CN107109889B - 丝杆和电动机之间的离合器机构 - Google Patents

丝杆和电动机之间的离合器机构 Download PDF

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CN107109889B
CN107109889B CN201580057813.7A CN201580057813A CN107109889B CN 107109889 B CN107109889 B CN 107109889B CN 201580057813 A CN201580057813 A CN 201580057813A CN 107109889 B CN107109889 B CN 107109889B
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gear
dog clutch
bellcrank
clutch gear
axis
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CN107109889A (zh
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彼得·海德里希
彼得·M·詹尼斯
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Westinghouse Air Brake Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/655—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings specially adapted for vehicle wings
    • E05F15/657—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings specially adapted for vehicle wings enabling manual drive, e.g. in case of power failure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/632—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings
    • E05F15/652—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for horizontally-sliding wings operated by screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/14—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable only axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/214—Disengaging means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/214—Disengaging means
    • E05Y2201/216—Clutches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/23—Actuation thereof
    • E05Y2201/246—Actuation thereof by auxiliary motors, magnets, springs or weights
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/46—Magnets
    • E05Y2201/462—Electromagnets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/624—Arms
    • E05Y2201/626—Levers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/628—Bearings
    • E05Y2201/636—Universal or ball joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/676—Transmission of human force
    • E05Y2201/68—Handles, cranks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/71—Toothed gearing
    • E05Y2201/716—Pinions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2400/00—Electronic control; Electrical power; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
    • E05Y2400/10—Electronic control
    • E05Y2400/30—Electronic control of motors
    • E05Y2400/3013—Electronic control of motors during manual wing operation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/51—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles for railway cars or mass transit vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F16D2023/123—Clutch actuation by cams, ramps or ball-screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062—Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/2071—Disconnecting drive source from the actuator, e.g. using clutches for release of drive connection during manual control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于联接和分离电动机和丝杠的离合器机构，具有可由线性致动器、钟形曲柄和联动轴接合的犬牙式离合器齿轮。通过使联动轴与钟形曲柄的中心部分对齐来抵抗窄的犬牙齿产生的分离力。

