CN107034696A - 一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺 - Google Patents

一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺 Download PDF

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CN107034696A
CN107034696A CN201710292983.4A CN201710292983A CN107034696A CN 107034696 A CN107034696 A CN 107034696A CN 201710292983 A CN201710292983 A CN 201710292983A CN 107034696 A CN107034696 A CN 107034696A
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韩鹏
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361 Degrees China Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,包括前处理、染色处理和后处理,染色处理具体为:采用喷枪,在羊毛织物表面均匀地喷涂混合染料,将涂抹有混合染料的羊毛织物转移至无光照的染色处理室中,悬挂在加热的醋酸溶液的上方,静置,自然冷却后,取出羊毛织物,即完成羊毛织物的染色处理;其中,混合染料的原料为:酸性染料,表面活性剂,渗透剂和去离子水;混合染料的制备过程为:将酸性染料、表面活性剂、渗透剂和去离子水依次放入搅拌机中搅拌,得到混合染料;本发明羊毛织物染色处理工艺,耗能少,节约水,羊毛织物的色牢度高、染色均匀。

Description

一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一般纺织品染色领域,具体涉及一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺。
背景技术
羊毛是高档的天然蛋白质纤维,具有柔和的光泽、优良的弹性,丰满的手感及良好的保暖性、耐磨性和吸湿性。但是羊毛纤维上存在疏水性外表皮层和致密的鳞片层,使染料上染和向内部扩散受到阻碍,所以羊毛染色一般需要经高温长时间处理才能达到要求,这样不仅消耗大量的能源,而且造成羊毛泛黄,影响手感、鲜艳度及光泽,对羊毛纤维的品质造成不良影响。目前,常用添加酶制剂、使用活性染料和使用酸性染料降低羊毛织物的染色温度和染色时间。其中,添加酶制剂主要为蛋白酶,虽然有效的降低了染色温度,但是对羊毛纤维损伤很大、且影响手感;活性染料虽然对羊毛纤维有一定的保护作用,但是固色需大量的盐和碱,且染色过程中活性染料容易发生水解,使染料利用率降低,而且未经处理排放染色残液,会造成严重的环境污染;酸性染料颜色鲜艳、色谱齐全、匀染性好,分子量较小易渗透,广泛应用在羊毛织物染色,但是存在染料与纤维间氢键和范德华力较弱,染色较慢的问题。同时,目前羊毛织物主要染色方式使浸染,为使染色均匀,浸染过程需多次加入染料,染料利用率低、能耗大、废水多。
中国专利CN201510949503.8公开了一种羊毛染色处理工艺,工艺为:将染料放入水中,调节pH值,加入羊毛,浸染,然后快速升温至45℃,加入漂染剂,保温,再升温至70℃,保温;将羊毛取出清洗干净,然后将羊毛放入水中,调节pH值,升温至60℃,保温;洗净,加入柔软剂,升温至30℃,保温。但是该专利程序复杂,并且耗能、费水。
因此,为解决上述问题,本发明羊毛织物染色处理工艺,耗能少,节约水,羊毛织物的色牢度高、染色均匀。
发明内容
本发明针对上述问题,提供一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案是:一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,包括前处理、染色处理和后处理,染色处理具体为:采用喷枪,在羊毛织物表面均匀地喷涂混合染料,将涂抹有混合染料的羊毛织物转移至无光照的染色处理室中,悬挂在加热的醋酸溶液的上方垂直距离为2m~3m处,静置2h~4h,自然冷却后,取出羊毛织物,即完成羊毛织物的染色处理;其中,混合染料的原料及其质量百分数为:酸性染料70%~85%,表面活性剂1%~4%,渗透剂2%~8%,去离子水10%~20%;
其中,采用喷枪在羊毛织物表面喷涂的染料质量是羊毛织物上色所需的量,对比浸染需要羊毛织物质量20倍~50倍的染液,减少了染料和水的浪费,同时喷枪使羊毛织物表面的混合染料涂抹均匀,促使后续羊毛织物上色均匀;醋酸溶液加热后,醋酸分子和水分子分布在密闭的染色室中,羊毛织物表面的混合染料和醋酸分子、水分子相溶扩散至羊毛织物内部,完成染色;冷却后的气体分子液化,在重力的作用下落回醋酸溶液中,如此循环,实现减少耗能,节约水的用量。
进一步地,喷枪的喷嘴直径为15mm或18mm或20mm。
进一步地,混合染料的质量为羊毛织物质量的0.2倍~0.4倍。
进一步地,醋酸溶液的浓度为0.5mol/L~1mol/L。
进一步地,加热的醋酸溶液的温度为80℃~100℃。
进一步地,酸性染料为:双偶氮类酸性染料或蒽醌类酸性染料;
