CN107074879B - 应用于细胞结合分子-药物共轭体的新型细胞毒性分子 - Google Patents
应用于细胞结合分子-药物共轭体的新型细胞毒性分子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本专利涉及新型细胞毒素分子,吡咯[2,1‑c][1,4]苯二氮卓(PBD)类衍生物,此类分子同细胞结合分子的共轭体,共轭体制备以及它们在靶向治疗癌症、自身免疫缺陷疾病和传染性疾病的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明描述了一类新型的细胞毒性分子,吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮卓(PBD)衍生物和它们的在疾病治疗上的应用。这类分子在通过化学方式连接细胞结合分子后,被传送到指定的细胞,从而实现靶向治疗疾病的目的。
技术背景
在Brentuximab vedotin(商品名Adcetris)和Trastuzumab emtansine(商品名Kadcyla)成功上市之后,抗体药物共轭体(ADC)发展成为了一种非常有潜力的癌症临床治疗方法。这种新型的化合物由共价结合的具有抗癌活性的细胞毒性小分子和单克隆抗体所构成,可以把细胞毒性分子特定性地运送到有相应抗原表达的癌细胞内,从而杀死癌细胞。ADC药物的技术平台包括细胞毒性化合物,连接体技术,抗体技术和共轭偶联方法,且其内容还在扩展中。产生一个优化的ADC药物的一项关键因素是它的细胞毒性分子。
吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮卓(PBD)是一类来源于多种链霉菌类的具有DNA序列选择性的DNA结合试剂。其中为人们所熟知的化合物包括DC-81,托马霉素,porothramycin B,prothracarcin,甲基氨茴霉素,porothramycin,prothracarcin,sibanomycin,新茴霉素,奇卡霉素,abbemycin,矛霉素和安曲霉素(I.O’Neil,et al.,Tetrahedron Letters 2003,44,7809-7812;L.Cipolla,et al.,Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry,2009,9,1-31;L.Hurley,J.Antibiot.1977,30,349;K.Schimizu,et al.,J.Antibiot 1982,35,992;J.Lown,et al.,Biochem.Pharmacol.1979,28,2017;D.Thurston,et al.,Chem.Rev.1994,94,433;P.Molina,et al.,Tetrahedron 1995,51,5617;A.Kamal,et al.,Chem.Commun.1996,385;A.Kamal,et al.,Tetrahedron Lett.1996,37,6803)。这些化合物具备有抗癌活性是由于可以和DNA小沟上的Pu-G-Pu(Pu:嘌呤,G:鸟嘌呤)碱基对序列形成共价加合物;它们的C11位具有亲电性可以烷基化鸟嘌呤碱基上的NH2基团(D.Thurston,Molecular Aspects of Anticancer Drug-DNA Interactions,The Macmillan PressLtd.:London,UK,1993,54-88;D.Antonow,D.Thurston,Chem.Rev.,2011,111,2815-2864;P.Dervan,Science,1989,232,464;L.Hurley,J.Med.Chem.,1989,32,2027;D.Thurston,Chem.Br.,1990,26,767)。除此以外,PBD化合物不仅是抗肿瘤试剂,还是基因调节因子和DNA结构探针(L.Hurley,J.Med.Chem.,1989,32,2027-2033)。
Thurston和同事首先报道了C8/C8’联接的PBD二聚体(DSB-120)。在这个分子中,两个DC-81分子亚单元因各自A环上的苯酚基团与一个惰性的二氧丙基结构结合而连接在一起(D.Thurston,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,1996,61,8141)。这类C8/C8’-双醚键连接的PBD二聚体具备更好的,至少两倍于DC81单体的DNA结合力。两单体之间有三个碳原子的空间(n=3)的二聚体DSB-120可以识别并结合,位于相对位置的DNA单链上的,有两个碱基对错开的,在5’-Pu-GATC-Py碱基序列上的鸟嘌呤;这样的结合作用共跨越6对DNA碱基对(K.Rahman,et al.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2009,131(38),13756-13766;C.Martin,et al.,Biochemistry,2005,44(11),4135-4147)。更长一些的PBD二聚体(n=5)可以识别5’-Pu-GA(T/A)TC-Py碱基序列,与碱基对的结合共跨越7对碱基对(S.Hopton,A.Thompson,Biochemistry,2011,50(21),4720-4732;M.Smellie,et al.,Biochemistry,2003,42(27),8232-8239;S.Gregson,et al.,J.Med.Chem.,2004,47(5),1161-1174)。在C8/C8’-连接系列中,含有5个碳原子连接体的二聚体在几乎所有测试过的细胞株上均表现出最高的细胞毒性(D.Thurston,etal.,J.Org.Chem.,1996,61,8141;A.Kamal,et al.,Curr.Med.Chem.-Anticancer Agents,2002,2,215-254;S.Gregson,et al.,J.Med.Chem.,2004,47(5),1161-1174)。在C8/C8’连接的PBD二聚体被报道之后,人们合成了各种结构被修饰的PBD二聚体,并测试了它们的生物活性,特别是DNA结合性能和抗癌活性(U.S.Pat.Nos.8,383,618;8,372,831;8,217,167;8,318,726;8,153,627;7,754,694;7,741,319;7,704,924;7,612,062;7,608,615;7,557,099;7,528,128;7,528,126;7,476,664;7,465,724;7,429,658;7,407,951;7,312,210;7,265,105;7,189,710;7,183,054;7,173,026;7,067,511;7,056,913;7,049,311;7,015,215;6,979,684;6,951,853;6,939,869;6,884,799;6,800,622;6,683,073;6,660,856;6,562,806;6,362,331;J.Seifert,et al.,Org.Biomol.Chem.,2012,10(34),6850-6860;K.Rahman,et al.,J.Antimicro.Chem.,2012,67(7),1683-1696;J.Hartley,et al.,Cancer Research,2010,70(17),6849-6858;J.Hartley,et al.,Invest.New Drugs,2012,30(3),950-958;P.Howard,et al.,WO 2011130613;J.Hartley,et al.,ExpertOpin.Invest.Drugs.,2011,20(6),733-744;P.Howard,et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2009,19(22),6463-6466;L.Cipolla,et al.,Anti-Cancer Agents Med.Chem.,2009,9(1),1-31;Ar.Tiberghien,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2008,18(6),2073-2077;B.Purnell,et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2006,16(21),5677-5681;A.Kamal,Bioorg.Med.Chem.,2006,14(2),385-394;P.Howard,et al.,WO 2005085259;R.Kumar,et al.,Eur.J.Med.Chem.,2005,40(7),641-654;A.Kamal,et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.,2004,12(20),5427-5436;G.Wilkinson,Invest.New Drugs,2004,22(3),231-240;R.Kumar,etal.,Mini-Reviews Med.Chem.,2003,3(4),323-339;S.Gregson,et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2001,11(21),2859-2862;B.Reddy,et al.,Anti-Cancer DrugDesign,2000,15(3),225-238;Y.Damayanthi,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,1999,64,290-292)。其中一部分分子的结构式列在表1。值得注意的是,只有那些具有足够的弹性,可以和DNA小沟发生非扭曲的链间结合作用的PBD二聚体,才具有比PBD单体更高的活性。目前为止,已经有一系列这样的化合物进入临床试验阶段,但是由于生物可利用性差,大多数都没能被推进到下一阶段。因此,部分PBD二聚体被利用来与细胞结合分子,如抗体共轭结合,以增强它们的生物可利用性和治疗效果(U.S.Pat.Nos.8,426,402;8,404,678;8,163,736;8,097,238;A.Commercon,et al.,WO 2012014147;FR 2963007;P.Howard,et al.,WO 2011130598;P.Howard,et al.,WO 2011130613;P.Howard,et al.,WO 2011130616;A.Commercon,etal.,WO 2011023883;H.Bouchard,et al.,WO 2009016516;L.Gauzy,et al.,Eur.Pat.Appl.EP 2019104;L.Gauzy,Robert Zhao,et al.,WO 2007085930;L.Masterson,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Let.,2006,16(2),252-256;W.Li,et al.,WO 2012128868;N.Fishkin,et al.,WO 2012112687;R.Chari,WO 2012112708;Z.Zhilina,et al.,Bioconj.Chem.,2004,15(6),1182-1192;A.Kamal,et al.,MedChemComm,2011,2(8),780-8;L.Masterson,et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2006,16(2),252-6;M.Sagnou,et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2000,10(18),2083-2086;K.M.Rahman,et al.,J.Med.Chem.,2013,56,2911-35;A.Kamal,et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2012,22,571-8;M.C.Hsieh,et al.,Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.,2011,255,150-9;C.Lee,et al.,Chem BiolInteract,2009,180,360-7;B.Reddy,et al.,Anticancer Drug Des,2000,15,225-38)。然而,由这些PBD二聚体甚至以相应的前药形式所生成的抗体-药物共轭体在缓冲溶液里基本不溶,(WO 2012014147;WO 2012128868;WO 2012112687;WO 2011130616;P.Howard,etal.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2009,19(22),6463-6466;)从而导致了很严重的抗体或者蛋白质聚集。在本发明里,我们描述了几类新型的PBD二聚体衍生物,它们具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。更重要的是这些二聚体具有可连接性,可以和细胞表面结合分子在水相介质里共轭结合,且不发生蛋白质聚集作用。因而它们可以被用来更有效地制备共轭体,治疗癌症和免疫系统疾病。
表1部分已发表的吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮卓(PBD)二聚体
发明总结
本发明的第一实施例描述了一类细胞毒性分子,具体为吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮卓衍生物,它们是一类强效的细胞毒性分子,可以高效地抑制细胞增殖。特别地,本发明描述了一类新型吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮卓衍生物,它们可以具有可连接性,或者连接在一种细胞结合分子上以抑制细胞增殖。本发明中所描述的细胞毒性分子以及它们与细胞结合分子形成的共轭体的结构如结构式(I):
或者它们在药学上可接受的盐,水合物或者水合盐;或者这些化合物的多晶型物;或者它们的光学异构体,外消旋体,非对映异构体,对映异构体。
V和V’,相同或不同,各自独立地选自H,-OH,-NHOH,醚(-OR5),酯(-OCOR5,如乙酯),碳酸酯(-OCOOR5),胺(-NR5R5’,-NR5COR5’,-NR5NR5’NR5”),氨基碳酸酯(-OCONR5R5’),胍(NR5(C=NH)NR5’R5”),氨基酸或者多肽(-NR5CO(Aa)t,其中Aa指一个氨基酸或者含有1-100个氨基酸单元的多肽,t指氨基酸单元的数目),可含取代基的5或者6元含氮原子的杂环(如哌啶,四氢吡咯,吡唑,吗啉),环氨基碳酸酯(如此则U和V,以及/或者U’和V’为环状化合物一部分),尿素(-NR5CONR5’R5”),硫代氨基碳酸酯(-OCSNHR5),环硫代氨基碳酸酯(如此则U和V,以及/或者U’和V’为环状化合物一部分),硫醇(-SH),硫化物如-SR5,亚砜(-SOR5),砜(-SO2R5),亚硫酸化合物(-SO3,HSO3,HSO2,或者HSO3 -,SO3 2-,-HSO2 -的盐),重亚硫酸化合物(-OSO3),磺酰胺(-NR5SO2R5’),偏亚硫酸氢化合物(H2S2O5或S2O5 2-盐),单-,双-,三-和四硫代磷酸化合物(PO3SO3,PO2S2H2,POS3H2,PS4H2或者PO3S3-,PO2S2 3-,POS3 3-,PS4 3-盐),硫代磷酸酯((R5O)2POSR5’),硫代硫酸化合物(HS2O3或者S2O3 2-盐),连二亚硫酸化合物(HS2O4 -或S2O4 2-盐),二硫代磷酸化合物(P(=S)(OR5)(S)(OH)或者与阳离子生成的盐),环状胺(如此则U和V,以及/或者U’和V’为环状化合物一部分),羟胺衍生物(-NR5OR5’),异羟肟酸(R5C(O)NOH或者与阳离子生成的盐),甲醛次硫酸酯(HOCH2SO2 -或者其盐),酰胺(-NR5COR5’),叠氮基(-N3),氰基,卤素,三烷基,氨基磷酸酯(氨基磷酸),三芳基膦,氨基酸衍生基团,带有一个能和细胞结合分子作用的活性基团的连接体(L’),或者在该位置相连的细胞结合分子。R5,R5’和R5”的定义如下文。
l,m,n,l’,m’和n’为数字0,1,2,3,4,5或者6。
X,X’,Y和Y’,相同或不同,各自独立地为N,O,S,一个烷基,如CH2或CHR5,一个烯基,如=CH-或=CR5-,一个醚基,如-C(OR5)H-。
Z和Z’,相同或不同,各自独立地为N,CH,CR5,COH或者COR5。R5是C1-C8的烷基和芳香基。
R1,R2,R3,R4,R1’,R2’,R3’和R4’,相同或不同,各自独立地选自H,可含取代基的1至10个碳原子的直链,支链或者环状烷基,烯烃基,炔烃基或者芳基,聚乙二醇单元(-(OCH2CH2)tR5),卤素,胍(-NH(C=NH)NH2),-OR5,-NR5R5’,-NO2,-NCO,-NR5COR5’,-SR5,如-SOR5的亚砜,如-SO2R5的砜,磺酸盐-SO3M,-SO3H,硫酸盐-OSO3M,-OSO3H,如-SO2NR5R5’的磺酰胺,氰基,叠氮基,-COR5,-OCOR5,-OCONR5R5’,-CF3,-OR5,芳基,杂环,P(O)R5R5’R5”,带有一个能和细胞结合分子作用的活性基团的连接体(L’),或者在该位置相连的细胞结合分子。
R5,R5’和R5”各自独立地选自H,可含取代基的1至10个碳原子的烷烃基,烯烃基,炔烃基,芳香烃基,芳香烃烷烃基,羰基烷烃基,或药用盐。R5,R5’和R5”可进一步被选自以下基团的至少一个取代基所取代:-NR1R2,-COOH,-SO3H,-OR1,-COOR1,-CONR1,-PO2R1R2,-POR1R2R3,-PO3H或药用盐。
q=0,1或2。
另外,R2和R3一起,或者R2’和R3’一起可相互结合形成双键(=CH2),酮(=O),=S,=NR5,-C(=O)(R5)-或者含有=CR5R5’基团的双键。R1和R2一起,R1’和R2’一起,R3和R4一起,或者R3’和R4’一起可以相互结合形成芳环,杂环或者杂芳环。
L和L’相同或各自独立地为一个连接体,或者连接体与细胞结合分子(Q)共价结合形成的簇,或者包含能与细胞结合分子(CBA)连接的官能团的连接体。作为连接体,L或者L’优选为可被释放的连接体,其结构式为—Ww—(Aa)r—Tt—,—Ww—(Aa)r—Tt—Q或者Q—Ww—(Aa)r—Tt—,其中W是延伸单元,w为0或1,Aa是由各自独立的氨基酸组成的氨基酸单元,r为0至100的整数。
延伸单元可以包含有一个自消型的或者非自消型单元,多肽单元,腙键,双硫键,酯键,肟键,酰胺键或者硫醚键。自消型单元包括,但不限于,电子结构类似于对氨基苄基(PAB)的芳香化合物,如2-氨基咪唑-5-甲醇衍生物,杂环PAB类似物,β-葡萄糖苷酸,及邻-或对-氨基苄基缩醛。优选的自消型连接体单元的结构包括以下任意一种:
其中,(*)标示的原子为额外的连接间隔单元或者可被释放的连接体单元,细胞毒性分子,以及/或者细胞结合分子(CBA)的位点;X1,Y1,Z2和Z3各自独立为NH,O或者S;Z1为H,NH,O或者S;v为0或者1;Q1为H,OH,C1-C6烷基,(OCH2CH2)n,F,Cl,Br,I,OR5,SR5,NR5R5’,N=NR5,N=R5,NR5R5’,NO2,SOR5R5’,SO2R5,SO3R5,OSO3R5,PR5R5’,POR5R5’,PO2R5R5’,OPO(OR5)(OR5’)或者OCH2PO(OR5)(OR5’),其中R5和R5’定义如前文;优选的R5和R5’各自独立地选自H,C1-C8烷基,C2-C8烯烃基,炔烃基,杂烷基,C3-C8芳基,杂环,碳环,环烷基,杂环烷基,杂芳烷基,烷羰基或者药用阳离子盐。
非自消型连接体单元为下列结构之一:
其中(*)标示的原子为额外的间隔单元或者可被释放的连接体单元,细胞毒性分子,以及/或者细胞结合分子(CBA)连接的位点;X1,Y1,Q1,R5和R5’定义如前文;r为0-100;m,n和p为0-6。
间隔体(T)为含1至10个碳原子的直链,支链或环烷烃,烯烃基,炔烃基或芳基,T也可以是聚乙二醇间隔体(-CH2CH2O-)t;t为0或者1-100。T可以在自身酰胺键被水解后进行环化反应,这样的酰胺包括取代或未取代的4-氨基丁酸酰胺,被适当取代的[2.2.1]和[2.2.2]二环体系,以及2-氨基苯基丙酸酰胺。
除此以外,L和L’可以为R5,OR5,SR5,NHR5或者NR5R5’,这样结构式(I)上的R1,R2,R3,R4,R1’,R2’,R3’,R4,U,U’,V或V’均可通过伸展单元(Ww)或间隔体(Tt)连接至细胞结合分子Q。
Q是一个细胞结合分子(CBA),或者一个可以和细胞结合分子反应的官能团,或者一个可以和细胞结合分子上的连接体反应的官能团。这样的官能团选自硫醇,胺,联氨,烷氧氨基,取代双硫基,马来酰亚胺,卤代乙酰基,羧基,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,酮,酯,醛,炔烃基,烯烃基,保护的巯基或双硫基团,如SAc,SSR1或者SSAr。Ar指一个芳基或者杂芳基。
本发明的第二实施例描述了一种由以下部分组成的治疗组合物:(1)能实现治疗效果的有效剂量的一个或多个吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮卓(PBD)衍生物分子,它们可选择性地具有可链接性或者与细胞结合分子相连接;(2)一个具有本专利结构式(I)至(XIX)的分子的在药学上可以接受的载体,稀释剂,辅料,用来杀死目标细胞或包含目标细胞的组织。
图例说明
图1.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体的连接体的合成。
图2.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的连接体的合成。
图3.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的连接体的合成。
图4.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的连接体和中间体的合成。
图5.显示中间体和苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图6.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体的中间体的合成。
图7.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体的中间体的合成。
图8.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体的中间体的合成。
图9.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体的中间体的合成。
图10.显示用以合成苯二氮卓二聚体的中间体的合成。
图11.显示中间体和苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图12.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图13.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图14.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图15.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图16.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图17.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图18.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图19.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图20.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图21.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图22.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
图23.显示苯二氮卓二聚体共轭物的合成。
技术细节描述
定义:
“烷基”指一类含有1至8个碳原子的线性或者环状直链或者支链脂肪烃。支链指在线性的烷基上有一个或者多个低级烷基,如甲基,乙基或者丙基相连接。烷基实例包括甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,叔丁基,正戊烷基,3-戊烷基,辛烷基,壬烷基,癸烷基,环戊烷基,环己烷基,2,2-二甲基丁基,2,3-二甲基丁基,2,2-二甲基戊基,2,3-二甲基戊基,3,3-二甲基戊基,2,3,4-三甲基戊基,3-甲基己基,2,2-二甲基己基,2,4-二甲基己基,2,5-二甲基己基,3,5-二甲基己基,2,4-二甲基戊基,2-甲基庚基,3-甲基庚基,正庚基,异庚基,正辛烷基和异辛烷基。C1-C8烷基可以是未被取代或者被以下,但不限于以下的一个或者多个基团取代:C1-C8烷基,C1-C8烷氧基,芳基,-C(O)R',-OC(O)R',-C(O)OR',-C(O)NH2,-C(O)NHR',-C(O)N(R')2,-NHC(O)R',-S(O)2R',-S(O)R',-OH,卤素(-F,-Cl,-Br,或-I),-N3,-NH2,-NH(R'),-N(R')2及-CN;其中R’指各自独立的C1-C8烷基或者芳基。
“环状烷基”、“环烷基”和“C3-C8碳环”的表述可以交替使用,即指含3,4,5,6,7和8个单元的饱和或不饱和的非芳烃环状化合物。典型的C3-C8碳环包括,但不限于环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环戊二烯基,环己基,环己烯基,1,3-环己二烯基,1,4-环己二烯基,环庚基,1,3-环庚二烯基,1,3,5-环庚三烯基,环辛基及环辛二烯基。C3-C8碳环可以是未被取代或者被以下,但不限于以下的一个或者多个基团取代:C1-C8烷基,R5烷氧基,芳基,R5酰基,R5酰氧基,R5酯基,-C(O)NH2,-C(O)NHR5’,-C(O)NR5R5’,-NHC(O)R5’,-S(O)2R5’,-S(O)R5’,-OH,卤素(-F,-Cl,-Br,-I),-N3,-NH2,-NHR5’,-NRR5’及-CN;其中R5和R5’指各自独立的H,C1-C8烷基,烯基,炔基,杂烷基,芳基,芳烷基或羰烷基或者药物盐类。R5和R5’可以进一步被至少一个–N(R5)(R5’),-CO2H,-SO3H,-OR5,-CO2R5,-CONR5,或-PO3H取代。
“C3-C8碳环基”指上述C3-C8碳(3到8个碳)环上其中一个氢原子被化学键所取代而产生的基团。
“烯基”是指含有一个碳碳双键以及2到8个碳原子直链或支链的脂肪烃。双键呈顺式或反式构型或者为E与Z构型,二选其一。烯基实例包括但不限于:.乙烯基,烯丙基,正丁烯基,异丁烯基,3-甲基丁-2-烯基,n-戊烯基,己烯基,庚烯基,辛烯基。
“炔基”是指含有一个碳碳三键以及2到8个碳原子直链或支链的脂肪烃。炔基实例包括乙炔基,丙炔基,正丁炔基,2-丁炔基,3-甲基丁炔基,n-戊炔基,己炔基,庚炔基,辛炔基。
“杂烷基”指有1到4个碳原子独立地被O,S和N原子代替的C2-C8碳烷基。
“杂环”指一类芳香性或者非芳香性含3至14个碳的杂环,其中环上1至4个碳原子各自独立地被杂元素,如O,N,S,Se或P所取代。优选杂元素为O,N和S。相关杂环的说明亦可参见The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,76th Ed.,CRC Press Inc.,1995-1996,2-226,以及该书引述的文献。优选的非芳香杂环基包括但不限于吡咯烷基,吡唑烷基,咪唑烷基,环氧乙烷基,四氢呋喃基,二氧戊环基,四氢吡喃基,二氧杂环己烷基,哌啶基,哌嗪基,吗啉基,吡喃基,咪唑啉基,吡咯啉基,吡唑啉基,噻唑烷基,四氢硫吡喃基,二噻烷基,硫吗啉基,二氢吡喃基,四氢吡喃基,四氢吡啶基,二氢吡啶基,四氢嘧啶基,二氢硫吡喃基,氮杂环庚烷基以及他们与苯基生成的稠环。
“芳基”指由3到14个,特别优先由6到10个碳原子组成的含有1个或多个环系的芳烷基或杂芳烷基。杂芳烷基指该芳烷有1个或多个碳原子,特别有1个,2个,3个或4个碳原子被O,N,S,Se和P所取代。优选杂元素为O,N和S。芳烷基也指该芳烷有1个或多个氢原子独立地被下列基团所取代:烷基,F,Cl,Br,I,OR5,SR5,NR5R5’,N=NR5,N=R5,NR5R5’,NO2,SOR5R5’,SO2R5,SO3R5,OSO3R5,PR5R5’,POR5R5’,PO5R5’,OPO3R5R5’,或PO3R5R5’。其中R5和R5’指各自独立的H,烷基,烯基,炔基,杂烷基,芳基,芳烷基或羰烷基或者药物盐类。
“杂芳基”或“芳香杂环基”指5到14,特别指5到10元芳香杂,单,双或多环基。实例包括吡咯基,吡啶基,吡唑基,噻吩基,嘧啶基,吡嗪基,四唑基,吲哚基,喹啉基,嘌呤基,咪唑基,噻吩基,噻唑基,苯并噻唑基,苯并呋喃基,呋喃基,1,2,4-噻二唑基,异噻唑基,三唑基,四唑基,异喹啉基,异苯并呋喃基,吡唑基,苯并噻吩基,咔唑基,苯并咪唑基,异恶唑基,吡啶氮氧化物及芳基稠环体系。
“烷基”,“环烷基”,“烯烃基”,“炔烃基”,“芳基”,“杂芳基”,“杂环”及诸如此类的术语也指由相应的烃失去两个氢原子生成的“亚烷基”,“环亚烷基”,“亚烯基”,“亚炔基”,“亚芳基”,“杂亚芳基”,“杂亚环”等。
卤素原子指氟,氯,溴,碘原子,优选氟和氯。
“药学的”或者“药学上可接受的”指分子实体及组合物,视情形在动物或人体上应用时,不产生有害的,过敏性的或者其他不良反应。
“药学上可接受的辅料”包括所有载体,稀释剂,佐剂或者赋形剂,如防腐剂,抗氧化剂,填料,崩解剂,润湿剂,乳化剂,悬浮剂,溶剂,分散介质,涂层,抗菌剂,抗真菌剂,等渗和吸收延缓剂,和类似这些的试剂等。在药物活性物质中加入这些介质和试剂在本领域是已知的。所有常规的介质和试剂,除非它们与药物活性组分不相容,在药物组合物里的应用也有被考虑。辅助活性组分也可以被加入中以获得合适的药物组合。
在本发明中,“药用盐”指已经公开的化合物的一类衍生物,为母系化合物被修饰后产生的酸或碱加成盐。“药学上可以接受盐”包括从非毒性无机或者有机酸衍生的常规非毒性的盐以及季铵盐。这些成盐的无机酸包括盐酸,氢溴酸,硫酸,氨基磺酸,磷酸和硝酸等,有机酸如乙酸,丙酸,丁二酸,酒石酸,柠檬酸,甲磺酸,苯磺酸,葡萄糖醛酸,谷氨酸,苯甲酸,水杨酸,甲苯磺酸,草酸,富马酸和乳酸等。其他的加成盐包括由氨基丁三醇,甲葡胺,吡咯乙醇等生成的铵盐以及钠、钾、钙、锌、镁等金属盐。
本发明中的药用盐可以从包含酸性或者碱性单元的母系化合物,用常规化学方法合成。通常这些盐可以通过在这些化合物的游离酸或碱的水溶液或者有机溶液,或者两者的混合溶液中,加入等当量的适当的碱或酸而反应生成。通常优选的非水相反应介质为醚,乙酸乙酯,乙醇,异丙醇或者乙腈。所有可适用盐的列表可参见Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences,17th Ed.,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,PA,1985,1418,以及该书引述的文献。
