CN110944838A - 包括化学钢化的薄玻璃片材的层压窗玻璃 - Google Patents
包括化学钢化的薄玻璃片材的层压窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110944838A CN110944838A CN201980003237.6A CN201980003237A CN110944838A CN 110944838 A CN110944838 A CN 110944838A CN 201980003237 A CN201980003237 A CN 201980003237A CN 110944838 A CN110944838 A CN 110944838A
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- lime
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- laminated glazing
- inorganic glass
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Abstract
本发明涉及层压窗玻璃的领域,特别地涉及用作为用于交通工具的挡风玻璃,侧窗玻璃或车顶窗玻璃的层压窗玻璃,本发明的目的是一种层压窗玻璃,其包括厚度为1.5mm至2.5mm的第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材,第二无机玻璃片材和层压中间层。第一和第二无机玻璃片材通过层压中间层粘合在一起。第二无机玻璃片材是化学钢化的钠钙硅无机玻璃片材,具有为0.4至1.1mm的厚度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及层压窗玻璃的领域,尤其涉及用作为交通工具用挡风玻璃,侧窗玻璃或车顶窗玻璃的层压窗玻璃。
现有技术
层压窗玻璃是其中至少两个玻璃片材借助于层压中间层彼此粘合的窗玻璃。
层压中间层的主要功能是在破裂的情况下保留玻璃碎片。除其它功能外,层压中间层还可以例如赋予层压窗玻璃抗穿入性,或者提高的声学和热性能。
层压中间层通常包含至少一个基于聚合物,典型地基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的的片材,其能够在层压处理期间软化并粘附至玻璃片材。
层压窗玻璃特别用作陆上或空中交通工具中的挡风玻璃。它们也可以用作侧窗玻璃或车顶窗玻璃。对于这些应用,他们必须特别遵守越来越多的技术标准,以确保个人的安全并在节能方面遵守某些环境要求。
这些技术标准例如可以是机械标准(抗冲击强度和耐沙粒性),物理标准(减轻重量以减少能量消耗),光学标准(在可见光范围内有足够的透光率,以确保适合于交通工具驾驶的可见性)或其它热学标准(减少在交通工具内部和外部之间的热交换,以减少使用暖气或空调装置)。
这些标准中的一些是矛盾的。例如,薄且因此较轻的层压窗玻璃允许减少推进其中使用该窗玻璃的交通工具所需的燃料消耗。但是,它的抛射物冲击强度较低。
在现有技术中以增强的不对称层压窗玻璃的形式提出了用于解决在减少层压窗玻璃的重量的需求和机械冲击强度的需求之间的矛盾的第一种技术方案。
当构成窗玻璃的玻璃片材的厚度不同时,该层压窗玻璃被认为是不对称的。特别地,在包括通过中间层组装的两个玻璃片材的不对称层压窗玻璃的情况下,两个玻璃片材之一是被称为“薄”的玻璃片材。它的使用允许减轻窗玻璃的重量。其厚度通常在0.4mm至1.5mm之间。
当两个玻璃片材中的至少一个(通常是最薄的那个)进行机械地增强时,非对称层压窗玻璃被称为增强的。薄玻璃片材通常是铝硅酸盐类型的玻璃片材,该玻璃片材已经受通过化学钢化的机械增强处理。另一未经增强的无机玻璃片材通常是钠钙硅无机玻璃片材。
增强的不对称层压窗玻璃的实例在专利申请US2013295357A(Corning Inc)11/07/2013中进行了描述。该窗玻璃包括未通过化学钢化进行增强的钠钙硅无机玻璃的第一片材和已通过化学钢化进行增强的薄铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐无机玻璃的第二片材。
增强的不对称层压窗玻璃的另一个实例在专利申请WO2017/103471A(法国Saint-Gobain Glass)06/22/2017中进行了描述。该窗玻璃还包括钠钙硅玻璃片材和已通过化学钢化进行增强的薄铝硅酸盐玻璃片材。
化学钢化是一种离子交换过程,其包括用不同种类和不同尺寸的其它离子将玻璃片材中的某些离子表面取代,从而在玻璃片材的表面上产生压缩应力。这些压缩应力延伸到一定深度,称为压缩深度。玻璃的化学钢化及其影响在GY, René文章Ion Exchange forglass strengthening. Materials Science and Engineering B. 2008, 第149卷, 第159-165页中有详细介绍。
铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐类型的玻璃与钠钙硅玻璃相反,更适于通过化学钢化进行增强处理。在上面的文章中解释了导致这种现象的物理原因。其中解释了,当玻璃含有大量的碱金属和氧化铝时,碱金属的扩散系数更大,并且促进了化学钢化期间的离子交换。
相反地,对于通常用于制造对称层压窗玻璃的钠钙硅玻璃,其粘弹性松弛发生的温度与进行化学钢化的温度相比是过低的。早期的粘弹性松弛导致在化学钢化处理后机械增强益处的很大一部分丧失。另一方面,在这些玻璃中大量存在钙会导致离子交换速率的显著降低。
钠钙硅玻璃不能进行化学钢化的主要结果是,它们不适合用作为用于制造用于挡风玻璃的不对称增强层压窗玻璃的薄玻璃片材。不可能赋予它们机械表面性能,特别是表面压缩应力,以使不对称层压窗玻璃可以满足国家和国际当局针对此类应用所要求的与个人安全有关的技术标准。
在现行的国际法规中,在用作挡风玻璃的层压窗玻璃所要求的技术标准中,可以列举两个技术标准来说明其重要性:
-自2009年10月24日起生效的联合国欧洲经济委员会(UNECE)第43号法规,附件6第3.2段和附件3第3.1段所述的与“头部碰撞”相关的标准;
-自2009年10月24日起生效的联合国欧洲经济委员会(UNECE)第43号法规,附件6第4段和附件3第2.2段所述的有关机械强度的标准。
发明内容
本发明的主题是一种层压窗玻璃,其包括其厚度e1为1.5mm至2.5mm的第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材、第二无机玻璃片材和层压中间层,第一和第二无机玻璃片材通过层压中间层粘合在一起。该窗玻璃的特征在于:
-第二无机玻璃片材是钠钙硅无机玻璃片材,其厚度e2在0.4至1.1mm之间,特别是在0.4至0.7mm之间;
-所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材是化学钢化的;
-所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的表面压缩应力在350MPa至550MPa之间,特别是在400MPa至550MPa之间;
-比率R=e1/e2²为至多20mm-1。
本发明还涉及一种制造方法,其允许获得所述层压窗玻璃。
技术问题
包含化学钢化的铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐类型薄玻璃片材的不对称层压窗玻璃具有对钝物体具有高冲击强度的优点。在挡风玻璃应用中,非对称窗玻璃的薄玻璃片材通常对应于放置在交通工具的乘客舱内部的玻璃片材。这种构造允许在对外部玻璃冲击的情况下,限制内部玻璃片材破裂以及玻璃碎片向乘客舱内抛射(其具有伤害其乘员的风险)。
据认为钠钙硅玻璃不适用于制造不对称层压窗玻璃,因为特别地不可能赋予它们适当的表面机械性能。因此,在挡风玻璃中,将化学钢化的铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸铝类型内薄玻璃片材替换为化学钢化的钠钙硅玻璃片材会增加破碎和碎片抛射入乘员舱的风险。
然而,如专利申请WO2015/031151A(Corning Inc)03/05/2015明确教导的,包含化学钢化的铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐类型薄玻璃片材的不对称层压窗玻璃不符合与“头部碰撞”相关的标准,出于个人安全原因,其要求窗玻璃必须从某一撞击应力水平开始破裂。包含化学钢化的铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐类型薄玻璃片材的不对称层压窗玻璃在冲击下的断裂应力是过高的,无法满足该标准。
技术方案
已经证明,与所有预期相反的并且令人惊讶的是,使用钠钙硅玻璃作为薄玻璃片材来制造不对称层压窗玻璃允许满足与“头部碰撞”相关的标准。
附图的简要说明
图1是用于挡风玻璃应用的层压窗玻璃的示意图。
图2是在球形物体的冲击下破裂的层压窗玻璃的内部玻璃片材的数量变化(以百分比表示)的图形表示,该数量变化作为所述物体的冲击速度的函数。
图3是在球形物体的冲击下剥落的层压窗玻璃的数量变化(以百分比表示)的图形表示,该变化作为所述物体的冲击速度的函数。
具体实施方式
在本文的其余部分中,参考附图,其中数字涉及以下描述的元件。
在图1中示出了用于挡风玻璃应用的层压窗玻璃的实例。层压窗玻璃1000包括第一玻璃片材1001,第二玻璃片材1002和层压中间层1003。两个玻璃片材1001和1002借助于层压中间层1003将它们彼此粘合在一起。玻璃片材1001称为外部玻璃片材。它位于交通工具的乘客舱的外部。玻璃片材1002称为内部玻璃片材。它位于交通工具的乘客舱的内部。