其中,双偶氮类酸性染料和蒽醌类酸性染料色牢度好,在羊毛织物中渗透性好,在醋酸的作用下,加快染色速率,使染色均匀。
进一步地,表面活性剂为:N-酰基谷氨酸和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵以质量比1:0.5~1.5混合的混合物。
进一步地,渗透剂为:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀酸辛脂磺酸钠以质量比1:1~2混合的混合物。
进一步地,混合染料的制备过程,具体为:将所述质量百分数的酸性染料、表面活性剂、渗透剂和去离子水依次放入搅拌机中搅拌20min~40min,得到混合染料。
进一步地,搅拌机的转速为40r/min~60r/min。
本发明的优点是:
1.本发明羊毛织物染色工艺,耗能少,节约水;其中,采用喷枪在羊毛织物表面喷涂的染料质量是羊毛织物上色所需的量,对比浸染需要羊毛织物质量20倍~50倍的染液,减少了染料和水的浪费,同时喷枪使羊毛织物表面的混合染料涂抹均匀,促使后续羊毛织物上色均匀;醋酸溶液加热后,醋酸分子和水分子分布在密闭的染色室中,羊毛织物表面的混合染料和醋酸分子、水分子相溶扩散至羊毛织物内部,完成染色;冷却后的气体分子液化,在重力的作用下落回醋酸溶液中,如此循环,实现减少耗能,节约水的用量;
2.本发明染色的羊毛织物,色牢度高,染色均匀;其中,双偶氮类酸性染料和蒽醌类酸性染料色牢度好,在羊毛织物中渗透性好,在醋酸的作用下,加快染色速率,使染色均匀。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例进行详细说明,但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
实施例1
一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,包括前处理、染色处理和后处理,染色处理具体为:采用喷嘴直径为15mm的喷枪,在羊毛织物表面均匀地喷涂其质量的0.2倍的混合染料,将涂抹有混合染料的羊毛织物转移至无光照的染色处理室中,悬挂在加热的浓度为0.5mol/L醋酸溶液的上方垂直距离为2m处,静置2h,自然冷却后,取出羊毛织物,即完成羊毛织物的染色处理;其中,混合染料的原料及其质量百分数为:双偶氮类酸性染料70%,N-酰基谷氨酸2.67%,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵1.33%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚4%,琥珀酸辛脂磺酸钠4%,去离子水18%;其中,加热的醋酸溶液的温度为80℃;混合染料的制备过程,具体为:将所述质量百分数的酸性染料、表面活性剂、渗透剂和去离子水依次放入以转速40r/min工作的搅拌机中搅拌20min,得到混合染料。
实施例2
一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,包括前处理、染色处理和后处理,染色处理具体为:采用喷嘴直径为18mm的喷枪,在羊毛织物表面均匀地喷涂其质量的0.3倍的混合染料,将涂抹有混合染料的羊毛织物转移至无光照的染色处理室中,悬挂在加热的浓度为0.6mol/L醋酸溶液的上方垂直距离为2.4m处,静置2.5h,自然冷却后,取出羊毛织物,即完成羊毛织物的染色处理;其中,混合染料的原料及其质量百分数为:双偶氮类酸性染料75%,N-酰基谷氨酸1.67%,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵1.33%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚0.87%,琥珀酸辛脂磺酸钠1.13%,去离子水20%;其中,加热的醋酸溶液的温度为90℃;混合染料的制备过程,具体为:将所述质量百分数的酸性染料、表面活性剂、渗透剂和去离子水依次放入以转速45r/min工作的搅拌机中搅拌25min,得到混合染料。
实施例3
一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,包括前处理、染色处理和后处理,染色处理具体为:采用喷嘴直径为20mm的喷枪,在羊毛织物表面均匀地喷涂其质量的0.4倍的混合染料,将涂抹有混合染料的羊毛织物转移至无光照的染色处理室中,悬挂在加热的浓度为0.8mol/L醋酸溶液的上方垂直距离为2.8m处,静置3h,自然冷却后,取出羊毛织物,即完成羊毛织物的染色处理;其中,混合染料的原料及其质量百分数为:蒽醌类酸性染料80%,N-酰基谷氨酸0.91%,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵1.09%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚2.31%,琥珀酸辛脂磺酸钠3.69%,去离子水12%;其中,加热的醋酸溶液的温度为100℃;混合染料的制备过程,具体为:将所述质量百分数的酸性染料、表面活性剂、渗透剂和去离子水依次放入以转速50r/min工作的搅拌机中搅拌30min,得到混合染料。
实施例4
