CN107046367A - 开关调节器 - Google Patents

开关调节器 Download PDF

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CN107046367A
CN107046367A CN201710057480.9A CN201710057480A CN107046367A CN 107046367 A CN107046367 A CN 107046367A CN 201710057480 A CN201710057480 A CN 201710057480A CN 107046367 A CN107046367 A CN 107046367A
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comparator
circuit
switching regulaor
signal
power fet
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CN107046367B (zh
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河野明大
后藤克也
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Seiko Instruments Inc
Ablic Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1566—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供开关调节器，该开关调节器的消耗电流较少并且不牺牲效率。本发明的开关调节器构成为具有计时电路，在轻负载模式的情况下通过计时电路减少比较器的动作电流。

Description

开关调节器
技术领域
本发明涉及开关调节器，尤其涉及在轻负载时减少消耗电流的技术。
背景技术
电子设备要求低耗电。尤其是智能手机、便携设备、可佩带设备等由于是电池驱动而更强烈地要求低耗电。开关调节器被用作各种电子设备的电压供给源。开关调节器具有以下这样的要求：即使从输出端子向负载供给的电流从低电流到大电流大幅度地变化，也要维持较高的效率。
图6是以往的开关调节器的电路图。以往的开关调节器600由反馈电阻7、8、基准电压电路6、比较器60、R-S触发电路62、导通时间控制电路61、输出控制电路63、驱动电路64、功率FET2、电感器3、肖特基二极管4以及电容器5构成(例如参照专利文献1)。
在从输出端子OUT连续地流过负载电流的重负载模式下，功率FET2和肖特基二极管4交替地反复导通和截止以符合输出电压VOUT与电源电压VIN之比。在该重负载模式下，功率FET2和肖特基二极管4成为开关调节器600中主要消耗电力的部分。
因此，开关调节器600通过减小功率FET2的导通电阻，并减小肖特基二极管4的前馈电压Vf，能够实现低消耗电力和高效率。
【专利文献1】：美国专利第8476887号说明书
然而，在从输出端子OUT不连续地流过负载电流的轻负载模式下，比较器60的电力消耗成为主要的电力损失。
一般而言，比较器60通常消耗几uA量级～几十uA量级的电流。因此，在从输出端子OUT流过的负载电流为1uA以下或几uA的轻负载模式下，很难维持较高的效率。
另外，在减小比较器60的消耗电流的情况下，由于延迟增大，因此存在输出电压VOUT的脉动电压增大的课题。
发明内容
为了解决以往的课题，本发明的开关调节器是以下这样的结构。
一种开关调节器，其特征在于，该开关调节器具有：
比较器，其对基准电压和反馈电压进行比较；
导通时间控制电路，其控制功率FET的导通时间；
R-S触发电路，其根据所述比较器的信号和所述导通时间控制电路的信号来输出控制所述功率FET的信号；以及
计时电路，其接收控制所述功率FET的信号，对规定的时间进行计数，
所述计时电路在所述功率FET导通时开始计数，在经过所述规定的时间后输出计数结束信号，
所述比较器在接收到所述计数结束信号后将动作电流切换到低消耗电流模式。
根据本发明的开关调节器，具有计时电路，在轻负载模式的情况下通过计时电路减少比较器的动作电流，因此，能够减少消耗电流而不牺牲效率。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的第1实施方式的开关调节器的一例的电路图。
图2是表示本发明的第1实施方式的开关调节器的另一例的电路图。
图3是表示本发明的第2实施方式的开关调节器的一例的电路图。
图4是表示本发明的开关调节器的轻负载模式时的节点SW的电压和计时电路的输出信号的时序图。
图5是表示本发明的开关调节器的重负载模式时的节点SW的电压和计时电路的输出信号的时序图。
图6是以往的开关调节器的电路图的一例。
标号说明
10、20、21：比较器；11：导通时间控制电路；12：R-S触发电路；13、33：输出控制电路；15：计时电路；30：反向电流检测电路。
具体实施方式
图1是表示本发明的第1实施方式的开关调节器的一例的电路图。
本实施方式的开关调节器100具有功率FET2、电感器3、肖特基二极管4、电容器5、基准电压电路6、反馈电阻7、8、比较器10、导通时间控制电路11、R-S触发电路12、输出控制电路13、驱动电路14以及计时电路15。
