CN107094702A - 一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，涉及蛇养殖领域；所述防病养殖是在幼蛇阶段给蛇灌喂复合营养剂，在雏蛇阶段、快速生长阶段和育肥阶段均定时定量给蛇投喂防病剂，并在养殖期间严格控制蛇房环境温度和湿度，定期给蛇房消毒，并保持干净通风，给蛇提供足量户外活动和定期的药浴。本发明可增强蛇的抵抗力，有效预防养殖过程中的各种疾病，降低患病率，提高成活率。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及蛇养殖领域，具体涉及一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法。
【背景技术】
水律蛇也叫滑鼠蛇，属于游蛇科鼠蛇属，是一种无毒蛇。主要分布在我国南方地区，生活于海拔800米以下的山区、丘陵、平原地带；水律蛇性情较凶猛，攻击速度快，捕食鼠类、蟾蜍、蛙、蜥蜴和其它蛇等。水律蛇肉营养丰富，味道鲜美，是人们餐桌上的美味佳肴，据报道，在广州，每天仅在蛇类交易市场成交的滑鼠蛇可达1吨，有时仍供不应求，因此两广地区水律蛇人工养殖户在逐年增加。
当前水律蛇养殖技术比较成熟，但由于气候、食物品质、饲养管理等原因，人工养蛇也很容易发病，常见的蛇病有：肺炎、肠炎、霉斑病、节舌虫病、棒虫病和蛔虫病。患病的蛇大多有以下症状：常卧在蛇窝外面，不愿进窝；反应迟钝，很少迸食，口半张或闭气；不吞吐或很少吞吐蛇信；身体表层显得粗糙丽无光泽。许多养殖户没能及时发现患病蛇或在发现蛇发病时候才给予治疗，但这可能会错过最佳治疗时机或来不及控制病情，导致短时间内危及全群，引起蛇的大批死亡，因此，养殖过程采取预防措施非常重要，不但可防止大量损失，还能减少激素类、抗生素类药物的使用，获得绿色健康的蛇肉产品。
【发明内容】
针对上述问题，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，该方法可增强蛇的抵抗力，有效预防蛇在养殖过程中患病，降低患病率，提高成活率，提高蛇肉品质。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，在幼蛇阶段：每条每日灌喂一次复合营养剂，每次灌喂20-25g；在雏蛇阶段：每条蛇每隔2-3天投喂20-75g饵料，并在饵料中添加8-15g防病剂一同饲喂；在快速生长阶段：每条蛇每隔5-7天投喂90-225g饲料，并在饲料中添加10-18g防病剂一同饲喂；在育肥阶段：每条蛇每隔7-8天投喂250-300g饲料，并在饲料中添加30-38g防病剂一同饲喂；养殖期间保持蛇房温度为25-30℃，湿度为70-85％；从雏蛇阶段开始每天给蛇1-2小时户外活动时间；每周2-3次药浴；蛇房每周用高锰酸钾水溶液或生石灰水溶液消毒一次，并保持干净通风；
所述复合营养剂主要是由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：葡萄糖10-15份、亚硒酸钠0.005-0.008、精氨酸0.04-0.06份、叶酸0.05-0.08份、胆碱0.09-0.12份、维生素C 0.03-0.06份、复合维生素B 0.02-0.05份、维生素E 0.01-0.03份和维生素A 0.02-0.04份；
所述防病剂包括以下重量份数的组分：荞麦20-30份、虾皮3-7份、甘草粉4-8份、鱼腥草粉6-9份、小球藻粉7-9份、花椒粉1-3份、酵母粉0.3-0.6份、双歧杆菌0.6-0.8份、防御素0.3-0.5份、溶菌酶0.1-0.3份、大豆多肽0.6-0.9份和茶多酚0.05-0.09份。
进一步地，所述幼蛇阶段为蛇孵化后1-10天；所述雏蛇阶段为蛇体重为1-2斤；所述快速生长阶段为蛇体重为2-4斤；所述育肥阶段为蛇体重为4-5斤。
进一步地，所述饵料由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：鸡蛋2-4份、青蛙1-3份、老鼠3-6份和玉米粉0.3-0.7份。
