CN107109710B - 制备具有除臭性和快速吸汗的功能性纱线的方法 - Google Patents

制备具有除臭性和快速吸汗的功能性纱线的方法 Download PDF

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CN107109710B
CN107109710B CN201580061523.XA CN201580061523A CN107109710B CN 107109710 B CN107109710 B CN 107109710B CN 201580061523 A CN201580061523 A CN 201580061523A CN 107109710 B CN107109710 B CN 107109710B
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zirconium phosphate
inorganic particles
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李泰均
李敏硕
朴峻永
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Xiaoxing Tianxi (zhu)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种功能性纱线的制备方法，其中使用具有多层结构的磷酸锆作为除臭材料，熔融的聚合物通过具有多叶截面形状的纺丝喷嘴进行纺丝。根据本发明，该熔融的聚合物包含低硬度的层状细磷酸锆无机颗粒，且因此使在纤维生产过程中生产加工设备的磨损最小化，还显示了优异的除臭特性以及优异的吸汗和速干特性。

Description

制备具有除臭性和快速吸汗的功能性纱线的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制备具有除臭性以及吸汗和速干性的功能性纱线的方法，具体而言，涉及一种包含低硬度的层状磷酸锆作为除臭材料的功能性纱线的制备方法，其在纺丝和后处理工序中不会引起生产设备的磨损，并且具有优异的除臭特性以及优异的吸汗和速干特性。
背景技术
最近，随着对高品质生活的需求的增加，除了满足基本需求以外，消费者追求的是高功能、高情感、舒适、美观和定制的纤维和衣服的概念。因此，对功能性纤维的需求增加，功能性纤维的市场已经扩大。在这种背景下，开发具有自除臭功能的纤维或织物(即除臭纤维)已引起关注，已经开发了通过各种方法(包括化学、生物技术和生物学方法)除去气味的纤维和产品。
通常，通过向热塑性树脂中添加呈现除臭功能的添加剂或通过用添加剂涂覆纱线来制备除臭纱线。常规使用的除臭材料包括四价金属的磷酸盐、二价金属的氢氧化物、光催化剂磷酸锆等。作为支持这些除臭材料的无机材料，已知有沸石、滑石、羟基磷灰石、硅胶、活性炭等。
然而，这些除臭材料的除臭功能不能持久，且光催化剂存在对由其制成的纱线造成损坏的问题。另外，尽管磷酸锆具有优异的除臭功能，但其硬度高。因此，在将磷酸锆用于纱线时，出现了在后处理工艺中磷酸锆引起用于生产纱线的纺丝机或加工设备的磨损的问题。
同时，聚酯纤维由于其优异的机械和化学性能而被广泛用于服装和工业目的。然而，聚酯由于其高杨氏模量而具有提供硬触感的缺点。此外，聚酯在其分子中具有很少或没有极性官能团，由此具有较差的吸湿性。因此，当聚酯用于服装目的时，因为它很少吸汗或吸湿，所以会出现聚酯在穿着时提供不舒服的问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术的上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种功能性纱线的制备方法，其具有优异的除臭特性以及优异的吸汗和速干特性，并降低了生产工艺设备的磨损，从而提高了加工性能。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的一个方面涉及一种具有除臭性以及吸汗和速干性的功能性纱线的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
将特性粘度为0.70～0.95dL/g的聚酯与基于纱线纤维的固体含量为1～20重量％的具有多层结构的细磷酸锆无机颗粒混合，从而制备母料片(chip)；
将母料片与普通的聚酯片混合以获得混合物，并在250～270℃的温度下熔融该混合物，从而制备熔融的聚合物；以及
以285～315℃的纺丝温度以及相当于2,500～4,000m/min的纺丝速度的调整后的拉伸比，通过具有多叶(multi-lobal)截面形状的纺丝喷嘴对该熔融的聚合物进行熔融纺丝。
根据本发明的制备具有吸汗和速干特性以及除臭特性的功能性纱线的方法，使用低硬度的层状磷酸锆作为除臭材料，因此可以使生产设备的磨损在纺纱和后处理过程中最小化。此外，在多层结构的相邻层之间结合有多个氢原子，并且显示出优异的除臭功能。另外，纱线通过具有多叶截面形状的纺丝喷嘴制造，因此纱线的吸汗和速干性能也得到改善。
具体实施方式
下面参照实施方式详细说明本发明的具有除臭性以及吸汗和速干性的合成纤维的制备方法。尽可能地选择目前广泛使用的一般术语作为本发明使用的术语。然而，在特殊情况下，可以由申请人自主选择的术语，在这种情况下，应通过考虑本发明的详细描述中记载或使用的含义来解释术语的含义，而不是简单地通过考虑其命名来解释其含义。
在制备根据本发明的功能性纱线中，首先使用挤出机制备将高浓度的细磷酸锆无机颗粒与混合的聚酯树脂混合的母料片。将制备的母料片与普通聚酯片混合以获得混合物，并将该混合物熔化，然后通过具有多叶截面形状的纺丝喷嘴进行纺丝，从而获得纱线。
