CN107107569A - 具有防碎薄玻璃片材的层压玻璃板 - Google Patents

具有防碎薄玻璃片材的层压玻璃板 Download PDF

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CN107107569A
CN107107569A CN201580071639.1A CN201580071639A CN107107569A CN 107107569 A CN107107569 A CN 107107569A CN 201580071639 A CN201580071639 A CN 201580071639A CN 107107569 A CN107107569 A CN 107107569A
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glass
glass sheet
sheet
glass pane
laminated
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CN107107569B (zh
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P.肖萨德
S.多迪弗雷
B.吕班
M.鲁比
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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Abstract

本发明涉及：层压玻璃板，其包含1‑10个厚度为1.5‑22mm的第一玻璃片材和厚度为0.5‑1.5mm的第二玻璃片材，第一玻璃片材必要时通过一个或多个第一粘合中间层彼此粘合，该第二玻璃片材形成该层压玻璃板的两个面中的一个，并通过第二粘合中间层粘合到所述第一玻璃片材上，所述第二玻璃片材由化学增强的钠钙玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃制成，其具有分别为200‑500和300‑1000MPa的表面应力和为20‑100μm的压缩深度；和‑这种层压玻璃板作为用于陆地、空中或水中运输交通工具或用于建筑物的防碎和防烟窗玻璃的应用，其中由所述第二玻璃片材形成的该玻璃板的面为面向交通工具或建筑物的内部的面。

