-density (107-109)/m 3), the characteristic very favourable to commercial Application such as high brightness, high conductivity, high heat conductance.Since nineteen seventies, hot plasma has very big development in the application of industrial circle.For example, in field of machining, hot plasma is widely used in welding, cutting and the spraying of material; In field of metallurgy, the fusing that hot plasma is used to metal and heavy molten, insulation and new smelting process process; At the plasma chemical field, hot plasma is used to Coal Pyrolysis, produces acetylene; In the aerospace field, hot plasma is used to do the ablation experiments of high-temperature aerodynamics experiment and thermally protective materials; Produce the field at material, hot plasma is used to produce ultra-fine ultrapure material powder and synthetic various materials; At field of environment protection, it is used to disposal of refuse and toxic waste.The supersonic speed plasma torch requires it to have characteristics such as longlife noodles, stability height, high efficiency in commercial Application as the generating means of supersonic speed hot plasma.
Find through literature search, title: a kind of supersonic reaction plasma spray gun (CN 101289744A) and title: in these two patents of Lavalle anode construction arc plasma torch (CN 20198625 U), all formed by a negative electrode and an anode in the disclosed plasma generator.When the Laval nozzle of complex configuration during as anode, even also can influence the operating characteristic of supersonic speed plasma jet then owing to adhering to of anode arc root caused ablation having under the good water-cooled protection.In addition, existing supersonic speed plasma torch all is speed and the temperature that improves jet by the raising operating current, but the raising of electric current will be shortened the useful life of electrode greatly.Aspect air inlet, existing gas ions torch mainly is by straight hole or straight trough compressed air to be introduced the cavity of nozzle, and the intake method of this straight line can cause the fluctuation of arc voltage, is unfavorable for the maintenance of jet pattern.Aspect cooling protection, the electrode cooling system is not independent mutually in the existing supersonic speed plasma torch, has caused the difficulty of electrode detection and dismounting.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to technical deficiencies such as short at the Lavalle anode nozzle life-span of complex configuration in the existing supersonic speed plasma torch, that energy utilization efficiency is low, a kind of anode and supersonic speed plasma torch of supersonic speed plasma torch of simple in structure, reliable, low-cost, miniaturization is provided.On the one hand, avoid adhering to because of the arc root ablation on the anode nozzle surface, Lavalle basis of causing complex configuration, prolonging its working life, the auxiliary anode nozzle that is easy to process by replacing is to increase economic efficiency; On the other hand, by conversion arc root position, elongate electric arc artificially, make that suffered joule of bringing-up section of working gas is elongated, to improve energy utilization efficiency.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is:
A kind of anode of supersonic speed plasma torch, comprise basic anode and auxiliary anode, described basic anode is that loop configuration comprises the hollow pipeline that basic anode annular water-cooled cavity and basic anode annular water-cooled cavity surround, auxiliary anode is loop configuration, inside has auxiliary anode annular water-cooled cavity, and basic anode and auxiliary anode are separate; Described basic anode hollow pipeline adopts the Lavalle structure, and passing through comprises basic anode shrink section, basic anode direct tube section, basic anode expansion section successively, and auxiliary anode is fixed on basic anode expansion section opening part by the ceramic insulation sheet.
A kind of supersonic speed plasma torch, comprise anode, negative electrode and rifle body, described anode comprises basic anode and auxiliary anode, described basic anode comprises the hollow pipeline that basic anode annular water-cooled cavity and basic anode annular water-cooled cavity surround, auxiliary anode is loop configuration, inside has auxiliary anode annular water-cooled cavity, and basic anode and auxiliary anode are separate; Described basic anode interior passage adopts the Lavalle structure, pass through and comprise basic anode shrink section successively, basis anode direct tube section, basis anode expansion section, auxiliary anode is fixed on basic anode expansion section opening part by the ceramic insulation sheet, described rifle body comprises conduction rifle core, insulating sleeve and fixed muffle, the basis anode is connected on the insulating sleeve, fixed muffle is contained on the periphery of auxiliary anode, and connect basic anode fixed muffle and be contained on the periphery of auxiliary anode, and connect basic anode, fixed muffle and auxiliary anode are separated by the O RunddichtringO, insulating sleeve is contained on the periphery of conduction rifle core, negative electrode is connected on the conduction rifle core, and is installed in the insulating sleeve.
