CN107094482B - Borage planting method capable of improving seed setting rate - Google Patents
Borage planting method capable of improving seed setting rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN107094482B CN107094482B CN201710407020.4A CN201710407020A CN107094482B CN 107094482 B CN107094482 B CN 107094482B CN 201710407020 A CN201710407020 A CN 201710407020A CN 107094482 B CN107094482 B CN 107094482B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a borage planting method for improving seed setting rate, and relates to the technical field of planting. The borage planting method for improving the seed setting rate comprises the following steps: and sowing borage seeds in a planting area with the ground temperature of 12-15 ℃. The borage seeds are sowed in a planting area according to the planting distance of 25-45 cm, the line distance of 30-50 cm and the hole depth of 2-5 cm, and 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole. The borage is sprayed with a first nutrient solution mainly containing a growth regulator, a second nutrient solution mainly containing a phosphorus-containing fertilizer and a third nutrient solution mainly containing fruit fermentation at least once respectively in the initial flowering stage, the full flowering stage and the mature stage. By respectively spraying different types of nutrient solutions in the initial flowering phase, full flowering phase and mature phase of the borage, the metabolism capability of borage plants is improved, and the accumulation of assimilation substances in grains is increased. Therefore, the seed setting rate of the borage seeds is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, and in particular relates to a borage planting method for improving seed setting rate.
Background
Seed set percentage refers to the percentage of the total number of glume flowers occupied by the filled grains of the cereal crop. Improving the fruit set percentage of crops is an effective means for improving the fruit yield of crops.
The seed setting rate of borage is influenced by genetic characteristics, biochemical reactions and environmental conditions.
At present, the seed setting rate of borage is generally low, and under the condition that the genetic characteristics and biochemical reaction factors of borage cannot be changed, the improvement of the seed setting rate by changing the environmental conditions of borage is very important.
The invention is provided in view of the above.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a borage planting method for improving the seed setting rate so as to improve the seed setting rate of the borage.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a borage planting method for improving seed setting rate, which comprises the following steps:
and sowing borage seeds in a planting area with the ground temperature of 12-15 ℃. The borage seeds are sowed in a planting area according to the planting distance of 25-45 cm, the line distance of 30-50 cm and the hole depth of 2-5 cm, and 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole. The borage is sprayed with a first nutrient solution mainly containing a growth regulator, a second nutrient solution mainly containing a phosphorus-containing fertilizer and a third nutrient solution mainly containing fruit fermentation at least once respectively in the initial flowering stage, the full flowering stage and the mature stage.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the borage planting method for improving the seed setting rate, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, different types of nutrient solutions are respectively sprayed in the initial flowering stage, the full flowering stage and the mature stage of the borage, so that the metabolic capability of borage plants is improved and the accumulation of assimilation substances in seeds is increased under the action of proper concentration and reasonable dosage of the corresponding nutrient solutions. Therefore, the seed setting rate of the borage seeds is effectively improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The borage planting method for improving the seed set rate of the embodiment of the invention is specifically described below.
Borage is an annual herbaceous plant of the family Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae), with a cucumber aroma (academic name: Borago officinalis). The height of the plant is 60cm, and the plant is rough. Big leaves, rough, long round, loose inflorescence and drooping; pedicel is usually pale red; flower star, bright blue, sometimes white or rose; the stamens are bright yellow, 5 stamens are arranged in a cone shape in the center of the flower. By improving the seed vitality of the borage, the high-yield borage can be planted.
A borage planting method for improving seed setting rate comprises the following steps:
and selecting a planting area.
The borage has strong adaptability. Taking Qilian mountains as an example, the borage has higher yield in cold areas along the Qilian mountains and in areas with the elevation of 1700-2500 m. Meanwhile, according to the habit of borage, a sandy land (namely a sandy land) and a heavy saline-alkali land are not suitable for planting.
Therefore, the planting area is preferably selected from non-sandy land and non-heavy saline-alkali land with the elevation of 1700-2500 m. Meanwhile, in order to facilitate the planting operation of the borage, the plots with flat terrain and soil moisture content are preferably selected, and no requirement is imposed on previous crops.
And carrying out soil preparation and fertilization on the selected planting area.