反馈电阻7、8连接在输出端子OUT与GND端子之间。比较器10的输入端子与反馈电阻7、8的输出端子和基准电压电路6连接。R-S触发电路12的设置端子S被输入比较器10的输出电压，重置端子R与导通时间控制电路11的输出端子连接，输出端子Q与导通时间控制电路11的输入端子和输出控制电路13的输入端子连接。驱动电路14的输入端子与输出控制电路13的输出端子连接，输出端子与功率FET2的栅极连接。功率FET2的源极与输入端子IN连接，漏极与电感器3的一个端子和肖特基二极管4的阴极连接。输出端子OUT与电感器3的另一个端子和电容器5的一个端子连接。肖特基二极管4的另一个端子与GND端子连接。电容器5的另一个端子与GND端子连接。
接着，对本实施方式的开关调节器100的动作进行说明。
在输入端子IN被输入电压后，开关调节器100从输出端子OUT输出输出电压VOUT。反馈电阻7、8对输出电压VOUT进行分压并输出反馈电压VFB。基准电压电路6输出基准电压VREF。比较器10输出对反馈电压VFB和基准电压VREF的电压进行比较而得到的信号。导通时间控制电路11输出用于根据R-S触发电路12的输出信号确定功率FET2导通的时间的信号。R-S触发电路12和输出控制电路13根据比较器10的输出信号和导通时间控制电路11的输出信号生成高侧的功率FET2的驱动信号，经由驱动电路14输出到功率FET2的栅极。
当输出电压VOUT下降而使反馈电压VFB小于基准电压VREF时，比较器10向R-S触发电路12的设置端子S输出设置信号。R-S触发电路12向输出端子Q输出高电平的信号。输出控制电路13输出低电平的信号，经由驱动电路14控制功率FET2的栅极使其导通。导通时间控制电路11接收R-S触发电路12的输出端子Q的高电平的信号，在规定的时间后向R-S触发电路12的重置端子R输出高电平的重置信号。R-S触发电路12向输出端子Q输出低电平的信号。输出控制电路13输出高电平的信号，经由驱动电路14控制功率FET2的栅极使其截止。
开关调节器100反复进行该动作，从输出端子OUT输出期望的输出电压VOUT。
计时电路15接收功率FET2导通的输出控制电路13的低电平的信号而开始计数。接着，计时电路15在经过规定时间后结束计数时，向比较器10输出信号。比较器10在接收到计时电路15的信号后，转移到低消耗电流动作。计时电路15在经过规定时间前接收到输出控制电路13的低电平的信号时，计数器被重置而再次开始计数。因此，比较器10继续通常电流动作而不转移到低消耗电流动作。
本实施方式的开关调节器100具有如上所述进行动作的计时电路15，因此，在重负载等通常的动作中，比较器10以高速动作状态的通常电流进行动作，在成为轻负载的动作后，比较器10以低消耗电流进行动作。因此，本实施方式的开关调节器100能够减少消耗电流而不牺牲效率。
另外，计时电路15在功率FET2导通的时刻开始计数即可，被输入的信号不限于输出控制电路13的信号。
图2是表示本发明的第1实施方式的开关调节器的另一例的电路图。
在图1中，比较器10构成为利用计时电路15输出的信号，对通常电流和低消耗电流的动作进行切换。本实施方式的开关调节器200具有以通常电流进行动作的比较器20、以低消耗电流进行动作的比较器21以及开关电路22，以代替比较器10。
当计时电路15没有结束计数并且开关调节器200进行重负载等通常的动作时，比较器20进行动作。此时，比较器21停止动作，开关电路22将比较器20的输出端子与R-S触发电路12的设置端子S连接。
当计时电路15在经过规定时间后输出计数结束信号时，停止比较器20的动作，开始比较器21的动作，开关电路22将比较器21的输出端子与R-S触发电路12的设置端子S连接。
这样构成的本实施方式的开关调节器200与开关调节器100相同，能够减少消耗电流而不牺牲效率。
并且，开关调节器200分别具有以通常电流进行动作的比较器20和以低消耗电流进行动作的比较器21，因此具有以下这样的效果：即使增大通常电流与低消耗电流之差，比较器的设计也很容易。
另外，在以上的说明中，比较器21是在通常的动作下停止动作，但也可以是，比较器21始终进行动作。这样，不需要用于使比较器21动作的时间，因此，能够很快地从通常动作切换到低消耗电流动作。另外，在通常的动作中，比较器21的消耗电流非常小，因此，不影响电路整体的消耗电流。
因此，本实施方式的开关调节器200能够减少消耗电流而不牺牲效率。
另外，将本实施方式的开关调节器的计时电路15适用于同步整流型的开关调节器也可实现相同的效果。
图3是表示本发明的第2实施方式的开关调节器的一例的电路图。
本实施方式的开关调节器300为同步整流型的开关调节器。
开关调节器300还具有输出控制电路33、驱动电路34、低侧的功率FET32以及反向电流检测电路30。反向电流检测电路30监视节点SW的电压，对在轻负载时流过电感器3的电流变成与重负载时相反朝向的电流进行检测，将检测信号输出到输出控制电路33。反向电流检测电路30还被输入计时电路15的计数结束信号来控制动作电流。
由于开关调节器300的动作与通常的同步整流型的开关调节器相同，因此省略。
在通过输出控制电路33输出的信号，计时电路15开始计数动作时，反向电流检测电路30接收该信号而使动作电流变为通常的动作电流，进行反向电流检测动作。接着，在计时电路15输出计数结束信号时，由于此时不需要反向电流检测动作，因此能够减少动作电流或者使其为零。
由于具有这样构成的反向电流检测电路30，因此，开关调节器300能够进一步减少消耗电流。
图4是表示轻负载模式时的节点SW的电压和计时电路的输出信号的时序图。
计时电路15在功率FET2导通的时刻T1开始计数，在规定的时间(T2-T1)内结束计数，输出变为低电平。
图5是表示重负载模式时的节点SW的电压和计时电路的输出信号的时序图。
计时电路15在功率FET2导通的时刻T1开始计数，由于在规定的时间(T2-T1)内结束计数之前被重置，因此，输出维持高电平而不结束计数。
如以上说明的那样，根据本发明的开关调节器，具有计时电路，在轻负载模式的情况下通过计时电路减少比较器的动作电流，因此，能够减少消耗电流而不牺牲效率。

