CN107046739A - 大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片及其内硬外软的制作方法 - Google Patents

大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片及其内硬外软的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN107046739A
CN107046739A CN201611042279.5A CN201611042279A CN107046739A CN 107046739 A CN107046739 A CN 107046739A CN 201611042279 A CN201611042279 A CN 201611042279A CN 107046739 A CN107046739 A CN 107046739A
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ceramics
silicon nitride
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CN107046739B (zh
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肖毅
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Changde Cree New Mstar Technology Ltd
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Abstract

一种大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片及其內硬外软的制作方法,包括绝缘陶瓷板、加热陶瓷、焊接陶瓷和外接导线,步骤如下:一、将绝缘陶瓷材料制粒;二、将柱状粒制成绝缘粉陶瓷坯体后烘干;三、通过烘干、造粒、成形压片、脱胶、烧结、切割成需要的加热陶瓷片与焊接陶瓷片;四、把已成型好的两片绝缘陶瓷坯体、加热陶瓷片与焊接陶瓷片压合为一体进行硬化脱胶、烧结、切割成需要的形状。本发明的优点是:1、可快速加热,温度控制精确。2、加热陶瓷发热非常均匀,热损耗非常低。3、加热陶瓷与绝缘陶瓷、焊接陶瓷烧结为一体,无界面,质量好。4、焊接面较大,焊接出线非常牢固。

Description

大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片及其内硬外软的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及氮化硅陶瓷,即大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片及其内硬外软的制作方法。
背景技术
大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,一般是指500W以上的,单位面积功率大于50瓦/cm2
由于重量轻、体积小、加热速度快、功率大、热耗小、传热递效率高、高温时稳定不变形等特点在各行各业、尤其是电子行业中使用的越来越多,越来越广泛。
目前国内制作氮化硅陶瓷加热片有如下2种工艺方法:
方法一:把钨丝弯成弹簧状,按不同需要的电阻,将不同长度的弹簧放置在氮化硅材料中,压实、烧结,再焊接引出线。如图1所示。
方法二:准备流延好的氮化硅平板陶瓷坯体和钨浆,将钨浆用丝网印刷的方式印刷到氮化硅平板坯体上形成发热的导体,然后再复上一层陶瓷坯体,烧结而成。如图2所示。
方法三:专利《氮化硅加热片及其制作方法》采用把Si3N4粉与加热体粉进行套压成一体然后进行烧结的方法。
这三种工艺方法都有比较严重的缺点:
1:在陶瓷上制作加热片,主要是利用陶瓷在比较小的面积上制作较大功率的且热损耗小的器件,但是使用的加热钨丝直径一般都很小,在Φ0.4-0.5mm左右,这种细钨丝与陶瓷粉烧结在一起不能很好的相溶,非常易损坏。
2:陶瓷烧结是多晶体,不可能没有微气孔,这在高倍显微镜下可看到,而钨丝在空气中加热是非常容易变脆烧断,这是陶瓷加热片易损坏的主要原因。