在不对称的层压窗玻璃中,构成它的玻璃片材的厚度是不同的。在图1的实例中,如果两个片材之一1001或1002比另一个更薄,则层压窗玻璃1000是不对称的。在挡风玻璃应用中,薄玻璃片材通常对应于玻璃片材1002,也就是说,内部玻璃片材旨在被放置在交通工具的乘客舱的内部。
本发明的层压窗玻璃包括:其厚度e1为1.5mm至2.5mm的第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材,第二无机玻璃片材和层压中间层,所述第一和第二无机玻璃片材通过层压中间层彼此粘合在一起。窗玻璃的特征在于:
-第二无机玻璃片材是钠钙硅无机玻璃片材,其厚度e2在0.4至1.1mm之间,特别地在0.4至0.7mm之间;
-所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材是化学钢化的;
-所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的表面压缩应力在350MPa至550MPa之间,特别地在400MPa至550MPa之间;
-比率R=e1/e2²为至多20mm-1。
根据本发明的层压窗玻璃适合用作为例如陆上交通工具的挡风玻璃,侧窗玻璃或车顶窗玻璃。
特别地,对于挡风玻璃应用,本发明的层压窗玻璃的优点在于,与非对称层压窗玻璃相比,其重量减小了。它还符合上述两个标准:与“头部碰撞”有关的标准和与机械强度有关的标准。
在本发明的层压窗玻璃中,当薄玻璃片材是内部玻璃片材时,内部玻璃片材的破裂度和剥落度小于30%,甚至25%。由于薄钠钙硅类型玻璃片材(另一方面,在所有方面是相等的)在机械方面是比铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐类型薄玻璃片材更低强度的,因此本发明的层压窗玻璃对于“头部碰撞”标准具有令人满意的机械性能。
本发明的层压窗玻璃的另一个优点是,与不对称层压窗玻璃(其玻璃片材具有不同的化学组成)相比,特别地与包括钠钙硅玻璃片材和铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐薄玻璃片材的层压窗玻璃相比,其形成可以得到简化。
对于在汽车领域中的某些应用,在其装配之前,对窗玻璃的玻璃片材赋予一定的曲率。通常有利的是,使用允许使玻璃片材同时成形的弯曲技术或方法,因为玻璃片材因此具有完全相同的曲率。这使它们更易于组装。
在弯曲方法或技术中,使两个玻璃片材重叠放置,并且在组装之后通过具有窗玻璃的确定轮廓的框架或骨架沿着该片材的边缘端部基本水平地被支撑。最薄的玻璃片材位于较厚的玻璃片材上方。该薄玻璃片材在整个接触区域上均匀地支撑在较厚的玻璃片材上。然后将两个玻璃片材引入到弯曲炉中。
当两个玻璃片材具有不同的化学组成时,例如在钠钙硅玻璃片材和铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐薄玻璃片材的情况下,由于在膨胀系数和软化温度之间的差异,它们在弯曲期间的热行为是不同的。因此,出现缺陷或残余应力的风险大大增加。本发明的层压窗玻璃允许降低这种风险。
为了本发明的目的,“表面压缩应力”和“压缩深度”的定义是先前参考上述文章所指出的那些。
第二钠钙硅玻璃片材的化学钢化可以通过浸入400℃至500℃之间,特别是450℃至500℃之间的熔融盐浴中90至240分钟,特别是90至180分钟进行实施。熔盐浴可以基于硝酸钾或硝酸钠和硝酸钾的混合物。
如果在对玻璃片材进行化学钢化之后获得的表面压缩深度大于或等于玻璃片材的厚度,或者甚至厚度的一半,则通过化学钢化进行处理的益处(为了表面机械增强)可以在很大部分上被损失了。玻璃片材的厚度越小,表面压缩深度的控制因此就越重要,特别是对于薄玻璃片材而言。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的表面压缩深度可以有利地在5μm至40μm之间,特别是在15μm至20μm之间。
在不损害其机械性能水平的情况下,本发明的层压窗玻璃的厚度可以为至多5mm,特别是4.5mm,甚至4mm。
置于两个玻璃片材之间的层压中间层可以由一个或多个热塑性材料层组成。热塑性材料的实例是聚氨酯,聚碳酸酯,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EA)或离聚物树脂。
层压中间层可以呈多层膜的形式。它还可以具有特定的功能,例如声学性质或抗紫外线性质。
通常,层压中间层包括至少一个PVB层。其厚度在50μm至4mm之间。通常它小于1毫米。
在用于交通工具的窗玻璃中,层压中间层的厚度通常约为0.76mm。当层压窗玻璃的组成玻璃片材非常薄时,可以有利地使用厚度大于1mm,或甚至大于2或3mm的聚合物中间层。这使得可以在不显著不利于其重量的情况下为层压窗玻璃提供刚度。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,层压中间层包含至少一个聚乙烯醇缩醛片材,特别地聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材。
