CN107106168A - 外科缝合加载单元 - Google Patents

外科缝合加载单元 Download PDF

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CN107106168A
CN107106168A CN201480083971.5A CN201480083971A CN107106168A CN 107106168 A CN107106168 A CN 107106168A CN 201480083971 A CN201480083971 A CN 201480083971A CN 107106168 A CN107106168 A CN 107106168A
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staple
nail
blocking element
nail anvil
anvil
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CN107106168B (zh
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蔡龙生
张细良
王兆凯
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Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC
Covidien LP
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • A61B17/1155—Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
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    • A61B2017/0046—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00477—Coupling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
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    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07257—Stapler heads characterised by its anvil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07271—Stapler heads characterised by its cartridge

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Abstract

一种外科加载单元(10)，其用于与外科手柄组件(1000)一起使用并且包括：手柄架(12)，所述手柄架的尺寸被设计成安装到手柄组件(1000)；外构件(56)，所述外构件从所述手柄架(12)延伸；缝钉盒组件(16)，所述缝钉盒组件安装到外构件(56)的远端；钉砧组件(18)，所述钉砧组件能够相对于缝钉盒组件(16)联接。该缝钉推进器(60)至少部分布置在外构件(56)内并且操作联接到缝钉盒组件(16)。该缝钉推进器(60)适于纵向移动以从缝钉盒组件(16)排出缝钉。该钉砧合拢器(94)至少部分布置在外构件(56)内并且操作联接到钉砧组件(18)。该钉砧合拢器(94)适于相对于缝钉盒组件(16)在第一和第二位置之间移动，所述第一和第二位置对应于钉砧组件(18)的闭合和打开状态。该锁止构件(24)安装到手柄架(12)。该锁止构件(12)适于在相对于外科手柄组件(1000)安装手柄架(12)时从与缝钉推进器(60)和钉砧合拢器(94)固定接合的锁止位置移动到释放缝钉推进器(60)和钉砧合拢器(94)的释放位置。

Description

外科缝合加载单元
背景
1.技术领域
本公开涉及一种与外科手柄组件一起使用的外科缝合加载单元。具体来说，本公开涉及一种与外科手柄组件一起使用的缝合加载单元，所述缝合加载单元具有锁定机构，以用于保持加载单元的缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器处于它们相应的预击发位置中，直到加载单元适当地附接到外科手柄组件为止。
2.背景技术
