CN107029060A - 治疗中风的瑶药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗中风的瑶药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻10‑80份、半枫荷10‑80份、千斤拔10‑80份、五爪风10‑80份、走马胎10‑80份、扁担藤10‑80份、九节风10‑80份、葛根10‑80份、朱砂根10‑50份、广西海风藤10‑50份、豆豉姜10‑50份及夏枯草5‑40份。本发明全方配伍精当,具有疏风、除痰、活血、通络之功效,加热水泡浴用于中风络脉空虚,风邪入中证及中风后遗症。全方打药为主,兼具风打,祛邪而不伤正,充分体现了瑶医风亏打盈、平衡盈亏的思想。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及瑶药技术领域,尤其涉及一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
中风又名“卒中”,“风”含有来势快,变化多、晕仆等意思。本病以猝然昏仆,不省人事,或突然发生口眼喁斜,半身不遂,言语不利为主要症状。其包括现代医学的脑溢血,脑血栓形成,脑栓塞、面神经麻痹等疾病。本病的发生常因情志不遂,起居失宜所致,由于情志不遂,起居失宜,致人体阴阳失调,特别是肾阴不足,不能上清于心,心火偏亢,肝失所养,阳亢于上,最后形成肝风暴张,血菀于上而发为本病。或由于饮食不节,劳倦内伤,脾失健运,湿聚生痰,痰郁化热,肝风挟痰上扰,蒙闭清窍,流窜经络而猝然发病。又可因脉络空虚,风邪入侵所致,或原系阴虚阳亢,痰浊素盛之体,加之外感风邪,外邪引动内风而发病。总之,风(肝风)、火(心火、肝火)、痰(湿痰、风痰)、气(气虚、气逆)、血(血瘀),互相影响,在一定的条件下,突然发病,是中风最常见的发病因素。
中风病是一种严重威胁人民健康的常见病,是构成人类四大死亡原因之一。它以发病率高、死亡率高、致残率高、复发率高以及治疗难度高的五高特点,严重威胁着人们的生命和健康。也是近年来医学领域内受到高度重视的研究课题。目前不知有多少病人因为中风偏瘫而多年卧床不起,或行动不便,或神智不清,有多少患者由于长年生活不能自理而痛不欲生。这不能不使人感到中风瘫痪对患者、对家庭、对社会的危害有多么严重,不能不重视“中风偏瘫”的防治研究工作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,结合多种瑶族药材,配伍精当,具有疏风、除痰、活血、通络之功效。本发明还提供了一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻10-80份、半枫荷10-80份、千斤拔10-80份、五爪风10-80份、走马胎10-80份、扁担藤10-80份、九节风10-80份、葛根10-80份、朱砂根10-50份、广西海风藤10-50份、豆豉姜10-50份及夏枯草5-40份。
较佳地,一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻30-50份、半枫荷30-50份、千斤拔30-50份、五爪风30-50份、走马胎30-50份、扁担藤30-50份、九节风30-50份、葛根30-50份、朱砂根20-40份、广西海风藤20-40份、豆豉姜20-40份及夏枯草10-30份。
较佳地,一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻40份、半枫荷40份、千斤拔40份、五爪风40份、走马胎40份、扁担藤40份、九节风40份、葛根40份、朱砂根30份、广西海风藤30份、豆豉姜30份及夏枯草20份。
本发明还提供了一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:
(1)按比例称取麻骨钻、半枫荷、千斤拔、五爪风、走马胎、扁担藤、九节风、葛根、朱砂根、广西海风藤、豆豉姜及夏枯草,混合后备用;
(2)将上述混合后的药材加8-12倍的水煎煮2-3次,每次1-3h,合并煎液,过滤,得到滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得滤液浓缩至1000mL,添加防腐剂,搅拌均匀后灌装、灭菌,即得。
较佳地,在步骤(2),将上述混合后的药材加10倍的水煎煮2次,每次2h,合并煎液,过滤,得到滤液。
较佳地,在步骤(2),所述过滤包括依次进行的一次过滤和二次过滤,所述一次过滤为用经高温消毒的棉质纱布过滤;所述二次过滤为微孔过滤,所述微孔过滤的过滤孔径为0.1-0.5μm。