Applying farmyard manure 2-3 m per mu in the planting area3Fertilizing 15-25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-15 kg of potassium sulfate. The four fertilizers provide basic organic nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the borage. The four fertilizers can be mixed according to the fertilizing amount per hectare and then applied to the planting area, and can also be respectively applied to the planting area according to the fertilizing amount per hectare of each fertilizer as long as the uniform fertilizing amount is ensured.
And carrying out rotary tillage and leveling on the planting area applied with the base fertilizer. The soil moisture content can be improved through rotary tillage, and the base fertilizer can be fully mixed with soil in a planting area, so that the fertilizer efficiency is uniform and durable. Leveling, namely raking and leveling the planting area after rotary tillage, and flattening the land in the raking and leveling process. Through leveling, the soil in the planting area is finely crushed and leveled, meanwhile, the soil moisture content in the planting area is guaranteed, and the borage can grow favorably.
And (5) covering the planting area with a film.
When the mulching film is coated, the mulching film and the mulching film are mutually lapped and completely covered on the planting area from the edge of the straight ridge of the planting area.
Furthermore, soil is pressed at intervals on the mulching film to form soil ridges. Preferably, 2m is arranged between two adjacent soil edges. Borage is planted between adjacent soil ridges.
Preferably, the mulching film is selected from agricultural black films with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.008 mm. By selecting the agricultural black film, the effects of temperature increase, heat preservation and soil moisture preservation can be achieved, and soil hardening can be prevented. In addition, due to the light-tight characteristic of the agricultural black film, the covered planting area causes difficult weed growth due to lack of sunlight irradiation on the ground.
Before sowing, borage seeds can be treated.
The treatment process comprises the following steps: selecting borage seeds with high purity, less impurities, full particles and high germination rate for coating, placing the coated seeds in the sun for drying for 2-3 days, and then waiting for sowing. Wherein, the coating agent can be selected from conventional coating agents. By treating the borage seeds, the germination rate and the disease resistance of the borage seeds can be improved.
Planting the treated borage seeds in a planting area.
Covering the planting area with the ground, and sowing when the ground temperature is 12-15 ℃. And adding the treated borage seeds into a seeder, and carrying out delta-shaped seeding according to the plant spacing of 25-45 cm and the line spacing of 50-70 cm. In addition, the depth of each hole is 2-5 cm, and 2-3 borage seeds are planted in each hole. After sowing, covering the sowing hole of the sowing device. 2-3 borage seeds are sown in each hole, so that the germination success rate is ensured, and the plants are prevented from being transplanted in the follow-up holes where the plants do not grow.
It can be understood that each mulch film is planted with two rows of borage, one film and two rows, according to the mulch film with the width of 140 cm. By selecting the mulching film with fixed width, the line spacing of the borage can be conveniently controlled.
Through the sowing mode, the reasonable borage plant density is determined. Meanwhile, by the aid of the sowing mode, borage plants in each hectare can reach 4300 plants, and yield of borage seeds is guaranteed.
And (5) performing field management on borage in the growth period.
The growing period of the borage comprises a seedling period, an initial flowering period, a full flowering period and a mature period.
In the seedling stage, the borage seeds grow from germination to growth to reach the state that the plants comprise three leaves and one bud, namely three leaves and one heart. When the growing vigor of the borage plants reaches three leaves and one heart, thinning the borage plants to ensure that the borage plants grow one seedling in one hole. Through thinning, the later growth vigor of the borage is ensured, so that the vitality of the seeds of the borage is ensured.
The plants in the initial flowering stage of the borage grow to reach the bolting state of 40-50% of the total plants after the seedling stage. In order to ensure the vitality of the borage seeds, the first nutrient solution is sprayed on the borage at least once in the initial flowering period.
The first nutrient solution comprises sodium naphthalene acetate with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.5%, urea with the mass concentration of 0.3-0.7% and a bactericide with the mass concentration of 0.01-0.03%; the balance of water. That is, the first nutrient solution is mainly a growth regulator.
Wherein, the sodium naphthalene acetate is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator, and the fast and steady growth of the borage can be promoted by spraying the sodium naphthalene acetate, so as to prepare for flowering.
The urea can assist the sodium naphthalene acetate to provide more fertilizer for the borage. The borage is promoted by the sodium naphthalene acetate, the requirement on nutrition can be further improved, and the borage can be prevented from being weak in later growth by adding the borage.