众所周知用于将缝钉施加到组织的外科缝合器。这种缝合器包括一次性装置，所述一次性装置预装载有一颗或者多颗缝钉并且能够在一次使用之后抛弃。还可以获得多次使用装置并且预装载有多颗缝钉。在缝钉来源被耗尽或者已经完成外科手术之后抛弃这些多次使用装置。如果在完成外科手术之前缝钉来源被耗尽，则可以需要新的外科缝合器来完成外科手术。单个手术程序中使用额外的外科缝合器较为昂贵。
为了解决针对单个手术使用多个外科缝合器的高成本问题，已经研发了具有可替换缝钉盒的外科缝合器。在这种外科缝合器中，缝钉容纳在盒内。在盒中的缝钉已经使用完毕时，能够移除盒并且用具有额外缝钉供应的新盒替换。
Covidien，LP多年来已经制造并且销售具有可替换盒的缝合系统，诸如MultifireENDO GIATM 30和Multifire ENDO GIATM 60系统。这些系统包括外科缝合手柄组件和外科加载单元。加载单元可以是一次性加载单元(SULU)或者多次使用的加载单元(MULU)。加载单元包括本体和末端执行器并且在手术之前立即附接到手柄组件。末端执行器可以包括容纳多颗缝钉的盒。在使用之后，能够相对于手柄组件移除加载单元并且用新的加载单元替换，以便实施其它缝合和/或切割操作。驱动组件被支撑在加载单元内并且能够与外科手柄组件的控制杆结合，以便控制加载单元的操作。
尽管这些系统提供了显著的临床益处，但是仍然能够改进。因此，理想的是提供了一种在适于执行例如环形吻合术或者端端吻合术的外科缝合系统中使用的改进的缝合加载单元，所述缝合加载单元将缝钉推进器组件和/或钉砧合拢器组件保持或者锁止在预击发位置中直到加载单元附接到系统的外科手柄组件为止。
发明内容
因此，与外科手柄组件一起使用的外科加载单元包括：手柄架，所述手柄架的尺寸被设计成安装到手柄组件；外构件，所述外构件从手柄架延伸并且具有近端和远端；缝钉盒组件，所述缝钉盒组件安装到外构件的远端并且具有多颗缝钉；和钉砧组件，所述钉砧组件能够相对于缝钉盒组件联接。缝钉推进器至少部分布置在外构件内并且操作联接到缝钉盒组件。缝钉推进器适于纵向移动，以排出缝钉。钉砧合拢器至少部分布置在外构件内并且操作联接到钉砧组件。钉砧合拢器适于相对于缝钉盒组件在第一和第二位置之间移动，所述第一和第二位置对应于钉砧组件的闭合和打开状态。加载单元还包括锁止构件，所述锁止构件安装到手柄架。锁止构件适于在相对于外科手柄组件安装手柄架时从与缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器固定接合的锁止位置移动到释放缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器的释放位置。
在实施例中，锁止构件适于围绕纵向轴线旋转移动，以从锁止位置移动到释放位置。在特定实施例中，提供了引导构件，所述引导构件具有引导通道，所述引导通道布置成相对于纵向轴线成角度。锁止构件可以至少部分接收在引导构件的引导通道内并且适于在锁止构件从锁止位置移动到释放位置期间穿过通道。在一些实施例中，锁止构件包括锁止突片和通道突片。当锁止构件处于锁止位置中时，锁止突片能够与缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器操作接合。通道突片接收在引导构件的引导通道内并且适于横穿通道。
在其它实施例中，引导构件适于相对于手柄架在收回位置和前进位置之间移动，所述收回位置对应于锁止构件的锁止位置，所述前进位置对应于锁止构件的释放位置。引导构件可以常态下被偏压向收回位置。弹簧可以操作地接合手柄架和引导构件，并且尺寸被设计成常态下将引导构件偏压向收回位置。在一些实施例中，引导构件的尺寸被设计成在相对于手柄组件安装手柄架期间接合手柄组件，从而致使引导构件移动到其前进位置。
在某些实施例中，缝钉推进器包括缝钉连接件，所述缝钉连接件至少部分布置在手柄架内，并且包含缝钉锁止表面。当处于锁止构件的锁止位置中时锁止构件接合缝钉锁止表面，而当处于锁止构件的释放位置中时从锁止构件释放缝钉锁止表面。缝钉推进器可以常态下被偏压向其近侧位置。
在其它实施例中，钉砧合拢器包括钉砧带，所述钉砧带至少部分布置在手柄架内。钉砧带具有钉砧锁止表面，当处于锁止构件的锁止位置中时锁止构件接合所述钉砧锁止表面，而当处于锁止构件的释放位置中时从锁止构件释放所述钉砧锁止表面。
在实施例中，缝钉盒包括环形阵列的缝钉，并且钉砧组件包括环形钉砧头，所述环形钉砧头能够与环形阵列的缝钉配合来实施环形吻合术或者端端吻合术。