较佳地,在步骤(3),所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾、山梨酸钠或山梨酸;所述防腐剂的用量为浓缩后液体总重量的0.1-0.5%。
较佳地,在步骤(3),所述浓缩为减压浓缩,所述减压浓缩在50-70℃的条件下进行。
较佳地,所述水为纯净水或去离子水。
以上组合物中:
麻骨钻:(Gnetum montanum Markgr.)又名买麻藤、果米藤、大节藤、白钻,为买麻藤科买麻藤属植物,根、茎、叶入药,是民间常用瑶药,产于云南南部北纬25度以南及广西、广东、海南,海拔1600-2000米地带的森林中,缠绕于树上。麻骨钻味微苦,性温。具有祛风除湿,活血散瘀,消肿止痛的功效,用于治风湿性关节炎、筋骨酸软疼痛、腰肌劳损、跌打损伤。
化学成分:
买麻藤茎含2-羟基-3-甲氧基-4-甲氧羰基吡咯,2-羟基-3-甲氧甲基-4-甲氧羰基吡咯,3,4'-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苄醚,3,3'4'-三羟基-4-甲氧基二苄醚,2,3-二苯基吡咯,N,N-二甲某乙醇胺。
药理作用:
对心血管系统的作用:买麻藤总碱和去甲乌药碱给麻醉犬和豚鼠静脉注射均有明显的降压和使心率加快作用,消旋去甲乌药碱作用强度约为异丙肾腺素的1/10,但后者降压作用较为迅速和剧烈。等效剂量的消旋去甲乌药碱对心肌的损害较异丙肾腺素为轻。
抗过敏作用:消旋去甲乌药碱能明显抑制抗原天花粉所至的小鼠被动过敏反应。大鼠肺溢流实验中,静注抗天花粉血清后,再用天花粉攻击,可见过敏性支气管收缩,使肺溢流增加。如在攻击前静注消旋去甲乌药碱则能抑制大鼠的被动肺过敏反应,再用天花粉攻击,不在发生肺溢流的变化。小鼠腹腔注射消旋去甲乌药碱50mg/kg,还能抑制毛细管的通透性。
半枫荷:(Semiliquidambar cathayensis Chang.)又名半荷风、翻白叶树、阴阳叶,为金缕梅科半枫荷属植物,分布于江西南部、广西北部、贵州南部、广东。半枫荷味甘,性温。具有祛风湿、舒筋活血的功效,用于风湿性关节炎,类风湿关节炎,腰肌劳损,慢性腰腿痛,半身不遂,跌打损伤,扭挫伤。
化学成分:半枫荷中含有3-乙酰氧基-齐墩果酸甲酯、β-谷甾醇、3-乙酰氧基-齐墩果酸、2α,3β-二羟基-20(29)-烯-羽扇豆-28-酸、(24R)-5α-豆甾-3,6-二酮、桦木酮酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、3-酮基-齐墩果酸、阿江榄仁酸、胡萝卜苷。
药理作用:暂无相关报道。
千斤拔:(Flemingia philippinensis Merr.et Rolf&Flemingia macrophylla(Willd.)Prain)又名牛大力、吊马桩、一条根、老鼠尾,为豆科千斤拔属植物,分布于云南、四川、贵州、湖北、湖南、广西、广东、海南、江西、福建和台湾地区。常生于海拔50-300米的平地旷野或山坡路旁草地上。千斤拔味甘、微涩,性平。具有祛风利湿,消瘀解毒的功效。用于风湿痹痛,腰腿痛,腰肌劳损,跌打损伤。
化学成分:千斤拔属植物中大多含有糖类,苷类,黄酮类,鞣质和酚类,氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质,皂苷,甾体,有机酸,生物碱,蒽醌类,挥发油等化合物。
药理作用:
在研究千斤拔总黄酮对高脂血症大鼠的作用时,发现千斤拔总黄酮能明显降低血中胆固醇、甘油三酯胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。亦能增加一氧化氮的含量及一氧化氮合酶的活性。
对千斤拔黄酮类化合物在抑制血栓形成及其机制进行了实验性探讨。把实验组与对照组血小板聚集率指标进行了对比。
两组数据具有显著性差异,表明千斤拔黄酮化合物可以抑制血栓形成,其机制主要为抑制血小板活化和促进纤溶作用。
对急性蛛网膜下腔出血模型的家兔口服千斤拔水煎剂后,观察其脑电及血脑屏障的变化,以评价千斤拔对急性蛛网膜下腔出血的脑组织及血脑屏障的保护作用,结果表明千斤拔水煎剂对急性蛛网膜下腔出血的血脑屏障有明显的保护作用,从而保护了脑细胞。
五爪风:(Ficus hirta Vahl)又名五指毛桃、五指牛奶,为桑科榕属植物,分布于广东、海南、广西、福建、云南。五爪风味甘,性平。具有健脾益气,行气利湿,舒筋活络的功效。用于脾虚浮肿,食少无力,肺痨咳嗽,盗汗,带下,产后无乳,风湿痹痛,水肿,鼓胀,肝胆湿热,跌打损伤。