进一步地，所述饲料由以下重量份数的组分混制而成：土元25-31份、鸡肉10-22份、麸皮10-15份、酵母粉0.3-0.6份、鸡蛋2-5份和鱼6-9份。
进一步地，所述药浴是将蛇放入药液与28-30℃的温水的混合液中浸泡5-10分钟，所述药液主要是由以下重量份数的组分制成：黄柏7-9份、三颗针4-7份、黄精3-7份、大蒜10-13份、芦荟9-12份、决明子7-11份、槟榔5-9份、大籽蒿2-4份、丁香精油0.3-0.7份、白酒2-5份和米醋5-8份。
进一步地，所述高锰酸钾水溶液或生石灰水溶液中高锰酸钾或生石灰与水的重量比为1:1000-1500。
本发明部分原料的主要功效如下：
荞麦：性甘味凉，有开胃宽肠，下气消积的功效；可治绞肠痧，肠胃积滞，慢性泄泻。
虾皮：富含蛋白质和矿物质，尤其是钙的含量极为丰富，有“钙库”之称，含钙582mg/100g，可补充蛇需求量较大的钙元素。
甘草：性甘平，归心、肺、脾、胃经，主要有益气健脾、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、缓和药性等作用。
鱼腥草:有清热解毒，利尿消肿的功效；可治肺炎、肺脓疡、热痢、疟疾、水肿、淋病、白带、痈肿、痔疮、湿疹、秃疮、疥癣。
小球藻:富含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和多种维生素，可增强人体免疫功能、抗病毒感染和增殖、抑制癌细胞增殖、迅速修复机体损伤、排除体内毒素。
酵母粉:富含蛋白质及磷、钙、锌等多种矿物质，尤其是磷的含量极为丰富，可补充蛇需求量较大的磷元素
双歧杆菌:双歧杆菌属于放线菌科，其代谢产物是乳酸和乙酸，可维护肠道正常细菌菌群平衡，抑制病原菌的生长，防止便秘，下痢和胃肠障碍等。
花椒:味辛、性热，归脾、胃经；有温中散寒，除湿止痛，杀虫解毒，止痒解腥之功效；主要治疗呕吐，风寒湿痹，齿痛等症。
防御素:防御素是一类可杀死细菌、真菌或者病毒等微生物并有抗肿瘤活性的多肽，能杀灭一些被膜病毒。
溶菌酶:又称胞壁质酶，可破坏细胞壁中的N-乙酰胞壁酸和N-乙酰氨基葡糖之间的β-1,4糖苷键，使细胞壁不溶性黏多糖分解成可溶性糖肽，导致细胞壁破裂内容物逸出而使细菌溶解，同时，溶菌酶还可与带负电荷的病毒蛋白直接结合，与DNA、RNA、脱辅基蛋白形成复盐，使病毒失活，因此，该酶具有抗菌、消炎、抗病毒等作用。
大豆多肽:即"肽基大豆蛋白水解物"的简称，是大豆蛋白质经蛋白酶作用，再经特殊处理而得到的蛋白质水解产物；可促进微生物生长发育，调节改善胃肠功能，促进能量代谢。
茶多酚:茶多酚是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称，包括黄烷醇类、花色苷类、黄酮类、黄酮醇类和酚酸类等，可以增强消化道的蠕动，刺激胃肠道反应，提高人体的综合免疫能力，抑制和杀灭引起腹泻的各种有害病原菌。
黄柏:黄柏为芸香科植物，其有效成分是小檗碱，小檗碱是一种季铵生物碱，抗菌谱广，体外对多种革兰阳性及阴性菌均具抑菌作用，对果蔬的灰霉、叶霉病、白粉病、霜霉病，疫霉病有较好防治效果。
三颗针:富含小檗碱、小檗胺、掌叶防已碱、药根碱，对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、溶血性链球菌、肠球菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌以及钩端螺旋体等均有较强的抗菌活性，以革兰阳性球菌为敏感。
黄精:黄精为百合科植物，其有效成分主要是甾体皂甙类和黄精多糖类化合物，对灰霉病菌、黑霉病菌、腐烂病菌、褐腐病菌、大班病菌和黄萎病菌等有很强的抑制作用。
大蒜:大蒜中的有效成分是大蒜素，为三硫代烯丙醚类化合物，对多种球菌、杆菌、真菌、病毒等均有抑制或杀灭作用。
芦荟:具有泻火解毒、化瘀、杀虫、杀菌、抗炎、健胃下泄、强心活血的功效；可治疗目赤、便秘、白浊、尿血、疥疮、痈疖肿毒、跌打损伤。