Description

丝杆和电动机之间的离合器机构
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求提交于2014年10月29日的美国临时申请号62/069,953的权益，其通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及在丝杠和电动机之间用于驱动丝杠的离合器机构。本发明尤其适用于实现在如公共汽车的公共运输车上的塞拉门的手动打开。通过丝杠的交替旋转驱动这样的滑动门打开和关闭。
背景技术
题为“运输车门(Transit Vehicle Door)”的美国专利号6,032,416中详细地描述了用于运输车的塞拉门，该专利转让给本发明的同一受让人。
从上文引用的现有技术发明可以理解，运输车上的外侧塞拉门是通过使用一般通过变速箱联接至丝杠和螺母驱动的电动机驱动的。丝杠和螺母驱动安装在线性滑道上的门滑架。该系统的缺点是当需要手动打开门时，如在紧急情况时，电动机和变速箱不会与丝杠分离。因此，只能在强制转动丝杠时使门反向驱动。这需要强大的手动施力。
本发明的优势是提供了一种插入在电动机和变速箱的输出端和丝杠之间的离合器机构，其使紧急手动打开滑动门更方便。
发明内容
根据本发明，简单来说，在固定于基部的电动机的可旋转的输出轴和可旋转地轴接于基部的丝杠之间的离合器机构包括：丝杠齿轮；用于与电动机的输出轴旋转的驱动齿轮；直接或间接地驱动丝杠的轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮，所述轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器具有轴向远离丝杠延伸并且在轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器的表面上沿圆周间隔排列的多个犬牙齿，所述表面垂直于齿轮的旋转轴，所述轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮在圆周上具有用于与丝杠齿轮上的齿轮齿接合的齿轮齿；用于接合或脱离可滑动的犬牙式离合器的轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮，所述固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮具有轴向朝向丝杠延伸并且在固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮的表面上沿圆周间隔排列的多个犬牙齿，所述表面垂直于齿轮的旋转轴，所述固定的犬牙式离合器在圆周上具有用于与驱动齿轮上的齿轮齿接合的齿轮齿；可旋转地安装于基部的钟形曲柄，所述钟形曲柄具有至少两个径向的延伸部；具有从线性致动器的第一末端延伸的轴的线性致动器，所述线性致动器具有用于在未被供给动力时使轴延伸的偏置装置，线性致动器的轴枢轴连接于钟形曲柄的延伸部；在一个末端枢轴连接于钟形曲柄的延伸部和通过在另一个末端的万向接头与连接于钟形曲柄的延伸部的联动轴连接。当线性致动器未被供给动力时，联动轴由于线性致动器中的偏置装置，迫使犬牙式离合器齿轮上的犬牙齿脱离，这使得能够紧急手动打开滑动门。
优选地，犬牙式离合器齿轮上的犬牙齿具有具有径向朝轴逐渐变细并且沿轴方向的平面接触面，这样的犬牙齿远离犬牙式离合器齿轮表面而逐渐变窄，以促进脱离。
优选地，联动轴和线性致动器轴以大于90度、小于180度的角度间隔地枢轴连接于钟形曲柄，如此当犬牙齿齿轮联接时，则处于一个停止位置，当犬牙齿齿轮分离时，则处于第二位置，联动轴的轴经过钟形曲柄的外缘。
附图说明
以下参考附图进一步详细描述特征和其他目的以及优势，其中：
图1显示了根据现有技术的运输车的墙壁上的一对双向门，具有在电动机和丝杠之间的直接连接；
图2显示了根据现有技术的单扇门、机、丝杠、支持杆和悬架、门悬架和锁总成，具有在电动机和丝杠之间的直接连接；
图3是包括根据本发明的丝杠和电动机之间的离合器机构的齿轮的透视图；
图4示出了根据本发明的整个离合器机构，其包括处于联接位置的线性致动器、钟形曲柄和联动轴；以及
图5示出了根据本发明的整个离合器机构处于分离位置。
具体实施方式
作为背景，图1显示了大体上指定为10的运输车门系统，其用于覆盖和揭开供运输车16的车壁14内的乘客外出和进入的开口12。门系统10具有第一门20，所述第一门用于朝第一门关闭方向22移动到至少部分地覆盖开口12的第一门关闭位置，以及用于朝第一门打开方向26移动到至少部分地打开开口12的第一门打开位置，所述第一门打开方向26与所述第一门关闭方向22相反。
作为背景，图1和图2显示了第一门20，通过使连接件42在第一门外悬架44和第一门内悬架46上滑动、使杆40沿运输车16的纵向定向，使所述第一门20由杆40悬挂。杆40由杆件悬架48悬挂。杆40和第一门外悬架44和第一门内悬架46的滑动连接件42的接触面应该是光滑的，并且优选包括低摩擦材料。
门系统10还具有第二门30，它与驱动丝杠60相连，用于朝与第一门20相反的方向作纵向移动，当第一门20朝第一门关闭方向22移动时，使第二门30朝着第二门关闭方向32移动到至少部分地覆盖开口12的第二门关闭位置，当第一门20朝第一门打开方向26移动时，使第二门30朝着第二门打开方向36移动到一至少部分地开启开口12的第二门打开位置。第二门关闭方向32大体上与第一门关闭方向22相反，第二门打开方向36大体上与第一门打开方向26相反。因此，第一门20和第二门30协作以覆盖和打开开口12，如图1和图2所示。丝杠60包括用于第一门20的螺母总成(未示出)和用于第二门30的螺母总成。启动丝杠的螺母总成与分别的门相互连接，根据由电动机66驱动的丝杠的旋转方向，将门携带至打开位置或关闭位置。
现在参考图3，离合器机构70位于固定于基部的电动机66的可旋转输出轴68和可旋转地轴接于基部的丝杠60之间。基部是车壁14或相对于车壁14固定的结构。
丝杠齿轮71具有沿圆周间隔排列的多个宽齿轮齿72。丝杠齿轮用于随丝杠旋转。
驱动齿轮73具有沿圆周间隔排列的多个齿轮齿74。所述驱动齿轮用于随电动机66的输出轴68旋转。
沿轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮75直接或间接地驱动丝杠。固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮75具有远离固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮表面沿轴向延伸并且在固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮表面上沿圆周间隔排列的多个犬牙齿76。所述表面垂直于齿轮的旋转轴。固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮75具有沿圆周的用于与驱动齿轮73上的齿轮齿74接合的齿轮齿77。
轴向滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮78相对于基部轴向被可滑动地紧固，以用于与固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮75接合或脱离。可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮78具有在可滑动犬牙式离合器齿轮表面上沿轴向延伸并且沿圆周间隔排列的多个犬牙齿79。所述表面垂直于齿轮的旋转轴。可滑动犬牙式离合器78具有沿圆周的用于与丝杠齿轮71上的宽齿轮齿72接合的齿轮齿80。
滑动犬牙式离合器齿轮78和固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮75分别连接于滑动轴和固定轴。附接于它们和所述滑动轴或所述固定轴之间的轴承使它们旋转。
现在参考图4和图5，钟形曲柄50可旋转地安装于基部。钟形曲柄具有至少两个径向的延伸部。线性致动器52具有由线性致动器的第一末端延伸的致动器轴53。线性致动器52在另一端枢轴安装于基部的延伸部51。线性致动器52具有偏置装置，例如，螺旋弹簧53a，其用于在未被供给动力时使致动器轴53延伸出致动器。致动器轴53枢轴连接于钟形曲柄50的延伸部51。可以为致动器52提供动力，例如通过电螺线管。当致动器无动力时，偏置装置使致动器轴53延伸。
联动轴在一端枢轴连接于钟形曲柄50的延伸部55，并且在另一端通过万向接头57连接于第二犬牙式离合器齿轮78。因此，当线性致动器无动力时，线性致动器中的偏置装置导致联动轴54使致动器轴53延伸，并且使钟形曲柄50旋转，收回联动轴54，迫使第一犬牙式离合器齿轮75和第二犬牙式离合器齿轮78上的犬牙齿脱离，使得能够手动打开门。
根据优选的实施方式，犬牙式离合器齿轮上的犬牙齿具有径向朝轴逐渐变细并且沿轴方向的平面接触面。犬牙齿因此远离犬牙式离合器齿轮表面而逐渐变窄，以促进脱离。然而，当在两个犬牙式离合器齿轮上的犬牙齿在倾斜于运动方向的平面上接触时，则存在使犬牙式离合器齿轮分开的小的轴向力。
根据另一种优选的实施方式，联动轴54和线性致动器轴53以关于钟形曲柄50的轴大于90度、小于180度的角度间隔地枢轴连接于钟形曲柄50，如此当犬牙齿齿轮联接时，则钟形曲柄处于如图4所示的停止位置，联动轴54的轴从中心经过钟形曲柄。如图5所示，当在犬牙齿齿轮分离的第二位置时，联动轴54的轴经过接近钟形曲柄50的外缘。钟形曲柄具有当钟形曲柄50旋转至联接位置时与固定在基部的止挡件接合的第三延伸部56。
在联接位置，通过联动轴54传送分离力，因此即便要施力的话，可以施加非常小的扭矩力以旋转钟形曲柄50。另一方面，在联接位置，通过致动器轴53施加以抵抗分离的扭矩力是最大的。
由此，已经借助细节和专利法需要的特征描述了我们的发明，希望由专利证书保护的内容在以下权利要求中陈述。

