CN1070452C - 冷冻集装箱装置 - Google Patents

冷冻集装箱装置 Download PDF

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CN1070452C
CN1070452C CN97192978A CN97192978A CN1070452C CN 1070452 C CN1070452 C CN 1070452C CN 97192978 A CN97192978 A CN 97192978A CN 97192978 A CN97192978 A CN 97192978A CN 1070452 C CN1070452 C CN 1070452C
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cooling air
plate
fridge equipment
gauge elements
container
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CN1213352A (zh
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N·拉松
G·维斯特霍尔姆
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00Large containers
    • B65D88/02Large containers rigid
    • B65D88/10Large containers rigid parallelepipedic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00Large containers
    • B65D88/74Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/745Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents blowing or injecting heating, cooling or other conditioning fluid inside the container
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/02Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
    • F25D3/06Movable containers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2331/00Details or arrangements of other cooling or freezing apparatus not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2331/80Type of cooled receptacles
    • F25D2331/804Boxes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)
  • Refrigerator Housings (AREA)

Abstract

一个冷藏式货物集装箱(1),包括一个隔热的、大致为平行六面体的外壳,该外壳有一个顶板(2),两个侧板(5)和两个端板(5、6),以及一个底(7)。在所述一个端板(5)与所述顶板(2)之间的转角处装有一个带有冰室(10)的制冷装置。在冰室(10)周围有流通通道(12),用于容纳制冷空气,以便通过风扇装置使该制冷空气流动。挨着所述集装箱顶板(2)设有一个内顶(14),二者之间有一个间隙,并由该间隙构成从所述制冷装置中流出的制冷空气的通道。内顶(14)止于距所述侧板和端板(6)一定距离处,端板(6)与安装所述制冷装置处的端板相对。