在本公开的另一个方面中，实施环形吻合术或者端端吻合术的外科系统包括手柄组件和加载单元，所述加载单元能够安装到手柄组件。手柄组件包括：框架；缝钉致动器；钉砧致动器，所述缝钉致动器和所述钉砧致动器均至少部分布置在框架内；和至少一个手动构件，其用于致动缝钉致动器和钉砧致动器中的至少一个。加载单元包括手柄架，所述手柄架的尺寸被设计成安装到手柄组件的框架；外构件，所述外构件从手柄架延伸并且具有近端和远端；缝钉盒组件，所述缝钉盒组件安装到外构件的远端；和钉砧组件，所述钉砧组件能够相对于缝钉盒组件联接。缝钉盒组件包括多颗缝钉，所述多颗缝钉布置成环形阵列。钉砧组件包括钉砧轴和钉砧头。缝钉推进器至少部分布置在外构件内并且可操作联接到缝钉盒组件。缝钉推进器适于纵向移动排出缝钉，以便由钉砧头夹持。缝钉推进器能够在将手柄架安装到框架时联接到手柄组件的缝钉致动器，由此至少一个手动构件的移动导致缝钉推进器的相应移动。钉砧合拢器至少部分布置在外构件内并且操作联接到钉砧组件。钉砧合拢器适于相对于缝钉盒组件在第一和第二位置之间移动，所述第一和第二位置对应于钉砧组件的闭合和打开状态。在将手柄架安装到框架时，钉砧合拢器能够联接到手柄组件的钉砧致动器，由此至少一个手动构件的移动致使钉砧合拢器在第一和第二位置之间的相应移动。加载单元还包括锁定机构，所述锁定机构安装到手柄架。锁定机构包括锁止构件和引导构件。引导构件能够在将手柄架安装到框架时与手柄组件的框架接合，以便致使锁止构件围绕纵向轴线从锁止位置旋转至释放位置，在所述锁止位置处，锁止构件与缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器固定接合，在所述释放位置处，锁止构件释放缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器。
在一些实施例中，引导构件适于相对于手柄架在对应于锁止构件的锁止位置的收回位置和对应于锁止构件的释放位置的前进位置之间移动。在特定实施例中，锁止构件包括通道突片和锁止突片。锁止突片能够在处于锁止构件的锁止位置中时与缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器接合。通道突片可以接收在限定在引导构件内的引导通道内，并且在引导构件在收回位置和前进位置之间移动时横穿引导通道。在一些实施例中，引导构件常态下被偏压向其收回位置并且缝钉推进器常态下被偏压向其近侧位置。
附图说明
参照附图将易于理解本公开的实施例，在所述附图中：
图1是根据本公开的原理的用于实施外科缝合手术的外科加载单元的透视图；
图2是安装到外科手柄组件的外科加载单元的侧平面图；
图3是外科加载单元的分解透视图；
图4是图解了外科加载单元的手柄架的部件的图3中标示的细节区域的等距视图；
图5是手柄架的锁止构件的透视图；
图6是透视图，其中，移除了外科加载单元的手柄架的部分，以为了阐释处于锁止位置中的锁止构件；
图7是图解处于释放位置中的锁止构件的手柄架的透视图；
图8是外科加载单元的侧截面图；
图9是图解了手柄架的第一侧截面图的图8中标示的细节区域的等距视图，其中，锁止构件处于锁止位置中；
图10是手柄架的第二侧截面图，其中，锁止构件处于锁止位置中；
图11是图8中标示的细节区域的等距视图；
图12是图3中标示的细节区域的等距视图，其图解了钉砧带的锁止带；
图13是缝钉盒组件的透视图；
图14是沿着图6的线14-14获得的截面图，其图解了处于锁止位置中的锁止构件，所述锁止构件与缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器固定结合；
图15A是图解了加载单元的手柄架安装到手柄组件的侧平面图；
图15B是图15A中标示的细节区域的放大等距视图；
图15C是图解了安装到手柄组件的手柄架和处于对应于锁止构件的释放位置的前进位置中的引导构件的视图；
图16是沿着图7的线16-16获得的截面图，其示出了处于释放位置中的锁止构件释放缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器；
图17是手柄架的一部分的透视图，其示出了处于释放位置中的锁止构件；
图18是加载单元的侧截面图，其中，以虚线示出了外科手柄组件的分段，其图解了在钉砧合拢器前进时钉砧组件处于打开位置中；
图19是图18的细节区域的等距视图；和
图20是手柄架的侧等距视图，其中，以虚线示出了外科手柄组件的分段，其图解了缝钉推进器前进，以从缝钉盒组件击发缝钉。
具体实施方式
参照附图在下文描述了本公开的特定实施例；然而，应当理解的是公开的实施例仅仅为本公开的示例并且可以以各种形式加以实施。没有详细描述众所周知的功能或者构造，以避免以冗余的细节使得本公开变得模糊。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节并不理解为限制而仅仅作为权利要求的基础并且作为教导本领域中的技术人员在几乎任何适当详细结构中采用本公开的代表性基础。相同的附图标记表示附图描述中的类似或者相同元件。