决明子:决明子为豆科植物，其有效成分主要为甾体化合物、蒽衍生物和大黄素类，对镰孢菌、弯孢菌、菌核病菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和炭疽病都有很好的抑制作用。
槟榔:槟榔具有杀虫、破积、降气行滞、行水化湿的功效，可治疗绦虫、钩虫、蛔虫、绕虫、姜片虫等寄生虫感染。
大籽蒿:大籽蒿为菊科植物，其有效成分主要是挥发油和甾醇类化合物，能有效抑制灰霉病、白粉病和炭疽病菌的生长。
丁香精油:丁香精油由桃金娘科蒲桃属乔木丁香提炼而来，可消炎抗菌、驱虫，能抑制细菌及微生物滋长。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明在幼蛇阶段给蛇灌喂复合营养剂来开胃清理胎粪，刺激幼蛇有饥饿感，可提高开口率和增强抵抗力；在雏蛇阶段、快速生长阶段和育肥阶段均定时定量给蛇投喂防病剂，可部分杀灭体内病菌，防止病菌的侵染，预防急性病的爆发，减少死亡率；在养殖期间严格控制蛇房环境温度和湿度，定期给蛇房消毒，并保持干净通风，给蛇提供足量户外活动，通过调整养殖环境使适宜蛇生长发育，提高自身抵抗力，促生长；此外还给蛇提供药浴，可有效防止蛇皮肤真菌病害的大规模传染。
2.本发明抗菌剂组分中花椒粉、防御素、溶菌酶、大豆多肽和茶多酚配合可抗菌、抗病毒和调节免疫，达到防病效果；而甘草粉、鱼腥草粉、小球藻粉、双歧杆菌和酵母粉协同可清热解毒，排出毒素，并刺激蛇的肠胃，加快胃肠蠕动，促消化，增加食欲，减少厌食。
3.本发明药液组分中黄柏、三颗针、黄精、大蒜、芦荟、决明子、槟榔和大籽蒿均含有抗真菌和抗病毒成分，与丁香精油、白酒和米醋一同用于蛇的药浴，可将蛇皮肤表面病原菌杀死，不但预防皮肤病的发生，还防止病原菌扩大传染。
【具体实施方式】
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，在幼蛇阶段：每条每日灌喂一次复合营养剂，每次灌喂20g；在雏蛇阶段：每条蛇每隔2天投喂20g饵料，并在饵料中添加8g防病剂一同饲喂；在快速生长阶段：每条蛇每隔5天投喂90g饲料，并在饲料中添加10g防病剂一同饲喂；在育肥阶段：每条蛇每隔7天投喂250g饲料，并在饲料中添加30g防病剂一同饲喂；养殖期间保持蛇房温度为25℃，湿度为70％；从雏蛇阶段开始每天给蛇1小时户外活动时间；每周2次药浴；蛇房每周用高锰酸钾水溶液消毒一次，并保持干净通风，高锰酸钾水溶液中高锰酸钾与水的重量比为1:1000。
本实施例复合营养剂主要是由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：葡萄糖10份、亚硒酸钠0.005、精氨酸0.04份、叶酸0.05份、胆碱0.09份、维生素C 0.03份、复合维生素B 0.02份、维生素E 0.01份和维生素A 0.02份。
本实施例防病剂包括以下重量份数的组分：荞麦20份、虾皮3份、甘草粉4份、鱼腥草粉6份、小球藻粉7份、花椒粉1份、酵母粉0.3份、双歧杆菌0.6份、防御素0.3份、溶菌酶0.1份、大豆多肽0.6份和茶多酚0.05份。
本实施例幼蛇阶段为蛇孵化后1-10天；所述雏蛇阶段为蛇体重为1-2斤；所述快速生长阶段为蛇体重为2-4斤；所述育肥阶段为蛇体重为4-5斤。
本实施例饵料由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：鸡蛋2份、青蛙1份、老鼠3份和玉米粉0.3份。
本实施例饲料由以下重量份数的组分混制而成：土元25份、鸡肉10份、麸皮10份、酵母粉0.3份、鸡蛋2份和鱼6份。
本实施例药浴是将蛇放入药液与28℃的温水的混合液中浸泡5分钟，所述药液主要是由以下重量份数的组分制成：黄柏7份、三颗针4份、黄精3份、大蒜10份、芦荟9份、决明子7份、槟榔5份、大籽蒿2份、丁香精油0.3份、白酒2份和米醋5份。
实施例2