Wherein, described annexation adopts and is threaded.Negative electrode comprises cathode, negative electrode air cooling passage and cathode point hafnium filament, and described cathode is hollow pipeline, and inside has negative electrode air cooling passage, and the cathode point hafnium filament is embedded in the cathode front end.
Have gas channel on the conduction rifle core vertical direction, conduction rifle core 1/3 is the place highly, have four conduction rifle core pores symmetrically, gas channel is the upright position with four conduction rifle core pores and communicates, cavity place between described insulating sleeve and the conduction rifle core has the spiral air flow passage, and four conduction rifle core pores communicate with the eddy flow inlet channel; Working gas enters negative electrode air cooling passage target body by gas channel and carries out first time cooling, and enters eddy flow inlet channel target body via conduction rifle core pore and carry out second time and cool off.
As preferred version:
It is 30 ° that described basic anode nozzle shrinks half-angle, and basic anode and auxiliary anode expansion half-angle are 12 °, and basic anode nozzle larynx directly is 2mm.
Operation principle: supersonic speed plasma torch of the present invention mainly is that the Lavalle type anode with routine is divided into two, and near the title basis anode of cathode, away from the title auxiliary anode of cathode, middlely separates by the high-temperature insulation potsherd.Cathode is fixed on the conduction rifle core, connects basic anode and auxiliary anode vertically successively.The negative pole of power supply is connected on the cathode by conduction rifle core, and the positive pole of power supply connects auxiliary anode, connects basic anode ground circuit at positive source a switch is set.During use, first Closing Switch and energising, be equivalent to conventional single anode supersonic speed plasma torch this moment, treat the electric arc working stability after, cut-off switch is because the conductivity of plasma can regenerate electric arc arc root at auxiliary anode.
Negative electrode adopts the air cooling mode, working gas enters into negative electrode air cooling passage target body by gas channel and carries out the cooling first time, guarantee that negative electrode is not damaged by high temperature, gas in the negative electrode air cooling passage enters into after being heated by insulating sleeve and conduction rifle core periphery and cooperates the rotation inlet channel target body that forms to carry out the cooling second time simultaneously, after the rotation pressurization is accelerated in the spiral air flow passage, can rotate around electrode and advance, with the cooling cathode surface; Spiral air flow arrives the inner chamber of nozzle then, and through compression again, the last air-flow that rotates with high speed is with the outlet ejection of plasma arc from nozzle; Basis anode and auxiliary anode adopt independently water-cooling system.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: (1) basic anode and auxiliary anode separate by the high-temperature insulation potsherd, and the two has independently water-cooling system, are convenient to leak detection and dismounting, and be assembled together by fixed muffle, guaranteed its axiality; When (2) working, electric arc arc root position is transferred on the auxiliary anode artificially, on the one hand, avoided adhering to because of the arc root ablation on the anode nozzle surface, basis, complex configuration Lavalle of causing, prolonged its working life.Because the auxiliary anode configuration is simple and be easy to replacing, has improved economic benefit; On the other hand, after arc root position transformed on the auxiliary anode by basic anode, electric arc had been elongated artificially, made working gas be subjected to joule bringing-up section elongated, and arc voltage also is improved, thereby has improved energy utilization efficiency; (3) negative electrode adopts the air cooling mode, working gas enters into negative electrode air cooling passage by gas channel and guarantees that negative electrode is not damaged by high temperature, gas in the negative electrode air cooling passage enters into after being heated by insulating sleeve and conduction rifle core periphery and cooperates the rotation inlet channel that forms simultaneously, after the rotation pressurization is accelerated in the spiral air flow passage, can rotate around electrode and advance, with the cooling cathode surface.Like this, both guarantee the cooling effect of negative electrode, also improved energy utilization efficiency.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A kind of supersonic speed plasma torch of the present invention generalized section.
Among the figure, 1-gas channel, 2-conduction rifle core, 3-conduction rifle core pore, 4-eddy flow inlet channel, 5-insulating sleeve, 6-cathode, 7-negative electrode air cooling passage, 8-cathode point hafnium filament, 9-basis anode, 10-basis anode shrink section, 11-basis anode direct tube section, 12 basic anode water-cooling channels, 13 basic anode expansion sections, 14-high-temperature insulation potsherd, 15-auxiliary anode, 16-auxiliary anode water-cooling channel, 17-O type insulated enclosure circle, 18-fixed muffle.
Embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of anode of supersonic speed plasma torch, comprise basic anode 9 and auxiliary anode 15, described basic anode 9 hollow pipeline that basic anode annular water-cooled cavity 12 and basic anode annular water-cooled cavity 12 surround for loop configuration comprises, auxiliary anode 15 is loop configuration, inside has auxiliary anode annular water-cooled cavity 16, and basic anode 9 and auxiliary anode 15 are separate; Described basic anode 9 hollow pipelines adopt the Lavalle structure, passing through comprises basic anode shrink section 10, basic anode direct tube section 11, basic anode expansion section 13 successively, and auxiliary anode 15 is fixed on basic anode expansion section 13 opening parts by ceramic insulation sheet 14.
A kind of supersonic speed plasma torch, comprise anode, negative electrode and rifle body, described anode comprises basic anode 9 and auxiliary anode 15, described basic anode 9 comprises the hollow pipeline that basic anode annular water-cooled cavity 12 and basic anode annular water-cooled cavity 12 surround, auxiliary anode 15 is loop configuration, inside has auxiliary anode annular water-cooled cavity 16, and basic anode 9 and auxiliary anode 15 are separate; The Lavalle structure is adopted in described basic anode 9 inner passages, pass through and comprise basic anode shrink section 10 successively, basis anode direct tube section 11, basis anode expansion section 13, auxiliary anode 15 is fixed on basic anode expansion section 13 opening parts by ceramic insulation sheet 14, described rifle body comprises conduction rifle core 2, insulating sleeve 5 and fixed muffle 18, basis anode 9 is by being threaded on the insulating sleeve 5, fixed muffle 18 is contained on the periphery of auxiliary anode 15, and by the basic anode 9 that is threaded, fixed muffle 18 is contained on the periphery of auxiliary anode 15, and connect basic anode 9, fixed muffle 18 and auxiliary anode 15 are separated by O RunddichtringO 17, insulating sleeve 5 is contained on the periphery of conduction rifle core 2, negative electrode is by being threaded on the conduction rifle core 2, and is installed in the insulating sleeve 5.
Wherein, negative electrode comprises cathode 6, negative electrode air cooling passage 7 and cathode point hafnium filament 8, and described cathode 6 is hollow pipeline, and inside has negative electrode air cooling passage 7, and cathode point hafnium filament 8 is embedded in cathode 6 front ends.
Have gas channel 1 on conduction rifle core 2 vertical directions, conduction rifle core 2 1/3 is the place highly, have four conduction rifle core pores 3 symmetrically, gas channel 1 is the upright position with four conduction rifle core pores 3 and communicates, cavity place between described insulating sleeve 5 and the conduction rifle core 2 has 4, four conduction rifles of spiral air flow passage core pore 3 and communicates with eddy flow inlet channel 4.
Working gas and refrigerating gas share a gas channel in this invention, working gas enters into negative electrode air cooling passage 7 by gas channel 1 and has guaranteed that negative electrode is not damaged by high temperature, gas in the negative electrode air cooling passage enters into after being heated by insulating sleeve and conduction rifle core periphery and cooperates the rotation inlet channel 4 that forms simultaneously, after the rotation pressurization is accelerated in the spiral air flow passage, can rotate around electrode and advance, with the cooling cathode surface.Not only protect the cathode point surface but also guaranteed energy concentration.
When the present invention used, the negative pole of power supply was connected on the cathode by conduction rifle core, and the positive pole of power supply connects auxiliary anode 15, and the circuit that connects basic anode at positive source arranges a switch.When supersonic speed double anode plasma torch used, first Closing Switch and energising were equivalent to conventional single anode supersonic speed plasma torch this moment, after treating the electric arc working stability, cut-off switch is because the conductivity of plasma can regenerate electric arc arc root at auxiliary anode 15.Artificially arc root attachment position is transformed on the auxiliary anode 15 by basic anode 9.Like this, electric arc has been elongated artificially, makes that suffered joule of bringing-up section of working gas is elongated, and arc voltage also is improved, and under with the situation that does not increase operating current sacrificing cathode working life, has improved energy utilization efficiency.
