CN107112963A - 差分放大器 - Google Patents

差分放大器 Download PDF

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CN107112963A
CN107112963A CN201580068450.7A CN201580068450A CN107112963A CN 107112963 A CN107112963 A CN 107112963A CN 201580068450 A CN201580068450 A CN 201580068450A CN 107112963 A CN107112963 A CN 107112963A
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transistor
pair
long
difference amplifier
tail
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菲尔·柯比斯利
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Nordic Semiconductor ASA
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Abstract

本申请公开一种差分放大器包括：长尾对晶体管配置(2)，其包括晶体管(6、8)与尾部晶体管(10)的差分对；和副本电路(4)，其被配置以变化所述副本电路(4)中的反馈电流以使副本电压与参考电压匹配，其中变化所述副本电路(4)中的所述反馈电流将偏压电压提供到所述长尾对中的所述尾部晶体管(10)，所述偏压电压控制通过所述尾部晶体管(10)的尾电流以确定所述长尾对(2)中的共模电压。

Description

差分放大器
技术领域
本发明涉及差分放大器，且明确地说，涉及在差分放大器上的共模电压的控制。
背景技术
差分放大器放大两个输入信号之间的差且产生放大的差分信号作为输出。然而，常规地，这些装置在实践中不理想，且倾向于将共模信号叠加至(例如)差分输出上。共模信号为存在于两个输入端上的信号，其倾向于遮掩所关注的差分信号。共模信号常常由耦合到两个输入端的辐射而引起。共模信号也可归因于相同标称值的电阻器的电阻之间的差(归因于与其相关联的固有制造公差)或从呈具有有限(及温度相关)电阻的长尾对配置的尾部晶体管而引起。另一共模信号源为电源电压上的波动。设计差分放大器时的目标常常为尽可能多地减少这共模输出信号的存在。
在常规差分放大器中，本身已知利用叫作共模反馈(CMFB)的技术，其中使用反馈回路调整到差分放大器的输入以补偿感测的共模电压。此技术的实例在格雷、赫斯特、路易斯和迈尔的“模拟集成电路的分析和设计，第5版”(2009，Wiley&Sons)中给出。
然而，此类放大器常常难以稳定，从而需要跨输出端连接的补偿电容器和电阻器以测量共模输出，并且因而，患有带宽问题且在特定频率下可产生不合需要的不稳定性。反馈回路还倾向于需要相当大的功率，并且因而，不良好地适合于低功率应用(例如，电池供电的便携式装置)。此类放大器还患有在放大器饱和后长启动时间和长恢复周期的问题。
发明内容
本发明开始提供一种替代性方法。
从第一方面，本发明提供一种差分放大器，其包括：
长尾对晶体管配置，其包括晶体管与尾部晶体管的差分对；以及
副本电路，其被配置以变化所述副本电路中的反馈电流以使复本电压匹配参考电压，其中变化所述副本电路中的所述反馈电流将偏压电压提供到所述长尾对中的所述尾部晶体管，所述偏压电压控制通过所述尾部晶体管的尾电流以确定所述长尾对中的共模电压。
因此所属领域的技术人员将看出，根据本发明，副本电路模拟在给定时刻的长尾对的状态，且提供前馈控制以将长尾对的共模电压设定到特定值。这有利地允许副本电路补偿局部参数变化，例如，温度的波动，以及与装置的制造相关联的工艺变化。这还有利地去除与实施反馈电路相关联的不稳定性问题，当设计此电路时，需要精力来减轻这不稳定性问题。
所属领域的技术人员将了解，尾部晶体管表现为电流源，且通常安置于晶体管与电力供应器轨的差分对之间或通常接地。然而，这并非必要且设想到其它拓扑，例如，级联晶体管配置可位于差分对与尾部晶体管之间，通过当与单个尾部晶体管配置相比时增大电流源的输出电阻，这将导致增加的性能。
所属领域的技术人员还将了解，副本电路优选地包括按类似于(但未必相同于)其被设计成复制的电路中的方式的方式而布置的组件。
情况常常是，功率考虑为现代电路设计中的优先。使用反馈控制存在于差分放大器的输出端上的共模电压的常规差分放大器消耗比需要用于例如电池供电的装置的低功率应用少的功率。根据本发明提供的前馈控制的使用有利地减少差分放大器需要的功率，同时给予共模电压的充分控制。
存在许多配置差分放大器的方式。在一个实例中，提供单端输出，其中输出为两个输入信号之间的差异的放大型式并且是相对于预定值(常常是接地)；这在此项技术中被称为单端放大器。然而，常常需要配置差分放大器使得输出为两个输入信号之间的差异的放大型式，但输出围绕并非预定的值浮动；这在此项技术中被称为完全差分放大器。完全差分放大器常常有用，因为其准许放大器的双端输出接着用作到后续差分对的双端输入。换句话说，其有助于级联。完全差分放大器还提供单端放大器的两倍增益，而不需要例如电流反射镜的额外电路系统，在后者的情况下，将需要额外电路系统来提供类似增益。在一些实施例集合中，差分放大器被配置为完全差分放大器。