本实施例一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，在幼蛇阶段：每条每日灌喂一次复合营养剂，每次灌喂25g；在雏蛇阶段：每条蛇每隔3天投喂75g饵料，并在饵料中添加15g防病剂一同饲喂；在快速生长阶段：每条蛇每隔7天投喂225g饲料，并在饲料中添加18g防病剂一同饲喂；在育肥阶段：每条蛇每隔8天投喂300g饲料，并在饲料中添加38g防病剂一同饲喂；养殖期间保持蛇房温度为30℃，湿度为85％；从雏蛇阶段开始每天给蛇2小时户外活动时间；每周3次药浴；蛇房每周用生石灰水溶液消毒一次，并保持干净通风，生石灰水溶液中生石灰与水的重量比为1:1500。
本实施例复合营养剂主要是由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：葡萄糖15份、亚硒酸钠0.008、精氨酸0.06份、叶酸0.08份、胆碱0.12份、维生素C 0.06份、复合维生素B 0.05份、维生素E 0.03份和维生素A 0.04份。
本实施例防病剂包括以下重量份数的组分：荞麦30份、虾皮7份、甘草粉8份、鱼腥草粉9份、小球藻粉9份、花椒粉3份、酵母粉0.6份、双歧杆菌0.8份、防御素0.5份、溶菌酶0.3份、大豆多肽0.9份和茶多酚0.09份。
本实施例幼蛇阶段为蛇孵化后1-10天；所述雏蛇阶段为蛇体重为1-2斤；所述快速生长阶段为蛇体重为2-4斤；所述育肥阶段为蛇体重为4-5斤。
本实施例饵料由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：鸡蛋4份、青蛙3份、老鼠6份和玉米粉0.7份。
本实施例饲料由以下重量份数的组分混制而成：土元31份、鸡肉22份、麸皮15份、酵母粉0.6份、鸡蛋5份和鱼9份。
本实施例药浴是将蛇放入药液与30℃的温水的混合液中浸泡10分钟，所述药液主要是由以下重量份数的组分制成：黄柏9份、三颗针7份、黄精7份、大蒜13份、芦荟12份、决明子11份、槟榔9份、大籽蒿4份、丁香精油0.7份、白酒5份和米醋8份。
实施例3
本实施例一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，在幼蛇阶段：每条每日灌喂一次复合营养剂，每次灌喂22g；在雏蛇阶段：每条蛇每隔2天投喂65g饵料，并在饵料中添加11g防病剂一同饲喂；在快速生长阶段：每条蛇每隔6天投喂200g饲料，并在饲料中添加15g防病剂一同饲喂；在育肥阶段：每条蛇每隔8天投喂280g饲料，并在饲料中添加35g防病剂一同饲喂；养殖期间保持蛇房温度为28℃，湿度为79％；从雏蛇阶段开始每天给蛇1小时户外活动时间；每周2次药浴；蛇房每周用高锰酸钾水溶液消毒一次，并保持干净通风，高锰酸钾水溶液中高锰酸钾与水的重量比为1:1200。
本实施例复合营养剂主要是由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：葡萄糖13份、亚硒酸钠0.0056、精氨酸0.05份、叶酸0.07份、胆碱0.10份、维生素C 0.04份、复合维生素B 0.03份、维生素E 0.02份和维生素A 0.03份。
本实施例防病剂包括以下重量份数的组分：荞麦25份、虾皮6份、甘草粉7份、鱼腥草粉7份、小球藻粉8份、花椒粉2份、酵母粉0.5份、双歧杆菌0.7份、防御素0.4份、溶菌酶0.2份、大豆多肽0.7份和茶多酚0.06份。
本实施例幼蛇阶段为蛇孵化后1-10天；所述雏蛇阶段为蛇体重为1-2斤；所述快速生长阶段为蛇体重为2-4斤；所述育肥阶段为蛇体重为4-5斤。
本实施例饵料由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：鸡蛋3份、青蛙2份、老鼠5份和玉米粉0.5份。
本实施例饲料由以下重量份数的组分混制而成：土元29份、鸡肉19份、麸皮14份、酵母粉0.5份、鸡蛋3份和鱼7份。
本实施例药浴是将蛇放入药液与29℃的温水的混合液中浸泡7分钟，所述药液主要是由以下重量份数的组分制成：黄柏8份、三颗针6份、黄精5份、大蒜12份、芦荟11份、决明子9份、槟榔6份、大籽蒿3份、丁香精油0.6份、白酒4份和米醋7份。
本发明养殖防病效果分析：