在本发明的层压窗玻璃中,第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的厚度e2在0.4至1.1mm之间,特别是在0.4至0.7mm之间。
在层压窗玻璃的一个实施方案中,第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的厚度e2有利地为至多0.7mm。这样的厚度有助于减轻窗玻璃的重量。
所有钠钙硅玻璃组成均可适用于本发明的层压窗玻璃的薄玻璃片材。它尤其可以在以下定义的范围内包含以下成分,以重量分数表示:
SiO2在65.00至75.00%之间
Na2O在10.00和20.00%之间
CaO在2.00和15.00%之间
Al2O3在0至5.00%之间
MgO在0和5.00%之间
K2O在0到5.00%之间。
对于某些应用,本发明的窗玻璃的钠钙硅无机玻璃的第一片材可以有利地进行机械增强。为了将本发明的层压窗玻璃用作挡风玻璃,优选不对第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材进行机械增强。
本发明还涉及用于制造层压窗玻璃的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:
1.提供第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材,其具有在1.5毫米至2.5毫米之间的厚度e1;
2.通过在400℃-500℃,特别地在450℃-500℃的熔融盐浴中在90分钟至240分钟,特别地在90分钟至180分钟期间对厚度e2为0.4至1.1mm,特别地0.4至0.7mm的第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材进行化学钢化的机械增强处理,其中比率R=e1/e2²为至多20mm-1;
3.提供层压中间层;
4.借助于层压中间层将第一和第二玻璃片材彼此组装在一起。
熔融盐浴可以是基于硝酸钠和/或硝酸钾的浴。优选地,其基于硝酸钾。
钠钙硅玻璃的粘弹性松弛温度可随其化学组成而略有变化。与进行化学钢化的温度相比过低的温度会导致在化学钢化处理之后的机械增强的增益的损失。熔融盐浴的温度可以有利地为至多490℃。该温度适用于大多数钠钙硅玻璃组成。
可以根据所需的表面压缩深度,薄玻璃片材的厚度以及熔盐浴的温度来调节化学钢化处理的持续时间。如先前所解释的,如果在对玻璃片材进行化学钢化之后获得的表面压缩深度大于或等于玻璃片材的厚度,或者甚至是厚度的一半,则化学钢化处理对于表面机械增强的益处可为在很大部分上会损失。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,通过化学钢化的机械增强处理的持续时间可以有利地为至多180分钟。该持续时间使得可以限制表面压缩深度,特别是对于具有低厚度的薄玻璃片材和高的熔融盐浴温度。
可以为本发明的层压窗玻璃的组成玻璃片材赋予曲率。为此,本发明的制造方法还可包括在步骤(1)之前使两个钠钙硅无机玻璃片材弯曲的步骤。可以根据适合于钠钙硅玻璃的现有技术的常规弯曲工艺和方法来进行弯曲步骤。
本发明的层压窗玻璃可以用作用于运输交通工具的挡风玻璃,侧窗玻璃或车顶窗玻璃。在这个意义上,本发明还涉及一种用于运输交通工具,特别是机动交通工具的窗玻璃,尤其是挡风玻璃,车顶窗玻璃或侧窗玻璃,其包含根据本发明的任何一个实施方式的层压窗玻璃。
对于挡风玻璃应用,第二玻璃片材可以是内部片材,旨在被定位在交通工具的乘客舱的内部。这种结构允许在窗玻璃的外表面受到冲击的情况下,可以限制内部玻璃片材破裂和玻璃碎片向乘员舱内抛射的风险。
在本发明的一个有利实施方案中,第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材仅在其主表面之一上进行化学钢化。这使得可以简化化学钢化处理并减少熔融盐的消耗,而不会损害层压窗玻璃的机械性能。
特别地,第二玻璃片材可以在不与层压中间层接触的面上进行增强。例如,在用于挡风玻璃应用中的层压窗玻璃的情况下,仅朝向交通工具乘客舱内部的面可以进行化学钢化。
所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的不与层压中间层接触的表面的表面压缩层这时可以在5μm至40μm之间,特别地在15μm至20μm之间。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,第一玻璃片材的与层压中间层接触的面可以包括具有一层或多层的功能涂层。这种涂层可以包括至少一个功能层,任选地至少两个或甚至三个为层压窗玻璃赋予“选择性”功能的功能层,它们允许减少透过窗玻璃向内部传递的能量,而不会对在可见光谱中的光传输有害。功能层可以是金属层。在这种情况下,它们可以基于银,金和/或铜。