现在参照附图，在所述附图中，相同的附图标记表示若干附图中的类似部件，图1至图2图解了根据本公开的原理的外科加载单元。在图1中，外科加载单元10单独示出，而在图2中外科加载单元10示出连接到外科手柄组件1000。外科加载单元10和外科手柄组件1000形成适于在组织上实施外科手术(例如，在管状器官上实施环形吻合术或者端端吻合术)的外科系统。加载单元10可以为一次性加载单元(SULU)。还可以设想的是，加载单元10可以为多次使用的加载单元(MULU)，所述多次使用的加载单元适于例如按照顺序击发一颗或者多颗缝钉。
外科手柄组件1000可以是具有至少一个致动器、以及在一些实施例中具有两个致动器的任何手柄组件，所述致动器适于控制加载单元10的操作。可以设想的是外科手柄组件1000可以重复使用，即，能够与多个加载单元10重复使用，并且可以与具有不同的缝合功能(诸如，例如，直线缝合组织)的加载单元一起使用。将在下文更加详细描述手柄组件1000和手柄组件1000与外科加载单元10相互作用的其它细节。
结合图1，现在参照图3至图6，将讨论外科加载单元10。外科加载单元10包括手柄架12和伸长分段14，所述伸长分段14从手柄架12延伸并且限定了纵向轴线“k”。缝钉盒组件16和钉砧组件18均相对于伸长分段14安装。手柄架12包括：手柄架框架20；释放或引导构件22，所述释放或者引导构件22安装到手柄架框架20上；和相对于引导构件22安装的锁止构件24。手柄架框架20限定了大体圆柱构造的近侧安装分段26和大体圆柱构造的远侧分段28，所述远侧分段28限定的直径大于近侧安装分段26。手柄架框架20限定了纵向通道30，所述纵向通道30完全延伸通过近侧安装分段26和远侧分段28。近侧安装分段26具有直径相对的外突片32和对准突片34，所述对准突片34布置在手柄架框架20的近端处。相对的突片32和对准突片34可以与手柄组件1000中的相应结构相互配合，以相对于手柄组件1000适当定向和固定加载单元10，例如，以卡口联接关系适当定向和固定加载单元10。手柄架框架20还包括接收引导构件22的带通道沟槽36。带通道沟槽36终结于远侧弹簧狭槽38，所述远侧弹簧狭槽38限定在手柄架框架20的远侧分段28内。手柄架框架20还限定了延伸通过其远侧面的带键狭槽40。手柄架盖42可释放联接到手柄架框架20，并且可以被移除以允许组装手柄架12的各种部件。
参照图3至7，引导构件22适于相对于手柄架框架20在带通道沟槽36内在收回位置(图6)和前进位置(图7)之间往复纵向移动，所述收回位置对应于锁止构件24的锁止位置，所述前进位置对应于锁止构件24的释放位置。引导构件22包括：近侧引导突片44；凸轮狭槽46，所述凸轮狭槽46相对于伸长分段14的纵向轴线“k”倾斜布置(图1)；和弹簧销48，所述弹簧销48从引导构件22的远端延伸。近侧引导突片44接合手柄组件1000内的相应结构，以在将手柄架12直线插入在手柄组件1000内期间使引导构件22沿着方向箭头“t”(图7)的方向从收回位置移动至前进位置。盘簧50至少部分安装在弹簧销48周围并且布置在手柄架框架20的远侧弹簧狭槽38内。盘簧50朝向图6中示出的收回位置偏压引导构件22，从而将锁止构件24保持在锁止位置中。
锁止构件24适于围绕纵向轴线从锁止位置(图6)至释放位置(图7)旋转移动，以将操作部件(即，缝钉推进器和钉砧合拢器)可释放固定在伸长分段14中，所述缝钉推进器和所述钉砧合拢器分别控制缝钉盒组件16和钉砧组件18的操作。如图4和图5充分所示，锁止构件24包括锁止突片52和通道凸台54。当锁止构件24处于锁止位置中，例如，在将手柄架12安装到手柄组件1000之前，锁止突片52能够与伸长分段14的操作部件操作接合，并且在处于释放位置，即，当手柄架12安装在手柄组件1000内时释放操作部件。通道凸台54至少部分接收在引导构件22的凸轮狭槽46中。在引导构件22从收回位置(图6)移动到前进位置(图7)时，通道凸台54穿过引导构件22的凸轮狭槽46，这致使锁止构件24沿着方向箭头“b”的方向相对于纵向轴线“k”从其锁止位置旋转通过预定旋转弧线至其释放位置。将在下文更加详细地描述锁止构件24的操作的其它细节。
结合图3，参照图8至图11，伸长分段14包括外构件56，所述外构件56在一个实施例中为限定纵向开口56a(图3)的外管的形式，并且通过传统布置方案安装到手柄架12。例如，外构件56的近端可以安装在手柄架12的远侧分段28周围并且经由使用粘合剂、接合剂、紧固件等固定。外构件56的远端可以包括减小直径，且具有相对的矩形状窗口58(图3)，以辅助将缝钉盒组件16安装到外构件56。