“化合物”、“细胞毒性分子”、“细胞毒性化合物”、“细胞毒性二聚体”和“细胞毒性二聚体化合物”这些术语可以互换使用,包括了本专利与前期文献中公开其结构、分子式或者其衍生物的结构、分子式的化合物;它们还包括所有在本发明公开的化合物的立体异构体,几何异构体,互变异构体,溶剂化物,代谢物,盐(例如药学上可接受的盐)和前药,以及前药盐。该术语也包括任何上述的化合物的溶剂化物,水合物,和多晶型物。本发明在某些处具体说明了“立体异构体”“几何异构体”“互变异构体”“溶剂化物”“代谢物”“盐”“前药”“前药盐”“共轭物”“共轭物盐”“水合物”及“多晶型物”等概念,这样的表达不应被理解为在别处是有意省略其具体说明,而仅以“化合物”代替这些概念。
“亚胺活性试剂”指一类可以和亚胺基团反应的试剂。亚胺活性试剂的实例包括,并不限于:亚硫酸盐(H2SO3,H2SO2或HSO3 -、SO3 2-、HSO2 -与正离子形成的盐),偏亚硫酸氢盐(H2S2O5或S2O5 2-和正离子形成的盐),单、双、三和四硫代磷酸盐(PO3SH3,PO2S2H3,POS3H3,PS4H3或PO3S3-、PO2S2 3-、POS3 3-、PS4 3-和正离子形成的盐),硫代磷酸酯((RO)2PS(OR),RSH,RSOH,RSO2H,RSO3H),各种有机胺(羟胺(NH2OH),肼(NH2NH2),NH2OR,RNHR’,NH2R),NH2CONH2,NH2C(=S)NH2),硫代硫酸盐(H2S2O3或S2O3 2-和正离子形成的盐),连二亚硫酸盐(H2S2O4或S2O4 2-和正离子形成的盐),二硫代磷酸酯(P(=S)(OR)(SH)(OH)或其与正离子形成的盐),异羟肟酸(RC(=O)NHOH或其与正离子形成的盐),酰肼(RCONHNH2),甲醛次硫酸盐(HOCH2SO2H或HOCH2SO2 -和正离子形成的盐,如HOCH2SO2 -Na+),糖基核苷酸(如GDP-甘露糖),氟达拉滨或它的混合物,其中R5和R5’是各自独立的直链或者支链的含1到8个碳原子的烷基,和可能被下列的至少一种取代基所取代:-N(R5)(R5'),-CO2H,-SO3H,-OR5,-CO2R5,-CONR5,-PO3H;R5和R5’是可能进一步被上述一种取代基所取代的烷基;优选的阳离子为一价离子如Na+或K+;亚胺活性试剂可优先从亚硫酸盐,羟基胺,尿素和肼中选择,特别优先的是NaHSO3和KHSO3。
“细胞结合剂”或者“细胞结合分子”可以是任何已知的或即将被公开的一类试剂/分子,包括多肽与非多肽。一般而言,它们可以是抗体(尤其是单克隆抗体),至少含有一个结合位点的抗体单元,淋巴因子,激素,生长因子,营养运输的分子(如转铁蛋白),或者任何其他的细胞结合分子与物质(如维生素)。
细胞结合分子更具体的例子包括:
-单克隆抗体(mAb);
-单链抗体;
-抗体片段如Fab,Fab',F(ab')2,Fv(Parham,J.Immunol.,1983,131,2895-2902;Spring,et al.,J.Immunol.,1974,113,470-478;Nisonoff,et al.,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,1960,89,230-244),Fab表达库产生的片段,抗个体遗传型的抗体(anti-Id),CDR's,上述任何能与癌细胞抗原,病毒抗原或微生物抗原免疫特异性结合单元中的的抗原决定基部位。
-干扰素;
-多肽,共轭蛋白或多肽;
-淋巴因子,如IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6;
-激素如胰岛素,TRH(促甲状腺激素释放激素),MSH(黑色素细胞刺激素),类固醇激素,如雄性激素和雌性激素;
-生长因子和集落刺激因子如EGF,TGFα,类胰岛素生长因子(IGF-I,IGF-II),G-CSF,M-CSF和GM-CSF(Burgess,Immunology Today,1984,5,155-158),维生素,如叶酸;
-转铁蛋白(O'Keefe,et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,1985,260,932-937)。
单克隆抗体(mAb),单克隆抗体单链或者片段能够应用目前已知的技术生产。该技术生产能够获得极高选择性的细胞结合分子——特异性单克隆抗体。运用目的抗原免疫小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠或者其他哺乳动物来获得单克隆抗体的方法是一项常规技术。其中可以利用的目的抗原包括完整的靶细胞,从靶细胞中分离得到的抗原,完整的病毒,弱化的完整病毒以及病毒蛋白如病毒外壳蛋白。
决定合适的细胞结合分子是一个选择的问题,它取决于特定的细胞群落,但是一般而言,只要有合适的能用,多采用单克隆抗体。
例如一种抗-CD20抗原的单克隆抗体Rituximab是一种嵌合的(鼠源/人源)单克隆抗体。它是第一个被美国食品药品管理局批准的治疗复发性难治愈低水平滤泡性NHL的抗体(J.P.Leonard,et al.,Clin.Canc.Res.,2004,10:5327-5334)。另一种抗-CD20抗体Ofatumumab是一种人源化的靶向不同于Rituximab和其他大多数CD20的表位的单克隆抗体。它被美国食品药品管理局批准治疗慢性淋巴细胞性白血病,也有希望用于治疗滤泡性非霍奇金淋巴瘤、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤、类风湿性关节炎和复发缓解型多发性硬化症(B.Coiffier,et al.,Blood,2008,111,1094–100;B.Zhang,Mabs,2009,1(4),326–31)。一种第三代人源化和糖工程化的用于治疗B细胞淋巴系统恶性肿瘤的名为Afutuzumab(现名obinutuzumab)抗-CD20的单克隆抗体得到了很大的发展(T Robak,Current opinion ininvestigational drugs,2009,10(6),588-596)。Obinutuzumab是一种完全人源化IgG1II型的抗-CD20的抗体,它可以选择性地结合于恶性人源B细胞上的人源CD20抗原胞外域。类似地,一种抗-CD19抗原单克隆抗体B4是一种鼠科的IgG1,它结合于B细胞的CD19抗原(Nadler,et al.,J.Immunol.,1983,131,244-250)并且能作用于B细胞或表达CD19抗原的病态细胞,如非霍奇金淋巴瘤或慢性淋巴细胞白血病。此外,抗-CD22抗体,包括RFB4(E.Mansfield,et al.,Blood,1997,90,2020-2026),CMC-544(J.F.DiJoseph,Blood,2004,103,1807-1814)和LL2(E.J.Pawlak-Byczkowska,et al.,Cancer Res.,1989,49,4568-4577)可被用作B细胞癌症和其他B细胞增生疾病的潜在治疗方法。LL2抗体(原称HPB-2)是一种IgG2a鼠源单克隆抗体,靶向作用于CD22抗原(E.J.Pawlak-Byczkowska,et al.,supra)。此外,抗-CD33抗原单克隆抗体Gemtuzumab是第一个通过与细胞毒性药物共轭连接以治疗急性髓细胞性白血病的单克隆抗体(AML)(P.F.Bross,et al.,Clin Cancer Res.,7(6),1490-6)。一种名为My9-6的,相似的抗-CD33抗原抗体是一种鼠源IgG1抗体,它可以特异性地与CD33抗原结合(J.D.Griffin,et al.,Leukemia Res.,1984,521),并能作用于在急性骨髓性白血病(AML)里表达CD33的靶细胞。此外,结合于骨髓细胞的GM-CSF抗体可被用作急性骨髓性白血病的病变细胞的细胞结合分子。结合于活性T-细胞的IL-2抗体可以被用于防止移植排斥,治疗和预防移植物抗宿主类疾病和治疗急性T-细胞白血病。结合于黑色素细胞的MSH抗体可被用于治疗黑色素瘤。
本专利的新型细胞毒性分子和它们的共轭体
本发明中的PBD二聚体衍生物包含有一个或多个吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮卓衍生物,它们可以具有可连接性,或者通过连接基团连接在一种细胞结合分子上。连接基团是通过常规方法共价连接在吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯二氮卓衍生物上的化学单元的一部分。
本发明中所描述的PBD二聚体的结构如结构式(I):
或者它们药学上可接受的盐,水合物或者水合盐;或者这些化合物的多晶型物;或者它们的光学异构体,外消旋体,非对映异构体或对映异构体。
V和V’,相同或不同,各自独立地选自H,-OH,-NHOH,醚(-OR5),酯(-OCOR5,如乙酯),碳酸酯(-OCOOR5),胺(-NR5R5’,-NR5COR5’,-NR5NR5’NR5”),氨基碳酸酯(-OCONR5R5’),胍(NR5(C=NH)NR5’R5”),氨基酸或者多肽(-NR5CO(Aa)t,其中Aa指一个氨基酸或者含有1-100个氨基酸单元的多肽,t指氨基酸单元的数目),可含取代基的5或者6元含氮原子的杂环(如哌啶,四氢吡咯,吡唑,吗啉),环氨基碳酸酯(如此则U和V,以及/或者U’和V’为环状化合物一部分),尿素(-NR5CONR5’R5”),硫代氨基碳酸酯(-OCSNHR5),环硫代氨基碳酸酯(如此则U和V,以及/或者U’和V’为环状化合物一部分),硫醇(-SH),硫化物如-SR5,亚砜(-SOR5),砜(-SO2R5),亚硫酸化合物(-SO3,HSO3,HSO2,或者HSO3 -,SO3 2-,-HSO2 -的盐),重亚硫酸化合物(-OSO3),磺酰胺(-NR5SO2R5’),偏亚硫酸氢化合物(H2S2O5或S2O5 2-盐),单-,双-,三-和四硫代磷酸化合物(PO3SO3,PO2S2H2,POS3H2,PS4H2或者PO3S3-,PO2S2 3-,POS3 3-,PS4 3-盐),硫代磷酸酯((R5O)2POSR5’),硫代硫酸化合物(HS2O3或者S2O3 2-盐),连二亚硫酸化合物(HS2O4或S2O4 2-盐),二硫代磷酸化合物(P(=S)(OR5)(S)(OH)或者与阳离子生成的盐),环状胺(如此则U和V,以及/或者U’和V’为环状化合物一部分),羟胺衍生物(-NR5OR5’),异羟肟酸(R5C(O)NOH或者与阳离子生成的盐),甲醛次硫酸酯(HOCH2SO2-或者其盐),酰胺(-NR5COR5’),叠氮基(-N3),氰基,卤素,三烷基,氨基磷酸酯(氨基磷酸),三芳基膦,氨基酸衍生基团,带有一个能和细胞结合分子作用的活性基团的连接体(L’),或者在该位置相连的细胞结合分子。R5,R5’和R5”的定义下文将述。
l,m,n,l’,m’和n’为数字0,1,2,3,4,5或者6。
X,X’,Y和Y’相同或不同,各自独立地为N,O,S,烷基,如CH2或CHR5,烯基,如=CH-或=CR5-,醚基,如-C(OR5)H-。
Z和Z’,相同或不同,各自独立地为N,CH,CR5,COH或者COR5。R5是C1-C8的烷基和芳香基。
R1,R2,R3,R4,R1’,R2’,R3’和R4’,相同或不同,各自独立地选自H,可含取代基的1至10个碳原子的直链,支链或者环状烷基,烯烃基,炔烃基或者芳基,聚乙二醇单元(-(OCH2CH2)tR5),卤素,胍(-NH(C=NH)NH2),-OR5,-NR5R’5,-NO2,-NCO,-NR5COR5’,-SR5,如-SOR5的亚砜,如-SO2R5的砜,磺酸盐-SO3M,-SO3H,硫酸盐-OSO3M,-OSO3H,如-SO2NR5R5’的磺酰胺,氰基,叠氮基,-COR5,-OCOR5,-OCONR5R5’,-CF3,-OR5,芳基,杂环,P(O)R5R5’R5”,带有一个能和细胞结合分子作用的活性基团的连接体(L’),或者在该位置相连的细胞结合分子。
R5,R5’和R5”各自独立地选自H,可含取代基的1至10个碳原子的烷烃基,烯烃基,炔烃基,芳香烃基,芳香烃烷烃基,羰基烷烃基,或药用盐。R5,R5’和R5”可进一步被选自以下基团的至少一个取代基所取代:-N(R1)(R2),-CO2H,-SO3H,-OR1,-CO2R1,-CONR1,-PO2R1R2,-POR1R2R3,和-PO3H。
q=0,1或2。
另外,R2和R3一起,或者R2’和R3’一起可相互结合形成=(双键),=O(酮),=S,=NR5,-C(=O)(R5)-或者含有=CR5R5’基团的双键;R1和R2一起,R1’和R2’一起,R3和R4一起,或者R3’和R4’一起相互结合形成芳环,杂环或者杂芳环。
L和L’相同或各自独立地为一个连接体,或者连接体与细胞结合分子(Q)共价结合形成的簇,或者包含具有和细胞结合分子(CBA)连接功能的官能团的连接体。作为连接体,L或者L’优选为可被释放的连接体,它是由选自C,N,O,S,Si,B和P的元素构成的化学链,可以共价相连细胞表面结合试剂和PBD衍生物。连接体可以有各种不一样的长度,含2到100个原子。各种原子可以用各种不同的化学方法形成连接体,如成烯,亚烯,炔,醚,聚氧化烯,酯,胺,亚胺,聚胺,肼,腙,酰胺,脲,氨基脲,二肼羰,烷氧基胺,脲乙烷,氨基酸,酰氧胺,异羟肟酸,醛肟,酮肟,胺肟,羟肟酸等。另外,形成可释放连接体(L)的原子可以是饱和或者非饱和的,可以为自由基,可以相互成环形成二价的环结构,如环烷烃,环醚,环胺,亚芳基,杂亚芳基和类似此类的基团等。
L的优选结构式为—Ww—(Aa)r—Tt—,—Ww—(Aa)r—Tt—Q或者Q—Ww—(Aa)r—Tt—,其中W是延伸单元,w为0或1,Aa是由各自独立的氨基酸组成的氨基酸单元,r为0至100的整数。延伸单元可以包含有一个自消型的或者非自消型单元,多肽单元,腙键,双硫键,酯键,肟键,酰胺键或者硫醚键。自消型单元包括,但不限于,电子结构类似于对-氨基苄基(PAB)的芳香化合物,如2-氨基咪唑-5-甲醇衍生物(Hay et al(1999)Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.9,2237),杂环PAB类似物,β-葡萄糖苷酸,及邻-或对-氨基苄基缩醛。
优选的自消型连接体单元的结构包括以下任意一种:
其中(*)标示的原子为额外的间隔单元或者可被释放的连接体单元,或细胞毒性分子,以及/或者细胞结合分子(CBA)连接的位点;X1,Y1,Z2和Z3各自独立为NH,O或者S;Z1为H,NH,O或者S;v为0或者1;Q1为H,OH,C1-C6烷基,(OCH2CH2)n,F,Cl,Br,I,OR5,SR5,NR5R5’,N=NR5,N=R5,NR5R5’,NO2,SOR5R5’,SO2R5,SO3R5,OSO3R5,PR5R5’,POR5R5’,PO2R5R5’,OPO(OR5)(OR5’)或者OCH2PO(OR5)(OR5’),其中R5和R5’定义如前文;优选的R5和R5’各自独立地选自H,C1-C8烷基,C2-C8烯烃基,炔烃基,杂烷基,C3-C8芳基,杂环,碳环,环烷基,杂环烷基,杂芳烷基,烷羰基或者药用阳离子盐。
非自消型连接体单元为下列结构之一:
其中(*)标示的原子为额外的连接间隔单元或者可被释放的连接体单元,细胞毒性分子,以及/或者细胞结合分子(CBA)的位点;X1,Y1,Q1,R5和R5’定义如上;r为0-100;m,n和p为0-6。
间隔体(T)为含1至10个碳原子的直链,支链或环烷烃,烯烃基,炔烃基或芳基,或者聚乙二醇间隔体(-(CH2CH2O)t-);t为0或者1-100。间隔体可以在自身酰胺键被水解后进行环化反应,这样的酰胺包括取代或未取代的4-氨基丁酸酰胺(Rodrigues,et al.,Chemistry Biology,1995,2,223),被适当取代的[2.2.1]和[2.2.2]二环体系(Storm,etal.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1972,94,5815),以及2-氨基苯基丙酸酰胺(Amsberry,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,1990,55,5867)。甘氨酸上取代的含氨基药物分子的消去反应(Kingsbury,etal.,J.Med.Chem.,1984,27,1447),也是本发明中用于共轭体上的自消型间隔体的一个例子。
除此以外,L可以为R5,OR5,SR5,NHR5或者NR5R5’;这样当此化合物用着链接细胞结合分子时,结构式(I)上的R1,R2,R3,R4,R1’,R2’,R3’,R4’,U,U’,V或V’均可通过伸展单元(Ww)或间隔体(Tt)连接至Q。
Q是一个细胞结合分子(CBA),或者一个可以和细胞结合分子反应的官能团,或者一个可以和细胞结合分子上的连接体反应的官能团。这样的官能团选自硫醇,胺,联氨,烷氧氨基,取代双硫基,马来酰亚胺,卤代乙酰基,羧基,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,酮,酯,醛,炔烃基,烯烃基,保护的巯基或双硫基团,如SAc,SSR5或者SSAr。Ar指一个芳基或者杂芳基。
可释放连接体指这样一类连接体,它们含有至少一种能在生理条件下被断裂,如pH敏感,酸不稳定,碱不稳定,容易被氧化,容易被代谢,生化不稳定,或者容易被酶解的化学键。应当说明的是,这样能使链断裂的生理条件并不一定是一个生化或者代谢的过程,它可以是一种常规的化学反应条件,如水解或取代反应。例如在核内体比细胞溶质里更低的pH,或者细胞内巯基(如在恶性细胞内存在着的毫摩尔浓度的谷胱甘肽)的双硫键交换反应。
若延伸单元(-W-)存在,它连接着一个目标细胞结合分子(CBA)和一个氨基酸单元(-Aa-),或者(-T-)(当--Aa--不存在时)。延伸单元W可以独立地包含一个自毁灭的分隔体,多肽单元,腙键,肟,酰胺,双硫键或者硫醚键。就这一点而言,结合分子(CBA)必定含有一个能与延伸单元上相应官能团成键的基团。在结合分子上天然存在的,或通过化学方式产生的,可用的官能团包括但不限于:巯基,氨基,羟基,羰基,糖上异头羟基以及羧基。优选的官能团为巯基,羧基和氨基。巯基可以通过配体分子内的双硫键还原而生成。此外也可以通过结合分子上赖氨酸中的氨基与2-亚氨基硫烷(Traut试剂)或者硫内酯反应生成,或者利用其他的巯基生成方法,如首先利用含双硫键的连接体,或者硫酯来修饰结合分子,然后再分别还原或者水解。
具体可释放连接体(L)的例子包括,但不限于以下:
-(CR5R6)m(Aa)r(CR7R8)n(OCH2CH2)tQ,-(CR5R6)m(CR7R8)n(Aa)r(OCH2CH2)tQ,-(Aa)r(CR5R6)m(CR7R8)n(OCH2CH2)tQ,-(CR5R6)m(CR7R8)n(OCH2CH2)r(Aa)tQ,-(CR5R6)m(CR7=CR8)(CR9R10)n(Aa)t(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(NR11CO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(Aa)t(NR11CO)(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(OCO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(OCNR7)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(CO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(NR11CO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(OCO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(OCNR7)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m(CO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-(CR5R6)m-苯基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R6)m-呋喃基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R6)m-唑基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R6)m-噻唑基-CO(Aa)t(CCR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R6)t-噻吩基-CO(CR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R6)t-咪唑基-CO(CR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R6)t-吗啉基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R6)t-哌嗪基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R6)t-N-甲基哌嗪基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-(CR5R)m-(Aa)t-苯基-Q,-(CR5R6)m-(Aa)t-呋喃基-Q,-(CR5R6)m-唑基-(Aa)t-Q,-(CR5R6)m-噻唑基-(Aa)t-Q,-(CR5R6)m-噻吩基-(Aa)tQ,-(CR5R6)m-咪唑基-(Aa)t-Q,-(CR5R6)m-吗啉基-(Aa)tQ,-(CR5R6)m-哌嗪基-(Aa)tQ,-(CR5R6)m-N-甲基哌嗪基-(Aa)tQ,-K(CR5R6)m(Aa)r(CR7R8)n(OCH2CH2)tQ,-K(CR5R6)m(CR7R8)n(Aa)r(OCH2CH2)tQ,-K(Aa)r(CR5R6)m(CR7R8)n(OCH2CH2)tQ,-K(CR5R6)m(CR7R8)n(OCH2CH2)r(Aa)tQ,-K(CR5R6)m(CR7=CR8)(CR9R10)n(Aa)t(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(NR11CO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(Aa)t(NR11CO)(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(OCO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(OCNR7)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(CO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(NR11CO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(OCO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(OCNR7)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m(CO)(Aa)t(CR9R10)n(OCH2CH2)rQ,-K(CR5R6)m-苯基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R6)m-呋喃基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R6)m-唑基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R6)m-噻唑基-CO(Aa)t(CCR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R6)t-噻吩基-CO(CR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R6)t-咪唑基-CO(CR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R6)t-吗啉基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R6)t-哌嗪基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R6)t-N-甲基哌嗪基-CO(Aa)t(CR7R8)nQ,-K(CR5R)m-(Aa)t-苯基-Q,-K(CR5R6)m-(Aa)t-呋喃基-Q,-K(CR5R6)m-唑基-(Aa)t-Q,-K(CR5R6)m-噻唑基-(Aa)t-Q,-K(CR5R6)m-噻吩基-(Aa)tQ,-K(CR5R6)m-咪唑基-(Aa)t-Q,-K(CR5R6)m-吗啉基-(Aa)tQ,-K(CR5R6)m-哌嗪基-(Aa)tQ,-K(CR5R6)mN-甲基哌嗪基-(Aa)tQ。
其中m,Aa,t,n,Q,R3,R4和R5上文已定义;R6,R7和R8相同或不同,各自独立地选自H,卤素,C1-C8烷基,芳基,烯烃基,炔烃基,醚,酯,胺或者酰胺,它们还能可选地被一个或多个下列基团取代:卤素,CN,NR1R2,CF3,OR1,芳基,杂环,S(O)R1,SO2R1,-COOH,-SO3H,-OR1,-CO2R1,-CONR1,-PO2R1R2,-PO3H或P(O)R1R2R3;K为NR1,O,S,Se,B或杂环。
具有结构式(I)的化合物的各种几何异构体和立体异构体也是本专利的一部分。
化合物优选的立体构型如以下结构式(Ia)(Ib)和(Ic):
X,X’,Y,Y’,Z,Z’,l,l’,m,m’,n,n’,R1,R1’,R2,R2’,R3,R3’,R4,R4’和L的定义与在分子结构式(I)中相同。
在另一基于结构式(I)的优选实施例中,本发明中新型PBD衍生物的结构如(II),(III),(IV)。
其中X,X’,Y,Y’,Z,Z’,l,l’,m,m’,n,n’,R1,R1’,R2,R2’,R3,R3’,R4,R4’和L的定义与在分子结构式(I)中相同。
V和V’可以相同或不同,各自独立地选自OH,醚(如-OR5),酯(如-OCOR5或-COOR5),碳酸酯(如-OCOOR5),氨基碳酸酯(-OCONR5R5’),环氨基碳酸酯(如此则N10和C11为环状化合物一部分),脲(如NR5(C=O)NR5’R5”),硫代氨基碳酸酯(-OCSNHR5),环硫代氨基碳酸酯(如此则N10和C11为环状化合物一部分),-SH,硫化物(如-SR5),亚砜(如-SOR5),砜(如-SO2R5),亚硫酸化合物(-SO3 -),重亚硫酸化合物(-OSO3 -),磺酰胺(-NR5SO2R5’),胺(如-NR5R5’),可选的环状胺(如此则N10和C11为环状化合物一部分),羟胺衍生物(-NR5OR5’),酰胺(如-NR5COR5’,-NR5CONR5’R5”),叠氮基(如-N3),氰基,卤素,三烷基,三芳基膦,氨基酸衍生基团。
V”为(=)O,(=)NH,(=)NCONR5R5’,(=)NCOR5,(=)NCOOR5或(=)NOR5。
R5,R5’和R5”各自独立地选自H,C1-C8烷基,烯烃基,炔烃基,杂烷基,芳基,芳烷基或羰基烷基;或药用盐。R5,R5’和R5”可进一步被选自以下基团的至少一个取代基所取代:-NR1R2,-COOH,-SO3H,-OR1,-CO2R1,-CONR1,-PO2R1R2,-POR1R2R3,-PO3H或M(钠,钾,钙,铵盐或其他药用盐),或通过伸展单元(Ww)或间隔体(Tt)与细胞结合分子相连。
在某些实施例中,具有(I),(II),(III)和(IV)结构通式的PBD衍生物的结构为(V),(VI),(VII),(VIII),(IX),(X),(XI),(XII),(XIII),(XIV),(XV)和(XVI):
U,U’,V,V’,n,n’,X,X’和L的定义与结构式(I)中相同。R6和R6’相同或不同,其定义相同于结构式(I)中的R5,各自独立优选为C1-C8烷基,烯烃基,炔烃基,芳基,环烃基,杂环,卤代烷基,烷氧基,卤代烷氧基,烷基氨基,卤素,二卤素,-CF3,-NO2,-CN或H;也可以通过伸展单元(Ww)或间隔体(Tt)与细胞结合分子相连。W,w,T和t的定义同结构式(I)。
在某些实施例中,本发明中的细胞毒性分子和相应的共轭体具有以下结构:
其中Aa,n和Q的定义同结构式(I)或(II)。优选地,Q为H,C1-C8烷基,烯烃基,炔烃基,芳基,环烃基,杂环,卤代烷基,烷氧基,卤代烷氧基,烷基氨基,卤素,NO2,-CN,-SH,-SSCH3,-SSAc,-SSAr,-SS-吡啶,-SSAr(NO2),-S-细胞结合分子或以下官能团之一:NHS酯,五氟苯基酯,烷氧基胺,醛,酮,羧酸,肼,胺,硫代内酯或通过伸展单元(Ww)或间隔体(Tt)与细胞结合分子相连。W,w,T和t的定义同结构式(I);或者Q选自以下结构之一:
其中D为H,-NO2,-SO3,CN或F;R1,R2,R3,R4,r,m和n的定义同结构式(I);w和w'各自为0或1,R5和R5’定义如前文。
细胞毒性分子PBD衍生物的合成
本专利中的各种化合物都可以被有经验的化学家用不同的方法合成。这些化合物可以应用在本专利实例部分所描述的方法或者对它们进行适当改变后的方法进行合成。这些适当的调整和改变对于有经验的化学家而言是显而易见的,他们可以很容易地从各种科学文献中获得相应的操作方法。特别地,可以参见Richard C.Larock,ComprehensiveOrganic Transformations,A Guide to Functional Group Preparations,vol II,2ndEd.,Wiley Publishers,2010。
由于本专利的细胞毒性分子可能包含有一个或者多个不对称碳原子,能够以具有光学活性的形式或者消旋体的形式被分离,因此除非某特定的立体化学异构体或其他异构体被特别指出,所有手性的,非对映异构的,消旋的异构体和所有立体异构体的合成均被尝试过。各种光学活性的异构体的制备和纯化方法是众所周知的。如,立体异构体混合物可以用各种标准方法进行分离,它们包括,但不限于,消旋体的拆分,正相,反相手性色谱分离,选择性成盐,重结晶等等,或者从手性起始物开始的手性合成,或者目标手性中心的设计合成。
本专利中的细胞毒性分子可以经由各种路径来合成。所有试剂和起始物或者是可以直接从市场购得,或者可以由受过一般训练的化学家通过常规的技术方法轻易地合成。除非另有说明,所有的取代基定义如前文所述。
在合成细胞毒性分子的反应中,如有必要时需要保护特定的反应性官能团,如羟基,氨基,巯基或羰基,以避免它们的副反应。常规的保护基都可以依照下列文献中的标准操作被应用:Peter G.M.Wuts,Theodora W.Greene,Greene's Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis,4th Ed.,John Wiley and Sons,2006;Compendium of OrganicSynthetic Methods,Vols.1-2,Ian T.Harrison,Shuyen Harrison;Vols 3-5,LouisS.Hegedus,Leroy Wade;Vols 6-12,Michael B.Smith,John Wiley and Sons,2006-2012.