Description

冷冻集装箱装置
本发明涉及运送杂货的集装箱,特别是涉及冷冻或冷却杂货的集装箱。本发明尤其涉及用于在所述集装箱中分配冷却空气的新型装置。
特别是在空运时,为了保持冷冻或冷藏杂货的温度,采用具有某种类型制冷装置或类似装置的隔热集装箱。出于实际考虑,优选把所谓干冰用作制冷介质,当然,这种介质也有其局限,但对于大部分应用来说有足够的操作时间,而且,在此期间不能有任何停顿。
这种类型集装箱中的制冷装置可以装在从底板至顶板的整个范围内。无论其位置如何,所述冰室周围有一定的间隙或间隙通道,该间隙位于所述冰室与周围的隔热板之间,其一部分是由所述集装箱壁构成。所述制冷空气可以在所述间隙中循环,其中,正常情况下由金属板制成的冰室壁起着交换件的作用,在所述循环空气与冰室之间起着冷交换的作用。通过一个设在集装箱外侧的口可将干冰放入所述冰室中,并有一个短的通道从该口延伸到所述冰室中。
上述集装箱的问题之一是,为了保持所有杂货的理想温度,如何实现制冷空气的流动以使所述冷均匀分布于所述集装箱中杂货周围。在传统集装箱中,对流经货物的空气流的控制是相当随机的,它会导致大部分制冷空气是接近安装冰室的板流动。所需要的是让制冷空气以尽可能均匀的分布状态在所有的壁板与货物之间流动。以这种方式用一个制冷空气罩包围所述货物,以便保持其冷度。因此,无须让制冷空气在构成杂货的不同包装之间流动,但重要的是不发生热辐射或向所述部分传热。如上文所述,这一目的是通过在集装箱中整个货物的周围形成温度与货物相同或较低的气罩实现的。
本发明的目的在于克服上述问题,并满足所述要求。这一目的是用权利要求书所述的装置实现的,从所述权利要求书还可以看出本发明的特征。
下面将结合附图对本发明做更详细地说明
图1是由本发明装置构成的冷藏式集装箱的投影图,
图2是用于控制冷空气在集装箱中流动的本发明装置的分解构架图,
图3是图1所示集装箱的剖视图,和
图4是图1和3所示集装箱的中部示意性纵剖视图,制冷空气的流通途径用箭头表示。
图1中示出的是集装箱1的一种实施方案,它具有普通的常规形状,并由隔热良好的平行六面体外壳构成,该外壳具有一个顶板2,一对侧板3、4,一对端板5、6,和一个底板7。端板之一6由一对口或孔构成,可经过该孔放入或从集装箱1中取出货物(通常为杂货)。在端板5的侧板之一3的室8上设有开口,其中装有用于循环制冷空气的装置。其中,具有蓄电池组,由它为用于制冷空气的循环风扇9供能,并为未示出的恒温装置供能,由该恒温装置监测集装箱1内部的温度,并决定连通和切断循环风扇9。所述室8的位置只与方便与否有关,而且,其位置对本发明的影响不明显。
尽管本发明主要涉及用于空运冷冻或冷藏杂货的集装箱,但应当理解的是,也可将其用在其它类型运输的集装箱上。
集装箱1是由分立的元件组成,所以,每一个板都构成一个装置,顶板和底板也是如此,这样做的原因是为了在出现损坏或其它问题时容易更换元件。
在本发明的实施方案中,集装箱1的制冷装置包括一个冰室10,安装在端板5和顶板2上,并分布于侧板3和4之间。可通过端板5上的孔11从集装箱1的外侧将冰放入冰室10中。制冷空气的流通通道12环绕冰室10设置,该通道位于冰室10与隔热板13之间,以一定倾角实施,并位于相邻的容器壁5和顶板2之间,这种结构是常见的。
为了实现前言部分提到的制冷空气在容器1中的均匀流动,使内部顶板14与容器顶板2的内侧相隔很小的间距安装。内部顶板14由分布于侧板3、4之间的隔板15延伸,并由顶板2向下延伸一段距离,超过冰室10底部的位置,并距板13有一定距离。隔板15的上缘设有槽16,以使制冷空气从制冷装置流入集装箱顶板2与内部顶板14之间的间隙。如图所示,由呈扇形分布的纵向梁17将内部顶板14与顶板12连接在一起,由它形成经槽16进入的制冷空气流通通道。内部顶板14不能完全延伸到板3、4、6,但留有一个间隙,制冷空气可通过该间隙沿所述板流出和向下流。
在侧板3、4的内侧,垂直梁或隔距元件18彼此之间以规则的间距设置。这样做除了构成对所述板的保护,使其不受容器1中的货物破坏之外,还可以防止货物紧贴所述板包装。供来自内顶14和板3、4和6之间的缝隙的制冷空气从上向下流的通道设置在隔距元件18、所述板和货物之间。集装箱1中的货物被堆集成垛之类的形状,在货物和底板7之间留有间隙的原因是,可使向下流动的制冷空气集中,进一步循环流动。正常情况下不能有货物贴着集装箱门放置,不在这里设置隔距元件的原因是,让制冷空气可以在那里自由地向下流动。
在隔板15的下端有密封条19,伸向集装箱空间。货物贴着该隔板码放,该隔板可以是隔热的,通过其后面的制冷空气保持其冷却,并贴着其密封条19。隔板15及由密封条19贴着货物形成的密封可以防止制冷空气被直接吸入风扇9。如果没有这种结构,制冷空气将可以从内顶14周围的缝隙流出,并从货物上面直接流入风扇9,而不能产生上文所述的分布。现在强制所述制冷空气在开放的间隙或通道中流动,该通道特别存在于货物和所述板与底板之间。然而,使用隔板15可以防止其在货物与顶板14之间的流动,正如上文所述。这意味着制冷空气是根据需要流动,即围绕货物周围。
但让制冷空气以要求的方式向下流动毕竟较为简单。不过,使制冷空气在流向抽风机19中途中散开是相当困难的,为此,在端板5内侧与孔6相对处设有若干水平的梁或隔距元件20,它以距相应的侧板3、4一定距离处延伸并位于端板5上方。大致在端板5的中部,去掉一部分隔距元件20,以形成制冷空气从底板向上流向风扇9的流通途径。在隔距元件20位于侧板3、4的端部设有矩的横向部分21,由它形成尺寸界限或设在隔距元件20之间的通道的入口限制。横向部分21大致位于隔板15的正前方。这意味着流过集装箱底板7上面的制冷空气被强制分布于不同入口之间,并因此流过形成于货物、端板5和隔距元件20、21间的通道的端板50环绕贴着所有外壁3、4、5和6的货物的上述方式的流动可以在集装箱1中产生良好的冷却效果。
就环绕冰室10的空气流动而言,具有常见的未示出的板和通道,引导空气在冰室10周围的交叉通道中流动,在这里它被冷却,并流向槽16和从内顶14上方流出。
本发明还可以与图中所示不同的方式实现。因此,按照本发明,重要的是迫使制冷空气绕集装货物沿所有方向流动,防止制冷空气寻找通过部分集装货物的通道。因此,本发明的范围是由所附权利要求限定的。