Basis anode 9 and auxiliary anode 15, material is red copper.Pass through simulation calculation, configuration and the size of basic anode 9 have been optimized, anode shrink section 10 compression half-angles in basis are 30 °, anode expansion section 13 expansion half-angles in basis are 12 °, the supersonic speed plasma jet of working under normal pressure and can obtain 2.6 Mach numbers under this dimensional configuration meets the commercial Application standard.

Claims (6)

1. the anode of a supersonic speed plasma torch, it is characterized in that, comprise basic anode (9) and auxiliary anode (15), the hollow pipeline of described basic anode (9) basic anode annular water-cooled cavity (12) and basic anode annular water-cooled cavity (12) encirclement for loop configuration comprises, described auxiliary anode (15) is loop configuration, inside has auxiliary anode annular water-cooled cavity (16), and basic anode (9) and auxiliary anode (15) are separate; Described basic anode (9) hollow pipeline adopts the Lavalle structure, passing through comprises basic anode shrink section (10), basic anode direct tube section (11), basic anode expansion section (13) successively, and auxiliary anode (15) is fixed on basic anode expansion section (13) opening part by ceramic insulation sheet (14).
2. supersonic speed plasma torch, comprise anode, negative electrode and rifle body, it is characterized in that, described anode comprises basic anode (9) and auxiliary anode (15), described basic anode (9) comprises the hollow pipeline that basic anode annular water-cooled cavity (12) and basic anode annular water-cooled cavity (12) surround, auxiliary anode (15) is loop configuration, and inside has auxiliary anode annular water-cooled cavity (16), and basic anode (9) and auxiliary anode (15) are separate; The Lavalle structure is adopted in described basic anode (9) inner passage, passing through comprises basic anode shrink section (10), basic anode direct tube section (11), basic anode expansion section (13) successively, and auxiliary anode (15) is fixed on basic anode expansion section (13) opening part by ceramic insulation sheet (14); Described rifle body comprises conduction rifle core (2), insulating sleeve (5) and fixed muffle (18), basis anode (9) is connected on the insulating sleeve (5), fixed muffle (18) is contained on the periphery of auxiliary anode (15), and connect basic anode (9), fixed muffle (18) and auxiliary anode (15) are separated by O RunddichtringO (17), insulating sleeve (5) is contained on the periphery of conduction rifle core (2), and negative electrode is connected on the conduction rifle core (2), and is installed in the insulating sleeve (5).
3. supersonic speed plasma torch according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described annexation adopts and is threaded.
4. supersonic speed plasma torch according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, negative electrode comprises cathode (6), negative electrode air cooling passage (7) and cathode point hafnium filament (8), described cathode (6) is hollow pipeline, inside has negative electrode air cooling passage (7), and cathode point hafnium filament (8) is embedded in cathode (6) front end.
5. require described supersonic speed double anode plasma torch according to right 2, it is characterized in that, have gas channel (1) on conduction rifle core (2) vertical direction, conduction rifle core (2) 1/3 is the place highly, have four conduction rifle core pores (3) symmetrically, gas channel (1) is the upright position with four conduction rifle core pores (3) and communicates, cavity place between described insulating sleeve (5) and the conduction rifle core (2) has spiral air flow passage (4), and four conduction rifle core pores (3) communicate with eddy flow inlet channel (4).
6. supersonic speed plasma torch according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, it is 30 ° that basic anode (9) nozzle shrinks half-angle, and basic anode (9) and auxiliary anode (15) expansion half-angle are 12 °, and basic anode (9) nozzle throat directly is 2mm.