The bactericide is at least one of Shuanglingmanzinc, mancozeb and Shuanguremanzinc. The said germicides are all broad-spectrum germicides. It is understood that the biocide is selected from any mixture of one or more of the above biocides in any proportion. By adding the bactericide into the first nutrient solution, the borage can be prevented from being threatened by plant diseases and insect pests in the initial flowering phase, full flowering phase and mature phase, and a good foundation is laid for improving the maturing rate.
The first nutrient solution is sprayed by 25-35L per mu. The growth condition of the borage can be ensured by spraying the first nutrient solution to the borage in the initial flowering stage, and preparation is made for the full flowering stage.
The full-bloom stage is that the plants of the borage grow to the state that the flower buds of the total plants are basically all blossoms after the initial flowering stage. In order to ensure the vitality of the borage seeds, the second nutrient solution is sprayed on the borage at least once in the full-bloom stage.
The second nutrient solution comprises a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.5% and a glycosyl auxiliary material; the balance being water. It will be appreciated that the second nutrient solution is based on a phosphorus-containing fertilizer.
By adding the glycosyl auxiliary material into the second nutrient solution, bees can be attracted to improve the pollination rate of the borage. Meanwhile, the glycosyl-reducing auxiliary material can also promote the film formation of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the borage plants, and ensure that the second nutrient solution can exert fertilizer efficiency in the whole full-bloom period.
In one implementation scheme of the invention, the glycosyl auxiliary material is white granulated sugar, and every 45-55L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution comprises 400-600 g of white granulated sugar.
In another implementation scheme of the invention, the sugar-based auxiliary material is honey, and every 45-55L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution comprises 250-350 g of honey.
And spraying 45-55L of the second nutrient solution per mu. The spraying time of the second nutrient solution is 5-7 hours in the morning of sunny days. By controlling the spraying amount and the spraying time of the second nutrient solution, enough nutrient components can be ensured for the borage to grow in the full-bloom stage, and meanwhile, the fertilizer efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer and the pollination rate of plants are improved through the glycosyl auxiliary material.
In order to meet the requirement of borage on water in the whole growth period, the plants of the borage are irrigated at least once in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period by taking a cold and cold area of Qilian mountains as an example. And the timing of irrigation at each time is matched with the timing of applying the nutrient solution.
And (5) collecting the grains after the seeds are matured.
After the borage plants have reached maturity, the plants begin to set. And spraying a third nutrient solution on the initial borage plants to provide the seed setting rate of the borage. The third nutrient solution is prepared from a fruit fermentation product, and the fruit fermentation product can promote the seed setting of the borage.
The third nutrient solution is prepared by the following method:
soaking 20-40 parts by weight of honeydew melon, 40-60 parts by weight of apple, 10-20 parts by weight of fragrant peach, 10-20 parts by weight of kiwi fruit and 1-3 parts by weight of rose in clear water for thoroughly cleaning. And then adding the raw materials into a grinder for grinding to obtain mixed slurry. And mixing the obtained mixed slurry, 6-8 parts by weight of brown sugar and 20-30 parts by weight of water, and fermenting for 30-50 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃. The fermentation process is aerobic fermentation, for example, the materials can be added into a fermentation tank and sealed by gauze. And filtering impurities in the fermentation product, and mixing the obtained clear liquid with water with the mass multiple of 20-30.
The spraying time of the third nutrient solution is 9 am or 16 pm before or after of sunny days. And spraying 20-30L of the third nutrient solution per mu. By controlling the spraying amount and the spraying time of the third nutrient solution, the pollinated borage is promoted to fruit and necessary nutrients necessary for fruit bearing are provided for borage plants.
Meanwhile, various fruits are used as raw materials in the third nutrient solution, and no chemical reagent is introduced, so that the pollution to the borage fruits is avoided.
When 90% of the total plants and more than 90% of the total plants have yellow leaves and inflorescences and two thirds of grains fall off, the fallen grains are collected. At the moment, the partially fallen seeds are positioned on the surface of the mulching film and collected on the surface of the mulching film.
For one third of seeds which do not fall off, after the borage plants are ripened for 3-5 days, each borage plant is shoveled down and then is concentrated to one place on the mulching film. Beating the collected plants to enable all seeds to fall off, and collecting the fallen seeds again after the beaten plants are moved away.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
And selecting a cold area of the Qilian mountain with the altitude of 1800-1900 as a planting area.