一般而言,合成反应都在合适的溶剂,温度和时间条件下进行。各种溶剂,只要它们不对反应或者试剂造成不利影响,都可以用在细胞毒性分子上的合成。合适的溶剂包括烃类(芳香烃,脂肪烃或者环状脂肪烃),如己烷,环己烷,苯,甲苯和二甲苯;含卤素的烃类,如氯仿,二氯甲烷,二氯乙烷;酰胺,如二甲基乙酰胺,二甲基甲酰胺;醇类,如丙醇,乙醇或甲醇,和醚类,如乙醚,四氢呋喃或二氧六环。反应可以在很大的温度范围内进行,从-100至300℃,优选的范围是0至100℃。取决于许多影响因素,特别是反应温度和反应试剂的特性,反应时间也可以在很大范围内变动,从5秒到4周,优选的范围为10分钟至20小时。另外,制备的细胞毒性分子能够从反应混合物里通过常规的方法分离或者纯化,如蒸发或蒸馏除去溶剂,或在蒸馏除去溶剂后,把残留物倒入水中,用和水不相混溶的有机溶剂萃取,然后蒸馏除去萃出物中的溶剂。分离或纯化也可以用其它各种众所周知的技术来实现,如重结晶,重沉降或者各种色谱方法,尤其是柱色谱,制备薄层色谱或者高效液相色谱。
部分的细胞毒性分子的合成以及它们和细胞结合分子的共轭合成示例于,但不限于,图1-23和描述部分的实例1-73。
细胞结合分子和细胞毒性分子的共轭连接
本发明也提供了一类共轭体分子,它们由至少一个PBD衍生物通过连接体(L)的连接基团和细胞结合分子共价相连而生成。优选的共轭体包含一至二十个本发明中的PBD衍生物分子和细胞结合分子共价相连。
如前文所述,细胞结合分子-细胞毒性分子的共轭体结构如结构式(I):
或者它们药学上可接受的盐,水合物或者水合盐;或者这些化合物的多晶型物;或者它们的光学异构体,外消旋体,非对映异构体,对映异构体。
其中U,U’,V,V’,m,m’,n,n’,X,X’,Y,Y’,Z,Z’,R1,R1’,R2,R2’,R3,R3’,R4,R4’和L的定义如前面所述。L优选为一个连接体-细胞结合分子共价相连的簇。
当L为R5,OR5,SR5或NR5R5’时,结构式(I)上的R1,R2,R3,R4,R1’,R2’,R3’,R4’,U,V,U’或V’可以通过L’或伸展单元(Ww)或隔离体(Tt)连接细胞结合分子(CBA),其中CBA,L’,W,w,T和t如前文中所定义。
在某些实施例中,本发明中的共轭物结构如(XIX),(XX),(XXI),(XXII),(XXIII)和(XXIV)所示:
其中U,U’,V,V’,m,m’,n,n’,l,l’,X,X’,Y,Y’,Z,Z’,R1,R1’,R2,R2’,R3,R3’,R4,R4’和L的定义与在结构式(I)中相同;L’或者与L相同,或者独立地如同结构式(I)中定义的L。
药物的荷载为每一个细胞结合分子连接1至20个药物(D),在结构式(IX)-(XIV)中,优选的荷载为每个细胞结合分子连接2-8个药物。在以抗体作细胞结合分子来制备ADC时,优选的荷载为每个抗体连接3-6个药物分子。在共轭反应后,抗体上连接的药物的平均数可以通过常规的方法,如质谱,ELISA分析和HPLC来表征。共轭体上药物荷载的量化分布也可以被确定。在一定的情形下,药物荷载为定值的均质共轭体的分离,纯化和表征可以用一定的方法,如反相HPLC或电泳法来实现。
细胞结合分子(CBA)可以是各种各样的,包括肽类和非肽类,一般而言,包括,但不局限于,以下这些物质:大分子质量的蛋白质,如(多克隆或单克隆)完整抗体;单链抗体;Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2、Fv等抗体单元(Parham,J.Immunol.,1983,131,2895-2902),Fab表达库产生的抗体单元,抗个体遗传型的抗体(anti-Id),CDR's,上述任何能与癌细胞抗原,病毒抗原或微生物抗原免疫特异性结合单元中的的抗原决定基部位;亲和体等模拟抗体;抗体域(dAb);纳米抗体;单体;预设计锚蛋白重复蛋白;抗体运载蛋白;反式抗体;双运载蛋白;脂质运载蛋白;波形蛋白;Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和III型等干扰素;肽类;IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、GM-CSF、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)等淋巴因子;胰岛素、促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)、促黑素细胞激素(MSH)、雄激素和雌激素等类固醇激素;表皮生长因子(EGF)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),以及诸如TGFα、TGFβ、胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ)、粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)等转化生长因子(TGF)这些生长因子和集落刺激因子(Burgess,ImmunologyToday,1984,5,155-158);牛痘生长因子(VGF);成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF);小分子质量蛋白质、多肽、肽类和蛙皮素、胃泌激素、促胃液素释放肽等肽类激素;血小板生长因子;白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白血病细胞抑制因子和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)等白介素和细胞因子;叶酸等维生素;转铁蛋白等脱辅基蛋白和糖蛋白(O'Keefe,etal.,J.Biol.Chem.,1985,260,932-937);凝集素等糖结合蛋白或脂蛋白;细胞营养转运分子;前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)抑制剂、小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)、非肽类或其他细胞结合分子或底物(如生物活性高分子(Dhar,et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,2008,105,17356-61)或在其表面结合了一个细胞结合分子的高分子);树状高分子(Lee,et al.,Nat.Biotechnol.,2005,23,1517-26;Almutairi,et al.;Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,2009,106,685-90)或结合了细胞结合分子的树状高分子;纳米颗粒(Liong,et al.,ACS Nano,2008,2,889-96;Medarova,et al.,Nat.Med.,2007,13,372-7;Javier,et al.,Bioconjugate Chem.,2008,19,1309-12)或在其表面结合了细胞结合分子的纳米颗粒;脂质体(Medinai,et al.,Curr.Phar.Des.,2004,10,2981-9)或结合了细胞结合分子的脂质体;病毒衣壳(Flenniken,et al.,Viruses Nanotechnol.,2009,327,71-93)。一般而言,只要有合适的,细胞表面结合分子首选为单克隆抗体。
本发明的偶联物连接体包括,但不局限于,以下这些连接体:二硫化物连接体、硫醚连接体、酰胺键连接体、肽水解酶不稳定连接体、光不稳定连接体、酸不稳定连接体(如腙类连接体)、酯水解酶不稳定连接体、氧化不稳定连接体、代谢不稳定连接体、生化不稳定连接体。
优选的连接体是通过一个反应性的基团与细胞结合分子上的硫醇或氨基官能团相作用而连接,这两种官能团分别来自相应二硫键的还原产物和赖氨酸残基。更具体地,上述衍生物是通过-CO-基团与上述细胞结合分子上赖氨酸残基的氨基形成了酰胺键,从而连接到细胞结合分子上去的。
此外,连接体可以由一个或多个连接单元组成。连接体单元包括6-马来酰亚胺己酰基(MC),马来酰亚胺丙酰基(MP),缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(val-cit或vc),丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸(ala-phe或af),甘氨酸-甘氨酸,p-氨基苄氧基羰基(PAB),N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(2-硫代吡啶)戊酸酯(SPP),N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己基-1羧酸酯(SMCC),N-琥珀酰亚胺基(4-碘-乙酰基)胺基苯甲酸酯(SIAB),一个或多个乙烯氧基(-CH2CH2O-)单元(EO或PEG)。连接体可以是一个“可断裂的连接体”,以便于在细胞内释放药物。除此以外的连接体单元可见于当前各种文献中。部分连接体单元的结构如下:
其中R7,R8和R9的定义如同前文所述的R5一样,优先地、独立选自C1-C8烷基或烯基,-C1-C7环烷基,-O-(C1-C8烷基)-,亚芳基,-C1-C8烯基-亚芳基-,-C1-C8烯基,-(C1-C8烯基)-(C1-C8环烷基)-,-(C3-C7环烷基)-(C2-C8烯基)-,-C3-C8杂环基,-(C1-C8烯基)-(C3-C8杂环基)-,-(C3-C8杂环基)-(C1-C9烯基)-,-(CH2CH2O)k-,-(CH(CH3)CH2O)k-和-(CH2CH2O)k-CH2-;k是1-30的整数;X”’,Y”’和Z”’独立地选自NH,O或S;R1和R2定义如上文所述。
在本发明优选实施例中,共轭体的组合为抗体/细胞毒素,抗体片段/细胞毒素,双价抗体/细胞毒素,三价抗体/细胞毒素,表皮生长因子(EGF)/细胞毒素,前列腺特异膜抗原(PSMA)抑制剂/细胞毒素,促黑激素(MSH)/细胞毒素,促甲状腺激素(TSH)/细胞毒素,多克隆抗体/细胞毒素,生长激素抑制素/细胞毒素,叶酸/细胞毒素,间质蛋白酶抑制剂(matriptase)/细胞毒素,雌激素/细胞毒素,雌激素类似物/细胞毒素,合成重复锚蛋白(DARPins)/细胞毒素,雄激素/细胞毒素和雄激素类似物/细胞毒素。
在更优选实施例中,共轭体的组合为单克隆抗体/细胞毒素。在本发明中用于共轭体的抗体包括,但不限于以下抗体:3F8(抗GD2抗体),阿巴伏单抗(抗CA-125抗体),阿昔单抗(抗CD41抗体(整合素α-IIB),阿达木单抗(抗-TNF-α抗体),阿德木单抗(抗-EpCAM抗体,CD326),阿非莫单抗(抗-TNF-α);阿夫土珠(抗-CD20抗体),Alacizumab pegol(抗VEGFR2抗体),ALD518(抗-IL-6抗体),阿仑单抗(别名:Campath,MabCampath,坎帕斯,抗CD52抗体),阿妥莫单抗(抗CEA抗体),Anatumomab(抗-TAG-72抗体),Anrukinzumab(别名:IMA-638,抗-IL-13抗体),阿泊珠单抗(抗-HLA-DR抗体),阿西莫单抗(抗CEA抗体),阿塞珠单抗(抗-L-选择素(CD62L)抗体,Atlizumab(别名:托珠单抗,Actemra,RoActemra,抗-IL-6受体抗体),Atorolimumab(抗恒河猴因子抗体),bapineuzumab(抗β-淀粉样蛋白抗体),巴利昔单抗(舒莱,antiCD25(IL-2受体的α链)抗体,巴维昔单抗(抗磷脂酰丝氨酸抗体),贝妥莫单抗(别名:LymphoScan,抗-CD22抗体),贝利木单抗(别名:Benlysta,LymphoStat-B,抗BAFF抗体),Benralizumab(抗CD125抗体),柏替木单抗(抗CCL11(嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子-1)抗体),贝索单抗(别名:Scintimun,抗CEA-相关抗原抗体),贝伐单抗(别名:阿瓦斯丁,抗VEGF-A抗体)比西单抗(别名:FibriScint,抗血纤维蛋白Ⅱβ链抗体),Bivatuzumab(抗CD44v6抗体),blinatumomab(别名:BiTE,抗CD19抗体),Brentuximab(CAC10,抗-CD30TNFRSF8抗体),Briakinumab(抗-IL-12,IL-23抗体),康纳单抗(别名:Ilaris,抗-IL-1抗体),Cantuzumab(别名:C242,抗CanAg抗体),卡罗单抗,卡妥索单抗(别名:removab,抗EpCAM,抗-CD3抗体),CC49(抗-TAG-72抗体),Cedelizumab(抗CD4抗体),赛妥珠单抗(别名:Cimzia,抗TNF-α抗体),西妥昔单抗(别名:爱必妥,IMC-C225,抗-EGFR抗体),西他土珠(抗-EpCAM抗体),Cixutumumab(抗-IGF-1抗体),克立昔单抗(抗CD4抗体),Clivatuzumab(抗MUC1抗体),Conatumumab(抗-TRAIL-R2抗体),CR6261(抗A型流感血凝素抗体),Dacetuzumab(抗-CD40抗体),达利珠单抗(别名:赛尼哌,抗CD25(IL-2受体的α链)抗体),Daratumumab(抗-CD38(环化ADP核糖水解酶)抗体),狄诺塞麦(别名:Prolia,抗RANKL抗体),地莫单抗(抗B-淋巴瘤细胞抗体),阿托度单抗,Dorlixizumab,Ecromeximab(抗-GD3神经节苷脂抗体),依库丽单抗(别名:Soliris,抗-C5抗体),埃巴单抗(抗内毒素抗体),依决洛单抗(别名:Panorex,MAb17-1A,抗-EpCAM抗体),依法利珠单抗(别名:Raptiva,抗LFA-1(CD11a)抗体),依芬古单抗(别名:Mycograb,抗Hsp90抗体),Elotuzumab(抗SLAMF7抗体),伊斯利莫(抗IL-6抗体),恩莫单抗(抗ICAM-1(CD54)抗体),Epitumomab(抗episialin抗体),依帕珠单抗(抗-CD22抗体),Erlizumab(抗ITGB2(CD18)抗体),Ertumaxomab(别名:Rexomun,抗HER2/neu,CD3抗体),伊瑞西珠(别名:Abegrin,抗整合素αvβ3抗体),艾韦单抗(抗乙型肝炎表面抗原抗体),Fanolesomab(别名:NeutroSpec,抗CD15抗体),法拉莫单抗(抗干扰素受体抗体),Farletuzumab(抗叶酸受体1抗体),Felvizumab(抗呼吸道合胞病毒抗体),Fezakinumab(抗IL-22抗体),Figitumumab(抗IGF-1受体抗体),Fontolizumab(抗IFN-γ抗体),夫瑞韦如(抗狂犬病毒糖蛋白抗体),Fresolimumab(抗TGF-β抗体),加利昔单抗(抗CD80抗体),Gantenerumab(抗-β淀粉样蛋白抗体),Gavilimomab(抗-CD147(basigin)抗体),吉妥单抗(抗CD33抗体),Girentuximab(抗碳酸酐酶9抗体),Glembatumumab 5(别名:CR011,抗GPNMB抗体),戈利木单抗(别名:SIMPONI,抗TNF-α抗体),Gomiliximab(抗CD23(IgE受体)抗体),Ibalizumab(抗CD4抗体),替伊莫单抗(抗CD20抗体),伊戈伏单抗(别名:Indimacis-125,抗CA-125抗体),英西单抗(别名:Myoscint,抗心肌肌球蛋白抗体),英夫利昔单抗(别名:英利昔单抗,抗TNF-α抗体),Intetumumab(抗CD51抗体),伊诺莫单抗(抗CD25(IL-2受体α链)抗体),Inotuzumab(抗CD22抗体),易普利姆玛(抗CD152抗体),Iratumumab(抗CD30(TNFRSF8)抗体),Keliximab(抗CD4抗体),Labetuzumab(别名:CEA-Cide,抗CEA抗体),Lebrikizumab(抗IL-13抗体),Lemalesomab(抗NCA-90(粒细胞抗原)抗体),乐德木单抗(抗TGFβ-2抗体),来沙木单抗(抗TRAIL-R2抗体),利韦单抗(抗乙型肝炎表面抗原抗体),林妥珠单抗(抗CD33抗体),Lucatumumab(抗CD40抗体),鲁昔单抗(抗CD23(IgE受体)抗体),Mapatumumab(抗TRAIL-R1抗体),马司莫单抗(抗T-细胞受体抗体),马妥珠单抗(抗-EGFR抗体),美泊利单抗(别名:Bosatria,抗IL-5抗体),Metelimumab(抗TGFβ-1抗体),Milatuzumab(抗CD74抗体),Minretumomab(抗TAG-72抗体),米妥莫单抗(别名BEC-2,抗-GD3神经节苷脂抗体),Morolimumab(抗恒河猴因子抗体),莫维珠单抗(别名:NUMAX,抗呼吸道合胞病毒抗体),莫罗单抗-CD3(别名:OKT3ORTHOCLONE,抗CD3抗体),他那可单抗(抗C242抗体),他那莫单抗(抗5T4抗体),那他珠单抗(别名:Tysabri,抗整合素α4抗体),奈巴库25单抗(抗内毒素抗体),Necitumumab(抗EGFR抗体),Nerelimomab(抗TNF-α抗体),尼妥珠单抗(别名:Theracim,Theraloc,抗EGFR抗体),Nofetumomab,ocrelizumab(抗CD20抗体),奥度莫单抗(别名:Afolimomab,抗LFA-1(CD11A)抗体),木单抗(别名:Arzerra,抗CD20抗体),Olaratumab(抗PDGF-Rα抗体),奥马珠单抗(别名:索雷尔,抗IgE Fc区抗体),Oportuzumab(抗EpCAM抗体),奥戈伏单抗(别名:OvaRex,抗CA-125抗体),Otelixizumab(抗CD3抗体),帕吉昔单抗(抗脂磷壁酸抗体),帕利珠单抗(别名:Synagis,Abbosynagis,抗呼吸道合胞病毒抗体),帕尼单抗(别名:维克替比,ABX-EGF,抗-EGFR抗体),Panobacumab(抗绿脓杆菌抗体),Pascolizumab(抗IL-4抗体),Pemtumomab(别名:Theragyn,抗MUC1抗体),帕妥珠单抗(别名:OMNITARG,2C4,抗HER2/neu抗体),培克珠单抗(抗C5抗体),Pintumomab(抗腺癌抗原抗体),普立昔单抗(抗CD4抗体),普托木单抗(抗波形蛋白抗体),PRO140(抗CCR5抗体),Racotumomab(别名:1E10,抗-(N-羟乙酰神经氨酸(NeuGc,NGNA)-神经节苷脂GM3)抗体),瑞非韦鲁(抗狂犬病毒糖蛋白抗体),Ramucirumab(抗VEGFR2抗体),雷珠单抗(别名:Lucentis,抗VEGF-A抗体),瑞西巴库(抗炭疽毒素,保护性抗原抗体),瑞加韦单抗(抗巨细胞病毒的糖蛋白B抗体),Reslizumab(抗IL-5抗体),Rilotumumab(抗HGF抗体),利妥昔单抗(别名:美罗华,Rituxanmab,抗CD20抗体),Robatumumab(抗IGF-1受体抗体),Rontalizumab(抗IFN-α抗体),Rovelizumab(别名:LeukArrest,抗CD11,CD18抗体),Ruplizumab(别名:Antova,抗CD154(CD40L)抗体),沙妥莫单抗(抗TAG-72抗体),司韦单抗(抗巨细胞病毒抗体),Sibrotuzumab(抗FAP抗体),Sifalimumab(抗IFN-α抗体),Siltuximab(抗IL-6抗体),Siplizumab(抗CD2抗体),(Smart)MI95(抗CD33抗体),Solanezumab(抗β-淀粉样蛋白抗体),Sonepcizumab(抗神经鞘氨醇-1-磷酸抗体),索土珠单抗(抗episialin抗体),司他莫鲁(抗肌肉生长抑制素抗体),硫索单抗(别名:LeukoScan,(抗-NCA-90(粒细胞抗原)抗体),Tacatuzumab(抗α-甲胎蛋白抗体),他度珠单抗(抗整合素αIIbβ3抗体),他利珠单抗(抗IgE抗体),他尼珠(抗NGF抗体),Taplitumomab(抗CD19抗体),Tefibazumab(别名:Aurexis,抗聚集因子A抗体),阿替莫单抗,Tenatumomab(抗固生蛋白C抗体),替奈昔单抗(抗CD40抗体),Teplizumab(抗CD3抗体),TGN1412(抗CD28抗体),Ticilimumab(别名:Tremelimumab(抗CTLA-4抗体),Tigatuzumab(抗TRAIL-R2抗体),TNX-650(抗IL-13抗体),托珠单抗(别名Atlizumab,Actemra,RoActemra,(抗IL-6受体抗体),Toralizumab(抗CD154(CD40L)抗体),托西莫单抗(抗CD20抗体),曲妥珠单抗(赫赛汀,(抗HER2/neu蛋白抗体),Tremelimumab(抗CTLA-4抗体),Tucotuzumab celmoleukin(抗EpCAM抗体),妥韦单抗(抗B型肝炎病毒抗体),Urtoxazumab(抗大肠杆菌抗体),优斯它单抗(别名:Stelara,抗IL-12,IL-23抗体),伐利昔单抗(抗AOC3(VAP-1)抗体),Vedolizumab,(抗整合素α4β7抗体),Veltuzumab(抗CD20抗体),维帕莫单抗(抗AOC3(VAP-1)抗体,Visilizumab(别名:Nuvion,抗CD3抗体),Vitaxin(抗血管整合素avb3抗体),Volociximab(抗整合素α5β1),伏妥莫单抗(别名:HumaSPECT,抗肿瘤抗原CTAA16.88抗体),扎妥木单抗(别名:HUMAX-EGFR,(抗EGFR抗体),Zanolimumab(别名:HUMAX-CD4,抗CD4抗体),Ziralimumab(抗CD147(基础免疫球蛋白)抗体),阿佐莫单抗(抗CD5抗体),依那西普阿法赛特阿巴西普利纳西普(ARCALYST),14F7[抗IRP-2(铁离子调节蛋白2)抗体],14G2a(抗GD2神经节苷脂抗体,治疗黑色素瘤和实体瘤,Nat.cancer inst.),J591(抗PSMA抗体,治疗前列腺癌,威尔康乃尔医学院),225.28S[抗HMW-MAA(高分子量黑色素瘤相关抗原)抗体,索林Radiofarmaci SRL(意大利米兰)治疗黑色素瘤],COL-1(抗CEACAM3抗体,CGM1,Nat.cancer inst.,美国用于治疗大肠癌和胃癌),CYT-356(治疗前列腺癌),HNK20(OraVax公司,用于治疗呼吸道合胞病毒),ImmuRAIT(来自immunomedics治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤),Lym-1(抗HLA-DR10抗体,百富勤医药,用于癌症),MAK-195F[抗TNF抗体(又称:肿瘤坏死因子;TNFA,肿瘤坏死因子-α;TNFSF2),阿伯特/诺尔,用于治疗败血症中毒性休克],MEDI-500[别名:T10B9,抗CD3抗体,TRαβ(T细胞受体α/β),复合物,MedImmune公司用于治疗移植物抗宿主病],RING SCAN[抗TAG72(肿瘤相关糖蛋白72抗体),Neoprobe集团,用于治疗乳腺癌、结肠癌和直肠癌。Avicidin(抗-EpCAM抗体(上皮细胞粘附分子),抗TACSTD1抗体(肿瘤相关钙信号转导1),抗GA733-2(胃肠肿瘤相关蛋白2),抗EGP-2抗体(上皮糖蛋白2);抗KSA抗体;KS1/4抗原;M4S;肿瘤抗原17-1A;CD326,来自NeoRx公司用于治疗结肠癌,卵巢癌,前列腺癌和非霍奇金淋巴瘤;LymphoCide(immunomedics公司,NJ),Smart ID10(Protein Design Labs),Oncolym(Techniclone公司,美国加州),Allomune(BioTransplant),抗VEGF抗体(Genentech公司);CEAcide(Immunomedics公司),IMC-1C11(ImClone公司)和西妥昔单抗(ImClone公司)。