如上所陈述，可能需要特定放大器电路包含多于一个差分对级。根据本发明，将前馈控制应用于多于一个差分对是有可能的，从而去除对于每一差分对具备其自身的反馈控制以维持特定共模输出的需求。将相同前馈控制用于多个差分对有利地准许实施具有比在常规差分放大器设计的情况下将具有少的组件和低的功率要求的多级放大器。在一些实施例集合中，副本电路控制差分对和至少一个额外差分对中的共模电压。差分对方便地类似(例如，所有都包括长尾对)或相同，但可不同。
副本电路可用以提供存在于差分放大器的输出端上的共模电压的恒定控制。副本电路提供存在于差分放大器的输出端上的共模电压的副本且调整内部反馈回路中的反馈电流以将复本电压驱动到所要的参考电压。
为了不使用反馈控制存在于差分放大器的输出端上的共模电压，需要具有共模电压的局部副本。为了副本电压反映共模电压的当前状态，有利地使副本电路反映差分放大器的拓扑，但不必使副本电路包含全部差分对，因为差分对的仅一侧需要模拟共模电压。在一些实施例集合中，副本电路包含包括差分对的一半的一反馈回路。在一些实施例集合中，反馈回路进一步包括一放大器。
差分对晶体管可经由负荷连接到电力供应器电压。在常规差分放大器配置中，前述负荷通常为包括晶体管的有效负荷。然而，本申请人已了解，在一些情况下，在用电阻器替换此类晶体管中可存在优点。在放大器配置中，这将并非典型，因为电阻器减小增益和驱动强度。然而，在于过滤器应用中使用电路的情况下，高增益并非必要，且固定电阻器提供由副本电路控制的尾电流与存在于差分放大器的输出端上的共模电压之间的线性关系。因此，在一些实施例集合中，晶体管的差分对中的至少一个经由电阻器连接到电力供应器电压。
所属领域的技术人员应了解，获得电力要求的实质减少，这是因为单个副本电路可驱动多个差分对，而非每一差分对需要其自身的反馈电路。技术人员还将了解，在差分对外部产生副本电压允许使用比在常规差分放大器电路中将必要低的功率组件来获得相同电压。这是因为为副本电路的部分的任何组件(例如，电阻器或晶体管)可都经按比例调整，使得减少副本电路的功率消耗，同时电路的效果保持相同。虽然归因于放大器，副本电路可需要比常规反馈回路多的功率，但技术人员将了解，用同一副本电路驱动多个差分对可抵消此功率要求增大。在一些实施例集合中，可对副本电路按比例调整以使用比长尾对电流少的电流。在一些另外的实施例集合中，对副本电路按比例调整以使用小于50％的长尾对电流。
存在可用于半导体装置的制造的许多不同晶体管技术。然而，对于低功率应用，场效应晶体管(FET)为最合适技术，这是归因于其低电流操作要求。在一些实施例集合中，差分放大器包括场效应晶体管。
从第二方面，本发明提供一种电池供电的集成电路，其包括如上所述的差分放大器。
附图说明
现将仅借助于实例，参看附图描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1是本发明的示范性实施例的电路图。
具体实施方式
图1展示本发明的示范性实施例的电路图。差分放大器包括长尾对2和副本电路4。副本电路4提供连接到长尾对2的尾部晶体管10的输出端，如下文将进一步详细描述。
长尾对2包括N通道场效应晶体管6、8的差分对，所述场效应晶体管经布置使得其源极相互连接且随后经由尾部晶体管10连接到接地14。每一相应晶体管的漏极接着经由相应电阻器16、18连接到正电力供应器12。N通道FET 6、8中的每一个的栅极接着分别连接到正相信号输入20和负相信号输入22。这差分输入以所属领域的技术人员本身已知的方式驱动长尾对。
副本电路4包括布置有类似于长尾对的一半的反馈回路的高增益放大器28，其含有以类似于差分对晶体管6、8的方式执行的晶体管30。高增益放大器28连接到正电力供应器12和接地14，且在其负输入端上具备参考电压36。这参考电压36是长尾对2的共模电压将驱动到的电压。
高增益放大器28的输出驱动反馈回路内的副本尾部晶体管32，以及如以下将进一步描述的长尾对2的尾部晶体管10。副本尾部晶体管32变化在反馈回路周围流动的电流量(这归因于电阻器38)，变化副本电压34。高增益放大器28放大副本电压34与参考电压36之间的差，因此其间的任何差异将使副本尾部晶体管32行动，以便抵抗电压之间的任何差异，从而驱动副本电压34以匹配参考电压36。
来自高增益放大器28的输出还连接到如上所提到的尾部晶体管10。这确保对副本尾部晶体管32执行的操作反映为对尾部晶体管10执行的类似操作，因此控制流过长尾对2的电流。归因于固定电阻器16、18，这受控制的电流类似于控制存在于长尾对2的输出端24、26上的共模电压，且驱动共模电压以匹配副本电压34与参考电压36。
副本电路4内的晶体管30、32和电阻器38按比例缩小到使用长尾对电流的1/4。这减少了副本电路4的功率消耗，同时维持控制长尾对2中的共模电压的能力。
额外差分对40可由同一副本电路4通过将其连接到额外尾部晶体管42、44、46来驱动。高增益放大器28的输出端连接到另外尾部晶体管42、44、46的栅极，从而在其相应的输出端提供与提供到长尾对2的输出端相同的共模电压。
因此将看出，已描述了具有前馈共模信号控制的差分放大器。虽然已详细地描述了特定实施例，但在本发明的范围内，许多变化和修改是可能的。
副本电路提供存在于长尾对的输出端上的共模电压的实时模型。反馈回路内的高增益放大器比较共模电压的副本与参考电压且更改其输出电压以朝向后者的值驱动前者，即，高增益放大器的输出电压取决于副本电压与参考电压之间的差。这接着使尾部晶体管变化可流过其的电流。这受控制的电流接着朝向参考电压的值驱动存在于长尾对的输出端上的实际共模电压。在实践中，这使输出信号围绕其居中的电压更高或更低地移位到参考电压的值。