2m per hectare of land in a growing area3The fertilizer comprises farmyard manure, 15kg of diammonium phosphate, 10kg of urea and 5kg of potassium sulfate, and then carrying out rotary tillage and leveling on a planting area to which the base fertilizer is applied.
Covering an agricultural black film with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.008mm on the planting area after rotary tillage. Two adjacent plastic films are mutually overlapped to realize the complete coverage of the planting area. Soil ridges are formed by pressing soil at intervals of 2m along the width direction of the mulching film.
Measuring the ground temperature to be 12 ℃, drying the coated borage seeds in the sun for 2 days, planting the borage seeds in a pattern-shaped manner in a planting area at a plant spacing of 25cm and a line spacing of 35cm, wherein the depth of each hole is 3cm, and 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole.
In the seedling stage, thinning borage seedlings in each hole to obtain one plant in each hole.
And irrigating borage plants once in the initial flowering period. And spraying a first nutrient solution comprising sodium naphthaleneacetate with the mass concentration of 0.5%, urea with the mass concentration of 0.3% and a bactericide with the mass concentration of 0.01% to borage plants according to 25L per mu.
And irrigating borage plants once in the full-bloom period. Every 400g of white granulated sugar is dissolved in every 45L of 0.1 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to form a second nutrient solution. And spraying the second nutrient solution to borage plants at 5-7 am according to 45L per mu.
And spraying a third nutrient solution to the borage plants in the mature period by 20L per mu before 9 am.
The third nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: preparing 20kg of honeydew melon, 40kg of apple, 10kg of fragrant peach, 10kg of kiwi fruit and 1kg of rose into mixed slurry, mixing the mixed slurry, 6kg of brown sugar and 20kg of water, adding the mixture into a fermentation tank, sealing the fermentation tank by using gauze, fermenting for 30 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, filtering impurities, and mixing with the water with the mass multiple of 20. The third nutrient solution can be prepared according to the planting acreage of the borage.
And (5) collecting the grains after the seeds are matured.
Example 2
A cold and cool area of the Qilian mountain with the altitude of 1850-2000 is selected as a planting area.
Applying 2.2m per mu of land in the planting area3The fertilizer comprises 18kg of diammonium phosphate, 12kg of urea and 7kg of potassium sulfate, and then the planting area applied with the base fertilizer is subjected to rotary tillage and leveling.
Covering an agricultural black film with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.008mm on the planting area after rotary tillage. Two adjacent plastic films are mutually overlapped to realize the complete coverage of the planting area. Soil ridges are formed by pressing soil at intervals of 2m along the width direction of the mulching film.
Measuring the ground temperature to be 14 ℃, drying the coated borage seeds in the sun for 3d, planting the borage seeds in a pattern-shaped manner in a planting area at a plant spacing of 30cm and a line spacing of 38cm, wherein the hole depth is 3cm, and 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole.
In the seedling stage, thinning borage seedlings in each hole to obtain one plant in each hole.
And irrigating borage plants once in the initial flowering period. And spraying a first nutrient solution comprising sodium naphthaleneacetate with the mass concentration of 0.8%, urea with the mass concentration of 0.4% and a bactericide with the mass concentration of 0.015% to borage plants according to 27L per mu.
And irrigating borage plants once in the full-bloom period. Every 550g of white granulated sugar is dissolved in every 50L of 0.3 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to form a second nutrient solution. And spraying the second nutrient solution to borage plants at 5-7 am according to 50L per mu.
And spraying a third nutrient solution to the borage plants in the mature period by 20L per mu before 9 am.
The third nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: preparing 25kg of honeydew melon, 45kg of apple, 12kg of fragrant peach, 12kg of kiwi fruit and 1.5kg of rose into mixed slurry, mixing the mixed slurry, 6.5kg of brown sugar and 25kg of water, adding the mixture into a fermentation tank, sealing the fermentation tank by using gauze, fermenting at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 35 days, filtering impurities, and mixing with water with the mass multiple of 23. The third nutrient solution can be prepared according to the planting acreage of the borage.
And (5) collecting the grains after the seeds are matured.
Example 3
And selecting a cold area of the Qilian mountain with the altitude of 2000-2100 as a planting area.
2.5m per hectare of land in a growing area320kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate, and then carrying out rotary tillage and leveling on the planting area to which the base fertilizer is applied.
Covering an agricultural black film with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.008mm on the planting area after rotary tillage. Two adjacent plastic films are mutually overlapped to realize the complete coverage of the planting area. Soil ridges are formed by pressing soil at intervals of 2m along the width direction of the mulching film.