其他的与配体结合的抗体包括,但不限于,下列抗原的抗体:氨肽酶N(CD13),膜联蛋白A1,B7-H3(CD276,各种癌症),CA125,CA15-3(癌),CA19-9(癌),L6(癌),Lewis Y(癌),Lewis X(癌),甲胎蛋白(癌),CA242,胎盘碱性磷酸酶(癌),前列腺特异性抗原(前列腺癌),前列腺酸性磷酸酶(前列腺),表皮生长因子(癌),CD2(霍奇金病,非霍奇金淋巴瘤的淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤),CD3的ε(T细胞淋巴瘤,肺癌,乳腺癌,胃癌,卵巢癌,自身免疫性疾病,恶性腹水),CD19(B细胞恶性肿瘤),CD20(非霍奇金淋巴瘤),CD22(白血病,淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,系统性红斑狼疮),CD30(霍奇金淋巴瘤),CD33(白血病,自体免疫疾病),CD38(多发性骨髓瘤),CD40(淋巴瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,白血病),CD51(转移性黑素瘤,肉瘤),CD52(白血病),CD56(小细胞肺癌癌,卵巢癌,Merkel细胞癌,以及液体肿瘤,多发性骨髓瘤),CD66e(癌症),CD70(转移性肾细胞癌和非霍奇金淋巴瘤),CD74(多发性骨髓瘤),CD80(淋巴瘤),CD98(癌症),粘蛋白(癌),CD221(实体瘤),CD227(乳腺癌,卵巢癌),CD262(非小细胞肺癌和其他癌),CD309(卵巢癌),CD326(实体瘤),CEACAM3(大肠癌,胃癌),CEACAM5(癌胚抗原;CEA,CD66e)(乳腺癌,结肠直肠癌和肺癌),DLL4(Δ状-4),EGFR(表皮生长因子受体,各种癌症),CTLA4(黑色素瘤),CXCR4(CD184,血红素肿瘤,实体肿瘤),内皮糖蛋白(CD105,实体瘤),EPCAM(上皮细胞粘附分子,膀胱癌,头,颈,结肠,前列腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤,和卵巢癌),ERBB2(表皮生长因子受体2;肺癌,乳腺癌,前列腺癌),FCGR1(自身免疫性疾病),FOLR(叶酸受体,卵巢癌),GD2神经节苷脂(癌症),G-28(一种细胞表面抗原glyvolipid,黑素瘤),独特型GD3(癌症),热休克蛋白(癌症),HER1(肺,胃癌),HER2(乳腺癌,肺癌和卵巢癌),HLA-DR10(NHL),HLA-DRB(非霍奇金淋巴瘤,B细胞白血病),人绒毛膜促性腺激素(癌),IGF1R(胰岛素样生长因子1受体,实体瘤,血液癌症),IL-2受体(白细胞介素2受体,T-细胞白血病和淋巴瘤),IL-6R(白细胞介素6受体,多发性骨髓瘤,类风湿性关节炎,Castleman病,IL6依赖性肿瘤),整合素(αvβ3,α5β1,α6β4,αllβ3,α5β5,αvβ5细胞附着因子,对各种癌症),MAGE-1(癌),MAGE-2(癌),MAGE-3(癌),MAGE-4(癌),抗转铁蛋白受体(癌),P97(黑色素瘤),MS4A1(跨膜域4亚科A成员1,非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤,白血病),MUC1或MUC1-KLH(乳腺癌,卵巢癌,子宫颈癌,支气管和胃肠道癌症),MUC16(CA125)(卵巢癌),CEA(大肠),GP100(黑色素瘤),MART1(黑色素瘤),MPG(黑色素瘤),MS4A1(跨膜域4蛋白A,小细胞肺癌,非霍奇金淋巴瘤),核仁,神经癌基因产物(癌),P21(癌),抗(N-羟乙酰神经氨酸,乳腺癌,黑色素瘤的癌症),PLAP样睾丸碱性磷酸酶(卵巢癌,睾丸癌),PSMA(前列腺肿瘤),PSA(前列腺),ROBO4,TAG 72(肿瘤相关糖蛋白72,白血病,胃癌,结肠直肠癌,卵巢癌)中,T细胞的跨膜蛋白(癌症),Tie(CD202b),TNFRSF10B(肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员10B,癌症),TNFRSF13B(肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员13B,多发性骨髓瘤,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,以及其他癌症,类风湿性关节炎和系统性红斑狼疮),TPBG(滋养层糖蛋白,肾细胞癌),TRAIL-R1(肿瘤坏死凋亡诱导配体受体1,淋巴瘤,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,大肠癌,肺癌),VCAM-1(CD106,黑色素瘤),血管内皮生长因子,血管内皮生长因子-A,VEGF-2(CD309)(各种癌症)。其他一些通过抗体识别的与肿瘤相关的抗原可见于各种综述(Gerber,et al.,mAbs,2009,1(3),247-253;Novellino,et al.,CancerImmunol Immunother.,2005,54(3),187-207;Franke,et al.,CancerBiother.Radiopharm.,2000,15,459-76)。这些抗原的例子包括:其他不同的集群(CD4,CD5,CD6,CD7,CD8,CD9,CD10,CD11a,CD11b,CD11c,CD12w,CD14,CD15,CD16,CDw17,CD18,CD21,CD23,CD24,CD25,CD26,CD27,CD28,CD29,CD30,CD31,CD32,CD33,CD34,CD35,CD36,CD37,CD38,CD41,CD42,CD43,CD44,CD45,CD46,CD47,CD48,CD49b,CD49c,CD53,CD54,CD55,CD56,CD58,CD59,CD61,CD62E,CD62L,CD62P,CD63,CD68,CD69,CD70,CD71,CD72,CD79,CD81,CD82,CD83,CD86,CD87,CD88,CD89,CD90,CD91,CD95,CD96,CD100,CD103,CD105,CD106,CD109,CD117,CD120,CD127,CD133,CD134,CD135,CD137,CD138,CD141,CD142,CD143,CD144,CD147,CD151,CD152,CD154,CD156,CD158,CD163,CD166,CD168,CD184,CDw186,CD195,CD202(a,b),CD209,CD235a,CD271,CD303,CD304),APO2,ASLG659,BMPR1B(骨形态发生蛋白受体),CRIPTO,膜联蛋白A1,核仁,内皮糖蛋白(CD105),ROBO4,氨基肽酶N,Δ-样4(DLL4),VEGFR-2(CD309),CXCR4(CD184),Tie2,B7-H3,WT1,MUC1,LMP2,HPV E6E7,EGFRvIII,HER-2/neu,HER3,HLA-DOB(MHC II类分子IA抗原),整合素,IRTA2,MPF(MPF,MSLN,SMR,巨核细胞强化因子,间皮素),CRIPTO,Sema 5b(FLJ10372,KIAA1445,Mm42015,SEMA5B,5EMAG,semaphoring 5 bHlog,sdema域,七个血小板重复序列,胞浆区),个体基因型,MAGE A3,P53 nonmutant,NY-ESO-1,GD2,CEA,MelanA/MART1,Napi3b(NAPI-3B,NPTIIb,SLC34A2,溶质载体家族34,成员2,II型钠依赖的磷转运3b),Ras突变,gp100,p53突变体,Proteinase3(PR1),BCR-abl,酪氨酸酶,生存素,hTERT,肉瘤易位断点,EphA2,PAP,ML-IAP,AFP,EpCAM,ERG(TMPRSS2ETS融合基因),NA17,PAX3,ALK,雄激素受体,细胞周期素B1,聚唾液酸,MYCN,RhoC,TRP-2,GD3,岩藻糖神经节苷脂,间皮素,STEAP1(6个跨膜上皮前列腺抗原),和STEAP2(HGNC 8639,IPCA-1,PCANP1,STAMP1,STEAP2,STMP,前列腺),PSCA,MAGE A1,sLe(a),CYP1B1,PLAC1,GM3,BORIS,Tn,GloboH,ETV6-AML,NY-BR-1,RGS5,SART3,STn,碳酸酐酶IX,PAX5,OY-25TES1,精子蛋白17,LCK,HMWMAA,AKAP-4,SSX2,XAGE 1,B7H3,豆荚蛋白,Tie 2,Page4,VEGFR2,MAD-CT-1,FAP,PDGFR-β,MAD-CT-2,Fos蛋白相关抗原1。
本发明中使用的抗体可以用体内、体外或者两者组合的方式获得。生产多克隆抗-受体多肽抗体的方法是非常成熟的,在美国专利4,493,795(Nestor等人)都有详细描述。通常,单克隆抗体是应用相应抗原免疫的小鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞通过杂交瘤技术得到的(G.C.Milstein,Nature,1975,256,495-497)。其具体操作流程在“Antibodies-ALaboratory Manual”Harlow and Lane,eds.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,New York(1988)中有详细描述。特别地,单克隆抗体是通过使小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠或其它哺乳动物免疫于需要的抗原,如完整的细胞,从完整细胞中分离得到的抗原,整个病毒,衰减病毒,病毒蛋白等而得到。脾细胞通常在PEG(6000)作用下与骨髓瘤细胞融合,杂交融合的细胞通过HAT(次黄嘌呤-氨基蝶呤-胸腺嘧啶)选择性培养基筛选。本发明所使用的由杂交瘤细胞产生单克隆抗体筛选是依据它们与靶细胞上的相应受体免疫结合或免疫阻抗的能力。
本发明中所使用的单克隆抗体还可以通过杂交瘤细胞培养而获得,这样的杂交瘤细胞能分泌与相应抗原结合的抗体。杂交瘤细胞的培养过程中,通过控制条件使杂交瘤细胞向培养基中分泌抗体。收集包含抗体的培养基,而后通过一些成熟的技术纯化,如蛋白A或蛋白G亲和层析,阴离子、阳离子和疏水层析以及分子大小排阻层析(特别是蛋白A、蛋白G亲和层析和分子大小排阻层析),离心,差异溶解或者其他标准的蛋白纯化分离技术。
制备抗体的培养基(包括合成培养基)也是已知且商业化的。一个典型的合成培养基是Dulbecco's基本必需培养基(DMEM;Dulbecco,et al.,Virol.,1959,8,396),其中补加入4.5g/L葡萄糖,20mM谷氨酰胺,20%胎牛血清以及消泡剂,如聚氧乙烯-聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物。
另外,抗体生产细胞株也可以通过除了细胞融合外的方法得到,如说用癌基因DNA直接转化B淋巴细胞,或者致癌病毒如EB病毒(EBV,也称人疱疹病毒4(HHV-4))或者肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)转染B淋巴细胞。(可参考美国专利4,341,761;4,399,121;4,427,783;4,444,887;4,451,570;4,466,917;4,472,500;4,491,632;4,493,890.)单克隆抗体也可以通过抗-受体多肽或含末端羧基的多肽产生而得到。具体可见Niman,et al,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,1983,80,4949-4953;Geysen,et al,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,1985,82,178-182;Lei,et al,Biochemistry,1995,34(20),6675-6688等文献。通常,抗-受体多肽或多肽类似物可以单独或与免疫原载体连接,作为抗原生产抗-受体多肽单克隆抗体。
还有其他已知的各种技术,可以用来生产本发明里作为结合分子的单克隆抗体。特别有用的是生产全人源抗体的方法。其中一个方法是噬菌体展示技术,此方法通过亲和富集,从大量的人抗体中筛选出特异性结合抗原的抗体。噬菌体展示技术,包括构建和筛选噬菌体展示库是一种非常成熟的技术,具体可以参考Dente,et al,Gene,1994,148(1),7-13;Little,et al,Biotechnol Adv.,1994,12(3),539-55;Clackson,et al,Nature,1991,352,264-268;Huse,et al.,Science,1989,246,1275-1281;Hoogenboom,et al,Methodsin Molecular Biology,2001,178,1-37(O'Brien,et al,ed.,Human Press,Totowa,N.J.);Lee,et al,J.Mol.Biol.,2004,340,1073-1093等文献。
通过非人源的如老鼠的杂交瘤技术获得的抗体,可以通过人源化以避免注射入人体时产生抗-抗体。最常见的人源化抗体的方法是互补决定区嫁接和表面修饰,这些方法在文献中都有大量描述,如美国专利5,859,205;6,797,492;Liu,et al.,Immunol Rev.,2008,222,9-27;Almagro,et al.,Front Biosci.,2008,1(13),1619-33;Lazar,et al.,Mol Immunol.,2007,44(8),1986-98;Li,et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,2006,103(10),3557-62。全人源抗体也可以通过带有人免疫球蛋白重链、轻链的抗原免疫转基因小鼠、兔子、猴子以及其他转基因哺乳动物而得到。这样的转基因小鼠例子有Xenomouse(Abgenix/Amgen.),HuMAb-Mouse(Medarex/BMS),VelociMouse(Regeneron),参见美国专利6,596,541;6,207,418;6,150,584;6,111,166;6,075,181;5,922,545;5,661,016;5,545,806;5,436,149和5,569,825。在人体治疗中,通过将鼠源的可变区与人的非可变区融合称为“嵌合抗体”,这类抗体比鼠抗在人体中具有更小的免疫原性(Kipriyanov,et al.,MolBiotechnol.,2004,26,39-60;Houdebine,Curr Opin Biotechnol.,2002,13,625-629)。另外,通过可变区的点突变可以使抗体抗原结合的亲和力和特异性提高(Brannigan,et al.,Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol.,2002,3,964-70);Adams,et al,J Immunol Methods.,1999,231,249-60)。非可变区的替换可以改进抗体介导的结合功能和细胞毒性。
特异免疫癌细胞抗原的抗体可以通过商业购买或者任何已知的方法得到,如化学合成和重组表达。表达抗体的DNA序列可以通过商业购买或其他途径,如GenBank数据库或类似的数据库,发表的文献,常规克隆和测序等方法得到。
杂交瘤细胞来源的单克隆抗体或噬菌体展示得到的抗体的DNA序列,可以通过简单的分离纯化并测序得到(如,通过特殊设计的扩增抗体重链,轻链的寡核苷酸引物从杂交瘤或噬菌体中扩增需要的抗体DNA)。一旦得到DNA单元,可以将DNA插入到表达载体中,然后转化或转染进入宿主细胞如大肠杆菌,猴COS细胞,中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞或者骨髓瘤细胞等不表达免疫球蛋白的细胞中,获得相应的单克隆抗体(Skerra,et al.,Curr.Opinionin Immunol.,1993,5,256;Pluckthun,Immunol.Revs.,1992,130,151)。抗体还可以在这样的一种表达系统中产生,其中表达得到的多肽成分的定量比率可以被控制,以帮助提高抗体产量以及促进抗体正确组装形成。这种方法至少部分地是由于同时也提高了多肽的翻译效率得以实现。通过常规的发酵得到的抗体蛋白需进一步纯化以获得单一的产物,用于下一步的试验和使用。发酵后采用已知的标准蛋白纯化方法进行纯化。一个示例性的纯化过程包括:免疫亲和分离(如蛋白A柱)或离子交换柱层析,乙醇沉淀,反相高压液相色谱(HPLC)纯化,硅胶柱层析或阳离子交换柱层析(如DEAE),色谱聚焦层析,SDS-PAGE,硫酸铵沉淀以及凝胶过滤(如Sephadex G-75)。
除抗体以外,任何多肽或蛋白通过结合、阻抗、靶向或以其它方式与靶细胞的抗原表位或相应的受体相互作用的可以作为结合分子。这些多肽或蛋白可以是任何一种能够结合相应表位或受体的分子,并不一定要属于免疫球蛋白家族。这些多肽可以应用类似噬菌体抗体展示技术(Szardenings,J Recept Signal Transduct Res.,2003,23(4),307-49)而分离得到。从随机多肽库中筛选到的多肽可以像抗体或抗体片段一样作为结合分子使用。作为结合分子的多肽或蛋白,只要不影响其结合特异性,就可以被偶联或者连接到大分子或材料,如,但不限于,白蛋白,高分子,脂质体,纳米微球等。
细胞结合分子,优选抗体上的任何一个反应性基团都可以是共轭结合位,如赖氨酸的ε-氨基,碳水化合物侧链,羧酸基,二硫键,巯基等。关于抗体上可用于偶联反应基团的综述及相应地为我所引用,可以参考G.T.Hermanson,Bioconjugate Techniques,AcademicPress,2008;Garnett,Adv.Drug Delivery Rev.,2001,53,171-216;Dubowchik,Walker,Pharmacology&Therapeutics,1999,83,67-123等文献。
本发明中的细胞毒素可以直接或是通过双官能团连接体或交联试剂共轭(连接)到细胞结合分子上。其中双官能团连接体包含两个反应基团:一个可以与细胞结合分子反应,另一个可以与本发明中一个或是多个细胞毒性分子反应。双官能团连接体广泛见于文献(如美国专利5,208,020;Isalm,Dent,Bioconjugation,第5章218-363页,GrovesDictionaries Inc.,New York,1999)。例如下列双官能团连接体:SPDP(N-琥珀酰亚胺3-(2-吡啶双硫)丙酸酯),SPDB(N-琥珀酰亚胺4-(2-吡啶双硫)丁酸酯),SPP(N-琥珀酰亚胺4-(2-吡啶双硫)戊酸酯),SDPB(N-琥珀酰亚胺3-(2-吡啶双硫)丁酸酯),2-亚氨基硫烷,N-琥珀酰亚胺4-(5-硝基-2吡啶双硫)丁酸酯(SNPB),N-琥珀酰亚胺4-(5-硝基-2吡啶双硫)戊酸酯(SNPP),N-磺酸琥珀酰亚胺4-(5-硝基-2吡啶双硫)丁酸酯(SSNPB),N-琥珀酰亚胺-4-甲基-4-(5-硝基-2吡啶双硫)戊酸酯(SMNP),N-磺酸琥珀酰亚胺4-(5-硝基-2吡啶双硫)戊酸酯(SSNPP),4-琥珀酰亚胺-氧羰基-α-甲基-(2-吡啶双硫)甲苯(SMPT),N-磺酸琥珀酰亚胺-4-甲基-4-(5-硝基-2吡啶双硫)戊酸酯(SSMNP),N-琥珀酰亚胺-4-甲基-4-(2吡啶双硫)戊酸酯(SMPDP),N-琥珀酰亚胺4-(5-N,N-甲基-酰胺-2-吡啶双硫)丁酸酯(SCPB),N-磺酸琥珀酰亚胺-4-(5-N,N-甲基-酰胺-2-吡啶双硫)丁酸酯(SSCPB),N-酰亚胺-4,4-二甲基-4-(2-吡啶双硫)戊酸酯(SDMPDP),琥珀酰亚胺-4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯(SMCC),N-琥珀酰亚胺-4-(碘代乙酰基)-胺基苯酸酯(SIAB),双马来酰亚胺聚乙二醇(BMPEG),BM(PEG)1-20,N-(β-马来酰亚胺乙氧基)-琥珀酰亚胺酯(BMPS),2-亚氨基硫烷(IT),二甲基己二亚酰胺盐酸盐或酰亚胺酯的衍生物,活化的酯(如辛二酸二琥珀酰亚胺),乙醛(如戊二醛),双叠氮化合物(如双(对位叠氮苯甲酰基)己二胺),双重氮盐衍生物(如双-(对位重氮苯甲酰基乙二胺),二异氰酸酯(如甲苯2,6-二异氰酸盐),以及双活化氟化合物(如1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯),γ-马来酰亚胺基乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(GMBS),E-马来酰亚胺基乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(EMCS),5-马来酰亚胺基戊酸NHS,HBVS,N-马来酰亚胺-4-马来酰亚胺甲基)-环己烷-1-羰基-(6-氨基己酸酯)(SMCC的长链类似物(LC-SMCC)),间马来酰亚胺苯甲酰-N-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺脂(MBS),4-(4-N-马来酰亚胺苯基)-丁酸肼或盐酸盐(MPBH),3-(溴乙酰胺基)丙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(SBAP),碘醋酸N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SIA),kappa-(马来酰亚胺基)十一烷酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(KMUA),N-丁二酰亚胺基-4-(对顺丁烯二酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸酯(SMPB),琥珀酰亚胺l-6-(β-马来酰亚胺丙酰胺基)-己酸酯(SMPH),琥珀酰亚胺基-(4-4-乙烯基磺酸苯甲酸酯(SVSB),二硫基-双马来酰亚胺基乙烷(DTME),1,4-二马来酰亚氨基丁烷(BMB),1,4-二马来酰亚氨基-2,3-二羟基丁烷(BMDB),双马来酰亚胺己烷(BMH),双马来酰亚胺乙烷(BMOE),4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸磺酸基琥珀酰亚胺酯(sulfo-SMCC),磺酸琥珀酰亚氨基(4-碘代乙酰基)氨基苯甲酯(sulfo-SIAB),3-马来酰亚胺基苯甲酸-N-羟基磺酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(sulfo-MBS),N-(gamma-马来酰亚胺丁酸磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯(sulfo-GMBS),N-(epsilon-马来酰亚胺丙酸磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯(sulfo-EMCS),N-(kappa-马来酰亚胺基十一酰氧基)磺基琥珀酰亚胺(sulfo-KMUS),以及磺酸琥珀酰亚氨基4-(p-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸酯(sulfo-SMPB);或市售的连接体(如可购于Thermo Scientific’s Pierce的亚氨酸酯结合剂:DMA(二亚胺代己二酸二甲酯二盐酸盐),DMP(二亚胺代己二酸二甲酯二盐酸盐),DMS(二亚胺代己二酸二甲酯二盐酸盐),DTBP(二甲基3,3-二硫代双丙亚氨酸二甲酯二盐酸盐);NHS-酯胺反应结合剂:BS(PEG)5(双(琥珀酰亚胺)五(乙烯乙二醇酯)),BS(PEG)9(双(琥珀酰亚胺)九(乙二醇酯)),BS(双(磺酸琥珀酰亚胺辛二酸盐),BSOCOES(双[2-(琥珀酰亚胺氧羰基氧)乙基亚砜),DSG(戊二酸二琥珀酰亚胺),DSP(3,3'-二硫代双(磺酸琥珀酰亚氨基丙酸酯),DSS(辛二酸二琥珀酰亚胺),DST(酒石酸二琥珀酰亚胺),DTSSP(3,3'-二硫代双(磺酸琥珀酰亚氨基丙酸酯)),EGS(乙二醇双(丁二酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯)),Sulfo-EGS(磺酸乙二醇双(丁二酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯)),TSAT(三-琥珀酰亚胺基氨基),DFDNB(1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯);胺基-巯基结合剂:Sulfo-SIAB(磺酸琥珀酰亚胺(4-碘乙酰基)氨基苯甲酸),SIAB(琥珀酰亚胺(4-碘乙酰基)氨基苯甲酸),SBAP(琥珀酰亚胺基3-(溴代乙酰氨基)丙酸酯),SIA(N-碘代丁二酰亚胺),Sulfo-SMCC(4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸磺酸基琥珀酰亚胺酯),SM(PEG)n(NHS-PEG-马来酰亚胺结合剂:琥珀酰亚胺-(N-马来酰亚胺丙酰胺基)-#乙二醇)酯,#=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18,19,20,21,22,23,24),LC-SMCC(4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸磺酸基琥珀酰亚胺酯),Sulfo-EMCS(N-(epsilon-马来酰亚胺丙酸磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯),EMCS(N-(epsilon-马来酰亚胺丙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯),Sulfo-GMBS(N-(gamma-马来酰亚胺丁酸磺基琥珀酰亚胺酯),GMBS(N-(gamma-马来酰亚胺丁酸琥珀酰亚胺酯),Sulfo-KMUS(N-(kappa-马来酰亚胺基十一酰氧基)磺基琥珀酰亚胺),Sulfo-MBS(3-马来酰亚胺基苯甲酸-N-羟基磺酸琥珀酰亚胺酯),MBS(3-马来酰亚胺基苯甲酸琥珀酰亚胺酯),Sulfo-SMPB((磺酸琥珀酰亚氨基4-(p-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸酯),SMPB(琥珀酰亚氨基4-(p-马来酰亚胺基苯基)丁酸酯),AMAS(N-(α马来酰亚胺基乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯),BMPS(N-beta-马来酰亚胺基丙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯),SMPH(琥珀酰亚胺l-6-(β-马来酰亚胺丙酰胺基)-己酸酯),PEG12-SPDP(2-吡啶二巯基)丙酸-PEG12-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯),PEG4-SPDP(2-吡啶二巯基)丙酸-PEG4-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯),Sulfo-LC-SPDP(磺基琥珀酰亚胺6-[3'-(2-吡啶二巯基)丙酸]己酸酯),LC-SPDP(琥珀酰亚胺6-[3'-(2-吡啶二巯基)丙酸]己酸酯),SMPT(4-琥珀酰亚胺-氧羰基-α-甲基-(2-吡啶双硫)甲苯);羰基-胺基结合剂:DCC(二环己基碳二亚胺),EDC(1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐);光结合剂:ANB-NOS(N-5-叠氮基-2-硝基苯甲酸琥珀酰亚胺酯);NHS-重氮甲烷(SDA)结合剂:SDA(羟基琥珀酰亚胺基4,4’-叠氮戊酸盐),LC-SDA(NHS-LC-Diazirine)(羟基琥珀酰亚胺基6-[4,4’-叠氮戊酰胺]己酯),SDAD(NHS-SS-Diazirine)(琥珀酰亚胺基3-([4,4’-叠氮戊酰胺]乙基)1,3’-二硫代丙酸盐),Sulfo-SDA(Sulfo-NHS-Diazirine)(硫代琥珀酰亚胺基4,4’-叠氮戊酸盐),Sulfo-LC-SDA(Sulfo-NHS-LC-Diazirine)(硫代琥珀酰亚胺基6-[4,4’-叠氮戊酰胺]己酯)Sulfo-SDAD(Sulfo-NHS-SS-Diazirine)(硫代琥珀酰亚胺基3-([4,4’-叠氮戊酰胺]乙基)1,3’-二硫代丙酸盐),Sulfo-SANPAH(硫代琥珀酰亚胺基6-(4'-叠氮-2'-硝基苯胺)-己酸酯),SPB(琥珀酰亚胺[4-(补骨脂-8-基氧基)]-丁酸);巯基-糖类结合剂:BMPH(N-β-马来酰亚胺基丙酸酰肼·TFA),EMCH(N-ε-马来酰亚胺己酰肼·TFA),KMUH(N-kappa-马来酰亚胺基)十一烷酰肼·TFA),MPBH(-(4-N-马来酰亚胺苯基)丁酸酰肼盐酸盐),PDPH(3-(2-吡啶基二硫)丙酰基酰肼);巯基-羟基结合剂:PMPI(对马来酰亚胺基苯基异氰酸酯);巯基-巯基结合剂:BM(PEG)2(1,8-双马来酰亚胺基二甘醇),BM(PEG)3(1,11-双马来酰亚胺基三甘醇),BMB(1,4-双马来酰亚胺基丁烷),BMDB(1,4-二马来酰亚氨基-2,3-二羟基丁烷),BMH(双马来酰亚胺基己烷),BMOE(双马来酰亚胺基乙烷),DTME(二硫基-双马来酰亚胺基乙烷),TMEA(三(2-马来酰亚胺基乙基)胺)和SVSB(琥珀酰亚胺(4-乙烯基砜)苯甲酸甲酯)。
双马来酰亚胺或双-2-吡啶二巯基试剂能以连续的或并发的方式把含有巯基的细胞结合分子(如抗体)和含有巯基的药物分子、标记物或是连接体中间体相连接。除马来酰亚胺和吡啶二巯基外,其他官能团如碘代乙酰胺、溴代乙酰胺、乙烯基吡啶、二硫化合物、吡啶二硫化合物、异氰酸酯和异硫氰酸酯也可以与含有巯基的细胞结合分子、药物分子、标记物或是连接体中间体反应。
在另外的实施例中,连接体可以由一种或多个连接体单元构成。典型的连接体单元有:
1.自消型连接体单元
其中(*)是指在此点链接间隔体,或可释放连接体单元,或细胞毒素,和/或细胞结合分子(CBA)的位点;X1,Y1,Z2和Z3可以独立地是NH、O或S;Z1可以独立地是H、NH、O或S。v为0或1;Q1可以独立地是H,OH,C1-C6烷烃,(OCH2CH2)n,F,Cl,Br,I,OR5,SR5,NR5R5’,N=NR5,N=R5,NR5R5’,NO2,SOR5R5’,SO2R5,SO3R5,OSO3R5,PR5R5’,POR5R5’,PO2R5R5’,OPO(OR5)(OR5’)或OCH2PO(OR5(OR5’),其中R5和R5’定义如前面或公式(I)中所述,R5和R5’优选为H,C1-C8烷基,C2-C8烯基,炔基,杂环烷基,C3-C8芳香基,杂环化合物,碳环形,环烷基,杂环环烷烃,杂环芳香烃,羰基或药用阳离子盐。