本发明的特征在于使用具有多层结构的细磷酸锆无机颗粒以赋予纱线除臭特性。与常规的磷酸锆不同，多层磷酸锆具有多层结构。这种多层结构是由数十到数百个磷酸锆单层彼此重叠形成的结构。该多层结构可以薄层的形式剥离，因此其硬度低。此外，多层结构的相邻层之间结合有多个氢原子，从而可以通过键合的氢原子改善除臭功能。
本发明中使用的磷酸锆的莫氏硬度为4～6，优选为5。另外，磷酸锆的特征在于能除去气味的面积量达到185ml/g。
如果磷酸锆的莫氏硬度超过6，则在纤维生产过程中会增加生产设备的磨损。
细磷酸锆无机颗粒的直径优选为0.1～2.0μm。当细磷酸锆无机颗粒的直径小于0.1μm时，除臭功能降低。相反，当其直径大于2.0μm时，细磷酸锆无机颗粒与聚酯树脂的分散性降低。
为了防止由于在母料片的制备过程中粘度降低而引起的可纺性和物理性能降低，聚酯树脂的粘度优选为0.70～0.95dL/g。此外，细磷酸锆无机颗粒通常以基于纱线纤维的固体成分为1～20重量％的量使用。
在母料片的制备中，也可以使用聚酯片。在这种情况下，聚酯片可以预先进行研磨然后使用，从而使得细无机颗粒和树脂可以容易地彼此混合。此外，为了提高细磷酸锆无机颗粒的分散性，将细磷酸锆无机颗粒和聚酯树脂在旋转混合器中相互混合，并引入到双螺杆挤出机中以制备母料片。
将所制备的母料片与普通的聚酯片混合，使得细磷酸锆无机颗粒的含量基于纱线纤维的固体含量为0.1～3重量％。母料片和普通的聚酯片的混合物在250～270℃的温度下熔融以制备熔融的聚合物。当细磷酸锆无机颗粒的含量超过3重量％时，混合物的可纺性降低。
在通过以0.4～0.6m/min的速度吹入温度为20℃的冷却空气并涂布纺丝油来冷却制备的熔融的聚合物之后，以285～315℃的纺丝温度以及对应于2,500～4,000m/min的纺丝速度的调整后的拉伸比，通过具有多叶截面形状的纺丝喷嘴对该熔融的聚合物进行熔融纺丝，从而制得最终单丝纤度为0.5～2旦尼尔的纱线。
根据本发明，为了使纤维具有除了圆形截面形状以外的多叶片形状，使用具有多叶截面形状的纺丝喷嘴进行纺丝。可以使用通常在本发明所属领域中使用的具有多叶截面形状的任何纺丝喷嘴作为具有多叶截面形状的纺丝喷嘴。优选地，使用由申请人最初开发并且生产具有苜蓿叶形或十字形的多叶截面形状的纤维的纺丝喷嘴。通过具有苜蓿叶形或十字形多叶截面形状的纺丝喷嘴进行纺丝的纱线，由于纱线部分的表面积增加，因此在施加到产品上时具有优异的吸汗和速干特性。
如上所述制备的具有吸汗和速干性以及除臭性的聚酯合成纤维含有包含氢的层状锆无机细颗粒，因此具有非常优异的除臭功能。所生产的聚酯合成纤维的单丝纤度为0.5～2旦尼尔，并且显示出相当于除去了85％以上的氨和70％以上的乙酸的除臭性。另外，其具有50％以上的吸湿性和干燥性，相当于吸汗和速干特性。同时，可以使用生产的聚酯合成纤维来制备各种织造和针织织物。
下面将参照实施例详细描述本发明。这些实施例仅用于具体说明本发明，并不限制本发明的权利要求书的范围。
<实施例1：功能性纱线的制备>
将2kg的直径为1.0μm的多层结构细磷酸锆无机颗粒与8g特性粘度为0.8dL/g的聚酯树脂混合，由此制备含有20重量％的细磷酸锆无机颗粒的母料片。为了在制备母料片期间增加细磷酸锆无机颗粒的分散，将细磷酸锆无机颗粒和聚酯树脂在旋转混合器中相互混合并引入到双螺杆挤出机中，并使用200目过滤器。将得到的母料片与普通的聚酯片混合，使得细磷酸锆无机颗粒的含量相对于纱线纤维的固体成分为0.5重量％。所述片的混合物在265～270℃的温度下熔融，从而制备熔融的聚合物。
将熔融的聚合物以305℃的纺丝温度、3,100m/min的纺丝速度通过具有三叶草叶片形截面的纺丝喷嘴熔融纺丝，同时控制排出量，使得最终的单丝纤度为1旦尼尔，由此生产聚酯纱线。将冷却空气的温度调节至20℃，且将冷却延迟部分紧邻设置在纺丝喷嘴的下方并调节至长度为50mm。此外，将冷却空气排出面与细丝之间的最大距离调整为30mm。
<实施例2：功能性纱线的制备>
以与实施例1相同的方式制备功能性纱线，不同之处在于以使得细磷酸锆无机颗粒的含量相对于纱线纤维的固体成分为1重量％进行混合。
<实施例3：功能性纱线的制备>
以与实施例1相同的方式制备功能性纱线，不同之处在于以使得细磷酸锆无机颗粒的含量相对于纱线纤维的固体成分为2重量％进行混合。
<比较例1：使用普通的细磷酸锆无机颗粒制备纱线>
以与实施例1同样的方式制备功能性纱线，不同之处在于使用具有多层结构的细磷酸锆无机颗粒以外的磷酸锆颗粒。
测量如上所述进行的实施例和比较例中制备的聚酯纱线的纺丝加工性、除臭功能、吸湿性和耐磨性，测定结果示于下表1中。评价各自物理特性的方法如下：
1)纺丝加工性
基于纺丝期间的断纱次数评价纺丝加工性。
将1次断纱/日的情况评价为优异的情况，将1～3次断纱/日的情况评价为适度，而将3次以上的断纱/日的情况评价为差。
2)除臭功能
使用以下方程式评估除臭功能：
{(空白试验中残留气体的浓度-实施例或比较例中残留气体的浓度)/空白试验中残留气体的浓度}x 100
3)吸湿性
吸湿后的样品重量相对于原始样品重量在同一时间段的增加以wt％表示。
4)耐磨性
将各纱线以恒定的张力和速度在铜线上移动，并且使用铜线断裂时测定的移动距离进行评价。
表1
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 比较例1
纺丝加工性 优异 优异 优异 适度
除臭功能 80 87 93 13
吸湿性 85 85 85 80
耐磨性 优异 优异 优异 差
虽然上面已经详细描述了本发明的优选实施例，但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，本发明的范围不限于上述实施例，并且本发明的构造可以各种方式进行改变和修改，而不脱离本发明的精神或范围。因此，本发明的保护范围应根据所附权利要求及其等同物的范围来定义。