Measuring the ground temperature to be 15 ℃, drying the coated borage seeds in the sun for 2 days, planting the borage seeds in a pattern-shaped manner in a planting area at a plant spacing of 35cm and a line spacing of 40cm, wherein the depth of each hole is 3cm, and 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole.
In the seedling stage, thinning borage seedlings in each hole to obtain one plant in each hole.
And irrigating borage plants once in the initial flowering period. And spraying a first nutrient solution comprising sodium naphthaleneacetate with the mass concentration of 1.0%, urea with the mass concentration of 0.5% and a bactericide with the mass concentration of 0.02% to borage plants according to 29L per mu.
And irrigating borage plants once in the full-bloom period. Every 500g of white granulated sugar is dissolved in every 50L of 0.25 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to form a second nutrient solution. And spraying the second nutrient solution to borage plants at 5-7 am according to 50L per mu.
And spraying a third nutrient solution to the borage plants in the mature period according to 25L per mu before 9 am.
The third nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: preparing 30kg of honeydew melon, 50kg of apple, 15kg of fragrant peach, 15kg of kiwi fruit and 2kg of rose into mixed slurry, mixing the mixed slurry, 7kg of brown sugar and 25kg of water, adding the mixture into a fermentation tank, sealing the fermentation tank by using gauze, fermenting for 40 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, filtering impurities, and mixing with water with the mass multiple of 25. The third nutrient solution can be prepared according to the planting acreage of the borage.
And (5) collecting the grains after the seeds are matured.
Example 4
And selecting a cold area of the Qilian mountain with the altitude of 1800-1950 as a planting area.
2.8m per hectare of land in a growing area322kg of diammonium phosphate, 14kg of urea and 13kg of potassium sulfate, and then carrying out rotary tillage and leveling on the planting area to which the base fertilizer is applied.
Covering an agricultural black film with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.008mm on the planting area after rotary tillage. Two adjacent plastic films are mutually overlapped to realize the complete coverage of the planting area. Soil ridges are formed by pressing soil at intervals of 2m along the width direction of the mulching film.
Measuring the ground temperature to be 13 ℃, drying the coated borage seeds in the sun for 2 days, planting the borage seeds in a pattern-shaped manner in a planting area at a plant spacing of 45cm and a line spacing of 65cm, wherein the depth of each hole is 3cm, and 2-3 grains are planted in each hole.
In the seedling stage, thinning borage seedlings in each hole to obtain one plant in each hole.
And irrigating borage plants once in the initial flowering period. And spraying a first nutrient solution comprising sodium naphthaleneacetate with the mass concentration of 1.2%, urea with the mass concentration of 0.6% and a bactericide with the mass concentration of 0.01% to borage plants according to 25L per mu.
And irrigating borage plants once in the full-bloom period. Every 300g of honey was dissolved in every 52L of 0.4 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to form a second nutrient solution. And spraying the second nutrient solution to borage plants at 5-7 am according to 52L per mu.
And spraying a third nutrient solution to the borage plants in the mature period by 20L per mu before 9 am.
The third nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: preparing 35kg of honeydew melon, 52kg of apple, 16kg of fragrant peach, 17kg of kiwi fruit and 2.5kg of rose into mixed slurry, mixing the mixed slurry, 8kg of brown sugar and 27kg of water, adding the mixture into a fermentation tank, sealing the fermentation tank by using gauze, fermenting for 45 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, filtering impurities, and mixing with water with the mass multiple of 28. The third nutrient solution can be prepared according to the planting acreage of the borage.
And (5) collecting the grains after the seeds are matured.
Example 5
And selecting a cold area of the Qilian mountain with the altitude of 2200-2300 as a planting area.
3m per hectare of land in the planting area3The fertilizer comprises 25kg of diammonium phosphate, 15kg of urea and 15kg of potassium sulfate, and then carrying out rotary tillage and leveling on a planting area to which the base fertilizer is applied.
Covering an agricultural black film with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.008mm on the planting area after rotary tillage. Two adjacent plastic films are mutually overlapped to realize the complete coverage of the planting area. Soil ridges are formed by pressing soil at intervals of 2m along the width direction of the mulching film.