该功能涂层还可以包括一个或多个层的电介质组件。层的电介质组件表示彼此接触以形成整个电介质堆叠体的一个层或多个层,也就是说,其不具有功能层的功能。层的每个电介质组件通常包括至少一个基于电介质材料的层,该电介质材料可以基于氮化物和/或基于氧化物。
实施例
通过下面描述的实例来说明本发明的层压窗玻璃的优点。
制备了两个根据本发明的窗玻璃。第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的厚度为2.1毫米。第二无机玻璃片材是通过浮法获得的厚度为0.7mm的薄钠钙硅玻璃片材。层压中间层是厚度为0.85mm的声学PVB膜。
在组装该层压窗玻璃之前,将薄无机玻璃片材经受了通过化学钢化的机械增强处理。该处理在490℃的硝酸钾浴中进行3小时。
每个窗玻璃的薄玻璃片材F1和F2的表面压缩深度和表面压缩应力根据在文章GY,René,Ion Exchange for glass strengthening. Materials Science and Engineering B. 2008, Volume 149, p.159-165中所述的方法,通过平纹折光法(stratoréfractometrie)进行了测量。结果在下表中所示。表面压缩应力分别为403Mpa和494MPa,表面压缩深度分别为18和17μm。
表1
应力 | 深度 | |
F1 | 403MPa | 18µm |
F2 | 494MPa | 17µm |
还制备了对照实施例的层压窗玻璃。它包含厚度为2.1mm的第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材和厚度为0.7mm且通过漂浮类型方法获得的第二钠钙硅无机玻璃薄片材。层压中间层是厚度为0.85mm的声学PVB膜。两个片材都没有进行化学钢化。
每个窗玻璃是根据下述工序的机械测试的对象。该机械测试允许模拟交通工具用挡风玻璃在实际条件下所承受的应力。特别地,它允许验证挡风玻璃是否满足上述安全技术标准。出于机械测试的目的,薄玻璃片材是内部玻璃片材,旨在设置在交通工具乘客舱的内部。该外表面是钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的旨在被设置在交通工具乘客舱的外部的表面。
根据以下工序进行机械测试。
每个窗玻璃准备四个300mmx300mm的样品。
每个样品的外表面规则地分成九个区域。通过在中等压力下用磨料粉的摩擦,每个区域进行5秒钟的磨损处理。磨料粉末的粒度分布的D50值为10至40μm。磨料粉末主要由二氧化硅组成。在处理结束时,使用浸有用于窗玻璃的清洁剂的织物清洁每个区域。
然后,将1g钢球以相对于表面成45°的角度,和在50Km/h-180Km/h之间的速度推进并投射到每个区域上。因此,每个样品有9次球冲击,即每个窗玻璃有36个冲击测量值。挡风玻璃的破损和剥落通过高频摄像机监控。
机械测试的结果在图2和图3中表示。
图2是在球形物体的冲击下破裂的本发明的层压窗玻璃的内部玻璃片材的数量(圆形)和对照例(三角形)的数量作为所述物体撞击速度的函数的变化(以百分比表示)的图形表示。横坐标表示球形物体的撞击速度。纵坐标表示破裂程度。破裂程度是在区域总数中破损的区域数。在图中,圆形符号代表本发明的两个窗玻璃的结果的平均值。
图3是在球形物体的冲击下剥落的根据本发明的层压窗玻璃(圆形)和根据对照例(三角形)的层压窗玻璃的数量所述物体撞击速度的函数的变化(以百分比表示)的图形表示。横坐标表示球形物体的撞击速度。纵坐标表示剥落程度。剥落程度是在区域总数中剥落的区域数。在图中,圆形符号代表对于本发明的两个窗玻璃获得的结果的平均值。
附图显示,与对照例CEx1的层压窗玻璃相反,本发明的窗玻璃Ex1仅仅从130Km/h的冲击速度开始破裂并且剥离。窗玻璃Ex1的破裂度和剥离度也比对照例CEx1的破裂度和剥离度低两到三倍。
本发明的不对称层压窗玻璃的实施例Ex1比对照例CEx1的窗玻璃更坚固。它从130Km/h的速度开始破裂并开始剥落,这使其符合“头部碰撞”标准。
Claims (17)
1.一种层压窗玻璃,其包含具有为1.5mm至2.5mm的厚度e1的第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材、第二无机玻璃片材和层压中间层,第一和第二无机玻璃片材通过层压中间层彼此粘合,所述层压窗玻璃特征在于:
-第二无机玻璃片材是钠钙硅无机玻璃片材,具有为0.4至1.1mm,特别地0.4至0.7mm的厚度e2;
-所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材是化学钢化的;
-所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的表面压缩应力为350MPa至550MPa,特别地为400MPa至550MPa;