2.非自消型连接体单元
其中(*)是指连接间隔体,或可释放连接体单元,或细胞毒素,和/或细胞结合分子的连接点;X1,Y1,Q1,R5,R5’和r定义如公式(I)所述;m,n和p为0-6。
3.含有以下单元的连接体:6-马来酰亚胺己酰基(MC),马来酰亚胺丙酰基(MP),缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(val-cit或vc),丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸(ala-phe或af),对胺基苄氧基-羰基(PAB),N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(2-吡啶基硫代)戊酸酯(SPP),N-琥珀酰亚胺基4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸酯(SMCC),N-琥珀酰亚胺(4-碘代乙酰基)氨基苯甲酸酯(SIAB),含一个或多个乙基氧(-CH2CH2O-)重复单元的连接体(EO或PEG)。其他的连接体可见于各种文献以及本专利其他各处。
在另外的实施例中,连接体可包含氨基酸残基。示例性的氨基酸连接体单元包括二肽、三肽、四肽或五肽连接体。典型的二肽包括:缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(VC或val-cit),丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸(af或ala-phe)。典型的三肽包括:甘氨酸-缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(gly-val-cit)和甘氨酸-甘氨酸-甘氨酸(gly-gly-gly)。构成氨基酸连接体单元的氨基酸残基,包括天然存在的以及次要氨基酸和非天然存在的氨基酸类似物,诸如瓜氨酸。氨基酸连接体单元可以被设计和优化,以利于被特定酶例如肿瘤相关蛋白酶,组织蛋白酶B、C和D,或纤溶酶蛋白酶,选择性酶促水解。
在本发明细胞结合分子-药物分子共轭体中,细胞结合分子(CBA)通过一个双功能连接体(L),结合一个或多个药物分子(药物,或PBD衍生物),比如约1~20个药物分子/细胞结合分子。应用常规的有机化学反应,条件和试剂,结构式为(IX),(X),(XI),(XII),(XIII),和(XIV)的共轭体可以通过数种路径来制备,包括:(1)细胞结合分子(CBA)与连接体(L)在含有可选的0-30%有机共溶剂的pH3-9水相缓冲液中反应,在细胞结合分子上引入活性二硫化物、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰、酰肼、腈、炔基、烷氧胺或醛基,从而形成共价结合的CBA-L。而后CBA-L分子与结构式为(I)的药物单元(药物)反应生成细胞结合分子-药物共轭体;或者(2)结构式为(I)的药物单元(药物)与连接体(L),在有机介质中或在含可选0-99%有机共溶剂的pH为3-9的水相缓冲液中反应,在药物单元上引入活性二硫化物、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰、酰肼、腈、炔基、烷氧基胺、醛、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)或五氟苯基酯,形成一个共价结合的药物-L分子。药物-L分子而后与细胞结合分子(CBA),或预先被修饰的CBA反应产生细胞结合分子-药物共轭体;或者(3)直接使细胞结合分子与结构式为(Ⅰ)的带有活性二硫化物、马来酰亚胺基、卤代乙酰、酰肼、腈、炔基、烷氧胺基、醛、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)或五氟苯基酯官能团的药物分子,在含可选0-99%有机共溶剂,pH为3-9的水相缓冲液反应。
细胞结合分子(如抗体)上的巯基或胺基上具有亲核性,能够与连接体和药物-连接体上的亲电子基团反应成键,这些亲电基包括:(i)活性酯类,如NHS酯,HOBt酯,卤代甲酸酯,和酰卤素;(ii)烷基和苄基卤化物,如卤代乙酰胺;(ⅲ)醛类、酮类、羧基和马来酰亚胺基;以及(iv)二硫化物,包括吡啶基二硫化物(硫交换反应)。药物单元上的亲核基团包括,但不限于:胺、硫醇、羟基、酰肼、肟、肼、缩氨基硫脲、肼羧酸酯和芳基酰肼基团,这些基团都能够与连接体单元和连接体上的亲电基团反应而形成共价键。
抗体或蛋白质上的亲核基团可以与连接体上的亲电基团反应后再与细胞毒性分子反应,或者直接与连接体-细胞毒性分子分子反应形成细胞结合分子-细胞毒性剂共价偶联物。抗体或蛋白质上的的亲核基团包括,但不限于:(i)N末端氨基;(ii)侧链胺基团,例如赖氨酸;(ⅲ)侧链巯基,例如半胱氨酸,和(iv)糖基化抗体中的糖羟基或氨基。胺,巯基和羟基具有亲核型,能够与连接体单元和连接体-细胞毒性分子上的亲电基反应,形成共价键。这些亲电子基团包括:(i)活性酯类,如NHS酯,HOBt酯,卤代甲酸酯,和酰基卤素;(ii)烷基和苯甲基卤化物,如卤代乙酰胺;(ⅲ)醛类,酮类,羧基和马来酰亚胺基团。某些抗体含有可被还原的链间二硫键,如半胱氨酸桥。它们可以被还原剂如DTT(二硫苏糖醇)或三羰基乙基膦(TCEP)还原而具备反应活性(Getz,et al.,Anal.Biochem.,Vol 273,73-80;SoltecVentures,Beverly,Mass,1999)。因此,在理论上每个半胱氨酸桥将生成两个反应性巯基亲核体。或者,巯基可通过赖氨酸残基的修饰被引入抗体中,例如赖氨酸残基与2-亚氨基硫烷(Traut试剂)反应,从而使胺转换成硫醇。反应性硫醇基团可以通过引入一个,两个,三个,四个或更多个半胱氨酸残基而被引入到抗体(如通过制备包含一个或多个非天然半胱氨酸氨基酸残基的变体抗体)。在细胞结合分子上游离的硫醇可以与细胞毒性分子或者连接体-细胞毒性分子上的硫醇反应性基团结合,如马来酰亚胺,碘乙酰胺,吡啶二硫化物,或其它基团。未结合在抗体上的一些游离巯基可再被氧化,形成链间和链内二硫键。
本发明的抗体-药物共轭体也可以通过抗体上的亲电基团,如醛或酮羰基与连接体试剂或药物上的亲核基团之间的反应产生。连接体试剂上有效的亲核基团包括,但不限于,酰肼,肟,氨基,肼,缩氨基硫脲,肼羧酸酯,和芳基酰肼。在一个实施例中,通过引入能够与连接体试剂或药物上的亲核取代基反应的亲电子部分修饰抗体。在另一个实施例中,糖基化抗体的糖可以被氧化剂氧化,如高碘酸盐氧化剂,生成醛或酮,与连接体试剂或药物结构部分的胺反应。所得亚胺Schiff碱基团或者是一个稳定的连接,或可能被还原剂,如硼氢化物试剂,还原形成稳定的胺。在一个实施例中,糖基化抗体的碳水化合物部分与半乳糖氧化酶或偏高碘酸钠反应,生成羰基(醛和酮),它们可以与药物上的合适基团反应。在另一个实施例中,含有N末端丝氨酸或苏氨酸残基的抗体与偏高碘酸钠反应,生成醛来代替第一氨基酸(Geoghegan,Stroh,Bioconjugate Chem.,1992,3,138-146;U.S.Pat.No.5,362,852)。这样的醛可与药物单元或连接体亲核体发生反应。
上述两步法偶联可以描述如下:
其中E包括,但不限于,羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(NHS,硫代NHS等),4-硝基苯基酯,五氟苯基酯,四氟苯基(包括硫代四氟苯基)酯,酸酐,酰氯,磺酰氯,异氰酸酯和异硫氰酸酯。R’和R”可以是各自独立的H,CH3或C2H5;J为氟,氯,溴,碘,甲苯磺酸酯基(TsO),甲磺酸酯基(MsO),硝基苯酚基,二硝基苯酚基或五氟苯酚基。
应当说明的是,若细胞结合分子(如抗体)上有不止一个亲核基团,当它与药物-连接体中间物或连接体试剂反应之后,再接着与药物单元反应,所得产物为在抗体上分布有一个或多个药物单元的细胞结合分子-细胞毒性分子共轭体的混合物。混合物中每个抗体的平均药物数目可以通过双重ELISA抗体测定法来测定,该法对于抗体和药物来说具有特异性。混合物中个别共轭体分子可以通过质谱确认,并通过HPLC,如疏水层析色谱分离。在某些实施例中,带有单一载药量的共轭体可以通过电泳或色谱法从混合物中分离出来。
在共轭体中,ADC的载药量(小分子药物与抗体的比例)可以通过不同的方法控制。例如:(i)控制药物-连接体中间体或连接试剂相对于抗体的摩尔量,(ii)控制偶联反应的时间和温度,(iii)对半胱氨酸巯基部分还原或限制还原条件,(iv)通过工程抗体技术将氨基酸序列与抗体重组,在抗体上修饰赖氨酸或半胱氨酸残基的数量和位置,从而控制药物连接的位置和数量(例如工程化巯基抗体(thioMab)或巯基抗体结合单元(thioFab))。
其他更多示例性的制备ADC的方法可见于图5,11,12,13,14,16,17,18,19,20,21,22和23以及本发明专利描述部分的例子中。
细胞结合分子-药物共轭体用于疾病的治疗
细胞结合分子-药物共轭体特别是本发明中的抗体-小分子药物共轭体(ADC)可以用来治疗多种疾病及身体机能的失调,例如与肿瘤抗原过量表达的相关疾病。典型的以及过度增殖失调情况包括:良性及恶性肿瘤、白血病和恶性淋巴瘤,也包括神经元、胶质、星形胶质细胞、下丘脑、腺体、巨噬细胞、上皮,基质、囊胚、炎症、血管生成相关疾病,免疫性包括自身免疫疾病。
在具体实施例中,本发明中的共轭体被用作癌症治疗的药物组合及治疗方法。这些癌症包含,并不限于,肾上腺皮质癌,直肠癌,膀胱癌,脑肿瘤(成人:脑干胶质瘤,儿童,小脑星形细胞瘤,星形细胞瘤,室管膜瘤,髓母细胞瘤,幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤,松果体,视觉通路和下丘脑胶质瘤),乳腺癌,类癌肿瘤,胃肠道,未知原发癌,宫颈癌,结肠癌,子宫内膜癌,食管癌,肝外胆管癌,尤文家族肿瘤(PNET),颅外恶性生殖细胞肿瘤,眼癌,眼内黑色素瘤,胆囊癌,胃癌(胃),生殖细胞肿瘤,性腺外,妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤,头颈部肿瘤,下咽癌,胰岛细胞癌,肾癌(肾细胞癌),喉癌,白血病(急性淋巴细胞,急性髓细胞,慢性淋巴细胞,慢性髓细胞,多毛细胞),唇和口腔癌,肝癌,肺癌(非小细胞,小细胞,淋巴瘤(爱滋病相关,中枢神经系统,皮肤T细胞,霍奇金病,非霍奇金病,恶性间皮瘤,黑色素瘤,默克尔细胞癌,原发性隐匿性鳞状颈部转移癌,多发性骨髓瘤和其他浆细胞肿瘤,蕈样肉芽肿,骨髓增生异常综合征,骨髓增殖性疾病,鼻咽癌,神经母细胞瘤,口腔癌,口咽癌,骨肉瘤,卵巢癌(上皮细胞,生殖细胞瘤,低度恶性潜能肿瘤),胰腺癌(外分泌,胰岛细胞癌),鼻窦和鼻腔癌,甲状旁腺癌,阴茎癌,嗜铬细胞瘤癌,垂体肿瘤,浆细胞肿瘤,前列腺癌横纹肌肉瘤,直肠癌,肾细胞癌(肾癌),肾盂和输尿管(移行细胞),涎腺癌,塞扎综合症,皮肤癌,皮肤癌(皮样T细胞淋巴瘤,卡波西氏肉瘤,黑色素瘤),小肠癌,软组织肉瘤,胃癌,睾丸癌,胸腺瘤(恶性),甲状腺癌,尿道癌,子宫癌(肉瘤),儿童异常肿瘤,阴道癌,外阴癌,肾母细胞瘤。
在另一具体实施例中,本发明中化合物和共轭体可以用作治疗或预防自身免疫疾病的药物组合及治疗方法。自身免疫疾病包括,但不限于,胃酸缺乏自身免疫性慢性活动性肝炎,急性播散性脑脊髓炎,急性出血性脑白质炎,阿狄森氏病,丙种球蛋白血症,斑秃,肌萎缩性侧索硬化症,强直性脊柱炎,抗肾小球基底膜/肾小管基底膜肾炎,抗磷脂综合征,抗合成酶综合征,关节炎,异位性过敏症,过敏性皮炎,自身免疫性再生障碍性贫血,自身免疫性心肌病,自身免疫性溶血性贫血,自身免疫性肝炎,自身免疫性内耳病,自身免疫性淋巴组织增生综合征,自身免疫性周围神经系统疾病,自身免疫性胰腺炎自体免疫多内分泌症I,II,III型,自身免疫性孕酮皮炎,自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜,自身免疫性色素层炎,巴洛病/巴洛同心性硬化,黑奇特综合征,Berger病,Bickerstaff脑干脑炎,Blau综合征,大苞性类天苞疮,巨淋巴结增生,美洲锥虫病,慢性疲劳免疫功能紊乱综合征,慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发神经病,慢性复发性多病灶性骨髓炎,慢性莱姆病,慢性阻塞性肺疾病,变应性肉芽肿性血管炎,瘢痕性类天疱疮,腹部疾病,耳蜗前庭综合征,冷凝集素病,补体C2缺乏症,颅动脉炎,肢端硬皮综合征,克隆氏病(一种特发性炎症性肠病),柯兴氏症,皮肤白细胞碎裂性血管炎,恶性萎缩性丘疹病,痛性肥胖病,疱疹样皮炎,皮肌炎,I型糖尿病,弥漫性皮肤硬皮病,心肌梗塞后综合征,盘状红斑狼疮,湿疹,子宫内膜异位症,幼年特发性关节炎,嗜酸细胞性筋膜炎,嗜酸细胞性筋膜炎,结节性红斑,特发性混合性冷球蛋白血症,埃文斯综合征,渐进性骨化性纤维组织结构不良,纤维肌痛,纤维肌炎,纤维性肺泡炎,胃炎,胃肠类天疱疮,巨细胞动脉炎,肾小球肾炎,肺出血肾炎综合征,格雷夫斯氏病,格林-巴利神经根炎,桥本脑炎,淋巴瘤性甲状腺肿,溶血性贫血,过敏性紫癜多,妊娠期疱疹,化脓性汗腺炎,休斯综合症(抗磷脂抗体综合征),低丙球蛋白血症,特发性炎性脱髓鞘疾病,特发性肺纤维化,特发性血小板减少性紫癜(自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜),IgA肾病(Berger病),包涵体肌炎,发炎性脱髓鞘病变,间质性膀胱炎,肠易激综合征,幼年特发性关节炎,幼儿型类风湿性关节炎,皮肤粘膜淋巴结综合征,兰伯特肌无力综合征,白细胞分裂性血管炎,扁平苔藓,硬化性苔藓,线状IgA病(LAD),肌萎缩性侧索硬化症,狼疮样肝炎,红斑狼疮,马吉德综合征,美尼尔氏综合症,显微镜下多血管炎,米勒·费希尔综合征,混合性结缔组织病,硬斑病,穆哈二氏病,韦尔斯综合征,多发性骨髓瘤,多发性硬化症,重症肌无力,肌炎,发作性睡病,视神经脊髓炎(德维克病),神经性肌强直,眼部瘢痕性类天疱疮,眼阵挛-肌阵挛综合征,奥德氏甲状腺炎,复发性风湿病,熊猫症候群(合并链球菌感染的儿童自体免疫神经精神异常),类肿瘤性小脑变性,阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症,进行性一侧面萎缩,巴-特二氏综合征,睫状体扁平部炎,天疱疮,寻常型天疱疮,恶性贫血,静脉周围炎,POEMS综合征,结节性多动脉炎,风湿性多肌痛,多发性肌炎,原发性胆汁性肝硬化,原发性硬化性胆管炎,进行性炎性神经病变,银屑病,银屑病关节炎,坏疽性脓皮,纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血,罗斯默森氏脑炎,雷诺病,复发性多软骨炎,莱特尔综合征,腿多动综合征,腹膜后纤维化,类风湿关节炎,类风湿发热,结节病,精神分裂症,施密特综合征,施尼茨勒综合征,巩膜炎,硬皮病,干燥综合征,脊椎关节病,粘血综合征,斯蒂尔病,僵人综合征,亚急性细菌性心内膜炎,Susac氏综合征,急性热性嗜中性皮肤病,西德纳姆舞蹈病,交感性眼炎,高安氏动脉炎,颞动脉炎(巨细胞动脉炎),痛性眼肌麻痹综合征,横贯性脊髓炎,溃疡性结肠炎(一种特发性炎症性肠疾病),未分化的结缔组织病,未分化脊柱关节病,血管炎,白癜风,韦格纳氏肉芽肿病,威尔逊氏综合征,威斯科特-奥尔德里奇综合征。
在另一具体实施例中,本发明中用于治疗或预防自身免疫疾病的共轭体上的细胞结合分子包括,但不限于:抗弹性蛋白抗体,Abys抗上皮细胞抗体,抗基底膜IV型胶原蛋白抗体,抗核抗体,抗双链DNA抗体,抗单链DNA抗体,抗心肌磷脂抗体IgM,IgG,抗celiac(anti-celiac antibody)抗体,抗磷脂抗体IgK,IgG,抗核糖蛋白抗体,抗线粒体抗体,甲状腺抗体,微粒体抗体,T-细胞抗体,甲状腺球蛋白抗体,抗硬皮病-70抗体(anti-SCL-70),人抗Jo抗体(anti-jo),抗系统性红斑狼疮患者自身抗体,抗干燥综合症抗体(Anti-La/SSB),抗系统性红斑狼疮抗体,抗壁细胞抗体,抗组蛋白抗体,抗核糖核蛋白抗体(anti-RNP),中性粒细胞胞质抗体(C-ANCA),细胞核周围抗中性粒细胞抗体(P-ANCA),抗着丝粒抗体,抗核纤维蛋白抗体,以及抗肾小球基底膜抗体(GBM)抗体,抗神经节苷脂(Anti-ganglioside)抗体,抗桥粒芯糖蛋白3抗体(anti-Desmogein 3),抗人P62抗体,抗人sp100抗体,抗线粒体M2抗体,类风湿因子抗体,抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗体(anti-MCV),抗拓扑异构酶抗体,抗中性粒细胞胞浆(CANCA)抗体。
在某些优选的实施例中,本发明中用于共轭偶联的细胞结合分子,可以与自身免疫性疾病相关的活化淋巴细胞表达的受体或受体复合物结合。它们包括免疫球蛋白基因超家族成员(如CD2,CD3,CD4,CD8,CD19,CD22,CD79,CD90,CD152/CTLA-4,PD-1,或ICOS),TNF受体超家族成员(如CD27,CD40,CD95/Fas,CD134/OX40,CD137/4-1BB,INF-R1,TNFR-2,RANK,TACI,BCMA,骨保护素,Apo2/TRAIL-R1,TRAIL-R2,TRAIL-R3,TRAIL-R4,APO-3),整联蛋白,细胞因子受体,趋化因子受体,主要组织相容性蛋白,凝集素(C型,S型或I型)或补体调控蛋白。
在另一特定实施例中,对病毒性或细菌性抗原具有免疫特异性的细胞结合分子是人源化的或人源单克隆抗体。本发明所用术语“病毒性抗原”包括,但不限于:任何能诱发免疫反应的病毒肽段,多肽蛋白(例如HIVgp120,HIV nef,RSV F糖蛋白,流感病毒神经氨酸酶,流感病毒血凝素,人类T淋巴细胞病毒感染调节因子tax,单疱疹病毒糖蛋白(例如,gB,gC,gD和gE)和乙型肝炎表面抗原)。本发明所用的术语“细菌性抗原”包括,但不限于:任何能诱发免疫反应的微生物肽段,多肽蛋白,糖类,多糖,脂质分子(例如,细菌,真菌,致病性原生动物,酵母多肽,例如脂多糖和荚膜多糖5/8)。可用于治疗病毒性或细菌性感染的抗体包括,但不限于:帕利珠单抗,一种用于治疗RSV感染的人源的抗呼吸道合胞体病毒单克隆抗体;PRO542,一种用于治疗HIV感染的CD4融合抗体;Ostavir,一种治疗乙肝病毒人源性抗体;PROTVIR,一种用于治疗巨细胞病毒人源化免疫球蛋白亚型I抗体,还有抗脂多糖(anti-LPS)抗体。
本发明中的细胞结合分子-细胞毒性分子共轭体可以用于治疗传染性疾病。这些传染病包括,但不限于:不动杆菌感染,放线菌病,非洲昏睡病(非洲锥虫病),艾滋病(获得性免疫缺陷综合症),阿米巴病,微粒孢子虫病,炭疽,溶血隐秘杆菌感染,阿根廷出血热,蛔虫病,曲霉菌病,星状病毒感染,巴贝虫病,蜡样芽胞杆菌感染,细菌性肺炎,细菌性阴道病,类杆菌感染,小袋虫病,贝利蛔线虫感染,BK病毒感染,黑色发结节病,人芽囊原虫感染,芽生菌,玻利维亚出血热,疏螺旋体感染,肉毒中毒(和婴儿肉毒中毒),巴西出血热,布氏杆菌病,伯霍尔德杆菌感染,布鲁里溃疡,感染杯状病毒(诺罗病毒和札幌病毒),弯曲菌病,念珠菌感染(念珠菌病、鹅口疮),猫抓病,蜂窝组织炎,查格斯病(美洲锥虫病),软下疳,水痘,衣原体,肺炎衣原体感染,霍乱,着色真菌病,肝吸虫病,难辨梭状芽孢杆菌感染,球孢子菌病,科罗拉多蜱热,普通感冒(急性病毒鼻咽炎、急性鼻炎),克雅氏病,克里米亚-刚果出血热,隐球菌病,隐孢子虫病,皮肤幼虫移行症,环孢子虫感染,囊虫病,巨细胞病毒感染,登革热,双核阿米巴病,白喉,裂头绦虫,龙线虫病,埃博拉出血热,包虫病,埃里希体病,蛲虫病(蛲虫感染),肠球菌感染,肠病毒感染,流行性斑疹伤寒,传染性红斑(第五病),幼儿急疹,姜片虫病,家族致命性失眠症,丝虫病,产气荚膜梭菌引起的食物中毒,非寄生阿米巴感染,梭杆菌感染,气性坏疽(梭菌性肌坏死),地丝菌病,吉斯特曼-施特劳斯综合征,贾第虫病,马鼻疽,腭口线虫病,淋病,腹股沟肉芽肿,A组链球菌感染,B组链球菌感染,流感嗜血杆菌感染,手足口病(HFMD),汉坦病毒肺综合征,幽门螺杆菌感染,溶血性尿毒综合征,出血热肾病综合征,甲型肝炎,乙型肝炎,丙型肝炎,丁型肝炎,戊型肝炎,单纯疱疹,组织胞浆菌病,钩虫感染,人鲍坎病毒感染,人埃文氏埃立克体病,人粒细胞无形体病,人类偏肺病毒感染,人体单核细胞埃立克体病,人乳头状瘤病毒感染,人副流感病毒感染,膜壳绦虫病,爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒传染性单核细胞增多症(单一),流感,等孢子球虫病,川崎病,角膜炎,金氏金氏杆菌感染,库鲁病,拉沙热,军团杆菌病(退伍军人协会会员病),军团杆菌病(庞蒂亚克热),利什曼病,麻风病,钩端螺旋体病,李氏杆菌病,莱姆病(莱姆疏螺旋体病),淋巴丝虫病(象皮肿),淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎,疟疾,马尔堡出血热,麻疹,类鼻疽(惠特莫尔氏病),脑膜炎,脑膜炎球菌病,后殖吸虫病,微孢子虫病,传染性软疣,流行性腮腺炎,斑疹伤寒(地方性斑疹伤寒),支原体肺炎,足菌肿,蝇蛆病,新生儿结膜炎(新生儿眼炎),克—亚综合征(vCJD,nvCJD),诺卡氏菌病,盘尾丝虫病(河盲症),副球孢子菌病(南美芽生菌病),肺吸虫病,巴氏杆菌病,头虱病(头虱),体虱病(体虱),阴虱病(阴虱),盆腔炎,百日咳,鼠疫,肺炎球菌感染,肺孢子虫性肺炎,肺炎,脊髓灰质炎,普氏菌感染,原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎,进行性多病灶脑白质病,鹦鹉热,Q热,狂犬病,鼠咬热,呼吸道合胞病毒感染,鼻孢子菌病,鼻病毒感染,立克次体感染,立克次氏体,裂谷热,洛矶山斑疹热,轮状病毒感染,风疹,沙门氏菌病,SARS(严重急性呼吸系统综合症),疥疮,血吸虫病,败血症,痢疾(菌痢),带状疱疹(带状疱疹),天花(天花),孢子丝菌病,葡萄球菌食物中毒,葡萄球菌感染,线虫,梅毒,绦虫病,破伤风(牙关紧闭症),须癣,头癣,体癣,股癣,手癣,黑糠疹,足癣,甲癣,花斑癣,弓蛔虫病(眼幼虫移行症),弓蛔虫病(内脏幼虫移行症),弓形体病,旋毛虫病,滴虫病,鞭虫病(鞭虫感染),肺结核,兔热病,尿素分解尿素支原体感染,委内瑞拉马脑炎,委内瑞拉出血热,病毒性肺炎,西尼罗热,白色毛结节菌病(白色毛结节菌病),假结核菌感染,耶尔森菌病,黄热病,接合菌病。
本发明中所描述的细胞结合分子,优选为抗体,可用来对抗致病菌,包括,但不限于:鲍曼不动杆菌,以色列放线菌,戈氏放线菌和丙酸丙酸盐杆菌,布氏锥虫,HIV(人类免疫缺陷病毒),溶组织内阿米巴,无形体属,炭疽杆菌,溶血隐秘杆菌,胡宁病毒,蛔虫,曲霉属,星状病毒家庭,巴贝斯虫属,蜡样芽胞杆菌,多杆菌,类杆菌属,结肠小袋纤毛虫,贝利蛔线虫属,BK病毒,何德毛结节菌,人芽囊原虫,皮炎芽生菌,沙粒病毒,疏螺旋体属,肉毒梭菌,清风藤,布鲁菌属,通常洋葱伯克霍尔德菌和其他伯克霍尔德杆菌种,溃疡分枝杆菌,杯状病毒科家族,弯曲杆菌属,通常是白色念珠菌和其他念珠菌属,巴尔通体,A组链球菌和葡萄球菌,克氏锥虫,杜克雷嗜血杆菌,水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV),沙眼衣原体,肺炎衣原体,霍乱弧菌,裴氏着色霉,华支睾吸虫,难辨梭状芽孢杆菌,粗球孢子菌和Coccidioidesposadasii,科罗拉多蜱热病毒,鼻病毒,冠状病毒,朊病毒克雅氏病,克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒,新型隐球菌,隐孢子虫属,猫钩虫,multipleparasites,环孢子,猪带绦虫,巨细胞病毒,登革热病毒(DEN-1,DEN-2,DEN-3和DEN-4)虫媒病毒,脆弱双核阿米巴,白喉棒状杆菌,裂头属,麦地那龙线虫,埃博拉病毒,棘球属,埃立克体属,蛲虫,肠球菌属,肠道病毒属,普氏立克次体,细小病毒B19,人类疱疹病毒6型和人类疱疹病毒7型,布氏姜片吸虫,肝片吸虫和大片吸虫,FFI朊病毒,丝虫目超家族,产气荚膜杆菌,梭杆菌属,产气荚膜梭菌,其他梭菌属,白地霉,GSS朊病毒,肠贾第鞭毛虫,鼻疽伯克霍尔德氏菌,棘颚口线虫和刚棘颚口虫,淋病奈瑟菌,肉芽肿杆菌,化脓性链球菌,无乳链球菌,流感嗜血杆菌,肠道病毒,大多数柯萨奇A病毒和肠病毒71型,辛诺瓦病毒,幽门螺旋杆菌,大肠杆菌O157:H7,布尼亚病毒科家族,甲型肝炎病毒,乙型肝炎病毒,丙型肝炎病毒,丁型肝炎病毒,戊型肝炎病毒,单纯疱疹病毒1型,单纯疱疹病毒2型,组织胞浆菌,十二指肠钩虫和美洲板口线虫,流感嗜血杆菌,人类博卡病毒,埃文氏埃立克体,无形体科,人类偏肺病毒,沙费埃里希体,人乳头瘤病毒,人副流感病毒,微小膜壳绦虫和缩小包膜绦虫,EB病毒,正粘病毒科,贝利等孢球虫,金氏金氏杆菌,肺炎克雷伯菌,Klebsiella ozaenas,库鲁病朊病毒,拉沙病毒,嗜肺军团菌,嗜肺军团菌,利什曼原虫属,麻风分枝杆菌和弥漫型痳疯分枝杆菌,钩端螺旋体属,李斯特菌,博氏包柔螺旋体和其他疏螺旋体属,班氏丝虫和马来丝虫,淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒(LCMV),疟原虫属,马尔堡病毒,麻疹病毒,类鼻疽伯克氏菌,脑膜炎奈瑟菌,横川后殖吸虫,微孢子虫门,传染性软疣病毒(MCV),腮腺炎病毒,立克次体杆菌,肺炎支原体,多种细菌(马杜拉分枝菌病)和真菌(马杜拉分枝菌病),寄生双翅目蝇蛆,沙眼衣原体和淋球菌,vCJD朊病毒,星状诺卡氏菌和其他诺卡氏菌属物种,旋盘尾丝虫,巴西芽生菌,卫氏并殖吸虫和其他并殖吸虫属,巴斯德氏菌属,虱头癣,体虱,阴虱,百日咳博德特氏菌,鼠疫耶尔森氏菌,肺炎链球菌,卡氏肺囊虫,脊髓灰质炎病毒,普雷沃氏菌属,福氏耐格里阿米巴,JC病毒,鹦鹉热衣原体,立克次体,狂犬病毒,念珠状链杆菌和鼠咬热螺旋体,呼吸道合胞病毒,西伯鼻孢子虫,鼻病毒,立克次体属,螨立克次体,立夫特山谷热病毒,立氏立克次体,轮状病毒,风疹病毒,沙门氏菌属,非典型肺炎冠状病毒,疥螨,血吸虫属,志贺氏菌属,水痘带状疱疹病毒,重型天花或类天花,申克孢子丝菌,葡萄球菌属,金黄色葡萄球菌,化脓性链球菌,粪类圆线虫,梅毒螺旋体,绦虫属,破伤风梭菌,毛癣菌属,断发毛癣菌,发癣菌属,絮状表皮癣菌,红色毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌,威尼克外瓶霉,毛癣菌属,马拉色菌属,犬弓首蛔虫或猫弓蛔虫,弓形虫,旋毛虫,阴道毛滴虫,鞭虫,结核杆菌,土拉热弗朗西丝菌,解脲支原体,委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒,霍乱弧菌,瓜纳瑞托病毒,西尼罗病毒,白色毛孢子菌,假结核耶尔森菌,小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,黄热病毒,毛霉目(毛霉菌病)和虫霉目(虫霉菌病),铜绿假单胞菌,胎儿弯曲杆菌(弧菌),嗜水气单胞菌,迟缓爱德华氏菌,耶尔森菌,志贺痢疾杆菌,福氏痢疾杆菌,宋内志贺氏菌,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,雅司螺旋体,Treponemacarateneum,奋森疏螺旋体,博氏包柔螺旋体,出血性黄疸钩端螺旋体,卡氏肺囊虫,布鲁氏菌,猪布鲁氏菌,布氏杆菌,支原体属,斑疹伤寒病原体,Rickettsiatsutsugumushi,披衣菌属,病原真菌(曲霉,白色念珠菌,荚膜组织胞浆菌),原生动物(溶组织内阿米巴,阴道毛滴虫,人毛滴虫,Tryoanosomagambiense,罗得西亚锥虫,杜氏利什曼原虫,热带利什曼原虫,巴西利什曼原虫,肺囊虫肺炎,间日疟原虫,恶性疟原虫,恶性疟疾)或蠕虫(日本血吸虫,曼氏血吸虫,埃及血吸虫和钩虫)。