Measuring the ground temperature to be 13 ℃, drying the coated borage seeds in the sun for 2.5 days, planting the borage seeds in a pattern-shaped manner in a planting area at a plant spacing of 50cm and a line spacing of 70cm, wherein the hole depth is 3cm, and 2-3 granules are planted in each hole.
In the seedling stage, thinning borage seedlings in each hole to obtain one plant in each hole.
And irrigating borage plants once in the initial flowering period. And spraying a first nutrient solution comprising sodium naphthaleneacetate with the mass concentration of 1.4%, urea with the mass concentration of 0.6% and a bactericide with the mass concentration of 0.03% to borage plants according to 32L per mu.
And irrigating borage plants once in the full-bloom period. Every 350g of white granulated sugar is dissolved in every 55L of 0.5 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to form a second nutrient solution. And spraying the second nutrient solution to borage plants at 5-7 am according to 55L per mu.
And spraying a third nutrient solution after 17 hours in the afternoon for 20L per mu of borage plants in the mature period.
The third nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: preparing 38kg of honeydew melon, 57kg of apple, 12kg of fragrant peach, 18kg of kiwi fruit and 3kg of rose into mixed slurry, mixing the mixed slurry, 6kg of brown sugar and 30kg of water, adding the mixture into a fermentation tank, sealing the fermentation tank by using gauze, fermenting for 50 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, filtering impurities, and mixing the filtered mixture with water with the mass multiple of 30. The third nutrient solution can be prepared according to the planting acreage of the borage.
And (5) collecting the grains after the seeds are matured.
Example 6
And selecting a cold area of the Qilian mountain with the altitude of 2000-2100 as a planting area.
2.5m per hectare of land in a growing area320kg of diammonium phosphate, 13kg of urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate, and then carrying out rotary tillage and leveling on the planting area to which the base fertilizer is applied.
Covering an agricultural black film with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.008mm on the planting area after rotary tillage. Two adjacent plastic films are mutually overlapped to realize the complete coverage of the planting area. Soil ridges are formed by pressing soil at intervals of 2m along the width direction of the mulching film.
Measuring the ground temperature to be 15 ℃, drying the coated borage seeds in the sun for 2 days, planting the borage seeds in a pattern-shaped manner in a planting area at a plant spacing of 35cm and a line spacing of 40cm, wherein the depth of each hole is 3cm, and 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole.
In the seedling stage, thinning borage seedlings in each hole to obtain one plant in each hole.
And irrigating borage plants once in the initial flowering period. And spraying a first nutrient solution comprising sodium naphthaleneacetate with the mass concentration of 1.5%, urea with the mass concentration of 0.7% and a bactericide with the mass concentration of 0.025% to borage plants according to 30L per mu.
And irrigating borage plants once in the full-bloom period. Every 400g of white granulated sugar is dissolved in every 50L of 0.3 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to form a second nutrient solution. And spraying the second nutrient solution to borage plants at 5-7 am according to 45L per mu.
And spraying a third nutrient solution after 16 hours in the afternoon for 20L per mu of borage plants in the mature period.
The third nutrient solution is prepared by the following method: preparing 40kg of honeydew melon, 60kg of apple, 20kg of fragrant peach, 20kg of kiwi fruit and 3kg of rose into mixed slurry, mixing the mixed slurry, 8kg of brown sugar and 30kg of water, adding the mixture into a fermentation tank, sealing the fermentation tank by using gauze, fermenting for 50 days at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, filtering impurities, and mixing the filtered mixture with water with the mass multiple of 30. The third nutrient solution can be prepared according to the planting acreage of the borage.
And (5) collecting the grains after the seeds are matured.
The seed yields obtained in examples 1-6 were counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical results
Note: the number of knots and the number of flowering plants were counted individually.
As can be seen from examples 1 to 6, the borage planting methods of examples 1 to 6 all have high seed yield, and the borage planted in examples 1 to 6 all have high seed set rate.
Comparative example 1
And selecting a cold area of the Qilian mountain with the altitude of 2000-2100 as a planting area.
15kg of urea, 110kg of diammonium phosphate and 120kg of potassium sulfate are applied per hectare to the land in the planting area, and then the planting area applied with the base fertilizer is subjected to rotary tillage and leveling.
Covering an agricultural black film with the width of 140cm and the thickness of 0.008mm on the planting area after rotary tillage. Two adjacent plastic films are mutually overlapped to realize the complete coverage of the planting area. Soil ridges are formed by pressing soil at intervals of 2m along the width direction of the mulching film.