CN2013102203631A 2013-06-05 2013-06-05 Anode of supersonic plasma torch, and supersonic plasma torch Pending CN103269558A (en)

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Cited By (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103874313A (en) * 2014-03-06 2014-06-18 西安交通大学 Ultrasonic plasma gun feeding powder internally
CN104333967A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-02-04 周开根 Cathode with spiral flow guide structure
CN104602433A (en) * 2015-02-05 2015-05-06 成都真火科技有限公司 Plasma source anode cooling structure
CN104878180A (en) * 2015-05-25 2015-09-02 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 Electrical steel plasma stable suspension device and preparation method thereof
CN105025648A (en) * 2015-07-24 2015-11-04 南京理工大学 Supersonic plasma spray gun
CN105228329A (en) * 2015-10-30 2016-01-06 中国科学院力学研究所 A kind of method and arc plasma generator disperseing the electric arc raising generator life-span
CN105307373A (en) * 2014-06-06 2016-02-03 成都真火科技有限公司 Laminar plasma generator cathode shield protection structure
CN105451427A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-03-30 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 Ultrahigh enthalpy arc heater cathode
CN106714437A (en) * 2015-08-18 2017-05-24 南京理工大学 Input-power-adjustable dual-anode arc heating plasma torch
CN109005634A (en) * 2018-09-04 2018-12-14 深圳杜摩韦尔工程技术有限公司 Plasma gun, rotary target material plasma handling system
CN110181066A (en) * 2019-07-03 2019-08-30 广东省材料与加工研究所 High sphericity 3D printing tantalum powder, preparation method and application
CN110919017A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-03-27 北京工业大学 Method and device for preparing spherical metal powder by hot wire assisted plasma arc
CN114059024A (en) * 2022-01-17 2022-02-18 北京航空航天大学 Spray gun for plasma physical vapor deposition and thermal barrier coating preparation method
CN115190684A (en) * 2022-06-22 2022-10-14 武汉光盛通光电科技有限公司 Spiral airflow plasma torch
CN116921817A (en) * 2023-09-15 2023-10-24 中建安装集团有限公司 Automatic TIG welding arc concentration on-line monitoring and intelligent early warning method

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103874313A (en) * 2014-03-06 2014-06-18 西安交通大学 Ultrasonic plasma gun feeding powder internally
CN105307373A (en) * 2014-06-06 2016-02-03 成都真火科技有限公司 Laminar plasma generator cathode shield protection structure
CN104333967A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-02-04 周开根 Cathode with spiral flow guide structure
CN104602433A (en) * 2015-02-05 2015-05-06 成都真火科技有限公司 Plasma source anode cooling structure
CN104878180A (en) * 2015-05-25 2015-09-02 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 Electrical steel plasma stable suspension device and preparation method thereof
CN104878180B (en) * 2015-05-25 2017-04-12 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 Electrical steel plasma stable suspension device and preparation method thereof
CN105025648A (en) * 2015-07-24 2015-11-04 南京理工大学 Supersonic plasma spray gun
CN106714437A (en) * 2015-08-18 2017-05-24 南京理工大学 Input-power-adjustable dual-anode arc heating plasma torch
CN105228329A (en) * 2015-10-30 2016-01-06 中国科学院力学研究所 A kind of method and arc plasma generator disperseing the electric arc raising generator life-span
CN105451427A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-03-30 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 Ultrahigh enthalpy arc heater cathode
CN109005634A (en) * 2018-09-04 2018-12-14 深圳杜摩韦尔工程技术有限公司 Plasma gun, rotary target material plasma handling system
CN110181066A (en) * 2019-07-03 2019-08-30 广东省材料与加工研究所 High sphericity 3D printing tantalum powder, preparation method and application
CN110919017A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-03-27 北京工业大学 Method and device for preparing spherical metal powder by hot wire assisted plasma arc
CN110919017B (en) * 2019-12-20 2023-03-28 北京工业大学 Method and device for preparing spherical metal powder by hot wire assisted plasma arc
CN114059024A (en) * 2022-01-17 2022-02-18 北京航空航天大学 Spray gun for plasma physical vapor deposition and thermal barrier coating preparation method
CN114059024B (en) * 2022-01-17 2022-04-08 北京航空航天大学 Spray gun for plasma physical vapor deposition and thermal barrier coating preparation method
CN115190684A (en) * 2022-06-22 2022-10-14 武汉光盛通光电科技有限公司 Spiral airflow plasma torch
CN116921817A (en) * 2023-09-15 2023-10-24 中建安装集团有限公司 Automatic TIG welding arc concentration on-line monitoring and intelligent early warning method
CN116921817B (en) * 2023-09-15 2023-12-15 中建安装集团有限公司 Automatic TIG welding arc concentration on-line monitoring and intelligent early warning method

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Application publication date: 20130828