为了说明本发明效果，申请人使用本发明养殖方法在广西陆川县某养蛇场进行养殖。选择同一批次刚孵化的，体质相同，身体健康的水律蛇180条，按照实施例1的方法进行养殖，2年后，出栏率为93％(体重为4-5斤即可出栏)，饲养期间有6％的蛇患有霉斑病；有8％的蛇体内有蛔虫；有10％的蛇患有肠炎；12％的蛇患有急性肺炎，因没能及时治疗有部分死掉，但均未造成扩大传染。
按照实施例2的方法进行养殖，2年后，出栏率为96％(体重为4-5斤即可出栏)，饲养期间有3％的蛇患有霉斑病；有5％的蛇体内有蛔虫；有9％的蛇患有肠炎；10％的蛇患有急性肺炎，因没能及时治疗有部分死掉，但均未造成扩大传染。
按照实施例3的方法进行养殖，2年后，出栏率为92％(体重为4-5斤即可出栏)，饲养期间有8％的蛇患有霉斑病；有9％的蛇体内有蛔虫；有11％的蛇患有肠炎；14％的蛇患有急性肺炎，因没能及时治疗有部分死掉，但均未造成扩大传染。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，其特征在于：在幼蛇阶段：每条每日灌喂一次复合营养剂，每次灌喂20-25g；在雏蛇阶段：每条蛇每隔2-3天投喂20-75g饵料，并在饵料中添加8-15g防病剂一同饲喂；在快速生长阶段：每条蛇每隔5-7天投喂90-225g饲料，并在饲料中添加10-18g防病剂一同饲喂；在育肥阶段：每条蛇每隔7-8天投喂250-300g饲料，并在饲料中添加30-38g防病剂一同饲喂；养殖期间保持蛇房温度为25-30℃，湿度为70-85％；从雏蛇阶段开始每天给蛇1-2小时户外活动时间；每周2-3次药浴；蛇房每周用高锰酸钾水溶液或生石灰水溶液消毒一次，并保持干净通风；
所述复合营养剂主要是由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：葡萄糖10-15份、亚硒酸钠0.005-0.008、精氨酸0.04-0.06份、叶酸0.05-0.08份、胆碱0.09-0.12份、维生素C 0.03-0.06份、复合维生素B 0.02-0.05份、维生素E 0.01-0.03份和维生素A 0.02-0.04份；
所述防病剂包括以下重量份数的组分：荞麦20-30份、虾皮3-7份、甘草粉4-8份、鱼腥草粉6-9份、小球藻粉7-9份、花椒粉1-3份、酵母粉0.3-0.6份、双歧杆菌0.6-0.8份、防御素0.3-0.5份、溶菌酶0.1-0.3份、大豆多肽0.6-0.9份和茶多酚0.05-0.09份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，其特征在于：所述幼蛇阶段为蛇孵化后1-10天；所述雏蛇阶段为蛇体重为1-2斤；所述快速生长阶段为蛇体重为2-4斤；所述育肥阶段为蛇体重为4-5斤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，其特征在于：所述饵料由以下重量份数的原料混制而成：鸡蛋2-4份、青蛙1-3份、老鼠3-6份和玉米粉0.3-0.7份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，其特征在于：所述饲料由以下重量份数的组分混制而成：土元25-31份、鸡肉10-22份、麸皮10-15份、酵母粉0.3-0.6份、鸡蛋2-5份和鱼6-9份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，其特征在于：所述药浴是将蛇放入药液与28-30℃的温水的混合液中浸泡5-10分钟，所述药液主要是由以下重量份数的组分制成：黄柏7-9份、三颗针4-7份、黄精3-7份、大蒜10-13份、芦荟9-12份、决明子7-11份、槟榔5-9份、大籽蒿2-4份、丁香精油0.3-0.7份、白酒2-5份和米醋5-8份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水律蛇的防病养殖方法，其特征在于：所述高锰酸钾水溶液或生石灰水溶液中高锰酸钾或生石灰与水的重量比为1:1000-1500。
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