本发明中用作细胞结合分子的其他抗体可用于治疗多种病毒性疾病,包括但不限于以下病毒的抗原的抗体:天花病毒,疱疹病毒,腺病毒,乳多空病毒科,肠道病毒科,细小RNA病毒科,细小病毒科,呼肠孤病毒,逆转录病毒科,流感病毒,副流感病毒,腮腺炎,麻疹,呼吸道合胞病毒,风疹,虫媒病毒,弹状病毒,沙粒病毒科,Non-A/Non-B肝炎病毒,鼻病毒,冠状病毒,轮状病毒科,肿瘤病毒[例如,乙型肝炎病毒(肝细胞癌),人乳头状瘤病毒(宫颈癌,肛门癌),卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(卡波济氏肉瘤),EB病毒(鼻咽癌,伯基特淋巴瘤,原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤),MCPyV(梅克尔细胞癌),SV40(猿猴病毒40),丙型肝炎病毒(肝癌),人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒1型(成人T细胞白血病/淋巴瘤)],免疫失调引起病毒,如人类免疫缺陷病毒(艾滋病),中枢神经系统病毒[如,JCV(进行性多病灶脑白质病),MeV(亚急性硬化性全脑炎),LCV(淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎),虫媒病毒性脑炎,正粘病毒科(可能的)(昏睡性脑炎),RV(狂犬病),水疱性口炎-印度病毒属,疹病毒性脑膜炎,拉姆齐·亨特综合征II型,脊髓灰质炎(小儿麻痹症,后小儿麻痹症候群),人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒1型(热带痉挛性截瘫)],巨细胞病毒[细胞病毒性视网膜炎,HSV(疱疹性角膜炎)],心血管病病毒[如柯萨奇病毒(心包炎,心肌炎)],呼吸系统/急性鼻咽炎病毒/病毒性肺炎[非洲淋巴细胞瘤病毒(疱疹病毒4型感染/传染性单核细胞增多),巨细胞病毒,SARS冠状病毒(严重急性呼吸器官综合征)正粘病毒,流感病毒A/B/C(流感/禽流感),副粘病毒,人类副流感病毒(副流感),呼吸道合胞病毒(人类呼吸道合胞病毒),肺病毒],消化系统病毒[MUV(腮腺炎),巨细胞病毒(巨细胞病毒性食管炎),腺病毒(腺病毒感染),轮状病毒,诺如病毒,星状病毒,冠状病毒,HBV(乙肝病毒),柯萨奇病毒,甲型肝炎(甲肝病毒),HCV(丙型肝炎病毒),HDV(丁型肝炎病毒),HEV(戊型肝炎病毒),HGV(庚型肝炎病毒)],泌尿生殖系统的病毒[如BK病毒,MUV(腮腺炎)]。
根据进一步的实施例,本发明还包括用于治疗癌症和自身免疫疾病的药物组合物,由本发明中的共轭体与适当的药用载体所构成。癌症、自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病或病毒疾病的治疗可以在体外、活体外和活体内实验。体外应用的例子包括,杀死除不表达靶抗原以外的所有细胞;或杀死表达无关抗原的变体。临床离体处理的应用包括,在对同一患者进行造血干细胞移植治疗前,对造血干细胞进行处理以杀死病变或恶性的细胞。例如,在临床离体治疗中,在癌症治疗或治疗自身免疫疾病的自体移植前,先将肿瘤细胞或淋巴样细胞,或T细胞和其他淋巴样细胞,从骨髓淋巴样细胞中或组织中去除,以防止移植物抗宿主病。具体操作如下:将从患者或其他个体收获的骨髓加入含血清培养基,并向其中添加本发明的共轭体,浓度范围约1pM至0.1mM,37℃孵育30分钟至48小时。确切的浓度,孵育的时间,剂量由临床医生决定。温育后的骨髓细胞用含有血清的培养基洗涤后通过已知的方法重新注入患者体内。若在骨髓收获和重新注入体内期间,病人还在接受其它治疗如化疗或全身放疗,处理过的骨髓可以用标准医学设备冷冻储存于液氮中。
在临床体内应用中,可以把本发明的细胞结合分子-毒性分子共轭体制成溶液或冻干粉,后者可以在无菌水中溶解后用于注射。共轭体的给药方案示例如下:共轭体每周静脉注射给药,连续8周。推注剂量溶于50至500毫升生理盐水中,可向其加入一定的人血清白蛋白(如0.5至1毫升的人血清白蛋白浓缩液,100毫克/毫升)。每周剂量按每千克体重约50微克至20毫克,静脉注射给药(每次注射剂量在10微克至200毫克每千克体重)。治疗8周后,患者可进行第二个疗程。关于给药途径,赋形剂,稀释剂,剂量和时间等具体临床方案,可以由临床医生决定。
可以应用体内或体外杀死被选的细胞群体的方法来治疗的疾病包括各种类型的恶性肿瘤,自体免疫疾病,移植排斥,以及感染(如病毒,细菌或寄生虫感染)。
为取得理想的疗效,共轭体的用量取决于多种因素,包括其化学特性,效力,生物利用度,疾病类型,患者人种,患者的患病状态和给药途径。所有的要素都将影响药物所需的剂量,输送和给药方案。
一般而言,本发明中的细胞结合分子-细胞毒性分子共轭体以0.1至10%w/v浓度溶于生理缓冲液中后,用于非肠道的给药。典型的剂量范围是按照体重1μg/kg至0.1g/kg每天给药;优选的剂量范围为0.01毫克/公斤至20毫克/公斤体重每天或等效剂量在儿童身上。药物的优选给药剂量取决于一些变量,如疾病或病症的类型和进展程度,特定患者的总体健康状况,被选化合物的相对生物学效力,给药途径(静脉内,肌肉内或其他),选定给药途径上化合物的药物动力学性质,给药速度(推注或连续输注)和给药计划(在给定时间内的重复次数)。
本发明中的细胞结合分子-细胞毒性分子共轭体可以以单位剂量形式给药,其中术语“单位剂量”是指操作方便,易于包装,含有理化性质稳定的活性共轭体本身或者其药学上可接受的组合物的,单次给药剂量。一般地,每日总剂量范围为0.01至100毫克/公斤体重,一般指导原则是,给于人的单位剂量范围是1至3000毫克每天。优选的单位剂量范围为从1至500毫克1-4次/天,更优的单位剂量是10至500毫克,7天一次给药。本发明中偶联药物可通过与一种或多种可被药学接受的辅料混合形成组合物。那么,单位剂量组合药物可以制成片剂,简易胶囊或者软凝胶胶囊的形式用于口服药,以散剂,滴鼻剂或气雾剂形式用于鼻腔给药,或以软膏剂,乳霜,乳液,凝胶或喷雾剂,或通过透皮贴剂局部皮肤给药。组合物可方便地以单位剂量形式给药,可以通过任何制药领域熟知的方法制备,如在Remington,The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,21th Ed.,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins,Philadelphia,PA,2005中所述。优选的制剂包括以本发明的化合物配制成用于口服或肠胃外给药的药物组合物。对于口服给药,片剂,丸剂,粉剂,胶囊,锭剂等可以含有一种或多种的任何以下成分,或类似性质的化合物:粘合剂如微晶纤维素,或黄蓍胶,稀释剂如淀粉或乳糖,崩解剂如淀粉和纤维素衍生物,润滑剂如硬脂酸镁,助流剂如胶体二氧化硅,甜味剂如蔗糖或糖精,或调味剂如薄荷或水杨酸甲酯。胶囊可以是硬胶囊或软胶囊,其通常由明胶混合物,可选地混有增塑剂,以及淀粉胶囊制成。此外,单位剂量的构成可包含各种改变其物理形式的其他材料,如糖,虫胶或肠溶剂的包衣。其他口服剂型糖浆或酏剂可以包含甜味剂,防腐剂,染料,着色剂和调味剂。此外,活性化合物可制成快速溶解,改良释放或持续释放的制剂和配方,其中可持续释放为优选模式。优选的片剂含有乳糖,玉米淀粉,硅酸镁,交联羧甲基钠,聚维酮,硬脂酸镁或滑石及其任意组合。用于肠胃外给药的液体制剂包括无菌水性或非水性溶液、悬浮液和乳液。液体制剂还可以包括粘合剂,缓冲剂,防腐剂,螯合剂,甜味剂,调味剂和着色剂,以及类似物。非水性溶剂包括醇,丙二醇,聚乙二醇,植物油如橄榄油,和有机酯如油酸乙酯。水性载体包括醇和水的混合物,缓冲介质和盐水。特别是与生物兼容,可生物降解的交酯聚合物,丙交酯/乙共聚物,或聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物可以用作赋形剂以控制活性化合物的释放。静脉内载体包括液体和营养补充剂,电解质补充剂,如那些基于林格氏右旋糖和类似的物质。其它潜在有用的肠胃外活性化合物运送系统包括乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物颗粒,渗透泵,可植入输注系统和脂质体。
给药的其他方式包括吸入的方式,适用的制剂如干粉,气雾剂或滴剂。它们可以是含聚氧乙烯-9-月桂基醚,甘胆酸盐和脱氧胆酸盐的水溶液,或以鼻滴剂形式的油性溶液,或鼻内施用的凝胶。口腔内给药的制剂包括锭剂或软锭剂,并且还可包括调味基质如蔗糖或阿拉伯胶,和其它赋形剂如甘胆酸盐。适于直肠给药的制剂,优选制成单位剂量的栓剂,包含固体基载体,如可可脂,也可以包含水杨酸盐。局部应用到皮肤上的制剂优选软膏,乳膏,乳液,糊剂,凝胶,喷雾剂,气雾剂或油的形式。可使用的载体包括凡士林,羊毛脂,聚乙二醇,醇或它们的组合。适于透皮给药的制剂可以为离散的贴剂,溶解和/或分散在高分子或粘合剂中亲脂性乳剂或缓冲水溶液。
在一个具体实施例中,本发明的细胞结合分子-细胞毒性分子共轭体与已知或将被公开的治疗药物/方法,如化疗药物,放射治疗,免疫治疗药物,自身免疫性疾病的药物,抗感染药物或其他抗体-小分子共轭体,联合施用,产生协同效应。在另一个具体实施例中,协同药物或放疗在本专利共轭体给药之前或之后的至少一个小时、12小时、一天、一周、一个月期间给药,或者几个月之前或之后给药。
在另外的具体实施例中,协同药物包括,但不限于:
1)化疗药物:a)烷化剂,如氮芥(苯丁酸氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、氮芥、美法仑,三芥环磷酰胺),亚硝基脲(卡莫司汀,环己亚硝脲),烷基磺酸盐(白消安,苏消安),三氮烯绍(达卡巴嗪),含铂化合物(卡铂、顺铂、奥沙利铂);b)植物生物碱,如长春花生物碱(长春新碱、长春花碱、长春地辛,长春瑞滨),紫杉烷类(紫杉醇,多西他赛);c)DNA拓扑异构酶抑制剂,如表鬼臼毒素(9-氨基喜树碱、喜树碱、克雷斯妥、依托泊苷、依托泊苷磷酸盐、伊立替康、替尼泊苷,托泊替康),丝裂霉素(丝裂霉素C);d)抗代谢物,如抗叶酸:DHFR抑制剂(甲氨蝶呤,曲美沙特),IMP脱氢酶抑制剂(霉酚酸,噻唑呋林,利巴韦林,EICAR);核苷酸还原酶抑制剂(羟基脲,去铁胺);嘧啶类似物:尿嘧啶类似物(5-氟尿嘧啶,多西氟尿啶,氟尿苷,雷替曲塞);胞嘧啶类似物(阿糖胞苷,阿糖胞苷,氟达拉滨);嘌呤类似物(硫唑嘌呤、巯嘌呤、硫鸟嘌呤);e)激素疗法,如受体拮抗剂:抗雌激素(雷洛昔芬,甲地孕酮,三苯氧胺),LHRH激动剂(戈舍瑞林,醋酸亮丙瑞林),抗雄激素(比卡鲁胺,氟他米特);类维生素A/三角肌:维生素D3类似物(CB1093、EB1089、KH1060、维生素D3、维生素D2);光动力疗法(维替泊芬、酞菁、光敏剂Pc4、去甲基竹红菌素A);细胞因子(α干扰素,移行,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF),包含TNF域人体蛋白质);f)激酶抑制剂,如BIBW2992(抗EGFR/Erb2),伊马替尼,吉非替尼,派加他尼钠,索拉非尼,达沙替尼,舒尼替尼,埃罗替尼,尼洛替尼,拉帕替尼,阿西替尼,帕唑替尼,凡德替尼,E7080(抗VEGFR2),木利替尼,潘诺替尼(AP24534),巴氟替尼(INNO-406),伯舒替尼(SKI-606),卡博替尼,维莫德吉,BSI-201,可替尼,CYT387,阿西替尼,AV-951,索拉非尼,贝伐单抗,西妥昔单抗,赫赛汀,雷珠单抗,帕尼单抗,伊斯平斯;g)其他,如吉西他滨,环氧甲酮四肽蛋白酶体抑制剂(如:卡非佐米),硼替佐米,萨力度胺,来那度胺,泊马度胺,托舍多特,CA4P,PLX4032,STA-9090,BLP-25,爱罗文琦,狄诺塞麦,普罗文琦,易普利姆玛,异戊二烯化抑制剂(如洛伐他汀),多巴胺能神经毒素(如1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子),细胞周期抑制剂(如星孢菌素),放线菌素(如放线菌素D,放线菌素D),博来霉素(如博来霉素A2,博来霉素B2,派来霉素),蒽环霉素(如道诺霉素,阿霉素(阿霉素),柔红霉素,表阿霉素,吡柔比星,佐柔比星,米托蒽醌,MDR抑制剂(如维拉帕米),Ca2+ATP酶抑制剂(如毒胡萝卜素),维莫德吉,组蛋白去乙酰酶抑制剂(伏立诺他,罗咪酯肽,帕比司他,丙戊酸,MGCD0103,贝利司他,PCI-24781,恩提诺特,SB939,雷米司他,ITF2357,AR-42,CUDC-101,萝卜硫素,曲古抑菌素A),毒胡萝卜素,塞来昔布,类儿茶素戒酒硫,NPI-0052。已知的和将被披露的,可以和本发明中化合物和共轭体联合治疗(协同效应)的,更详细的抗癌药物清单可见于以下网站:美国国家癌症研究所(www.cancer.gov;www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/alphalist),美国癌症学会(www.cancer.org/treatment/index)和英国癌症研究中心(www.cancerrearchuk.org,www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/treatment/cancer-drugs/)。
2)抗自身免疫疾病试剂包括,但不限于:环孢霉素,环孢霉素A,氨基己酸,硫唑嘌呤,溴麦角环肽,苯丁酸氮芥,氯喹,环磷酰胺,糖皮质激素(如安西奈德,倍他米松,布地奈德,氢化可的松,氟尼缩松,丙酸,氟可龙达那唑,地塞米松,去炎松缩丙酮,倍氯米松二丙酸酯),脱氢表雄酮,依那西普,羟氯喹,英夫利昔单抗,美洛昔康,甲氨蝶呤,吗替麦考酚酯,强的松,西罗莫司和他克莫司。
3)抗传染疾病试剂包括,但不限于:a)氨基糖甙类:阿米卡星,阿司米星,庆大霉素(奈替米星,西索米星,异帕米星),潮霉素B,卡那霉素(阿米卡星,阿贝卡星,卡那霉素,地贝卡星,妥布霉素),新霉素(新霉素B,巴龙霉素,核糖霉素),奈替霉素,壮观霉素,链霉素,妥布霉素,威达米星;b)酰胺醇类:叠氮氯霉素,氯霉素,氟甲砜霉素,甲砜霉素;c)安莎霉素类:格尔德霉素,除锈霉素;d)碳青霉素类:比阿培南,多利培南,厄他培南,亚胺培南/西司他丁,美罗培南,帕尼培南;e)头孢类:碳头孢烯(氯碳头孢),头孢乙腈,氯氨苄青霉素,头孢拉定,头孢羟氨苄,头孢洛宁,头孢噻啶,头孢噻吩或头孢噻吩,头孢氨苄,头孢来星,头孢羟唑,头孢匹林,头孢曲嗪,头孢氮氟,头孢西酮,头孢唑啉,头孢拉宗,头孢卡品,头孢达肟,头孢吡肟,头孢米诺,头孢西丁,头孢丙烯,头孢沙定,头孢替唑,头孢呋辛,头孢克肟,头孢地尼,头孢托仑,头孢吡肟,头孢他美,头孢甲肟,头孢地嗪,头孢哌酮,头孢尼西,头孢雷特,头孢噻肟,头孢替安,头孢唑兰,头孢氨苄,头孢咪唑,头孢匹胺,头孢匹罗,头孢泊肟,头孢罗齐,头孢喹肟,头孢磺啶,头孢他啶,头孢特仑,头孢布烯,头孢噻林,头孢唑肟,头孢托罗,头孢曲松钠,头孢呋辛,头孢唑南,头孢菌素(头孢西丁,头孢替坦,头孢美唑,氧头孢烯类(氟氧头孢,拉氧头孢);f)糖肤:博来霉素,万古霉素(奥利万星,特拉万星),替考拉宁(达巴万星),雷莫拉宁;g)甘胺环素类,如替加环素;h)β-内酰胺酶抑制剂:青霉烷(舒巴坦,他唑巴坦),克拉维(克拉维酸);i)林克酰胺类抗生素:克林霉素,林可霉素;j)酯肽类:达托霉素,A54145,钙依赖性抗生素(CDA);k)大环内酯类:阿奇霉素,喹红霉素,克拉霉素,地红霉素,红霉素,氟红霉素,交沙霉素,内酯类(泰利霉素,喹红霉素),麦迪霉素,美地霉素,竹桃霉素,利福霉素(利福平,利福平,利福布汀,利福喷汀),罗他霉素,罗壮观霉素,螺旋霉素,他克莫司(FK506),醋竹桃霉素,泰利霉素;l)单环β-内酰胺类:氨曲南,替吉莫南;m)恶唑烷酮类:利奈唑胺;n)青霉素类:阿莫西林,氨苄西林(海他西林,匹氨西林,西林,美坦西林,酞氨青霉素),叠氮西林,阿洛西林,青霉素,苄星青霉素,苄星青霉素,双氯甲氧青霉素,普鲁卡因青霉素,羧苄青霉素(卡茚西林),氯唑西林,双氯西林,依匹西林,氟氯西林,替卡西林(匹美西林),美洛西林,甲氧西林,萘夫西林,苯唑西林,佩纳西林,青霉素,非奈西林,青霉素,哌拉西林,苯丙青霉素,磺苄西林,替莫西林,替卡西林;o)多肽:杆菌肽,多粘菌素,多粘菌素B;p)喹诺酮类药物:氟沙星,巴洛沙星,环丙沙星,依诺沙星,单诺沙星,二氟沙星,恩诺沙星,加替沙星,氧氟沙星,加雷沙星,曲伐沙星格帕沙星,吉米沙星,左氧氟沙星,洛美沙星,卡诺,麻保沙星,莫西沙星,那氟沙星,诺氟沙星,氧氟沙星,奥比沙星,培氟沙星,曲伐沙星,司帕沙星,格帕沙星,莫西沙星,替马沙星,托氟沙星,曲伐沙星;q)甲氧西林:普那霉素,奎奴普叮;r)磺胺类:磺胺米隆,磺胺醋酰,磺胺甲唑,氨苯磺酰胺,柳氮磺胺吡啶,磺胺异恶唑,甲氧苄氨嘧啶,磺胺甲恶唑(复方新诺明);s)类固醇药物:如夫西地酸;t)四环素类:盐酸多西环素,金霉素,氯羟四环素,去甲金霉素,赖甲四环素,氯甲烯土霉素,四环素,土霉素,美他环素,素,青哌四环素,四环素,甘氨酰(如替加环素);u)其他类型的抗生素:砷凡纳明,细菌萜醇抑制剂(杆菌),达达勒/AR抑制剂(丝氨酸),迪克司坦,圆皮海绵内酯,艾榴塞洛素,埃博霉素,乙胺丁醇,依托泊苷,法罗培南,夫西地酸,呋喃唑酮,异烟肼,雷利米德,甲硝唑,莫匹罗星,mycolactone,NAM合成抑制剂(如磷霉素),呋喃妥因,紫杉醇,平板霉素,吡嗪酰胺,奎奴普叮/他唑巴坦,利福平(利福平),替硝唑,蕃荔雷素。
4)抗病毒药物:a)进入/融合抑制剂:安普拉维诺,马拉维诺,维克维诺,GP41(恩夫韦地),PRO140,CD4(ibalizumab);b)整合酶抑制剂:雷特格韦,埃替格韦,金泊定喃;c)成熟抑制剂:贝韦立马,韦韦可;d)神经氨酸酶抑制剂:奥司他韦,扎那米韦,帕拉米韦;e)核苷及核苷酸:阿巴卡韦,阿德福韦酯,阿昔洛韦,氨多索韦,安普瑞西他滨,溴夫定,西多福韦,克来夫定,右艾夫他滨,去羟肌苷(DDI),艾夫他滨,恩曲他滨(FTC),恩替卡韦,泛昔洛韦,氟尿嘧啶(5-FU),3’-氟取代的2’,3’-脱氧核苷类似物(如3’-氟-2’,3’-双脱氧胸苷(FLT)和3’-氟-2’,3’-双脱氧鸟苷(FLG)),福米韦生,更昔洛韦,碘苷,拉米夫定(3TC),L-核苷类化合物(如β-l-胸苷和β-2’-脱氧胞苷),喷昔洛韦,来昔韦林,利巴韦林,司他吡啶,司他夫定(d4T),ta塔利韦林,替比夫定,替诺福韦,脱氧尿苷伐昔洛韦,缬更昔洛韦,扎西他滨(DDC),齐多夫定(AZT);f)非核苷类药物:金刚烷胺,安特韦林,卡普韦林,二芳基嘧啶类(依曲韦林,利匹韦林),地拉韦啶,二十二醇,乙米韦林,依法韦仑,膦甲酸钠(膦酸),咪喹莫特,干扰素,洛韦胺,洛德腺苷,美替沙腙,奈韦拉平,NOV-205,聚乙二醇干扰素α,鬼臼毒素,利福平,乙胺,瑞喹莫德(R-848),曲金刚胺;g)蛋白酶抑制剂:安普那韦,阿扎那韦,波普瑞韦,地瑞那韦,福沙那韦,茚地那韦,洛匹那韦,奈非那韦,利托那韦,普可那利,沙奎那韦,特拉匹韦(VX-950),替拉那韦;h)其他类型的抗病毒药物:抗体酶,盐酸阿比朵尔,卡拉诺利德A,蓝藻抗病毒蛋白-N,二芳基嘧啶类,儿茶素(EGCG),膦甲酸钠,格瑞弗森,塔利韦林,羟基脲,KP-1461,米替福新,普可那利,合成抑制剂,利巴韦林,CYC-202。
5)其他免疫治疗药物:如咪喹莫特,干扰素(如α,β),粒细胞集落刺激因子,细胞因子,白细胞介素(IL1~IL35),抗体(如曲妥珠单抗,帕妥珠单抗,贝伐单抗,西妥昔单抗,帕尼单抗,英夫利昔单抗,阿达木单抗,巴利昔单抗,赛尼哌,奥马珠抗体),与蛋白结合的药物(例如蛋白结合的紫杉醇),结合下列药物的抗体共轭体:卡奇霉素衍生物,美登素衍生物(DM1和DM4),CC-1065和倍癌霉素等小沟结合剂,强效的紫杉醇衍生物,阿霉素,奥瑞斯塔汀和抗有丝分裂的药物(例如曲妥单抗-DM1,Inotuzumab ozogamicin,Brentuximabvedotin,Glembatumumab vedotin,Lorvotuzumab mertansin,AN-152LMB2,TP-38,VB4-845,莫坎妥珠单抗-mertansine,AVE9633,SAR3419,CAT-8015(抗CD22),IMGN388,milatuzumab-阿霉素,SGN-75(CD70受体),抗CD22-MCC-DM1,IMGN853,抗CD22-MMAE,抗CD22-MMAF,抗CD22卡奇霉素)。
下面的实例进一步显示本发明,但不应被认为其表述拘限本发明的范围。
实例1.三(2-(苯氧基)乙基)氧化磷(2)。
在氩气保护下,将镁屑(1.50克,61.70毫摩尔)加入THF(80毫升)中搅拌,滴加((2-溴乙氧基)甲基)苯(13.10克,61.21毫摩尔),滴加持续2h,加毕,搅拌3h。将反应液冷却至-78℃,向其中加入三氯氧磷(1.90毫升,20.40毫摩尔)。反应液在此温度下搅拌4h后,用0.1MNaHCO3水溶液(80毫升)淬灭,加入饱和NaCl溶液(100毫升)和EtOAc(50毫升),分层,水层用EtOAc(2×50毫升)萃取。将有机层合并,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯/正己烷1:10-1:6),得目标化合物6.11g(产率66.2%)。ESI MS m/z+475.2(M+Na)。
实例2.三(2-羟乙基)氧化磷(3)。
将三(2-(苯氧基)乙基)氧化磷(6.03克,13.33毫摩尔)溶于THF(100毫升)中,加入Pd/C(0.31克,10%Pd/C,50wt%水),反应液在充满氢气的圆底烧瓶中剧烈搅拌4h。反应完成后,将反应液过滤,滤液浓缩,得目标产物2.33克(产率96%),所得产物不需要纯化,直接用于下一步反应。ESI MS m/z+205.8(M+Na)。
实例3.S-(2-(双(2-羟乙基)磷酰化)乙基)乙酰硫基(8)。
将PPh3(3.30克,12.59毫摩尔),硫代乙酸(0.726克,10.0毫摩尔)和三(2-羟乙基)氧化磷(2.30克,12.58毫摩尔)加入到THF(70毫升)中,将反应液冷却至0-4℃,于该温度下滴加DIAD(2.5毫升,12.69毫摩尔),滴加持续1h。反应液于0℃搅拌1h,室温搅拌1h,反应完成后,加EtOAc(100毫升)稀释,再倒入到饱和Na2CO3溶液(100毫升)中。分层,水层用EtOAC(2×60毫升)萃取。将有机层合并,MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩,柱层析(MeOH/DCM1:15-1:8),得目标化合物1.75克(产率73%)。ESI MS m/z+263.4(M+Na)。
实例4.S-(2-(双(2-溴乙基)磷酰化)乙基)乙酰硫基(9)。
将S-(2-(双(2-羟乙基)磷酰化)乙基)乙酰硫基(0.9克,3.75毫摩尔)溶于DCM(50毫升),加入PPh3(2.00克,7.63毫摩尔)和CBr4(2.46克,7.50毫摩尔),反应混合液于室温下搅拌6h。反应完成后,过滤,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯/正己烷1:8-1:3),得目标化合物1.21克(产率89%)。ESI MS m/z+571.2(M+Na)。
实例5.S-(2-(双(2-(对甲苯磺酰氧基)乙基)磷酰化)乙基)乙酰硫基(10).
将S-(2-(双(2-溴乙基)磷酰化)乙基)乙酰硫基(0.9克,3.75毫摩尔)和吡啶(20毫升)溶于DCM(30毫升),加入TsCl(2.00克,10.52毫摩尔),反应混合液于室温下搅拌6h。反应完成后,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯/正己烷1:5-1:3),得目标化合物1.77克(产率86%)。ESIMS m/z+386.8(M+Na)。
实例6.双((2-羟乙基)(2-甲基硫代巯基)乙基)氧化磷(12)。
将S-(2-(双(2-(对甲苯磺酰氧基)乙基)磷酰化)乙基)乙酰硫基(1.25克,5.20毫摩尔)溶于CH3OH(40毫升)和H2O(20毫升)中,在4℃下加入NaOH(0.5M,20毫升)。反应混合液在室温下搅拌1h,用HCl(6M)调pH 7.0,再加入MeSSO2Me(1.0克,7.93毫摩尔),室温下搅拌4h。反应完成后,浓缩,柱层析(MeOH/DCM1:15-1:8),得目标化合物1.09克(产率83%)。ESIMS m/z+267.4(M+Na)。
实例7.(((2-甲基硫代巯基)乙基)磷酰基)双(乙烷-2,1二取代基)双(4-甲苯磺酰氧基)(13).
将双((2-羟乙基)(2-甲基硫代巯基)乙基)氧化磷(1.01克,4.13毫摩尔)和吡啶(15毫升)溶于DCM(30毫升),加入TsCl(2.00克,10.52毫摩尔),反应混合液于室温下搅拌6h。反应完成后,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯/正己烷1:5-1:3),得目标化合物1.98克(产率87%)。ESI MS m/z+575.2(M+Na)。
实例8.双(2-羟乙基)(2-(吡啶-2-硫代巯基)乙基)氧化磷(14).
将S-(2-(双(2-羟乙基)磷酰化)乙基)乙酰硫基(1.25克,5.20毫摩尔)溶于CH3OH(40毫升)和水(20毫升)中,于4℃下加入NaOH(0.5M,20毫升)。反应混合液于室温下搅拌1h,用HCl(6M)调pH 7.0,再加入1,2-二(吡啶硫代巯基)(4.20克,19.09毫摩尔)的甲醇溶液(40毫升),室温下搅拌4h。反应完成后,浓缩,柱层析(MeOH/DCM0:100-1:8),得目标化合物1.26克(产率79%)。ESI MS m/z+330.2(M+Na)。
实例9.((2-(吡啶-2-硫代巯基)乙基)磷酰基)双(乙烷-2,1二取代基)双(4-甲苯磺酰氧基)(15).
将双(2-羟乙基)(2-(吡啶-2-硫代巯基)乙基)氧化磷(1.21克,3.94毫摩尔)和吡啶(15毫升)溶于DCM(30毫升),加入TsCl(2.00克,10.52毫摩尔),反应混合液于室温下搅拌6h。反应完成后,浓缩,柱层析(乙酸乙酯/正己烷1:5-1:3),得目标化合物2.19克(产率87%)。ESI MS m/z+638.7(M+Na)。
实例10.三甲基-3,3’,3”-三丙酸磷酸酯(26).
将三(2-羧乙基)磷酸盐酸盐(TCEP)(7.0克,24.42毫摩尔)用EtOH(2×100毫升)共旋转蒸发,而后溶于甲醇(200毫升),然后在4℃下加入亚硫酰氯(9.0毫升,122.29毫摩尔),室温下搅拌过夜。反应完成后,浓缩,真空泵抽干,得目标化合物7.0克(产率98%)。ESI MSm/z+293.2(M+H)。
实例11.三(2-羟丙基)氧化磷(27).
将三甲基-3,3’,3”-丙酸磷酸酯(7.0克,23.96毫摩尔)于溶于THF(100毫升)中,冷却至0℃,加入LiAlH4(2M)的THF溶液(70毫升)。反应混合液于0℃下搅拌4h后用冰水(5毫升)淬灭,过滤,浓缩得到化合物3,3,,3,,-三羟基丙酸磷5.1克(产率102%),该化合物直接用于下步反应。将上述所得化合物溶于乙酸(80毫升)中,然后加H2O2(20毫升,33%水溶液)。反应混合物搅拌过夜,反应完毕后,浓缩,加水(2×100毫升)和甲苯,真空抽干得到目标化合物(4.88克,产率91%)。ESI MS m/z+225.2(M+H)。
实例12.S-(3-(双(3-羟丙基)磷酰基)丙基)乙酰巯基(28).