缝钉推进器60布置在外构件56内，所述缝钉推进器60包括缝钉连接件62和从缝钉连接件62延伸的缝钉推进器管64。缝钉连接件62至少部分布置在手柄架12的纵向通道30内并且包含近侧圆柱分段66和远侧箍分段68。缝钉连接件62的近侧圆柱分段66包括突出花键70(图3和图10)，所述突出花键70限定了锁止狭槽72形式的缝钉锁止表面，在处于锁止构件24的锁止位置中时，锁止构件24的锁止突片52延伸通过所述锁止狭槽72。在锁止构件24移动到释放位置期间，锁止突片52穿过锁止狭槽72，以从花键70移除锁止突片52并且允许缝钉连接件62和缝钉推进器管64向远侧纵向移动。
如图9至图10充分所示，缝钉推进器管64包括对准杆74，所述对准杆74接收在手柄架12的带键狭槽40内，以便相对于手柄架12适当定向缝钉推进器管64(还见图3)。缝钉推进器管64的近端限定了凹陷部76，所述凹陷部76容纳缝钉连接件62的远侧箍分段68，以便连接两个部件。粘合剂和/或接合剂可以用于牢固地固定缝钉连接件62和缝钉推进器管64。缝钉推进器管64可以包括联接到缝钉推进器管64的主体64a(图3)的相对的壁分段或者间隔件78。在替代方案中，主体64a和壁间隔件78可以形成为一体。缝钉推进器管64还在其远端处限定了直径相对的锁止突片80，所述锁止突片80与缝钉盒组件16相联(见，例如图3和图11)。
结合图3，参照图8至图10，缝钉推进器60常态下被弹簧偏压向近侧位置。在一个实施例中，外构件56包括：垫圈82，所述垫圈82位于外构件56的内隔架83中；和盘簧84，所述盘簧84在远端处接合垫圈82。缝钉推进器60包括锁止环86，所述锁止环86固定到缝钉连接件62的近侧圆柱分段66(图3)。锁止环86包括锁止销88，所述锁止销88延伸通过锁止环86的壁中的直径相对的开口90中并且位于缝钉连接件62的壁中的对准开口92内(图3)。锁止销88可以利用粘合剂、接合剂等固定在开口90、92内。盘簧84接合锁止环86，以沿着近侧方向常态下偏压锁止环86和缝钉推进器60。
参照图8至图11，钉砧合拢器或者驱动器94至少部分布置在缝钉推进器60和外构件56内。钉砧合拢器94从近至远包括：钉砧套管96；连接件98，所述连接件98连接到套管96并且从其向远侧延伸；一对细长钉砧带100；和钉砧保持器102，所述钉砧保持器102联接到钉砧带100(还见图3)。钉砧套管96包括将至少一个致动器接合在手柄组件1000内的结构。如图10所示，该结构可以包括纵向开口104，手柄组件1000的钉砧致动器延伸通过所述纵向开口104。钉砧套管96可以限定与手柄组件1000的钉砧致动器接合的内隔架105或者其它联接结构。还设想了用于与手柄组件1000的钉砧致动器相联的其它联接机构。
连接件98限定了第一和第二支腿98a、98b，其中，成对的相对开口106延伸通过支腿98a、98b的壁(图3)。钉砧带100的近端接收在连接件98的支腿98a、98b内并且还限定了成对开口108，所述成对开口108与连接件98的开口106大体对准(见图3和图12)。一对销110延伸通过开口106、108，以便使得连接件98与钉砧带100相联。钉砧带100中的至少一条(例如两条)包括毗邻钉砧带100的近端的锁止突片112(图12)。锁止突片112限定了钉砧锁止表面，所述钉砧锁止表面由锁止构件24的锁止突片52接合在手柄架12内，以便将钉砧合拢器94可释放固定在第一位置中，所述第一位置对应于钉砧组件18关于缝钉盒组件16的闭合状态(图10)。在锁止构件24移动到释放位置时，锁止构件24的锁止突片52释放钉砧带100的锁止突片112，以便允许钉砧合拢器94纵向移动到第二位置，所述第二位置对应于钉砧组件10的打开状态。
还参照图3和图8，钉砧保持件102包括一对保持件支腿114a、114b，其中，成对开口116延伸通过保持件支腿114a、114b。钉砧带100的远端接收在保持件支腿114a、114b内并且经由销118固定到钉砧保持件102，所述销118延伸通过支腿114a、114b的开口116和限定在钉砧带100内的对应开口120。