3:陶瓷粉体的颗粒形状是不同的,把直径0.4mm左右的细钨丝在高温高压下与陶瓷颗粒烧结在一起,钨丝表面已经严重的损坏了,在长期的重复使用中非常容易断丝。
4.在陶瓷流延基板上制作的加热片,由于有脱胶工艺,是不能制作大功率的产品,陶瓷一般为氧化铝材料,氧化铝材料热震性较差,只能做小功率的。
5:由于钨丝是绕成不同导程的弹簧状发热体置入陶瓷粉料中,弹簧导程尺寸不可能控制非常精准,造成加热不均匀。
6:把钨丝弹簧加到陶瓷粉中,工艺比较复杂,人为因素较大,实际功率变化比较大,不易控制。
7:钨丝置入在陶瓷中,出线端面积很小,焊接引出线非常不易,焊接不牢是使用过程中出现问题的主要原因。
8:由于加热钨丝在陶瓷体中,有不确定性,在使用中电阻变化大,功率不稳定,发热变化很大。
9.专利申请2012100471693《氮化硅加热片及其制造方法》中,有两个大的缺点,一是本体和加热体的组分配置不合理;二是在套压成型时,本体、加热体中发热区和不发热区的粉料坯都会被压碎,面积和长度不易控制,产品中发热区和不发热区的长度,面积不准确,这两个缺点都导致电阻不准确,功率也不准确,不能进行批量生产。
发明内容
为了克服上述三种方法中钨丝易损坏、加热不均匀、不易焊接引出线、功率不稳定等缺点,本发明提出了一种新的整体式大功率陶瓷加热片及其内硬外软的制作方法。
这种大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,以氮化硅为主要原材料,其特征在于,包括绝缘陶瓷板、加热陶瓷、焊接陶瓷和外接导线,在绝缘陶瓷板的中心面上,烧结有U形布置的导电陶瓷,导电陶瓷的两端与焊接陶瓷相连,焊接陶瓷有一面露出在绝缘陶瓷板上,为焊接面,在焊接面上焊接有外接导线。下面对这几部分分别介绍如下:
1、加热陶瓷,由导电的金属粉末和不导电的非金属粉末混合而成,通过调节金属粉末与非金属粉末的比例达到调节电阻的作用,通电加热,达到设计的发热功率。
2、绝缘陶瓷板,是热容量大的绝缘复合陶瓷,强度高、耐热冲击、热稳定性高。
3、焊接陶瓷,把电能迅速传导至加热陶瓷,而本身不发热从而保护了出线端温度不高,安全接线。
4、外接导线,将金属线焊接在焊接陶瓷的露出面上,确保出线牢固、可靠。
这种大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,其陶瓷加热体由三部分不同比例的陶瓷材料组成,按重量比例如下:
1、绝缘陶瓷材料:氮化硅Si3N4,91.5-94%; 氧化镱Y2O3 ,1-3%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,0.5-1.5%;氧化镁MgO,0.2-0.5%;三氧化二镧La2O3,0.5-1%;氧化铪HfO2,0.2-0.5%,氮化铝AlN,0.5-2%,全部组分重量为100%。
2、加热陶瓷材料: 氮化硅Si3N4,40-50%,碳化钛和氮化钛的固溶体,Ti(C、N),26-35%;固溶体中碳化钛和氮化钛的重量比为4:6;钼粉Mo,0.5-3%;纳米镍Ni,0.5-1.0%;碳化铌CHNb,0.2%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化硅SiO2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3,5-10%,全部组分重量为100%。
3、焊接陶瓷材料:碳化钛TiC,60-72%;氮化硅Si3N4 ,20-30%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,5-10%; 氧化硅SiO2,0.1-0.2%,全部组分重量为100%。
这种大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片內硬外软的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
一、绝缘陶瓷材料分别用尼龙罐、氮化硅Si3N4球进行球磨,磨后进行72小时干燥,使含水量小于1%,使用无污染搅拌机混料,混料时加粘接剂,粘接剂的重量为绝缘陶瓷材料重量的15-20%,粘接剂中各组份的重量比例为:高密度聚乙烯HDPE,15%-20%;低密度聚乙烯LDPE,15%-30%;石蜡PW,20%-50%;硬质酸SA,3%;油酸,2%,全部粘接剂组分重量为100%;制柱状粒Φ3x5mm,备用;