将三苯基膦(3.30克,12.59毫摩尔),巯基乙酸(0.762克,10毫摩尔)和三(2-羟丙基)氧化磷(2.82克,12.58毫摩尔)溶于THF(70毫升)中,反应液冷却至0-4℃,缓慢滴加DIAD(2.5毫升,12.69毫摩尔),滴加持续1h。反应混合液于0℃搅拌1h,室温搅拌1h,反应完毕后,加入EtOAc(100毫升),再将反应液倒入到饱和Na2CO3溶液中(100毫升),分液,水层用EtOAc(2×60毫升)萃取。有机层合并后,浓缩,柱层析(MeOH/DCM 1:15-1:8),得目标化合物1.77克(产率89%)。ESI MS m/z+305.2(M+Na)。
实例13.双(3-羟丙基)(3-(甲基硫代巯基)丙基)氧化磷(32).
将S-(3-(双(3-羟丙基)磷酰基)丙基)乙酰巯基(1.75克,6.20毫摩尔)溶于CH3OH(40毫升)和H2O(20毫升)中,于4℃下加入NaOH(0.5M,20毫升)。反应混合液于室温下搅拌1h,用HCl(6M)调pH 7.0,再加入MeSSO2Me(1.0克,7.93毫摩尔)。反应混合液于室温下搅拌4h。反应完成后,浓缩,柱层析(MeOH/DCM1:15-1:8),得目标化合物1.56克(产率88%)。ESIMS m/z+309.4(M+Na)。
实例14.3,3’-((3-(甲基硫硫醚基)丙基)磷酰基)双对甲苯磺酸双丙基酯(33).
将双(3-羟基丙基)-(3-甲基硫硫醚基)丙基氧化膦(1.51克,5.35毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(30毫升)和吡啶(15毫升)中,加入对甲基苯磺酰氯(3.00克,15.78毫摩尔),室温搅拌6小时,浓缩并用硅胶层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/己烷1:5-1:3),得到目标化合物(2.73克,产率68%)。ESI MSm/z+617.2(M+Na)。
实例15.4-双羟基乙基磷酰基甲氨基-4-氧-丁酸甲酯(39).
将双(3-羟基乙基)氨甲基氧化膦(1.00克,5.98毫摩尔)和丁二酸单甲酯(0.79克,5.98毫摩尔)溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(50毫升)中,加入1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(2.40克,12.50毫摩尔),室温搅拌6小时,浓缩并用硅胶层析纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇1:15-1:7),得到目标化合物(1.39克,产率83%)。ESI MS m/z+304.2(M+Na)。
实例16.2,2’-(((4-甲氧基-4,1-二氧丁基)氨甲基)磷酰基)双对甲苯磺酸双乙基酯(40).
将4-双羟基乙基磷酰基甲氨基-4-氧-丁酸甲酯(1.35克,4.80毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(30毫升)和吡啶(15毫升)中,加入对甲基苯磺酰氯(2.50克,13.15毫摩尔),室温搅拌6小时,浓缩并用硅胶层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/己烷1:5~1:3),得到目标化合物(2.34克,产率83%)。ESI MS m/z+612.2(M+Na)。
实例17.N-(2,2’-双羟基乙基)磷酰基次甲基-3-甲基-3-甲基硫硫醚基戊酰胺(44).
将双(3-羟基乙基)氨甲基氧化膦(1.00克,5.98毫摩尔)和4-甲基-4-甲基二硫戊酸(1.16克,5.98毫摩尔)溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中(50毫升)中,加入1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(2.40克,12.50毫摩尔),室温搅拌8小时,浓缩并用硅胶层析纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇1:15-1:7),得到目标化合物(1.66克,产率81%)。ESI MS m/z+366.2(M+Na)。
实例18.N-(2,2’-双甲氧基乙基)磷酰基次甲基-3-甲基-3-甲基硫硫醚基戊酰胺(45).
将N-(2,2’-双羟基乙基)磷酰基次甲基-3-甲基-3-甲基硫硫醚基戊酰胺(1.20克,3.49毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(30毫升)和吡啶(15毫升)中,加入甲基磺酰氯(1.50克,13.16毫摩尔),室温搅拌6小时,浓缩并用硅胶层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/己烷1:5-1:3),得到目标化合物(1.44克,产率83%)。ESI MS m/z+522.1(M+Na)。
实例19.3-甲氧基-4-苄氧基苯甲酸.
将3-羟基-4-苄氧基苯甲酸(50.0克,297.5毫摩尔)溶于乙醇(350毫升)和氢氧化钠溶液(2.0M,350毫升)中,滴加苄溴(140.0克,823.5毫摩尔),65℃搅拌8小时,加入400毫升水,浓缩至约400毫升溶液,重复一次该操作,用6M HCl调节pH至3,过滤,固体用乙醇重结晶,45℃真空干燥,得到目标化合物(63.6克,产率83%)。ESI MS m/z+281.2(M+Na)。
实例20.2-硝基-4-苄氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸.
将3-甲氧基-4-苄氧基苯甲酸(63.5克,246.0毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(400毫升)和冰醋酸(100毫升)中,滴加发烟硝酸(25毫升,528.5毫摩尔),室温搅拌6小时,浓缩,乙醇重结晶,40℃真空干燥,得到目标化合物(63.3克,产率85%)。ESI MS m/z+326.1(M+Na)。
实例21.(2S,4R)-4-羟基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯盐酸盐.
将反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸(15.0克,114.3毫摩尔)溶于干燥的甲醇(250毫升)中,0-4℃下滴加二氯亚砜(17毫升,231.0毫摩尔),室温搅拌过夜,浓缩,乙醇/己烷重结晶,40℃真空干燥,得到目标化合物(18.0克,产率87%)。ESI MS m/z+168.2(M+Na)。
实例22.(2S,4R)-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-羟基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯.
将反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酸甲酯(18.0克,107.0毫摩尔)溶于甲醇(150毫升)和碳酸氢钠溶液(2.0M,350毫升)中,4小时内将二碳酸二叔丁酯(30.0克,137.6毫摩尔)分三批加入,加入完毕之后再反应4小时,浓缩至约350毫升,乙酸乙酯萃取(4×80毫升),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤(100毫升)一次,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用硅胶层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/己烷1:1),得到目标化合物(22.54克,产率86%)。ESI MS m/z+268.2(M+Na)。
实例23.S-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-氧吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯.
该目标化合物可以通过Dess-Martin氧化反应得到(Franco Manfre,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,1992,57,2060-2065)。另外,也可以通过Swern氧化反应得到目标化合物,操作如下:将草酰氯(13.0毫升,74.38毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(350毫升)中,降温至-78℃,滴加干燥的DMSO(26毫升),-78℃下搅拌15min,然后滴加(2S,4R)-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-羟基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯(8.0克,32.63毫摩尔)的二氯甲烷溶液(100毫升),-78℃下搅拌2小时,滴加三乙胺(50.0毫升,180.3毫摩尔),升温至室温,用磷酸二氢钠溶液(1.0M,400毫升)稀释,分液,二氯甲烷(4×80毫升)萃取水相,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用硅胶层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/己烷3:7),得到目标化合物6.73克,产率85%)。ESI MS m/z+266.2(M+Na)。
实例24.S-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-甲烯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯.
将甲基三苯基溴化膦(19.62毫升,55.11毫摩尔)溶于四氢呋喃(150毫升)中,降温至0℃,滴加叔丁醇钾(6.20毫升,55.3毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(80毫升)溶液,0℃下反应2小时,得到黄色的叶立德的悬浊液,向其中滴加S-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-氧-吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯(6.70毫升,27.55毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(40毫升)溶液,室温反应1小时,浓缩,乙酸乙酯稀释,水洗(150毫升),饱和食盐水洗(150毫升),无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用硅胶层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/己烷1:9),得到目标化合物(5.77克,产率87%)。ESI MS m/z+264(M+Na)。
实例25.S-4-甲烯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯.
S-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-甲烯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯(5.70克,23.63毫摩尔)溶于乙酸乙酯(40毫升),冷却至4℃,滴加盐酸溶液(12.0M,10毫升),4℃下反应1小时,用甲苯(50毫升)稀释,浓缩,乙醇/己烷重结晶,得到目标化合物的盐酸盐(3.85克,产率92%)。ESI MSm/z+142.2(M+Na)。
实例26.S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-4-甲烯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯.
将2-硝基-4-苄氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸(2.70克,8.91毫摩尔)溶于无水二氯甲烷(70毫升)中,冰浴下滴加草酰氯(2.0毫升,22.50毫摩尔)和催化量的DMF(35微升),室温反应2小时,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷和多余的草酰氯,在氮气保护下,将制好的酰氯溶于无水二氯甲烷(70毫升)中,并在0℃下滴加到S-4-甲烯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯盐酸盐(1.58克,8.91毫摩尔)和三乙胺(6毫升)的混合溶液中,升温至室温后反应8小时,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷和三乙胺,残留物用乙酸乙酯(70毫升)溶解,水洗(70毫升),乙酸乙酯萃取水相(2×60毫升),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗(40毫升),无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/己烷2:8),得到目标化合物(2.88克,产率76.1%)。ESI MS m/z+449.1(M+Na)。
实例27.S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-4-甲烯基吡咯烷-2-醛.
将S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-4-甲烯基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯(2.80克,6.57毫摩尔)溶于无水二氯甲烷(60毫升)中,降温至-78℃,剧烈搅拌下滴加DIBAL-H(10毫升,1M CH2Cl2溶液),滴加完毕,-78℃下反应90分钟,滴加2毫升甲醇和5%HCl溶液(100毫升)淬灭反应,升温至0℃,分液,水相用二氯甲烷(3×50毫升)萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇95:5),得到目标化合物(2.19克,产率84%)。ESI MS m/z+419.1(M+Na)。
实例28.(S)-8-苄氧基-7-甲氧基-2-次甲基-2,3-二氢-1-氢-苯并[e]-吡咯并[1,2-a]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮.
将S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-4-甲烯基吡咯烷-2-醛(2.18克,5.50毫摩尔)和Na2S2O4(8.0克,45.97毫摩尔)溶于四氢呋喃(60毫升)和水(40毫升)中,室温反应20小时,旋蒸除去溶剂,加入甲醇(60毫升)溶解,用6M HCl调节pH至2,旋蒸除去溶剂,用乙酸乙酯(100毫升)溶解,饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇97:3),得到目标化合物(1.52克,产率80%)。ESI MS m/z+372.1(M+Na)。
实例29.(S)-8-羟基-7-甲氧基-2-次甲基-2,3-二氢-1-氢-苯并[e]-吡咯并[1,2-a]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮.
将(S)-8-(苄氧基)-7-甲氧基-2-次甲基-2,3-二氢-1-氢-苯并[e]-吡咯并[1,2-a]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮(1.50克,4.32毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(70毫升)中,0℃下滴加甲磺酸(25毫升),0℃下反应10分钟,室温反应2小时,二氯甲烷稀释,用冷的碳酸氢钠溶液(1.0M)调节pH至4,过滤,水相用二氯甲烷(3×60毫升)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇15:1),得到目标化合物(811毫克,产率73%)。ESI MS m/z+281.1(M+Na)。
实例30.S-哌啶-2-羧酸甲酯盐酸盐.
将S-哌啶-2-羧酸(10.0克,77.46毫摩尔)溶于甲醇(200毫升)中,氮气保护,0℃下滴加二氯亚砜(15毫升,205.61毫摩尔),反应30分钟,升温至室温并搅拌过夜,浓缩,乙醇重结晶,得到目标化合物(9.9克,产率92%)。ESI MS m/z+144.1(M+Na)。
实例31.S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-哌啶-2-羧酸甲酯.
将2-硝基-4-苄氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸(1.35克,4.45毫摩尔)溶于无水二氯甲烷(40毫升)中,冰浴下滴加草酰氯(1.0毫升,11.25毫摩尔)和催化量的DMF(20微升),室温反应2小时,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷和多余的草酰氯,氮气保护下,将制好的酰氯溶于无水二氯甲烷(40毫升)中,并在0℃下滴加到S-哌啶-2-羧酸甲酯盐酸盐(0.80克,4.46毫摩尔)和三乙胺(4毫升)的混合溶液中,升温至室温反应8小时,旋蒸除去二氯甲烷和三乙胺,用乙酸乙酯(70毫升)溶解,水洗(70毫升),乙酸乙酯萃取水相(2×60毫升),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗(30毫升),无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/己烷2:8),得到目标化合物(1.51克,产率73.1%)。ESI MS m/z+465.1(M+Na)。
实例32.S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-哌啶-2-醛.
将S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-哌啶-2-羧酸甲酯(1.50克,3.50毫摩尔)溶于无水二氯甲烷(50毫升)中,氮气保护,降温至-78℃,剧烈搅拌下滴加DIBAL-H(7.5毫升,1M CH2Cl2溶液),滴加时间为30分钟,滴加完毕,-78℃下反应3小时,滴加0.5毫升甲醇淬灭反应,加入乙酸乙酯(150毫升)和HCl溶液(0.2M,100毫升)稀释,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯(3×80毫升)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/己烷3:2),得到目标化合物(1.52克,产率90%)。1H NMR(CDCl3),9.60(s,1H),7.70(s,1H),7.65–7.28(m,5H),6.78(m,1H),5.16(s,2H),3.92(s,3H),3.22,(m,1H),3.01(m,1H),2.20(m,1H),1.84(m,1H),1.65–1.40(m,4H);13C NMR 200.24,171.31,155.13,154.78,148.41,146.20,137.57,135.47,129.03,128.73,127.31,109.83,109.41,71.61,64.50,56.96,45.98,25.25,23.42,18.70。ESI MS m/z+421.1(M+Na)。
实例33.(S)-3-苄氧基-2-甲氧基-7,8,9,10-四氢苯并[e]哌啶并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-12(6aH)-酮.
将S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-哌啶-2-醛(1.50克,3.77毫摩尔)和Na2S2O4(5.0克,28.73毫摩尔)溶于四氢呋喃(50毫升)和水(50毫升)中,室温反应8小时,加入1,4-环氧六环(50毫升)稀释,旋蒸除去溶剂,再用1,4-环氧六环(3×60毫升)带水,固体用CH3OH/CH2Cl2(1:1,80毫升)超声震荡,过滤除去固体,滤液旋蒸除去溶剂得到固体,该固体用甲醇(100毫升)溶解,再加入浓HCl(0.4毫升),室温搅拌1小时,用碳酸氢钠(0.1M)调节pH至3,浓缩,二氯甲烷(4×60毫升)萃取,合并有机相,1M碳酸氢钠/饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯3:1),得到目标化合物(950毫克,产率72%)。1H NMR(CDCl3),7.81(d,1H,J=5.7Hz),7.38-7.23(m,6H),6.74(s,1H),5.12(dd,2H,J=2.3,21.8Hz),4.18(m,1H),3.88(d,3H),3.69(m,1H),3.15(m,1H),1.99(m,1H),1.87(m,1H),1.79-1.65(m,4H);13C NMR 167.76,163.31,150.72,148.48,140.09,136.46,128.87,128.28,127.53,121.77,111.01,71.02,56.41,49.84,39.93,24.76,23.21,18.62。ESI MS m/z+373.2(M+Na),391.2(M+Na+H2O)。
实例34.(S)-3-羟基-2-甲氧基-7,8,9,10-四氢苯并[e]哌啶并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-12(6aH)-酮.
将(S)-3-苄氧基-2-甲氧基-7,8,9,10-四氢苯并[e]哌啶并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-12(6aH)-酮(925毫克,2.64毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(50毫升)中,0℃下滴加甲磺酸(25毫升),0℃下反应10分钟,室温反应2小时,用二氯甲烷稀释,冷的碳酸氢钠溶液(1.0M)调节pH,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇15:1),得到目标化合物(555毫克,产率81%)。1H NMR(CDCl3),7.75(d,1H,J=5.7Hz),7.28(s,1H),6.70(s,1H),4.08(m,1H),3.83(d,3H),3.61(m,1H),3.08(m,1H),1.91(m,1H),1.81(m,1H),1.71-1.55(m,4H);13C NMR 167.81,163.46,148.53,145.71,140.84,121.23,111.89,111.39,56.45,49.83,39.96,24.71,23.22,18.60。ESI MS m/z+283.7(M+Na)。
实例35.S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯.
将2-硝基-4-苄氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸(2.00克,6.60毫摩尔),L-脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(1.09克,6.60毫摩尔),1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(3.50克,18.22毫摩尔)和二异丙基乙基胺(1.0毫升,5.75毫摩尔)溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(50毫升)中,室温反应过夜,旋蒸除去溶剂,二氯甲烷溶解,分别用1M NaH2PO4/饱和NaCl溶液和0.1M NaHCO3/饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯15:1),得到目标化合物(1.96克,产率72%)。ESI MS m/z+437.1(M+Na)。
实例36.S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-吡咯烷-2-醛.
将S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯(1.90克,4.59毫摩尔)溶于无水二氯甲烷(50毫升)中,氮气保护,降温至-78℃,剧烈搅拌下滴加DIBAL-H(7.5毫升,1.0M CH2Cl2溶液),滴加时间为30分钟,滴加完毕,-78℃下反应3小时,滴加0.5毫升甲醇淬灭反应,加入乙酸乙酯(150毫升)和HCl溶液(0.2M,100毫升)稀释,分液,水相用乙酸乙酯(3×80毫升)萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩并用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/己烷3:2),得到目标化合物(1.34克,产率76%)。ESI MS m/z+407.1(M+Na)。
实例37.(S)-8-苄氧基-7-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1H苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮.
将S-1-((2-硝基-3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基)苯甲酰基)-吡咯烷-2-醛(1.30克,3.38毫摩尔)和Na2S2O4(5.0克,28.73毫摩尔)溶于四氢呋喃(50毫升)和水(50毫升)中,室温反应8小时,加入1,4-环氧六环(50毫升)稀释,旋蒸除去溶剂,再用1,4-环氧六环(3×60毫升)带水,固体用CH3OH/CH2Cl2(1:1,80毫升)超声处理,过滤除去固体,滤液旋蒸得到固体,该固体用甲醇(100毫升)溶解,再加入浓HCl(0.4毫升),室温搅拌1小时,用碳酸氢钠(0.1M)调节pH至3,浓缩,二氯甲烷(4×60毫升)萃取,合并有机相,1M碳酸氢钠/饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯3:1),得到目标化合物(807毫克,产率71%)。ESI MS m/z+359.2(M+Na),377.2(M+Na+H2O)。
实例38.(S)-8-羟基-7-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1H苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮.
将(S)-8-苄氧基-7-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1H苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮(795毫克,2.36毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(30毫升)中,0℃下滴加甲磺酸(15毫升),0℃下反应10分钟,室温反应2小时,用二氯甲烷稀释,冷的碳酸氢钠溶液(1.0M)调节pH,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩并用用硅胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/甲醇15:1),得到目标化合物(477毫克,产率82%)。EIMS m/z+269.2(M+Na),287.2(M+Na+H2O),301.2(M+Na+CH3OH)。
实例39.(11aS,11’S)-8,8’-((((2-(甲基硫硫醚基)以及)磷酰基)双乙氧基)-双(7-甲氧基-2-次甲基-2,3-二氢-1-氢-苯并[e]-吡咯并[1,2-a]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮).
将(S)-8-羟基-7-甲氧基-2-次甲基-2,3-二氢-1-氢-苯并[e]-吡咯并[1,2-a]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮(60.1毫克,0.232毫摩尔),碳酸铯(100毫克,0.307毫摩尔),碘化钾(3.2毫克,0.018毫摩尔)加入丙酮(5毫升)中,而后加入3,3’-((3-(甲基硫硫醚基)丙基)磷酰基)双对甲苯磺酸双丙基酯(67.2毫克,0.121毫摩尔),室温反应过夜,旋蒸除去溶剂,经高效液相色谱(Φ10mm×200mm柱,流速:9mL/min,流动相从0到5分钟的A/B 80:20开始,在15分钟为A/B 50:50,然后到25分钟变为A/B 30:70,最后在30分钟变为A/B 10:90,A相:水,B相:1,4-二氧六环)纯化及冻干得到白色固体(54.6毫克,产率64%)。EI MS m/z+747.2(M+Na),763.3(M+K),781.3(M+K+H2O);MS m/z-723.2(M-H)。
该化合物对Raji细胞有非常强的杀伤作用,37℃孵育5天后测得的IC50值在5.0到11pm之间。
实例40.(11S,11aS,11’S,11a’S)-8,8’-(((2-巯基乙基)磷酰基)双-乙氧基)双(7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-11-磺酸钠).
将(11aS,11a’S)-8,8’-(((2-(甲基硫硫醚基)乙基)磷酰基)双乙氧基)-双(7-甲氧基-2-次甲基-2,3-二氢-1-氢-苯并[e]-吡咯并[1,2-a]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮)(25毫克,0.034毫摩尔)溶于异丙醇(5毫升)和水(5毫升)中,加入硫酸氢钠(9毫克,0.086毫摩尔),室温反应4小时,然后加入三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(29.1毫克,0.102毫摩尔)和NaH2PO4(3.0毫升,2.5M,pH 7.5),继续反应4小时,旋蒸除去溶剂,残留物经高效液相色谱纯化(C18柱,流动相A:水,流动相B:甲醇,30分钟内流动相B从10%增加到75%),冻干得到目标化合物(14.5毫克,产率49.3%),ESI m/z-841.2([M]-H);(11aS,11a’S)-8,8’-(((2-巯基乙基)磷酰基)双乙氧基)-双(7-甲氧基-2-次甲基-2,3-二氢-1-氢-苯并[e]-吡咯并[1,2-a]二氮杂卓-5(11aH)-酮)(2.5毫克,产率10%),ESI m/z+701.2(M+Na),717.2(M+Na+K)。
实例41.(11S,11aS,11’S,11a’S)-8,8’-((2-((1-(4-((2,5-二氧-1-吡咯啉基)氧基)-4-氧丁基)-2,5-二氧-3-吡咯啉基)硫醚基)乙基)磷酰基)双乙氧基双(7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-11-磺酸钠).
将4-(N-马来酰亚胺基)丁二酰亚胺丁酸酯(3.4毫克,0.012毫摩尔)溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(0.5毫升)中,加入(11S,11aS,11’S,11a’S)-8,8’-((((2-巯基乙基)磷酰基)双-乙氧基)双(7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯并[1,2-a][1,4]二氮杂卓-11-磺酸钠)(5.0毫克,0.0059毫摩尔),室温反应2小时,浓缩后经高效液相色谱纯化(C18柱,流动相A:水,流动相B:1,4-二氧六环,30分钟内流动相B从10%增加到75%),冻干得到目标化合物(4.9毫克,产率72%),ESI MS m/z-1165.2(M-H)。
实例42.一个通过含硫醚键连接的PBD-抗体共轭体的抗肿瘤活性实验评价
将2.5mg/ml的抗体CD20和5摩尔当量的(11S,11aS,11’S,11a’S)-8,8’-((((2-((1-(4-(马来酰亚胺)-4-氧丁酸基)-马来酰亚胺)硫代)乙基)磷酸基)双(二乙基-2,1))双(氧))双(7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-11-磺酸钠)在30℃含10%v/v DMA(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)的50mM HEPES(羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸)的缓冲液(pH 7.5)中反应6小时。
偶联后的抗体产物首先经过NAP脱盐柱(Illustra Sephadex G-25DNA Grade,GEHealthcare),用一个由250mM甘氨酸,10mM组氨酸,1%蔗糖,0.01%Tween-20,50μM亚硫酸氢钠组成的pH 6.0缓冲液洗脱,而后在同一个缓冲盐体系中,用Slide-a-Lyzer透析盒(ThermoScientific 20,000MWCO)室温透析4小时。纯化的抗体通过LC-MS测定,发现平均每一个抗体上连接了3.6个PBD分子,单体率99%(分子排阻色谱分析),未偶联的小分子化合物小于0.1%(通过双柱反相高效液相色谱分析),最后浓缩,产品浓度为1.1mg/ml。
抗-CD20抗体偶联PBD二聚体的偶联药物的体外药效评价。偶联药物在抗原阳性的Raji细胞上表现出了很高的活性,IC50在1.0-2.1pM之间。抗原被1μM未偶联抗-CD20抗体阻断后,药物活性明显降低,表明了药物细胞毒性的抗原特异性。
在37℃下孵育5天后,对Raji细胞的体外药效测试
药物/抗体比率 | IC<sub>50</sub> | IC<sub>50</sub>(加入1μM裸抗后) | 特异性窗口 |
3.8 | 1.0-2.1pM | 1.6-2.4nM | 760-2400 |
实例43.(11aS)-7-甲氧基-8-(2-((2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(甲二硫基)乙基)磷酰基)-乙氧基)-2-亚甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮
将(11aS,11a’S)-8,8’-((((2-(甲二硫基)乙基)磷酰基)-双(二乙基-2,1))双(氧))双(7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯-[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮)(150毫克,0.207毫摩尔)溶于无水二氯甲烷(1毫升)和纯乙醇(1.5毫升)的混合液中,0℃下加入二乙二醇二甲醚的硼氢化钠溶液(82微升,0.5M,0.041毫摩尔).加完5分钟后撤掉冰浴慢慢升至室温反应3小时,再冷却至0℃加入氯化铵饱和溶液,并用二氯甲烷萃取,分层,有机相用盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩.产品通过高效液相色谱法(C18柱,乙腈/水)分离。相同组分合并后用二氯甲烷萃取浓缩得到产品(11aS)-7-甲氧基-8-(2-((2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(甲二硫基)-乙基)磷酰基)-乙氧基)-2-亚甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮(63.1毫克,产率42%),MS m/z+749.2(M+Na),765.3(M+K),767.2(M+Na+H2O);和(11aS,11a’S)-8,8’-((((2-(甲二硫基)乙基)磷酸基)双(二乙基-2,1))双(氧))双(7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-2,3,11,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(10H)-酮)(16.5毫克,产率10.9%),MS m/z+751.2(M+Na),767.2(M+K),769.2(M+Na+H2O);和没有反应的原料(10.2毫克,产率6.8%),MS m/z+747.2(M+Na),765.2(M+Na+H2O)。
实例44.(11aS)-8-(2-((2-巯基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酰基)乙氧基)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮.
将(11aS)-7-甲氧基-8-(2-((2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(甲二硫基)乙基)磷酰基)-乙氧基)-2-亚甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮(30毫克,0.041毫摩尔)溶于乙腈(2毫升)和甲醇(5毫升)的混合液中,室温下加入新制备的TCEP溶液(将30毫克TCEP盐酸盐用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液配置成pH6.5的溶液,再用0.4毫升pH6.5的1M磷酸缓冲盐稀释)。加完后室温搅拌反应3.5小时,再加入二氯甲烷和水,分层,有机相浓缩后用高效液相色谱法(C18柱,乙腈/水)制备得到白色固体(20.2毫克,产率72%)。ESI MS m/z+703.2(M+Na),721.2(M+Na+H2O),m/z-697.2(M+H2O-H)。
实例45.2,5-二羰基吡咯烷-1-基4-((2-((2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酰基)乙基)二硫基)-4-甲基戊酸
将2,5-二羰基吡咯烷-1-基4-甲基-4-((5-硝基吡啶-2-基)二硫基)戊酸连接体(5.2毫克,0.013摩尔)溶于DMA中(0.5毫升)加入(11aS)-8-(2-((2-巯基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酰基)乙氧基)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮(5.0毫克,0.0073毫摩尔)和磷酸二氢钠缓冲盐(0.5M,0.3毫升,pH 6.0)。加完后搅拌反应2小时,反应液浓缩,用高效液相色谱法(C18柱,流动相A:水,流动相B:1,4-二氧六环,在30分钟内从10%B到65%B)。分离出来的组分合并浓缩后冻干得到产品(4.9毫克,产率73%)。ESI MS m/z+946.3(M+Na),964.3(M+Na+H2O)。
实例46.一个通过含二硫键连接的PBD-抗体共轭体的抗肿瘤活性实验评价.