-比率R=e1/e2²为至多20mm-1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压窗玻璃,使得所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的表面压缩层的深度为5μm至40μm,特别地为15μm至20μm。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃,使得其厚度为至多5mm,特别地4.5mm,甚至4mm。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃,使得所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的厚度e1为至多0.7mm。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃,其中所述层压中间层包括至少一个聚乙烯醇缩醛片材,特别地聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃,其中所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材在以下限定的范围内包括以下成分,以重量分数表示:
SiO2在65.00至75.00%之间
Na2O在10.00和20.00%之间
CaO在2.00和15.00%之间
Al2O3在0至5.00%之间
MgO在0和5.00%之间
K2O在0到5.00%之间。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃,其中所述第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材是非机械增强的。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃,其中所述第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材在其仅一个主面上进行化学钢化。
9.根据权利要求7所述的层压窗玻璃,使得增强主面不与所述层压中间层接触。
10.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃,使得所述第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的与所述层压中间层接触的面在其表面上包含具有一个或多个层的功能涂层。
11.用于制备根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1.提供第一钠钙硅无机玻璃片材,其具有为1.5毫米至2.5毫米的厚度e1;
2.通过在400℃-500℃,特别地在450℃-500℃的熔融盐浴中在90分钟至240分钟,特别地在90分钟至180分钟的时间期间对具有为0.4至1.1mm,特别地0.4至0.7mm的厚度e2的第二钠钙硅无机玻璃片材的化学钢化进行机械增强处理,其中比率R=e1/e2²为至多20mm-1;
3.提供层压中间层;
4.借助于层压中间层将第一和第二玻璃片材彼此组装在一起。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于制备层压窗玻璃的方法,使得熔融盐浴是基于硝酸钾的浴。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的用于制备层压窗玻璃的方法,使得熔融盐浴的温度为至多490℃。
14.根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的用于制备层压窗玻璃的方法,使得通过化学钢化的机械增强处理的持续时间为至多180分钟。
15.根据权利要求10至14中任一项所述的用于制备层压窗玻璃的方法,使得所述方法还包括在步骤(1)之前使两个钠钙硅无机玻璃片材弯曲的步骤。
16.一种用于运输交通工具,特别地机动交通工具的窗玻璃,特别是挡风玻璃、侧窗玻璃或车顶窗玻璃,其包含根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的层压窗玻璃。
17.根据权利要求16所述的窗玻璃,其中所述第二玻璃片材是内部片材,旨在被设置在所述交通工具的乘客舱的内部。
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MA53369A (fr) | 2021-06-02 |
AR116238A1 (es) | 2021-04-14 |
WO2020020937A1 (fr) | 2020-01-30 |
EP3826841A1 (fr) | 2021-06-02 |
US20210370646A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
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