结合图3，现在参照图11和13，将讨论缝钉盒组件16。缝钉盒组件16包括外壳122、环形缝钉推进器环124、圆柱刀126和缝钉引导件128。在图13中，为了图解的目的移除外壳122。通过外壳122的壳锁止棘爪130与外构件56的矩形窗口58的配合接合来将外壳122安装到外构件56(图3)。外构件56可以限定减小直径，所述减小直径接收外壳122，以在伸长分段1的大部分长度上保持基本恒定直径。推进器环124在其近端处包括一对锁止支腿132。锁止支腿132包括开口134，所述开口134接收缝钉推进器管64的锁止突片80，以便使得缝钉推进器60与缝钉推进器环124相联。因此，缝钉推进器60的移动致使缝钉推进器环124相应移动。缝钉推进器环124限定了布置成圆形或者环形阵列的多个推进器元件136。圆柱刀126至少部分接收在缝钉推进器环124内部内的环形沟槽或者通道138中，并且可以经由使用粘合剂或者其它手段固定在推进器环124内(图11)。缝钉引导件128包括也布置成环形阵列的多颗缝钉140。在缝钉推进器60、缝钉推进器环124和推进器元件136移动时排出缝钉140。
钉砧组件18包括钉砧轴142和连接到钉砧轴142的钉砧头144(图3和图11)。钉砧头144包括环形钉砧表面146，所述环形钉砧表面146与缝钉140配合，以在击发加载单元10期间夹持缝钉140。钉砧轴142能够联接到钉砧保持件102。在一个实施例中，钉砧轴142包括一根或者多根内部锁止套管148，所述内部锁止套管148与钉砧保持件102上的外锁止突出部150配合，以将钉砧轴142可释放固定到钉砧保持件102。钉砧轴142可以具有足够的弹性或者包含一个或者多个可偏转部件，由此轴142扩展直径，以接收钉砧保持件102，并且然后恢复成其原始直径，其中，内锁止套管148接合钉砧保持件102上的外突出部150。通过拉动钉砧组件18和钉砧保持件102中的一个或者两个可以实现相对于钉砧保持件102移除钉砧组件18，以致使钉砧轴142的直径扩大，使得锁止套管148离开钉砧保持件102的外锁止突出部150。钉砧头144可以铰接在枢转销152周围。
现在将讨论外科加载单元10和手柄组件1000的用法和操作。如图14充分所示，在将加载单元10安装到手柄组件1000之前，锁止构件24处于锁止位置中并且与缝钉推进器60和钉砧合拢器94固定接合(还见图10)。具体地，锁止构件24的锁止突片52接收在缝钉连接件62的突出花键70的锁止狭槽72内，并且还接合钉砧合拢器64的钉砧带100的锁止突片112。如讨论的那样，锁止构件24常态下被盘簧50偏压向锁止位置，所述盘簧50与引导构件24接合并且将引导构件24常态下偏压向其收回位置。
现在参照图15A至图15C，加载单元10前进向手柄组件1000的手柄框架1002，其中，加载单元10的外突片32和对准突片34与手柄框架1002的相应沟槽1004、1006(虚线示出)大体对准。手柄架12插入在手柄组件1000的手柄框架1002内。通过加载单元10旋转以建立加载单元10的外突片32和手柄组件1000的配合沟槽1004、1006的卡口联接，来将加载单元10固定到手柄框架1002。还可以设想固定加载单元10和手柄组件1000的其它机构，包括例如卡扣锁止关系。
在将手柄架12安装在外科手柄组件1000内时，引导构件22的近侧引导突片44由手柄组件1000内的相应结构接合，并且沿着方向箭头“t”的方向抵抗盘簧50的偏压被驱动(图7和图15C)。相应结构可以是手柄框架1002内部内用附图标记1008示意性(虚线)表示的内部隔架、棘爪或者类似结构。引导构件22的移动致使锁止构件24旋转通过预定旋转弧线从图14的锁止位置至图16和17的释放位置，以使得锁止构件24的锁止突片52释放缝钉连接件62的锁止狭槽72且还释放钉砧合拢器94的钉砧带100的锁止突片112。在锁止构件24的这个位置中，缝钉推进器60和钉砧合拢器94自由纵向移动。
另外，在安装手柄架12期间，手柄组件1000的手柄框架1002内的至少一个致动器(例如第一和第二致动器)与钉砧合拢器94和缝钉推进器60相联。可以设想用于手柄组件1000的致动器与钉砧合拢器94和缝钉推进器60相联的任何机构，所述任何机构包括例如卡口联接机构、干涉配合机构或者任何其它键或者非键联接机构。例如，参照图18和19，手柄组件1000的第一或者钉砧致动器(示意性用附图标记1010表示，虚线)可以通过将第一致动器1010的远端插入通过钉砧套管96的纵向开口104而被联接到钉砧套管96(图10)。第一致动器1010可以具有弹簧偏压的棘爪，所述弹簧偏压的棘爪向内弯曲，以便通过纵向开口104，然后在其正常弹簧偏压的影响下返回，以接合钉砧套管96的内隔架105，以便联接各部件。手柄组件1000的第二或者缝钉致动器(用图20中的附图标记1012示意性示出，虚线)可以抵接或者接合缝钉连接件62的近端。还可以设想其它布置方案。