Description

具有防碎薄玻璃片材的层压玻璃板
本发明涉及玻璃板，特别是层压玻璃板的防碎功能。它涉及玻璃板吸收抛射物的冲击的能力的问题，而不会在与冲击相反的一侧产生对于附近的用户潜在造成创伤的破碎物。
本发明特别涉及陆地、空中和水中运输交通工具的前窗玻璃，以及建筑窗玻璃。如果玻璃板的速度很高，如对于飞机或高速火车等的挡风玻璃，则对防碎功能的需求更大。
目前，防碎功能是通过以下事实实现的：玻璃板的背面，即面向与预期冲击的一侧（即面向隔室或建筑物内部）相反的一侧，由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯片材构成，该聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯片材涂覆有聚硅氧烷类型防划漆(CPET，表示涂覆的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)或聚碳酸酯(PC)防划漆。
这些聚合物材料容易起火并释放或多或少有毒的烟雾。因此，它们不符合火-烟规定(qualifiés feu-fumée)，但是，根据2013年4月版的标准EN 45 545-2第4.7节，作为例外，允许开发同时符合烟-火规定的并防碎的材料。
此外，CPET不能并入具有明显或很大的双曲率(球面曲率)的层压体中。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有符合火-烟规定(qualifiés feu-fumée)并与球形曲率兼容的抗碎解决方案。
该目的通过本发明得到实现，因此本发明的一个主题是层压玻璃板，其包含一至十个厚度为1.5至22mm的第一玻璃片材和厚度为0.5-1.5mm的第二玻璃片材，第一玻璃片材必要时通过一个或多个第一粘合中间层彼此粘合，该第二玻璃片材形成该层压玻璃板的两个面中的一个，并通过第二粘合中间层粘合到所述第一玻璃片材上，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃片材分别由化学增强的钠钙玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃制成，其具有在这两种情况下分别为200-500和300-1000MPa的表面应力和为20-100μm的压缩深度。
在本发明的意义上，术语“玻璃”应理解为任何类型的无机玻璃，如任选化学增强的钠钙浮法玻璃，任选化学增强的铝硅酸盐玻璃(含或不含碱金属)，硼硅酸盐玻璃，铝硼硅酸盐玻璃等。
所述相对薄的第二玻璃片材旨在形成玻璃板的背面，即面向客舱或建筑物的内部的面，与容易受到冲击的面相反的面。所述第二玻璃片材的弯曲断裂模量具有与上述对于其表面应力所提及的数值相同等级高的数值：在发生冲击的情况下，第二玻璃片材的断裂被延迟。然后断裂成不伤人的小块或碎片，特别是考虑到它的薄度和高的中心拉伸应力；这些小碎片保持粘合到第二粘合中间层上。当抛射物冲击该玻璃板时，它被容纳在所述第二粘合中间层中，而不会击穿。
薄玻璃具有符合火-烟规定(qualifiés feu-fumée)，其可以为具有球形曲率的几何形状。
根据本发明的层压玻璃板的其它优选特征：
-所述粘合中间层选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，热塑性聚氨酯，乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯或树脂如离聚物树脂；
-所述第二粘合中间层的厚度为0.3至7，优选至少等于1.25，并且按照递增优选的顺序，至多等于6和5mm；
-它包含由热淬火钠钙玻璃，或化学增强的钠钙玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃(其在这两种情况下具有分别为200MPa至500MPa，300至1000MPa的表面应力和为20-100μm的压缩深度)构成的厚度至多等于12，优选等于10mm的唯一所述第一玻璃片材；对于热淬火玻璃，可以提及例如最多等于65MPa的表面应力值；
-其包含至少两个所述第一玻璃片材，该第一玻璃片材彼此独立地由热淬火钠钙玻璃或化学增强的钠钙玻璃或任选化学增强的铝硅酸盐玻璃构成，该化学增强的钠钙玻璃具有200-500MPa的表面应力和20-100μm压缩深度，该化学增强的铝硅酸盐玻璃具有为300-1000MPa的表面应力和为20-100μm的压缩深度；
-它包含至多四个，最好是三个所谓的第一玻璃片材；
-在所述第一玻璃片材为至少2个的情况下，它们的厚度最多等于12mm；
-所述一个或多个第一粘合中间层的厚度为0.7至8，优选至少等于1且至多等于7mm；
-所述两个距离所述第二玻璃片材最远的第一玻璃片材中的至少一个的面向所述第二玻璃片材的面承载加热层；其一个例子是具有200nm厚度的氧化铟锡(或锡掺杂的氧化铟或ITO:Indium Tin Oxide)的层，氧化铟锡是铟(III)氧化物(In2O3)和锡(IV)氧化物(SnO2)获得的混合氧化物或混合物，优选按照以下重量比：对于第一种氧化物为70至95％，第二种氧化物为5至20％；典型的重量比为约90重量％的In2O3和约10重量％的SnO2。
本发明的其它目的在于：
-如上所述的层压玻璃板的应用，用于在与第二玻璃片材一侧相反的层压玻璃板的一侧受到冲击的情况下，在第二玻璃片材一侧不产生伤人的碎片的抛射；
-这种层压玻璃板的应用，用于在该层压玻璃板的第二玻璃片材一侧着火的情况下，在第二玻璃片材一侧不产生烟雾；
-如作为陆地，空中或水中运输交通工具的窗玻璃的应用，其由所述第二玻璃片材形成的面是面向交通工具内部的面，特别是作为航空窗玻璃或列车挡风玻璃；和
-如作为建筑窗玻璃的应用，其由所述第二玻璃片材形成的面是面向建筑物内部的面。
借助于以下实施例将更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
层压玻璃板由厚度为3mm的在上面所定义的意义上的化学增强的硅钠钙浮法玻璃片材(即具有为200-500MPa的表面应力和为20-100μm的压缩深度)和另一个厚度为0.8mm的相同化学增强材料的片材构成，它们通过2至5mm厚的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的层彼此粘合。
将面向另一玻璃片材的3mm厚的化学增强的玻璃片材的面用200nm厚的氧化铟锡(ITO)层涂覆。
在由最厚的玻璃片材形成的该玻璃板的面上的冲击不会在玻璃板的另一面的一侧产生伤人的碎片。薄玻璃片材的破碎物保持粘合在粘合中间层上。
实施例2
在以下实施例中将使用以下缩写：
RC：在上面所定义的意义上的化学增强的硅钠钙浮法玻璃(或任选的铝硅酸盐玻璃，对于最大等于3mm的厚度)(特别是在这两种情况下，两个不同的表面应力区域)；
V：非化学增强的和任选热淬火的硅钠钙浮法玻璃，或对于至多等于3mm的厚度，非化学增强的铝硅酸盐玻璃；
PU：聚氨酯；
PVB：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
组装以下层压玻璃板；其构件的厚度在下面以毫米表示：
6RC/5PU/3RC/2.8PU/0.8RC。
在这个实施例中和在下面的实施例中，使玻璃板经受按照标准EN 15 152：2007(F)的UIC抛射物以确定的速度的水平投射，该玻璃板以相对于水平面的确定角度倾斜。
在这个实施例中，列车的最大速度小于或等于160公里/小时，而玻璃板相对于水平面倾斜75度。
实施例3
层压玻璃板的组成为：
6RC/1.14PVB/3RC/4.56PU/3RC/3.3PU/0.8RC。
列车的最大速度超过160公里/小时并低于或等于300公里/小时，玻璃板以相对于水平面40度倾斜。
实施例4
层压玻璃板的组成为：
8RC/1.9PVB/6V/1.52PVB/6RC/2PU/0.8RC。
列车的最大速度超过300公里/小时，玻璃板相对于水平面30度倾斜。
在实施例2至4中，观察到粘合该薄玻璃的粘合中间层保留了抛射物，抛射物没有将它击穿。薄玻璃片材的碎片仍然粘附到该粘合中间层(PU)上。没有出现由0.8毫米厚的片材的破裂产生的伤人玻璃碎片的抛射。
0.8mm厚的玻璃片材可以被成型为复杂的形状，特别地具有双(球形)曲率。与有机聚合物材料相反，它的材料符合火-烟规定(qualifiés feu-fumée)。