二、使用根据客户零件要求制作的专用模具,用绝缘陶瓷材料的柱状粒通过注射机注出绝缘粉陶瓷坯体后烘干备用,注射压力142kg/cm2 ,温度190℃-250℃;
三、在加热陶瓷粉和焊接陶瓷粉中分别加入各自重量1-1.5%的聚乙二醇PEG粘接剂拌匀、烘干、造粒,用冷等静压CIP成形压成片状,脱胶后放入气压烧结炉GPS中烧结后,使用热等静压烧结炉HIP炉烧结加强、加硬,使用激光切割机切割成需要的设计尺寸的形状,得到加热陶瓷片与焊接陶瓷片;
四、把已成型好的两片绝缘陶瓷坯体、加热陶瓷片与焊接陶瓷片压合为一体进行硬化脱胶;
五、放入气压烧结炉GPS炉中烧结,最高烧结温度1750℃-1850℃;
六、再放入热等静压烧结炉HIP炉烧结,加强、加硬并成型,最高烧结温度1800℃-1820℃,压力:1500Mpa;
七、用激光切割机切割成需要的形状。
这种复合加工成形法俗称为内硬外软工艺。
这种大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片的优点是:
1、整体密度在3.4-3.6g/cm3,其中加热陶瓷密度<5 g/cm3,绝缘陶瓷密度<3.25 g/cm3,陶瓷加热片的的密度较低,有较低的热容量,可快速加热,达到1000ºC需用时间低于10秒,温度控制精确,为自控温度提供了良好条件。
2、加热陶瓷烧结为多晶体结构,发热非常均匀,热损耗非常低。
3、加热陶瓷与绝缘陶瓷、焊接陶瓷相互均匀的固溶烧结为一体,无界面,大大提高了加热片的质量,降低了出现问题的概率。
4、由于焊接陶瓷出线焊接端为矩形,焊接面较大,一般尺寸为3X1.5mm,故焊接出线非常牢固。
5、电加热体是向外发出红外长波辐射传热,本发明的发热陶瓷辐射系数大于0.9。而钨丝辐射系数仅为0.04,明显辐射热量要小。
6、烧结时绝缘陶瓷、发热陶瓷、焊接陶瓷界面清楚,但又能适当的相互侵润,电阻稳定且准确。
附图说明
图1是传统陶瓷发热片一的结构图
图2是传统陶瓷发热片二的结构图
图3是本发明的陶瓷发热片的结构图
在图1中:1、氮化硅陶瓷,2、钨丝弹簧,3、钨丝,4、焊接陶瓷,5、外接导线;
在图2中:1、钨浆料,2、陶瓷胚体;
在图3中:1、绝缘陶瓷,2、导电陶瓷,3、焊接陶瓷,4、焊接面,5、外接导线。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明详细说明如下:
这种大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,如图3所示。现例举实验室制造的三个产品说明。其陶瓷加热体由三部分不同比例的陶瓷材料组成,按重量比例如下:
实施例一,点烟器,规格90X5X4mm,500瓦,1100℃,10秒钟加工到1100℃。
1、绝缘陶瓷材料:氮化硅Si3N4,94%; 氧化镱Y2O3 ,1-3%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,0.5-1.5%;氧化镁MgO,0.2-0.5%;三氧化二镧La2O3,0.5-1%;氧化铪HfO2,0.2-0.5%,氮化铝AlN,0.5-2%,全部组分重量为100%。
2、加热陶瓷材料: 氮化硅Si3N4,45%,碳化钛和氮化钛的固溶体,Ti(C、N),26-35%;固溶体中碳化钛和氮化钛的重量比为4:6;钼粉Mo,0.5-3%;纳米镍Ni,0.5-1.0%;碳化铌CHNb,0.2%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化硅SiO2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3,5-10%,全部组分重量为100%。
3、焊接陶瓷材料:碳化钛TiC,60%;氮化硅Si3N4 ,20-30%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,5-10%; 氧化硅SiO2,0.1-0.2%,全部组分重量为100%。
这种大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片的制作方法,步骤如下:
一、绝缘陶瓷材料分别用尼龙罐、氮化硅Si3N4球进行球磨,磨后进行72小时干燥,使含水量小于1%,使用无污染搅拌机混料,混料时加粘接剂,粘接剂的重量为绝缘陶瓷材料重量的15-20%,粘接剂中各组份的重量比例为:高密度聚乙烯HDPE,15%-20%;低密度聚乙烯LDPE,15%-30%;石蜡PW,20%-50%;硬质酸SA,3%;油酸,2%;制柱状粒Φ3x5mm,备用;
二、使用根据客户零件要求制作的专用模具,用绝缘陶瓷材料的柱状粒通过注射机注出绝缘粉陶瓷坯体后烘干备用,注射压力142kg/cm2 ,温度190℃-250℃;
三、在加热陶瓷粉和焊接陶瓷粉中分别加入各自重量1-1.5%的聚乙二醇PEG粘接剂拌匀、烘干、造粒,用冷等静压CIP成形压成片状,脱胶后放入气压烧结炉GPS中烧结后,使用热等静压烧结炉HIP炉烧结加强、加硬,使用激光切割机切割成需要的设计尺寸的形状,得到加热陶瓷片与焊接陶瓷片;
四、把已成型好的两片绝缘陶瓷坯体、加热陶瓷片与焊接陶瓷片压合为一体进行硬化脱胶;
五、放入气压烧结炉GPS炉中烧结,最高烧结温度1750℃-1850℃;
六、再放入热等静压烧结炉HIP炉烧结,加强、加硬并成型,最高烧结温度1800℃-1820℃,压力:1500Mpa;
七、用激光切割机切割成需要的形状。
实施例二、干燥片,规格1200X12X4mm,600瓦,2秒钟加工到258℃,耐用度2年。三种陶瓷材料的重量比例中,
1、绝缘陶瓷材料:氮化硅Si3N4,93%; 氧化镱Y2O3 ,1-3%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,0.5-1.5%;氧化镁MgO,0.2-0.5%;三氧化二镧La2O3,0.5-1%;氧化铪HfO2,0.2-0.5%,氮化铝AlN,0.5-2%,全部组分重量为100%。
2、加热陶瓷材料: 氮化硅Si3N4,45%,碳化钛和氮化钛的固溶体,Ti(C、N),26-35%;固溶体中碳化钛和氮化钛的重量比为4:6;钼粉Mo,0.5-3%;纳米镍Ni,0.5-1.0%;碳化铌CHNb,0.2%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化硅SiO2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3,5-10%,全部组分重量为100%。
3、焊接陶瓷材料:碳化钛TiC,66%;氮化硅Si3N4 ,20-30%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,5-10%; 氧化硅SiO2,0.1-0.2%,全部组分重量为100%。
其余的工艺条件和实施例1相同。
实施例三、加热片,规格150X25X4mm,800瓦,10秒加热到1000℃。
三种陶瓷材料的重量比例中,
1、绝缘陶瓷材料:氮化硅Si3N4,91.5%; 氧化镱Y2O3 ,1-3%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,0.5-1.5%;氧化镁MgO,0.2-0.5%;三氧化二镧La2O3,0.5-1%;氧化铪HfO2,0.2-0.5%,氮化铝AlN,0.5-2%,全部组分重量为100%。
2、加热陶瓷材料: 氮化硅Si3N4,45%,碳化钛和氮化钛的固溶体,Ti(C、N),26-35%;固溶体中碳化钛和氮化钛的重量比为4:6;钼粉Mo,0.5-3%;纳米镍Ni,0.5-1.0%;碳化铌CHNb,0.2%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化硅SiO2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3,5-10%,全部组分重量为100%。
3、焊接陶瓷材料:碳化钛TiC,72%;氮化硅Si3N4 ,20-30%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,5-10%; 氧化硅SiO2,0.1-0.2%,全部组分重量为100%,其余的工艺条件和实施例1相同。

Claims (9)