可以通过经由(通过常规装置)连接到钉砧致动器1010的手动构件1014(图2)使得手柄组件1000的钉砧致动器1010前进，以便钉砧合拢器94(包括钉砧套管96和钉砧带100)沿着远侧方向从其第一位置移动到其第二位置，以便致使钉砧组件18向远侧移动至其相对于缝钉盒组件16的打开状态(图18和19)，来继续手术。在钉砧合拢器94前进之前或者之后，钉砧保持件102可以以上文讨论的方式安装到钉砧组件18的钉砧轴142。钉砧组件18可以相对于管状器官或者组织定位，并且经由手柄组件1000的手动构件1014使得钉砧致动器1010例如沿近侧方向移动，钉砧合拢器94可以返回到其第一位置(如图20所示)，以便将钉砧组件18定位在关于缝钉盒组件16的闭合状态(图2)。缝钉盒组件16关于组织定位。此后，经由通过常规装置连接到缝钉致动器1012的手柄组件1000的手动构件1016(图2)致动手柄组件1000的缝钉致动器1012，以使得缝钉致动器1012和缝钉连接件62(和缝钉推进器60)前进，如图20所示。缝钉连接件62的前进致使缝钉推进器环124和缝钉盒组件16的圆柱刀126相应前进，以便排出由钉砧头144的钉砧表面146夹持的缝钉140，从而连结组织或者管状器官并且利用圆柱刀146在它们之间产生了开口。
在使用加载单元10之后，加载单元10可以从手柄组件1000释放，并且布置或者再加载和消毒以为后续使用。替代地，第二加载单元10能够安装到手柄组件1000，以实施其它缝合或者紧固功能和/或其它手术。
应当理解的是可以针对在此公开的实施例实施各种修改方案。例如，上述描述锁定机构可以包含到包括加载单元的各种手术器械中而非仅仅局限于应用在缝合器系统，所述缝合器系统适于实施端端或者环形吻合组织。例如，加载单元可以适于击发夹子或者任何其它紧固件，所述夹子或者任何其它紧固件成适当尺寸，以便附接组织，包括直线附接组织。因此，上述描述内容不应当理解为限制而仅仅作为各个实施例的例示。本领域中的技术人员将在附属权利要求的范围和精神内设想其它修改方案。

Claims (17)

1.一种外科加载单元，所述外科加载单元用于与外科手柄组件一起使用并且包括：
手柄架，所述手柄架的尺寸被设计成安装到所述外科手柄组件；
外构件，所述外构件从所述手柄架延伸、限定纵向轴线且具有近端和远端；
缝钉盒组件，所述缝钉盒组件安装到所述外构件的远端，并且所述缝钉盒组件具有多颗缝钉；
钉砧组件，所述钉砧组件能够相对于所述缝钉盒组件联接；
缝钉推进器，所述缝钉推进器至少部分布置在所述外构件内并且操作联接到所述缝钉盒组件，所述缝钉推进器能够纵向移动以排出所述缝钉；
钉砧合拢器，所述钉砧合拢器至少部分布置在所述外构件内并且操作联接到所述钉砧组件，所述钉砧合拢器能够相对于所述缝钉盒组件在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，所述第一位置和第二位置对应于所述钉砧组件的闭合状态和打开状态；和
锁止构件，所述锁止构件安装到所述手柄架，所述锁止构件能够在相对于所述外科手柄组件安装所述手柄架时从与所述缝钉推进器和所述钉砧合拢器固定接合的锁止位置移动到释放所述缝钉推进器和所述钉砧合拢器的释放位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述锁止构件能够围绕所述纵向轴线旋转移动，以从所述锁止位置移动到所述释放位置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外科加载单元，其包括引导构件，所述引导构件具有引导通道，所述引导通道布置成相对于所述纵向轴线成角度，所述锁止构件至少部分接收在所述引导构件的引导通道内，并且能够在所述锁止构件从所述锁止位置移动到所述释放位置期间横穿所述引导通道。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述锁止构件包括锁止突片和通道突片，当所述锁止构件处于所述锁止位置中时，所述锁止突片能够与所述缝钉推进器和所述钉砧合拢器操作接合，所述通道突片被接收在所述引导通道内并且能够横穿所述引导通道。
5.根据权利要求3所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述引导构件能够相对于所述手柄架在收回位置和前进位置之间移动，所述收回位置对应于所述锁止构件的锁止位置，所述前进位置对应于所述锁止构件的释放位置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述引导构件常态下被偏压向所述收回位置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的外科加载单元，其包括弹簧，所述弹簧能够操作地接合所述手柄架和所述引导构件，并且尺寸被设计成常态下将所述引导构件偏压向所述收回位置。