一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,包括前处理、染色处理和后处理,染色处理具体为:采用喷嘴直径为20mm的喷枪,在羊毛织物表面均匀地喷涂其质量的0.4倍的混合染料,将涂抹有混合染料的羊毛织物转移至无光照的染色处理室中,悬挂在加热的浓度为1mol/L醋酸溶液的上方垂直距离为3m处,静置4h,自然冷却后,取出羊毛织物,即完成羊毛织物的染色处理;其中,混合染料的原料及其质量百分数为:蒽醌类酸性染料85%,N-酰基谷氨酸0.4%,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵0.6%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1.33%,琥珀酸辛脂磺酸钠2.67%,去离子水10%;其中,加热的醋酸溶液的温度为100℃;混合染料的制备过程,具体为:将所述质量百分数的酸性染料、表面活性剂、渗透剂和去离子水依次放入以转速60r/min工作的搅拌机中搅拌40min,得到混合染料。
实验例1
对实施例1~4节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺染色的羊毛织物的节水性能、色牢度和染色均匀性进行测试,测试结果如表1所示。
节水性能测试:将浸染工艺中每千克羊毛织物耗水量作为对照组,将实施例1~4节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺每千克羊毛织物耗水量作为实验组,对比得出节水量。
色牢度测试:按GB/T5713~2013方式测试涤纶雪纺的耐水色牢度,按GB/T3920~2008方式测试涤纶雪纺的耐摩擦色牢度,按GB/T3922~1995方式测试耐汗渍色牢度。
染色均匀性测试:在实施例1~4染色的羊毛织物上随机选取10个点,采用色差仪测试色差值ΔE,根据数学统计原理,计算标准方差ΔS,用它来表征染色织物的匀染性,标准方差越小,则匀染性越好。
表1节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺的性能测试数据
结果:对照组每千克羊毛织物耗水量为8kg~10kg,实施例1~4节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺每千克羊毛织物耗水量为4kg~6kg;实施例1~4染色的羊毛织物的耐水色牢度为5级,耐摩擦色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度均为4级;ΔS为0.19~0.23。
结论:本发明节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺节水性能好,每千克羊毛织物节水量为2kg~4kg;色牢度高,色差值的标准方差均小于0.5,说明均染性较好。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,包括前处理、染色处理和后处理,其特征在于,所述染色处理具体为:采用喷枪,在羊毛织物表面均匀地喷涂混合染料,将涂抹有混合染料的羊毛织物转移至无光照的染色处理室中,悬挂在加热的醋酸溶液的上方垂直距离为2m~3m处,静置2h~4h,自然冷却后,取出羊毛织物,即完成羊毛织物的染色处理;其中,所述混合染料的原料及其质量百分数为:酸性染料70%~85%,表面活性剂1%~4%,渗透剂2%~8%,去离子水10%~20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述喷枪的喷嘴直径为15mm或18mm或20mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述混合染料的质量为羊毛织物质量的0.2倍~0.4倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述醋酸溶液的浓度为0.5mol/L~1mol/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述加热的醋酸溶液的温度为80℃~100℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述酸性染料为:双偶氮类酸性染料或蒽醌类酸性染料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为:N-酰基谷氨酸和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵以质量比1:0.5~1.5混合的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述渗透剂为:脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和琥珀酸辛脂磺酸钠以质量比1:1~2混合的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述混合染料的制备过程,具体为:将所述质量百分数的酸性染料、表面活性剂、渗透剂和去离子水依次放入搅拌机中搅拌20min~40min,得到混合染料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的节水低耗羊毛织物染色工艺,其特征在于,所述搅拌机的转速为40r/min~60r/min。
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