Claims (14)

1.层压玻璃板，其包含1-10个厚度为1.5-22mm的第一玻璃片材和厚度为0.5-1.5mm的第二玻璃片材，第一玻璃片材必要时通过一个或多个第一粘合中间层彼此粘合，该第二玻璃片材形成该层压玻璃板的两个面中的一个，并通过第二粘合中间层粘合到所述一个或多个第一玻璃片材上，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃片材由化学增强的钠钙玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃制成，其在这两种情况下具有分别为200-500和300-1000MPa的表面应力和为20-100μm的压缩深度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃板，其特征在于，所述粘合中间层选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，热塑性聚氨酯，乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯或树脂如离聚物树脂。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压玻璃板，其特征在于，所述第二粘合中间层具有为0.3-7，优选至少等于1.25的厚度，并且按照递增优选的顺序，最多等于6和5毫米。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压玻璃板，其特征在于，它包含由热淬火的钠钙玻璃，或化学增强的钠钙玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃构成的厚度最多等于12，优选等于10mm的唯一的所述第一玻璃片材，其在化学增强的钠钙玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃的两种情况下具有分别为200MPa-500MPa和300-1000MPa的表面应力和为20-100μm的压缩深度。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的层压玻璃板，其特征在于，其包含至少两个第一玻璃片材，该第一玻璃片材彼此独立地由热淬火或化学增强的钠钙玻璃或任选化学增强的铝硅酸盐玻璃构成，该钠钙玻璃具有为200-500MPa的表面应力和为20-100μm的压缩深度，该铝硅酸盐玻璃具有为300-1000MPa的表面应力和为20-100μm的压缩深度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的层压玻璃板，其特征在于，其包含最多四个，优选三个所述第一玻璃片材。
7.根据权利要求5和6中任一项所述的层压玻璃板，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃片材的厚度最多等于12mm。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的层压玻璃板，其特征在于，所述一个或多个第一粘合中间层具有为0.7至8，优选至少等于1且最多等于7mm的厚度。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压玻璃板，其特征在于所述两个距离所述第二玻璃片材最远的第一玻璃片材中的至少一个的面向所述第二玻璃片材的面承载加热层。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压玻璃板的应用，用于在层压玻璃板的与第二玻璃片材一侧相反的一侧受到冲击的情况下，在所述第二玻璃片材一侧不产生伤人的碎片的抛射。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的层压玻璃板的应用，用于在该层压玻璃板的第二玻璃片材一侧着火的情况下，在第二玻璃片材一侧不产生烟雾。
12.根据权利要求10和11中任一项所述的应用，作为陆地、空中或水中运输交通工具的窗玻璃，其由所述第二玻璃片材形成的面是面向交通工具内部的面。
13.根据权利要求12所述的应用，作为航空窗玻璃或列车挡风玻璃。
14.根据权利要求10和11中任一项所述的应用，作为建筑的窗玻璃，其由所述第二玻璃片材形成的面是面向建筑物内部的面。
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