Claims (3)

1.一种开关调节器，其特征在于，该开关调节器具有：
比较器，其对基准电压和反馈电压进行比较；
导通时间控制电路，其控制功率FET的导通时间；
R-S触发电路，其根据所述比较器的信号和所述导通时间控制电路的信号来输出控制所述功率FET的信号；以及
计时电路，其接收控制所述功率FET的信号，对规定的时间进行计数，
所述计时电路在所述功率FET导通时开始计数，在经过所述规定的时间后输出计数结束信号，
所述比较器在接收到所述计数结束信号后将动作电流切换到低消耗电流模式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的开关调节器，其特征在于，
所述比较器具有：
第1比较器，其由通常的动作电流驱动；
第2比较器，其由比通常的动作电流小的动作电流驱动；以及
开关电路，其切换所述第1比较器的输出端子和所述第2比较器的输出端子而将其连接到所述R-S触发电路的输入端子，
在接收到所述计数结束信号后，所述第1比较器被停止动作电流的供给，所述开关电路将所述第2比较器的输出端子与所述R-S触发电路的输入端子连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的开关调节器，其特征在于，
所述开关调节器是具有反向电流检测电路的同步整流型的开关调节器，
所述反向电流检测电路在接收到所述计数结束信号后被停止动作电流的供给。
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