Measuring the ground temperature to be 15 ℃, drying the coated borage seeds in the sun for 2 days, planting the borage seeds in a pattern-shaped manner in a planting area at a plant spacing of 40cm and a line spacing of 60cm, wherein the depth of each hole is 3cm, and 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole.
In the seedling stage, thinning borage seedlings in each hole to obtain one plant in each hole.
And irrigating borage plants once in the initial flowering period.
And (5) collecting the grains after the seeds are matured.
Statistically, the average yield per hectare of comparative example 1 is 1017kg, the number of single plants is 44, the number of single plants is 53, and the maturing rate is 83%. The yield was significantly lower than in examples 1-6.
In conclusion, according to the borage planting method for improving the seed setting rate, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, different types of nutrient solutions are respectively sprayed in the initial flowering stage, the full flowering stage and the mature stage of the borage, so that the metabolic capability of borage plants is improved and the accumulation of assimilation substances in seeds is increased under the action of proper concentration and reasonable dosage of the corresponding nutrient solutions. Therefore, the seed setting rate of the borage seeds is effectively improved.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A borage planting method for improving seed setting rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sowing borage seeds in a planting area with the ground temperature of 12-15 ℃ and covered with a mulching film, wherein the borage seeds are sown in the planting area according to the plant spacing of 25-45 cm, the line spacing of 35-45 cm and the hole depth of 2-5 cm, 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole, the borage in the initial flowering phase and the full flowering phase is irrigated, and the borage is sprayed with a first nutrient solution mainly containing a growth regulator, a second nutrient solution mainly containing a phosphorus-containing fertilizer and a third nutrient solution mainly containing fruit fermentation at least once in the initial flowering phase, the full flowering phase and the mature phase respectively;
the first nutrient solution comprises a growth regulator with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.5%, urea with the mass concentration of 0.3-0.7% and a bactericide with the mass concentration of 0.01-0.03%, wherein the growth regulator is sodium naphthylacetate; the second nutrient solution comprises a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.5% and a glycosyl auxiliary material.
2. Borage planting method with increased seed set percentage according to claim 1,
spraying 25-35L of the first nutrient solution per mu;
the bactericide is selected from at least one of Shuanglingmanzinc, mancozeb and Shuanguremanzinc.
3. Borage planting method with increased seed set percentage according to claim 1,
the glycosyl auxiliary material is white granulated sugar, and every 45-55L of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution comprises 400-600 g of the white granulated sugar;
or the sugar-based auxiliary material is honey, and every 45-55L of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution comprises 250-350 g of the honey;
and spraying 45-55L of the second nutrient solution per mu.
4. The borage planting method for improving the maturing rate of claim 3, wherein the spraying time of the second nutrient solution is 5-7 am in sunny days.
5. A borage planting method capable of improving maturing rate according to claim 1, wherein the third nutrient solution is a mixed slurry prepared from 20 to 40 parts by weight of honeydew melon, 40 to 60 parts by weight of apple, 10 to 20 parts by weight of fragrant peach, 10 to 20 parts by weight of kiwi fruit and 1 to 3 parts by weight of rose, the mixed slurry, 6 to 8 parts by weight of brown sugar and 20 to 30 parts by weight of water are mixed, the mixture is fermented at 20 to 25 ℃ for 30 to 50 days, impurities are filtered, and the mixture is mixed with 20 to 30 parts by weight of water.
6. The borage planting method for improving the maturing rate of claim 1, wherein the spraying time of the third nutrient solution is 9 am or 16 pm before or after the morning on a sunny day;
and 20-30L of the third nutrient solution is sprayed per mu.
7. Borage planting method with increased seed set percentage according to claim 1, characterised in that the planting area is fertilized with farmyard manure 2-3 m/mu315-25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-15 kg of potassium sulfate, and then carrying out rotary tillage and leveling.
8. Borage planting method with increased seed set percentage according to claim 1, characterized in that borage at the three-leaf one-heart seedling stage is thinned so that the borage is grown one-hole one-seedling.
9. Borage planting method with increased seed set percentage according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of collecting seeds comprises: and (3) collecting seeds after two thirds of seeds of the borage fall off, after the seeds which do not fall off are matured for 3-5 days, concentrating plants of the borage, beating the plants to enable the seeds to fall off, and collecting the seeds again.
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