Claims (6)

1.一种冷藏式货物集装箱的装置,包括一个隔热的大致为平行六面体的外壳,该外壳有一个顶板(2)、两个侧板(3、4)、两个端板(5、6),其中之一上设有至少一个口或孔,以及一个底板(7),以便将一个带有冰室(10)的制冷装置设置贴着所述端板之一(5)和顶板(2)设置,围绕着该制冷装置设置有制冷空气的流动通道,以便用所安装的风扇(9)控制制冷空气的循环,并贴着所述容器顶板(2)设有一个内顶(14),二者之间有一个间隙,该间隙构成供制冷空气流出所述制冷装置的流通途径,所述内顶止于距所述侧板(3、4)内侧一定距离处,并由所述端板之一(6)形成制冷空气的流出口,其特征在于有一个隔板(15)分布在所述侧板(3、4)之间,并由所述顶板(2)延伸到位于所述制冷装置下部的某一位置,并距所述制冷装置一定距离,而且,在隔板(15)的上部有一个口(16)用于让制冷空气由此流至上述内顶(14)上的间隙,而且所述隔板(15)的下端有一个通向所述集装箱空间的密封条(19)。
2.如权利要求1的装置,其特征在于在所述内顶(14)上设有纵向梁(17),由其形成制冷空气的流通通道。
3.如权利要求2的装置,其特征在于所述纵向梁(17)呈扇形分布,以便分配由槽(16)进入的制冷空气。
4.如权利要求1的装置,其特征在于至少所述侧板之一设有垂直的隔距元件(18),而且,位于所述制冷装置处的端板(5)设有水平的隔距元件(20)。
5.如权利要求4的装置,其特征在于所述水平隔距元件(20)由位于相应的侧板(3、4)上的相当于所述隔板(15)的位置的位置上延伸,而且,将所述隔距元件的一部分除去,以形成制冷空气从底板(7)流至所述制冷装置的通道。
6.如权利要求4的装置,其特征在于所述水平隔距元件(20)的外侧末端具有横向部分(21)。
CN97192978A 1996-01-23 1997-01-21 冷冻集装箱装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1070452C (zh)

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SE96002407 1996-01-23
SE9600240A SE508482C2 (sv) 1996-01-23 1996-01-23 Arrangemang vid kylcontainer

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DE (1) DE69709909T2 (zh)
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ATE211455T1 (de) 2002-01-15
RU2177126C2 (ru) 2001-12-20
JP2000504100A (ja) 2000-04-04
BR9707186A (pt) 1999-03-23
AU715348B2 (en) 2000-01-20
SE508482C2 (sv) 1998-10-12
AU1562397A (en) 1997-08-20
CA2243475A1 (en) 1997-07-31
DE69709909D1 (de) 2002-02-28
KR19990081856A (ko) 1999-11-15
SE9600240L (sv) 1997-07-24
EP0961742A1 (en) 1999-12-08
NZ326927A (en) 2000-01-28
WO1997027128A1 (en) 1997-07-31
DE69709909T2 (de) 2002-08-22
SE9600240D0 (sv) 1996-01-23
NO983199L (no) 1998-09-23
HK1021966A1 (en) 2000-07-21
CN1213352A (zh) 1999-04-07
EP0961742B1 (en) 2002-01-02
US6016664A (en) 2000-01-25

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