CN107081158B - 一种中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中空球状β‑Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂的制备方法，属于可见光催化材料的合成技术领域。本发明的技术方案要点为：将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于乙醇和丙三醇的混合溶液中得到溶液A；将硫脲加入到溶液A中搅拌均匀得到溶液B；将溶液B转入聚四氟乙烯反应釜中于180℃反应18h，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，过滤分离，用水和乙醇各洗涤三次，然后在恒温干燥箱中于60℃干燥，最后转移至马弗炉中于280℃煅烧即得中空球状β‑Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂。本发明制得的中空球状β‑Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂具有较好的光吸收性能、较大的比表面积和孔隙容积，在模拟太阳光照射下具有高效光催化氧化RhB废水和光催化还原Cr（VI）废水的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于可见光催化材料的合成技术领域，具体涉及一种中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
排入自然水体中的一些染料废水具有致毒、致癌、致突变作用，对人类的健康和生态系统造成严重威胁。此外对于废水中的污染物，备受关注的还有Cr（VI），铬在不同的工业活动中有着广泛的用途，如电镀、纺织染色、皮革鞣制和冶金等，导致含铬废水的毒性，Cr（VI）具有潜在致癌和致突变性，已被列为对人体健康造成最严重威胁的20种物质之一。因此，将它们从废水中有效的去除是至关重要的。在各种废水处理技术当中，半导体光催化技术能有效地降解污染物，是净化环境的一种很有前途的绿色技术。目前，铋（III）基氧化物光催化剂已经成为一种备受关注的光催化材料，特别是氧化铋，由于它无毒、成本低、具有相对较窄的带隙以及形态的多样性，被认为是一种潜在的极具前景的光催化剂材料，却因光生电子-空穴对的快速重组而受限。因此，构建Bi2O3异质结复合光催化剂被证实是提高光催化性能的一种有效策略，从而赋予单一组分更优越的性能。在各种金属硫族化合物中，由于硫化铋在水处理、储能和电化学传感等领域的广泛应用而引起愈来愈多研究者的关注。更重要的是，Bi2O3和Bi2S3具有良好的能带匹配从而形成异质结，使载流子有效分离从而提高光催化活性，开发载流子能够有效分离的高效光催化剂很有必要。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种在可见光下用于光催化氧化RhB废水和还原Cr（VI）废水的中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂及其制备方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案，一种中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于乙醇和丙三醇的混合溶液中得到溶液A；将硫脲加入到溶液A中搅拌均匀得到溶液B；将溶液B转入聚四氟乙烯反应釜中于180℃反应18h，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，过滤分离，用水和乙醇各洗涤三次，然后在恒温干燥箱中于60℃干燥，最后转移至马弗炉中于280℃煅烧即得中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂。
进一步优选，所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与硫脲的投料摩尔比为3:1。
本发明所述的中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂，其特征在于是由上述方法制备得到的。
本发明所述的中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂在可见光下光催化氧化RhB废水和还原Cr（VI）废水中的应用。
本发明制得的中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂具有较好的光吸收性能、较大的比表面积和孔隙容积，在模拟太阳光照射下具有高效光催化氧化RhB废水和光催化还原Cr（VI）废水的性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1-3制备的光催化剂的X射线衍射图谱；
图2是本发明实施例3制备的光催化剂的场发射扫描电镜图；
图3是本发明实施例3制备的光催化剂的透射电镜图；
图4是本发明实施例1-3制备的光催化剂光催化氧化RhB废水的降解柱状图；
图5是本发明实施例1-3制备的光催化剂光催化还原Cr（VI）废水的降解柱状图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明，但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例，凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
将1mM的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于乙醇和丙三醇的混合溶液中得到溶液A；将溶液A转入100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中于180℃反应18h，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，过滤分离，用水和乙醇各洗涤三次，然后在恒温干燥箱中于60℃干燥，最后转移至马弗炉中于280℃煅烧即得β-Bi2O3光催化剂（简称为BiO）。在350W Xe灯光照下反映90min，10mg/L的RhB的光催化氧化率为70%，10mg/L的Cr（VI）废水的光催化还原率为65%。
实施例2
将1mM的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于乙醇和丙三醇的混合溶液中得到溶液A；将3mM的硫脲加入到溶液A中搅拌均匀得到溶液B；将溶液B转入100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中于180℃反应18h，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，过滤分离，用水和乙醇各洗涤三次，然后在恒温干燥箱中于60℃干燥，最后转移至马弗炉中于280℃煅烧即得Bi2S3光催化剂（简称为BiS）。在350WXe灯光照下反应90min，10mg/L的RhB的光催化氧化率为43%，10mg/L的Cr（VI）废水的光催化还原率为27%。
实施例3
将9mM的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于乙醇和丙三醇的混合溶液中得到溶液A；将3mM的硫脲加入到溶液A中搅拌均匀制得溶液B；将溶液B转入100mL聚四氟乙烯反应釜中于180℃反应18h，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，过滤分离，用水和乙醇各洗三次，然后在恒温干燥箱中于60℃干燥，最后转移至马弗炉中于280℃煅烧即得中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂（简称为BiOS）。在350W Xe灯光照下反应90min，10mg/L的RhB的光催化氧化率能达到99.7%，10mg/L的Cr（VI）废水的光催化还原率能达到96.1%。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点，本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明原理的范围下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于乙醇和丙三醇的混合溶液中得到溶液A；将硫脲加入到溶液A中搅拌均匀得到溶液B；将溶液B转入聚四氟乙烯反应釜中于180℃反应18h，反应完成后自然冷却至室温，过滤分离，用水和乙醇各洗涤三次，然后在恒温干燥箱中于60℃干燥，最后转移至马弗炉中于280℃煅烧即得中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O与硫脲的投料摩尔比为3:1。
3.一种中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂，其特征在于是由权利要求1或2所述的方法制备得到的。
4.权利要求3所述的中空球状β-Bi2O3/Bi2S3异质结光催化剂在可见光下光催化氧化RhB废水和还原Cr（VI）废水中的应用。
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