8.根据权利要求5所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述引导构件的尺寸被设计成在相对于所述手柄组件安装所述手柄架期间接合所述手柄组件，从而致使所述引导构件移动到其所述前进位置。
9.根据权利要求2所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述缝钉推进器包括至少部分布置在所述手柄架内的缝钉连接件，所述缝钉连接件具有缝钉锁止表面，当所述锁止构件处于其所述锁止位置中时所述缝钉锁止表面由所述锁止构件接合，而当所述锁止构件处于其所述释放位置中时所述缝钉锁止表面从所述锁止构件释放。
10.根据权利要求9所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述缝钉推进器常态下被偏压向其近侧位置。
11.根据权利要求9所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述钉砧合拢器包括至少部分布置在所述手柄架内的钉砧带，所述钉砧带具有钉砧锁止表面，当所述锁止构件处于其所述锁止位置中时所述钉砧锁止表面由所述锁止构件接合，而当所述锁止构件处于其所述释放位置中时所述钉砧锁止表面从所述锁止构件释放。
12.根据权利要求1所述的外科加载单元，其中，所述缝钉盒包括环形阵列的缝钉，并且所述钉砧组件包括环形钉砧头，所述环形钉砧头能够与所述环形阵列的缝钉配合以实施环形吻合术或者端端吻合术。
13.一种用于实施吻合术的外科系统，所述外科系统包括：
手柄组件，所述手柄组件包括：
框架；
缝钉致动器和钉砧致动器，所述缝钉致动器和所述钉砧致动器至少部分布置在所述框架内；和
至少一个手动构件，所述至少一个手动构件用于致动所述缝钉致动器驱动器和所述钉砧致动器中的至少一个；
加载单元，所述加载单元包括：
手柄架，所述手柄架的尺寸被设计成安装到所述手柄组件的框架；
外构件，所述外构件从所述手柄架延伸、限定纵向轴线且具有近端和远端；
缝钉盒组件，所述缝钉盒组件安装到所述外构件的远端，所述缝钉盒组件包括布置成环形阵列的多颗缝钉；
钉砧组件，所述钉砧组件能够相对于所述缝钉盒组件联接，所述钉砧组件包括钉砧轴和钉砧头；
缝钉推进器，所述缝钉推进器至少部分布置在所述外构件内并且能够操作联接到所述缝钉盒组件，所述缝钉推进器能够纵向移动以排出所述缝钉，所述缝钉推进器能够在将所述手柄架安装到所述框架时联接到所述手柄组件的缝钉致动器，由此所述至少一个手动构件的移动导致所述缝钉推进器相应移动；和
钉砧合拢器，所述钉砧合拢器至少部分布置在所述外构件内并且操作联接到所述钉砧组件，所述钉砧合拢器能够相对于所述缝钉盒在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，所述第一位置和第二位置对应于所述钉砧组件的闭合状态和打开状态，在将所述手柄架安装到所述框架时，所述钉砧合拢器能够联接到所述手柄组件的钉砧致动器，由此所述至少一个手动构件的移动致使所述钉砧合拢器在所述第一位置和第二位置之间相应移动；和
锁定机构，所述锁定机构安装到所述手柄架，所述锁定机构包括锁止构件和引导构件，所述引导构件能够在将所述手柄架安装到所述手柄组件的框架时与所述手柄组件的框架接合，以便致使所述锁止构件围绕所述纵向轴线从锁止位置旋转至释放位置，在所述锁止位置处，所述锁止构件与所述缝钉推进器和所述钉砧合拢器固定接合，在所述释放位置处，所述锁止构件释放所述缝钉推进器和所述钉砧合拢器。
14.根据权利要求13所述的外科系统，其中，所述引导构件能够相对于所述手柄架在对应于所述锁止构件的锁止位置的收回位置和对应于所述锁止构件的释放位置的前进位置之间移动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的外科系统，其中，所述锁止构件包括通道突片和锁止突片，所述锁止突片能够在所述锁止构件处于所述锁止位置中时与所述缝钉推进器和所述钉砧合拢器接合，所述通道突片被接收在限定在所述引导构件内的引导通道内，并且在所述引导构件在所述收回位置和所述前进位置之间移动时横穿所述引导通道。
16.根据权利要求15所述的外科系统，其中，所述引导构件常态下被偏压向其所述收回位置。
17.根据权利要求14所述的外科系统，其中，所述缝钉推进器常态下被偏压向其近侧位置。
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US20170340326A1 (en) 2017-11-30
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