Claims (3)

1.一种具有除臭性、吸汗和速干性的功能性纱线的制备方法，
该方法包括以下工序：
将特性粘度为0.70～0.95dL/g的聚酯与基于纱线纤维的固体含量为1～20重量％的具有多层结构的细磷酸锆无机颗粒混合，从而制备母料片；
将母料片与普通的聚酯片混合以获得混合物，并在250～270℃的温度下熔融该混合物，由此制备熔融的聚合物；以及
以285～315℃的纺丝温度以及相当于2,500～4,000m/min的纺丝速度的调整后的拉伸比，通过具有多叶截面形状的纺丝喷嘴对该熔融的聚合物进行熔融纺丝，
其中，所述细磷酸锆无机颗粒具有由数十到数百个磷酸锆单层彼此重叠形成的结构，且所述细磷酸锆无机颗粒的莫氏硬度为4～6，
并且其中，在所述多层结构的相邻层之间结合有多个氢原子，
并且其中，所述功能性纱线的单丝纤度为0.5～2旦尼尔，显示出相当于除去了85％以上的氨和70％以上的乙酸的除臭功能，以及具有50％以上的吸湿和干燥特性，
并且其中，制备熔融的聚合物包括将所述母料片与普通的聚酯片混合，使得细磷酸锆无机颗粒的含量基于纱线纤维的固体含量为0.1～0.5重量％。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述细磷酸锆无机颗粒的直径为0.1～2.0μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述纺丝喷嘴的多叶截面形状为苜蓿叶形或十字形。
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