Claims (4)

1.一种离合器机构，在固定于基部的电动机的可旋转输出轴和可旋转地轴接于所述基部的丝杠之间，其特征在于，所述离合器机构包括：
丝杠齿轮(71)，其具有沿圆周间隔排列的多个宽齿轮齿，所述丝杠齿轮用于随所述丝杠旋转；
驱动齿轮(73)，其具有沿圆周间隔排列的多个齿轮齿，所述驱动齿轮用于随电动机的输出轴旋转；
轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮(78)，其直接或间接地驱动丝杠(60)，所述可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮具有远离丝杠沿轴向延伸并且在可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮表面上沿圆周间隔排列的多个犬牙齿，所述表面垂直于齿轮的旋转轴，所述可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮具有沿圆周的齿轮齿，用于与所述丝杠齿轮(71)上的齿轮齿接合；
轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮(75)，其用于与轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮(78)接合或脱离，所述轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮具有朝向丝杠轴向延伸并且在轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮表面上沿圆周间隔排列的多个犬牙齿，所述表面垂直于齿轮的旋转轴，所述轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮具有沿圆周的齿轮齿，用于与驱动齿轮(73)上的齿轮齿接合；
钟形曲柄(50)，其可旋转地安装于所述基部，所述钟形曲柄具有至少两个径向的延伸部；
线性致动器(52)，其具有从其第一末端延伸的轴，所述线性致动器在另一端枢轴安装于所述基部，所述线性致动器具有用于在未被供给动力时使轴延伸的偏置装置，所述线性致动器的轴枢轴连接于所述钟形曲柄的延伸部；以及
联动轴(54)在一端枢轴连接于所述钟形曲柄的延伸部，并且在另一端通过万向接头连接于轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器，
由此，当线性致动器未被供给动力时，所述线性致动器中的偏置装置导致所述联动轴迫使所述轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮(78)和轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮(75)上的犬牙齿脱离，使得能够紧急手动打开滑动门。
2.根据权利要求1所述的离合器机构，其特征在于，所述轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮(78)和轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮(75)上的犬牙齿具有径向朝轴逐渐变细并且沿轴方向的平面接触面，所述犬牙齿因此远离所述轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮(78)和轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮(75)表面而逐渐变窄以促进脱离。
3.根据权利要求1所述的离合器机构，其特征在于，所述联动轴和所述线性致动器的轴以大于90度小于180度的角度间隔地枢轴连接于所述钟形曲柄，如此当所述轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮(78)和轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮(75)联接时，则所述联动轴的轴从中心穿过所述钟形曲柄，当在所述轴向可滑动的犬牙式离合器齿轮(78)和轴向固定的犬牙式离合器齿轮(75)分离的第二位置时，所述联动轴的轴经过所述钟形曲柄的外缘。
4.根据权利要求3所述的离合器机构，其特征在于，所述钟形曲柄具有第三延伸部，当所述钟形曲柄旋转至联接位置时，所述第三延伸部与固定至所述基部的止挡件接合。
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