Claims (10)

1.一种差分放大器，其包括：
长尾对晶体管配置，其包括晶体管与尾部晶体管的差分对；以及
副本电路，其被配置以变化所述副本电路中的反馈电流以使复本电压匹配参考电压，其中变化所述副本电路中的所述反馈电流将偏压电压提供到所述长尾对中的所述尾部晶体管，所述偏压电压控制通过所述尾部晶体管的尾电流以确定所述长尾对中的共模电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的差分放大器，其被配置为完全差分放大器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的差分放大器，其中所述副本电路控制所述差分对和至少一个额外差分对中的所述共模电压。
4.根据任一前述权利要求所述的差分放大器，其中所述副本电路包含包括差分对的一半的反馈回路。
5.根据权利要求4所述的差分放大器，其中所述反馈回路进一步包括放大器。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的差分放大器，其中晶体管的所述差分对中的至少一个经由电阻器连接到电力供应器电压。
7.根据任一前述权利要求所述的差分放大器，其中所述副本电路经按比例调整以使用比长尾对电流少的电流。
8.根据权利要求7所述的差分放大器，其中所述副本电路经按比例调整以使用少于50％的所述长尾对电流。
9.根据任一前述权利要求所述的差分放大器，其包括场效应晶体管。
10.一种电池供电的集成电路，其包括根据权利要求1到9中任一权利要求所述的差分放大器。
CN201580068450.7A 2014-12-15 2015-12-14 差分放大器 Pending CN107112963A (zh)

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