2.5mg/ml的抗体CD20和5摩尔当量的2,5-二羰基吡咯烷-1-基4-((2-((2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-2-亚甲基-5-氧-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酰基)乙基)-二硫基)-4-甲基戊酸在30℃,含10%v/v DMA(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)和1mM的亚硫酸氢钠的50mM HEPES(羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸)缓冲液(pH7.5)中反应6小时。
偶联后的抗体产物首先经过NAP脱盐柱(Illustra Sephadex G-25 DNA Grade,GEHealthcare),用一个由250mM甘氨酸,10mM组氨酸,1%蔗糖,0.01%Tween-20,50μM亚硫酸氢钠组成的pH 6.0缓冲液洗脱,而后在同一个缓冲盐体系中,利用Slide-a-Lyzer透析盒(ThermoScientific 20,000MWCO)室温透析4小时。纯化的抗体通过LC-MS测定,发现平均每一个抗体上连接了3.6个PBD分子,单体率99%(分子排阻色谱分析),未偶联的小分子化合物小于0.1%(通过双柱反相高效液相色谱分析),最后浓缩,得到抗体浓度为1.5mg/ml。
抗-CD20抗体偶联PBD二聚体的偶联药物的体外药效评价。偶联药物在抗原阳性的Raji细胞上表现出了很高的活性,IC50在1.6-2.5pM之间。抗原被1μM未偶联抗-CD20抗体阻断后,药物活性明显降低,表明了药物细胞毒性的抗原特异性。
在37℃下孵育5天后,对Raji细胞的体外药效测试
药物/抗体 | IC<sub>50</sub> | IC<sub>50</sub>(加入1μM裸抗后) | 特异性窗口 |
3.6 | 1.6-2.5pM | 1.5-2.3nM | 600-1440 |
实例47.(6aS,6a’S)-3,3’-((((2-(甲二硫基)乙基)磷酰基)双(二乙基-2,1))双(氧))-双(2-甲氧基-7,8,9,10-四氢[e]吡啶[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-12(6aH)-酮).
将化合物(S)-3-羟基-2-甲氧基-7,8,9,10-四氢苯并[e]吡啶[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-12(6aH)-酮(65毫克,0.25毫摩尔),碳酸铯(100毫克,0.307毫摩尔),碘化钾(3.2毫克,0.018毫摩尔)溶于5毫升的丙酮中,加入((2-(甲二硫基)乙基)-磷酰基)双(二乙基-2,1)双(4-甲基苯磺酸)(71毫克,0.123毫摩尔)。加完后反应过夜,浓缩后用C18柱纯化(Φ10mm×200mm柱,流速:9mL/min,流动相从0到5分钟的A/B 80:20开始,在15分钟为A/B 50:50,然后到25分钟变为A/B 30:70,最后在30分钟变为A/B 10:90,A相:水,B相:1,4-二氧六环)最后冻干得到白色固体54.7毫克(产率61%)。EIMS m/z+751.2(M+Na),767.3(M+K),785.3(M+K+H2O);MS m/z-727.2(M-H)。
实例48.(11aS,11a’S)-8,8’-((((2-(甲二硫基)乙基)磷酰基)双(二乙基-2,1))双(氧))双(7-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮).
将(S)-8-羟基-7-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮(60.4毫克,0.245毫摩尔),碳酸铯(100毫克,0.307毫摩尔),碘化钾(3.2毫克,0.018毫摩尔)溶于5毫升的丙酮中,加入((2-(甲二硫基)乙基)磷酰基)-双(二乙基-2,1)双(4-甲基苯磺酸)(71毫克,0.123毫摩尔).加完后搅拌反应过夜,浓缩用C18柱纯化(Φ10mm×200mm柱,流速:9mL/min,流动相从0到5分钟的A/B 80:20开始,在15分钟为A/B 50:50,然后到25分钟变为A/B 30:70,最后在30分钟变为A/B 10:90,A相:水,B相:1,4-二氧六环),最后冻干得到白色固体54.7毫克(产率61%)。EIMS m/z+723.2(M+Na),739.3(M+K),757.3(M+K+H2O);MS m/z-699.2(M-H)。
实例49.双(2-溴乙基)次磷酸
氮气保护下将次磷酸铵(8.00克,96毫摩尔)和六甲基二硅胺(20.0毫升,96毫摩尔)混合物加热到120℃反应1小时。冷却至室温,加入60毫升的二溴乙烷,再升至120℃反应8小时。形成的三甲基溴硅烷用大量大二溴乙烷旋蒸带走,再把100毫升乙醇水溶液(1:1)滴进去,再回流0.5小时,浓缩并用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到产品(16.53克,产率61%)。ESI MS m/z-276.8(M-H)。
实例50.双(2-溴乙基)次磷酸乙酯.
双(2-溴乙基)次磷酸(5.00克,18.0毫摩尔)溶于原甲酸三乙酯(100.0毫升)中,用分水装置回流反应去除反应中生成的乙醇和甲酸乙酯。反应完后浓缩去除原甲酸三乙酯,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚洗脱(1:15-1:4)过柱得到产品(2.86克,产率52%)。ESI MS m/z+328.9(M+Na),330.9(M+Na+2),332.9(M+Na+4)。
实例51.双(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酸乙酯.
将化合物(S)-8-羟基-7-甲氧基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮卓-5(11aH)-酮(60.1毫克,0.244毫摩尔),碳酸铯(100毫克,0.307毫摩尔),碘化钾(3.2毫克,0.018毫摩尔)溶于5毫升的丁酮中,加入双(2-溴乙基)次磷酸乙酯(37.1毫克,0.122毫摩尔)。加完后搅拌反应过夜,浓缩,用C18柱纯化(Φ10mm×200mm柱,流速:9mL/min,流动相从0到5分钟的A/B 80:20开始,在15分钟为A/B 50:50,然后到25分钟变为A/B 30:70,最后在30分钟变为A/B 10:90,A相:水,B相:1,4-二氧六环)冻干后得到白色固体(52.9毫克,产率68%)。ESI MS m/z+661.2(M+Na),677.3(M+K),679.3(M+Na+H2O)。
实例52.(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酸乙酯.
将化合物双(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酸乙酯(100毫克,0.156毫摩尔)溶于无水二氯甲烷(1毫升)和纯乙醇(1.5毫升)的混合液中,0℃下加入硼氢化钠的二乙二醇二甲醚溶液(63微升,0.5M,0.031毫摩尔)。冰浴下反应5分钟后升至室温反应3小时,冷却至0℃后加入饱和氯化铵溶液,加完后加入二氯甲烷萃取,分层,有机相用盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,高效液相色谱法纯化(C18柱,乙腈/水)。合并组分后用二氯甲烷萃取,浓缩得到产品(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)-磷酸乙酯(43.1毫克,产率43%),MS m/z+663.3(M+Na),679.3(M+K),681.3(M+Na+H2O);双(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酸乙酯(9.2毫克,产率9.2%),MS m/z+665.2(M+Na),681.3(M+K),683.2(M+Na+H2O);没有反应的原料(9.6毫克,9.6%),MS m/z+661.2(M+Na),679.2(M+Na+H2O)。
实例53.(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-10-(4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酰基)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酸乙酯
将催化量的DMF(5微升)加入到4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酸(51.1毫克,0.223毫摩尔)和草酰氯(0.10毫升,1.125毫摩尔)的无水二氯甲烷(4.0毫升)溶液中,加完后室温反应2小时。直接浓缩,再用二氯甲烷(3.0毫升)溶解,0℃氮气保护下加入(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯并[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]-8-二氮卓)氧)乙基)磷酸乙酯(40.0毫克,0.062毫摩尔)和三乙胺(0.4毫升)。加完后升至室温反应8小时,浓缩除去二氯甲烷和三乙胺后,用水和乙酸乙酯(6/6毫升)分层,水相再用乙酸乙酯萃取(2×6毫升)。合并有机相并用盐水洗涤,干燥(硫酸镁),浓缩,柱层析纯化(硅胶柱,乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷1:20-1:8)得到产品(38.1毫克,产率72.1%)。EI MS m/z+874.2(M+Na),892.2(M+Na+H2O)。
实例54.通过二硫键连接的PBD衍生物与抗体共轭体和它的抗肿瘤活性。
向含有单抗(5毫克/毫升,特殊工艺制备的富半胱氨酸CD22或CD20抗体),50mM硼酸钠,pH 7.8的PBS缓冲液中加入二硫苏糖醇(DTT)(10mM)。混合物在37℃下反应半小时,凝胶(G-25,PBS包含1mM DTPA)过滤后,用5,5’-二巯基(2-硝基苯甲酸)巯基检测,显示大概每个抗体上含有7到8个巯基。在4℃下,向含有还原抗体,10%v/v DMA,1mM亚硫酸氢钠,pH7.5的缓冲液中加入(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧代-10-(4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁醇基)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-六氢-1H-苯[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮平-8-基)氧基)乙基)(2-(((S)-7-甲氧基-5-氧代-2,3,5,11a-四氢-1H-苯[e]吡咯[1,2-a][1,4]二氮平-8-基)氧基)乙基)亚磷酸乙酯(1.2当量/SH)。混合物在30℃下反应6小时,用过量的半胱氨酸稀释。共轭体用NAP脱盐柱(Illustra Sephadex G-25DNA Grade,GE Healthcare)纯化并将缓冲液交换为250mM甘氨酸,10mM组氨酸,1%蔗糖,0.01%吐温-20,50μM亚硫酸氢钠,pH 6.0的缓冲液。在室温下,相同缓冲液中用Slide-a-Lyzer透析盒(ThermoScientific 20,000MWCO)透析4小时。纯化后的共轭体上每个抗体平均含有3到4个PBD衍生物分子(LC-MS确定),99%单体(SEC确定),<0.2%没与抗体偶联的半胱氨酸-药物结合物(双柱反相HPLC分析法确定),蛋白浓度2.5毫克/毫升(蛋白浓度和载药量分别由280和254nm光谱分析确定)。
在37℃,5天孵育,共轭体抗Raji细胞的体外活性测试
药物/抗体 | IC<sub>50</sub> | IC<sub>50</sub>(加入1μM裸抗后) | 特异性窗口 |
3.4 | 4.1-21.5pM | 1.2-2.1nM | 55-512 |
实例55.二(2-苄氧乙基)氧化磷.
将镁条(1.2克,50.0毫摩尔)和乙醚(50毫升)加到含有滴液漏斗和冷凝管的三口反应瓶中。将2-苄氧基溴乙烷(10.70克,50.0毫摩尔)溶于乙醚(50毫升)的溶液用滴液漏斗滴到镁条混合物中。微加热以引发反应,之后撤去加热,控制滴加速度,保持回流状态。滴加完毕后回流一小时,冷却至0℃,将亚磷酸二乙酯(3.10毫升,24.0毫摩尔)的乙醚的溶液(10毫升)滴加到反应液中。加完后升温回流反应一小时,冰水冷却下加入10%盐酸(50毫升)和水(50毫升)。分出有机相,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩后硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷1:20-1:10)得目标化合物(6.26克,产率82%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C18H23NaO3P,计算值341.1(M+Na),测得值341.1。
实例56.P,P-二(2-羟乙基)-N-(3-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丙基)磷酰胺
将二(2-苄氧乙基)氧化磷(1.0克,3.14毫摩尔),Pd/C(0.20克,10wt%)和四氢呋喃(30毫升)加到250毫升加氢瓶中。在氢气(30psi)下反应2小时后,过滤浓缩,加二氯甲烷/甲苯再浓缩。将浓缩物溶到二氯甲烷(30毫升)和四氯化碳(3毫升)中,冰浴下滴加3-(吡啶-2-二硫基)-1-丙胺(1.10克,5.50毫摩尔)的20%氢氧化钠的水溶液(10毫升),加完后,在20-25℃反应2小时。分出有机相,饱和碳酸钾洗(2×30毫升),水洗(3×30毫升),硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩后硅胶柱层析纯化,得目标化合物(665毫克,产率63%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C12H21N2NaO3PS2,计算值359.1(M+Na),测得值359.1。
实例57.P,P-二(2-苄氧乙基)-N-甲基-N-(3-(甲胺基)丙基)磷酰胺
在0℃下,将N,N-二甲基-1,3-二丙胺(1.80克,17.6毫摩尔)加到二(2-苄氧乙基)氧化磷(1.0克,3.14毫摩尔),三乙胺(5毫升)和四氯化碳(25毫升)的混合物中。在0℃下反应半小时后升至室温反应过夜,减压蒸除溶剂后,加水,乙酸乙酯萃取,硫酸镁干燥。过滤,浓缩后硅胶柱层析纯化,得目标化合物(1.09克,产率83%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C23H35N2NaO3P,计算值441.2(M+Na),测得值441.2。
实例58.P,P-二(2-羟乙基)-N-甲基-N-(3-(甲胺基)丙基)磷酰胺
将P,P-二(2-苄氧乙基)-N-甲基-N-(3-(甲胺基)丙基)磷酰胺(1.0克,2.39毫摩尔),Pd/C(0.20克,10wt%)和甲醇(40毫升)加到250毫升加氢瓶中。氢气(30psi)下反应4小时后,过滤浓缩得目标化合物(0.566克,产率99%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C9H23N2NaO3P,计算值261.1(M+Na),测得值261.1。
实例59.N-(3-((二-(2-羟乙基)磷酰基)(甲基)氨基)丙基)-4-(2,5-二氧代-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基丁酰胺
将草酰氯(1.00克,7.87毫摩尔)和DMF(20微升)加到4-马来酰亚胺丁酸(0.60克,3.27毫摩尔)和二氯甲烷(25毫升)混合物中。反应2小时后,减压蒸干,将残留物溶于四氢呋喃(20毫升)中。将P,P-二(2-羟乙基)-N-甲基-N-(3-(甲胺基)丙基)磷酰胺(0.566克,2.38毫摩尔)溶于四氢呋喃(20毫升)中,在4℃加入饱和亚磷酸氢二钠的缓冲液(60毫升,pH10),再滴加上述制备的酰氯四氢呋喃溶液。1小时内加完后,室温反应3小时,用磷酸调pH至7.5,浓缩至65毫升,二氯甲烷萃取(3×40毫升)。合并有机相,硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩后硅胶柱层析纯化(甲醇/二氯甲烷1:10-1:5)得目标化合物(601毫克,产率63%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C17H30N3NaO6P,计算值426.2(M+Na),测得值426.2。
实例60.(((3-(4-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基丁酰胺)-丙基)(甲基)-氨基)磷酰基)二(乙基-2,1-二基)二甲磺酸酯
将甲磺酰氯(0.4毫升,5.16毫摩尔)加到N-(3-((二-(2-羟乙基)磷酰基)(甲基)氨基)丙基)-4-(2,5-二氧代-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基丁酰胺(590毫克,1.46毫摩尔)和三乙胺(5毫升)的二氯甲烷(20毫升)溶液中。反应4小时,浓缩后硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷1:15-1:10),得目标化合物(710毫克,产率87%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C19H34N3NaO10PS2,计算值582.1(M+Na),测得值582.1。
实例61.N-(3-((二(2-羟乙基)磷酰基)(甲基)氨基)丙基)-N-甲基-4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酰胺
将草酰氯(1.20克,9.44毫摩尔)和DMF(20微升)加到4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酸(1.05克,4.58毫摩尔)和二氯甲烷(40毫升)的混合物中。反应2小时后,减压蒸至干,再将其溶于四氢呋喃(30毫升)中。将P,P-二(2-羟乙基)-N-甲基-N-(3-(甲胺基)丙基)磷酰胺(0.566克,2.38毫摩尔)溶于四氢呋喃(20毫升)中,在4℃加入饱和亚磷酸氢二钠的缓冲液(60毫升,pH 10),再滴加上述制备的酰氯四氢呋喃溶液。1小时内加完后,室温反应3小时,用磷酸调pH至7.5,浓缩至75毫升,二氯甲烷萃取(3×50毫升)。合并有机相,硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩后硅胶柱层析纯化(甲醇/二氯甲烷1:10-1:5),得目标化合物(640毫克,产率60%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C18H32N3NaO4PS2,计算值472.2(M+Na),测得值472.2。
实例62.((甲基(3-(N-甲基-4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酰胺)丙基)-氨基)磷酰基)-二(乙烷-2,1-二基)二甲磺酸酯.
将甲磺酰氯(0.4毫升,5.16毫摩尔)加到N-(3-((二(2-羟乙基)磷酰基)(甲基)氨基)丙基)-N-甲基-4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酰胺(630毫克,1.40毫摩尔)和三乙胺(5毫升)的二氯甲烷(20毫升)的溶液中。反应4小时,浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷1:15-1:10),得目标化合物(720毫克,产率85%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C20H36N3NaO8PS4,计算值628.1(M+Na),测得值628.1。
实例63.(((3-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丙基)氨基)磷酰基)二(乙烷-2,1-二基)二(4-甲基苯磺酸酯).
将对甲苯磺酰氯(1.15克,6.03毫摩尔)加到P,P-二(2-羟乙基)-N-(3-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丙基)磷酰胺(502毫克,1.50毫摩尔)和三乙胺(5毫升)的二氯甲烷(20毫升)的溶液中。反应4小时,浓缩,硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷1:15-1:10)得目标化合物(802毫克,产率83%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C26H33N2NaO7PS4,计算值667.1(M+Na),测得值667.1。
实例64.2,2’-(氯亚磷酸)二乙酸二甲酯.
氩气保护下,将三丁基锡基乙酸甲酯(7.29克,20.0毫摩尔)加到三氯化磷(5毫升,2.0M的二氯甲烷溶液)的苯(100毫升)溶液中。回流反应半小时后,用NMR和GC-MS检测,产物2,2’-(氯亚磷酸)二乙酸二甲酯含量为大约85%。过滤,苯洗,液体冷却至0℃,通氧气6小时。0℃下快速蒸干,通入氩气保护,直接投下步反应。MS(ESI)m/z+C6H10ClNaO5P,计算值251.0.1(M+Na),测得值251.0。
实例65.2,2’,2”-磷酰三乙酸三甲酯.
氩气保护下,将三丁基锡基乙酸甲酯(11.67克,32.0毫摩尔)加到三氯化磷(5毫升,2.0M的二氯甲烷溶液)的苯(100毫升)的溶液中。回流反应半小时后,用NMR和GC-MS检测,产物2,2’,2”-磷三乙酸三甲酯含量为大约93%。过滤,苯洗,液体冷却至0℃,通氧气6小时。0℃下快速蒸干,硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷1:15-1:8),得目标化合物(2.31克,产率87%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C9H15NaO7P,计算值289.0(M+Na),测得值289.0。
另一方法:在氩气保护下,将溴乙酸甲酯(4.70克,30.90毫摩尔)加到三(三甲基硅)磷(2.5克,10毫摩尔)的苯(100毫升)的溶液中。回流反应半小时后,用NMR和GC-MS检测,产物2,2’,2”-磷三乙酸三甲酯含量为大约89%。过滤,二氯甲烷洗滤饼,蒸除溶剂,重新溶解在二氯甲烷中,再加入m-CPBA(2.07克,12.1毫摩尔),室温搅拌反应1小时。蒸除溶剂,硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷1:15-1:8),得目标化合物(2.25克,产率85%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C9H15NaO7P,计算值289.0(M+Na),测得值289.0。
实例66.三(2-羟乙基)氧化磷.
在0℃下,将LiAlH4(20毫升,1.0M四氢呋喃溶液,20毫摩尔)滴加到2,2’,2”-磷酰三乙酸三甲酯(2.20克,8.27毫摩尔)的四氢呋喃(50毫升)的溶液中。0℃反应2.5小时后,用甲醇(5毫升)淬灭反应,二氯甲烷(100毫升)稀释,短硅胶柱过滤(甲醇/二氯甲烷),浓缩,乙醇/正己烷重结晶得目标化合物(1.23克,产率82%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C6H15NaO4P,计算值205.07(M+Na),测得值205.07。
实例67.P,P-二(氯甲基)-N-(3-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丙基)磷酰胺.
在0-4℃,将二(氯甲基)磷酰氯(0.54克,3.00毫摩尔)的二氯甲烷(5毫升)溶液滴加到3-(吡啶-2-二硫基)-1-丙胺(0.60克,3.00毫摩尔)和三乙胺(5毫升)的二氯甲烷(20毫升)溶液中。半小时内加完后,室温反应1小时。浓缩后,硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷1:15-1:8),得目标化合物(887毫克,产率86%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C10H15Cl2N2NaOPS2,计算值367.0(M+Na),测得值367.0。
实例68.P,P-二((((2S,3aR)-2-氟-8-甲氧基-10-氧代-1,2,3,3a,10,10a-六氢-苯[b]环戊烷[e]并氮杂卓-7-基)氧杂)甲基)-N-(3-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丙基)-磷酰胺.
将(2S,3aR)-2-氟-7-羟基-8-甲氧基-1,3,3a,10a-四氢苯[b]环戊烷[e]-并氮杂卓-10(2H)-酮(C2-氟取代的吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]苯并氮杂卓(A.Kamal,et al.,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,2004,14,2669-2672)(80毫克,0.30毫摩尔)和碳酸铯(112毫克,0.34毫摩尔)加入丁酮(5毫升)中,搅拌5分钟后加入P,P-二(氯甲基)-N-(3-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丙基)磷酰胺(50毫克,0.145毫摩尔)和碘化钾(4毫克,0.024毫摩尔)。氩气保护下反应24小时,浓缩,制备HPLC(C18柱,25×2厘米)纯化(水/乙腈,45分钟内从5%乙腈到60%乙腈,流速:9毫升/分钟)得目标化合物(73毫克,产率63%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C38H41F2N4O7PS2,计算值821.2(M+Na),测得值821.2 837.3(M+K),839.2(M+Na+H2O),857.2(M+Na+2H2O)。
在37℃孵育5天,共轭体抗Ramos细胞的体外活性为:IC50=0.1-0.5nM。
实例69.N-(3-((二(2-(((2S,3aR)-2-氟-8-甲氧基-10-氧代-1,2,3,3a,10,10a-六氢-苯[b]环戊烷[e]并氮杂卓-7-基)氧杂)乙基)磷酰基)(甲基)氨基)-丙基)-4-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基丁酰胺
将(2S,3aR)-2-氟-7-羟基-8-甲氧基-1,3,3a,10a-四氢苯[b]环戊烷[e]-并氮杂卓-10(2H)-酮(80毫克,0.30毫摩尔)和碳酸铯(110毫克,0.33毫摩尔)加入丁酮(5毫升),搅拌5分钟后,加入(((3-(4-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-甲基丁酰胺)-丙基)(甲基)-氨基)磷酰基)二(乙基-2,1-二基)二甲磺酸酯(82毫克,0.146毫摩尔)和碘化钾(4毫克,0.024毫摩尔)。氩气保护下反应24小时,浓缩,制备HPLC(C18柱,25×2厘米)纯化(水/乙腈,45分钟内从5%乙腈到60%乙腈,流速:9毫升/分钟)得目标化合物(79毫克,产率61%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C45H54F2N5NaO10P,计算值916.3(M+Na),测得值916.3,932.3(M+K),934.3(M+Na+H2O),952.3(M+Na+2H2O)。
实例70.N-(3-((二(2-(((2S,3aR)-2-氟-8-甲氧基-10-氧代-1,2,3,3a,10,10a-六氢-苯[b]环戊烷[e]并氮杂卓-7-基)氧杂)乙基)磷酰基)(甲基)氨基)-丙基)-N-甲基-4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酰胺.
(2S,3aR)-2-氟-7-羟基-8-甲氧基-1,3,3a,10a-四氢苯[b]环戊烷[e]-并氮杂卓-10(2H)-酮(80毫克,0.30毫摩尔)和碳酸铯(110毫克,0.33毫摩尔)加到丁酮(5毫升)中,搅拌5分钟后加入((甲基(3-(N-甲基-4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酰胺)丙基)-氨基)磷酰基)-二(乙烷-2,1-二基)二甲磺酸酯(87毫克,0.144毫摩尔)和碘化钾(4毫克,0.024毫摩尔)。氩气保护下反应24小时,浓缩,制备HPLC(C18柱,25×2厘米)纯化(水/乙腈,45分钟内从5%乙腈到60%乙腈,流速:9毫升/分钟)得目标化合物(82毫克,产率61%)。MS(ESI)m/z+C46H56F2N5O8PS2,计算值962.3(M+Na),测得值962.3(M+Na),978.3(M+K),980.3(M+Na+H2O),996.3(M+Na+2H2O)。
实例71.(2R,2’R,3aR,3a’R,4S,4’S)-7,7’-(((((3-(4-巯基-N-甲基丁酰胺)丙基)(甲基)氨基)磷酰基)二(乙烷-2,1-二基))二(氧杂))二(2-氟-8-甲氧基-10-氧代-1,2,3,3a,4,5,10,10a-八氢苯[b]环戊烷[e]并氮杂卓-4-磺酸钠).
将N-(3-((二(2-(((2S,3aR)-2-氟-8-甲氧基-10-氧代-1,2,3,3a,10,10a-六氢-苯[b]环戊烷[e]并氮杂卓-7-基)氧杂)乙基)磷酰基)(甲基)氨基)-丙基)-N-甲基-4-(吡啶-2-二硫基)丁酰胺(70毫克,0.074毫摩尔)加到含有10%DMA(v/v),2mM亚硫酸氢钠,pH7.8的磷酸氢二钠(50mM,5毫升)的缓冲液中。搅拌反应1小时后,加入TCEP(40毫克,0.139毫摩尔,NaHCO3水溶液调至中性后)。反应1小时后,浓缩,制备HPLC(C18柱,25×2厘米)纯化(水/乙腈,45分钟内从2%乙腈到50%乙腈,流速:9毫升/分钟),得目标化合物(52毫克,产率68%)。ESI MS m/z-C41H54F2N4Na2O14PS3,计算值1037.2(M-H),测得值1037.2(M-H)。
实例72.含活性巯基的PBD衍生二聚物和抗体的共轭体制备如下:
将1.0当量的链接体(SMCC或SMPDP,大约2mM)的DMA溶液加到含有1.5当量的(2R,2’R,3aR,3a’R,4S,4’S)-7,7’-(((((3-(4-巯基-N-甲基丁酰胺)丙基)(甲基)氨基)磷酰基)二(乙烷-2,1-二基))二(氧杂))二(2-氟-8-甲氧基-10-氧代-1,2,3,3a,4,5,10,10a-八氢苯[b]环戊烷[e]并氮杂卓-4-磺酸钠)的PBS缓冲液(pH 6.0)中。在4-20℃反应45到120分钟后,将0.1到0.25当量的含抗体的缓冲液(pH 8)加到上述含连接体-药物的混合物中,调pH至7.0-8.0。室温反应2到24小时后,用Sephadex G25柱纯化(PBS,pH 6.5平衡)。连接在抗体上的PBD衍生二聚物用UV在254nm和280nm,或QTOF质谱来测定。
在37℃,5天孵育,共轭体抗Raji细胞的体外活性测试
实例73.体外细胞毒性试验.
实验操作:非偶联的游离药物或药物共轭体加到96孔平底培养板上,梯度稀释至特定的浓度范围。将抗原阳性(Ag+)或抗原阴性(Ag-)细胞加到特定细胞密度(1000-10000细胞/空)的孔中,每个细胞株和每个药物浓度有3个平行样。所有细胞株在RPMI-1640(编号11875-085,Invitrogen)中培养,用10%胎牛血清庆大霉素补给。孔板在37℃,5%二氧化碳的环境中孵育5天。孵育的最后阶段,通过WST-8细胞活性检测方法评价药效,活细胞通过WST-8孵育(2-7小时)测定。测每孔的吸光度,根据每个浓度下的存细胞活率作图,计算共轭体的细胞毒效应或抗原特异性。抗体-药物共轭体的效力和特异性,是通过在加入或不加入过量裸抗的条件下共轭体对抗原阳性细胞的杀伤效力来测定的。
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Claims (11)
3.药物组合物,其包含如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或如权利要求2所述的共轭体,以及药学上可接受的载体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其还进一步包含其他治疗剂,所述其他治疗剂选自化疗药物、自身免疫疾病类药物、抗感染类药、抗病毒类药物,或其它的免疫治疗药物。
5.权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或如权利要求2所述的共轭体在制备用于哺乳动物和人中抑制非正常细胞的生长或治疗增生性疾病的药物中的用途。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述疾病是良性或恶性肿瘤;与神经元类、神经胶质类、星形胶质类、下丘脑类、腺、巨噬细胞类、上皮、基质、囊胚、血管生成和免疫紊乱相关的疾病;炎症;自身免疫性疾病;结构破坏性疾病;传染性疾病;病毒性疾病;纤维化疾病;神经退化性疾病;胰腺或肾脏性疾病。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述疾病是癌症。
8.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述疾病是白血病或淋巴恶性肿瘤。
9.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述疾病是骨组织破坏。
10.根据权利要求5-9任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述药物还进一步含有其他治疗剂,所述其他治疗剂选自化疗药物、自身免疫疾病类药物、抗感染类药、抗病毒类药物,或其它的免疫治疗药物。
11.权利要求2所述的共轭体的制备方法,其包含:将权利要求2所述的mAb直接与权利要求1所述的化合物在含有任选的0-30%有机共溶剂的pH3-9缓冲液中反应。
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CA2921982A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
WO2015028850A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
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US9988408B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
AU2013399485B2 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
JP6332773B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
AU2013399485A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
CA2921982C (en) | 2020-08-25 |
CN115124573A (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
US20160207949A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
CN107074879A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
EP3041846B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
NZ717003A (en) | 2019-05-31 |
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