1.大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,以氮化硅为主要原材料,其特征在于,包括绝缘陶瓷板、加热陶瓷、焊接陶瓷和外接导线,在绝缘陶瓷板的中心面上,烧结有U形布置的导电陶瓷,导电陶瓷的两端与焊接陶瓷相连,焊接陶瓷有一面露出在绝缘陶瓷板上,为焊接面,在焊接面上焊接有外接导线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,其特征在于,加热陶瓷,由导电的金属粉末和不导电的非金属粉末混合而成,通过调节金属粉末与非金属粉末的比例达到调节电阻的作用,通电加热,达到设计的发热功率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,其特征在于,绝缘陶瓷板,是热容量大的绝缘复合陶瓷,强度高、耐热冲击、热稳定性高。
4.根据权利要求1所述的大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,其特征在于,焊接陶瓷,把电能迅速传导至加热陶瓷,而本身不发热从而保护了出线端温度不高,安全接线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,其特征在于,外接导线,将金属线焊接在焊接陶瓷的露出面上,确保出线牢固、可靠。
6.根据权利要求1所述的大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,其特征在于,绝缘陶瓷材料按重量比例如下:氮化硅Si3N4,91.5-94%; 氧化镱Y2O3 ,1-3%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,0.5-1.5%;氧化镁MgO,0.2-0.5%;三氧化二镧La2O3,0.5-1%;氧化铪HfO2,0.2-0.5%,氮化铝AlN,0.5-2%,全部组分重量为100%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,其特征在于,加热陶瓷材料按重量比例如下: 氮化硅Si3N4,40-50%,碳化钛和氮化钛的固溶体,Ti(C、N),26-35%;固溶体中碳化钛和氮化钛的重量比为4:6;钼粉Mo,0.5-3%;纳米镍Ni,0.5-1.0%;碳化铌CHNb,0.2%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化硅SiO2 ,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3,5-10%,全部组分重量为100%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片,其特征在于,焊接陶瓷材料按重量比例如下:碳化钛TiC,60-72%;氮化硅Si3N4 ,20-30%;晶须碳化硅SiC,0.2-0.5%;硅化钼MoSi2,0.1-0.2%;氧化铝Al2O3 ,5-10%; 氧化硅SiO2,0.1-0.2%,全部组分重量为100%。
9.大功率氮化硅陶瓷加热片內硬外软的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
一、绝缘陶瓷材料分别用尼龙罐、氮化硅Si3N4球进行球磨,磨后进行72小时干燥,使含水量小于1%,使用无污染搅拌机混料,混料时加粘接剂,粘接剂的重量为绝缘陶瓷材料重量的15-20%,粘接剂中各组份的重量比例为:高密度聚乙烯HDPE,15%-20%;低密度聚乙烯LDPE,15%-30%;石蜡PW,20%-50%;硬质酸SA,3%;油酸,2%,全部粘接剂组分重量为100%;制柱状粒Φ3x5mm,备用;
二、使用根据客户零件要求制作的专用模具,用绝缘陶瓷材料的柱状粒通过注射机注出绝缘粉陶瓷坯体后烘干备用,注射压力142kg/cm2 ,温度190℃-250℃;
三、在加热陶瓷粉和焊接陶瓷粉中分别加入各自重量1-1.5%的聚乙二醇PEG粘接剂拌匀、烘干、造粒,用冷等静压CIP成形压成片状,脱胶后放入气压烧结炉GPS中烧结后,使用热等静压烧结炉HIP炉烧结加强、加硬,使用激光切割机切割成需要的设计尺寸的形状,得到加热陶瓷片与焊接陶瓷片;
四、把已成型好的两片绝缘陶瓷坯体、加热陶瓷片与焊接陶瓷片压合为一体进行硬化脱胶;
五、放入气压烧结炉GPS炉中烧结,最高烧结温度1750℃-1850℃;
六、再放入热等静压烧结炉HIP炉烧结,加强、加硬并成型,最高烧结温度1800℃-1820℃,压力:1500Mpa;
七、用激光切割机切割成需要的形状。
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