化学成分:2,3,一二丁醇,1,3一二丁醇,2一丁醇,1,1一二乙氧基乙烷,异补骨内酯,乙酸乙酯,十六酸、十四酸,亚油酸酰胺、软脂酸酰胺、硬脂酸酰胺、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,补骨脂素、十六酸乙酯、佛手内酯、油酸、亚油酸,十三烷,十四烷,十五烷,十六烷,十九烷,二十一烷,橙花叔醇,邻苯二甲酸乙酯,雪松醇,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,樟脑,一松油醇,金合欢醇,榄香醇。
药理作用:
提高免疫功能:有报道五指毛桃水提物和醇提物均明显延长抗疲劳实验小鼠负重游泳、耐常压缺氧及耐脑缺血缺氧的时间;提高巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素水平;增强皮肤迟发型过敏反应;改善贫血小鼠的红细胞和血红蛋白水平。有研究采用环磷酚胺致免疫功能低下小鼠,五指毛桃显著提高免疫低下小鼠的炭粒廓清指数,胸腺、脾脏重量指数及血清溶血素水平,具有提高免疫力的作用。
抗氧化作用:采用异丙肾上腺素致小鼠心肌缺氧模型,垂体后叶素加断头急性脑缺氧模型以及垂体后叶素致急性心肌缺血模型,发现五指毛桃水提液显著延长正常小鼠和异丙肾上腺素性心肌缺氧小鼠的耐缺氧时间;明显延长垂体后叶素加断头致急性脑缺血模型小鼠张口喘息的时间,提高模型小鼠血清过氧化物歧化酶,降低血清丙二醛、磷酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶水平,表现出较好的耐缺氧能力和抗氧化作用。
安全性:急性毒性试验显示小鼠灌服五指毛桃水提物后14d内,动物均无死亡,眼、鼻、口无黏液性分泌物,体重、饮水量及进食量与空白对照组无显著差异。各脏器均无异常。小鼠一次灌服五指毛桃水煎液的最大耐受量相当于人日用量的370倍,是毒性极低,生物安全性好的中药。
走马胎:(Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf)又名马胎、山猪药、走马风,为紫金牛科紫金牛属植物,分布于云南、广西、广东、江西、福建,海拔1300米以下的山间疏、密林下,荫湿的地方。走马胎味辛,性温。具有祛风湿,壮筋骨,活血祛瘀的功效。用于风湿筋骨疼痛,跌打损伤,产后血瘀,痈疽溃疡。
化学成分:
11-O-galloylbergenin,11-O-syringylbergenin,11-O-protocatechuoylbergenin,4-O-galloylbergenin,11-O-香草酰岩白菜素,表儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯,豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,β-谷甾醇。
药理作用:
通过观察走马胎提取液对血栓病理模型SD大鼠体内凝血系统和血液流变学的影响,发现走马胎提取液能有效地延长血栓模型大鼠体内的凝血酶原时间(PT),凝血酶时间(TT)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)以及降低全血黏度及血浆Fg含量,影响机体内、外源性凝血系统从而发挥其抗凝血作用。故走马胎提取液具如下作用:改善血液流变学特性,活血化瘀、抑制血栓形成,为临床预防、治疗血栓性心血管疾病提供药理学理论基础。
走马胎化学成分中有一类是岩白菜素衍生物。研究表明:没食子酸(gallicacid)、(一)一表儿茶素[(-)一epicatechin]具有一定的抗氧化活性。其原因在于此类化合物多具有酚羟基且脱氢后的共轭结构能形成稳定的苯氧自由基,故多具有降低羟自由基和过氧自由基有效浓度,打断脂质过氧化链反应的作用。这可能是走马胎具活血祛瘀、祛风止痛药理功效的机理之一,还有待进一步研究。
扁担藤:(Tetrastigma planicaule(Hook.f.)Gagnep.)又名扁藤,扁骨风,腰带藤,为葡萄科崖爬藤属植物,分布于福建、广东、广西、贵州、云南、西藏东南部。生山谷林中或山坡岩石缝中,海拔100-2100米。扁担藤味辛、酸,性平。具有祛风除湿,舒筋活络的功效。用于风湿痹痛,腰肌劳损,跌打损伤,中风偏瘫,半身不遂。
化学成分:
扁担藤药材中含有糖类、皂苷类、鞣质、有机酸、黄酮、酚类、甾体、三萜类、油脂类等成分。
从扁担藤乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为:正三十四烷酸、1-二十三烷醇、β-谷甾醇、棕榈酸、没食子酸乙酯、香草醛。
药理作用:
采用正交试验优化扁担藤中总黄酮和总三萜的最佳提取工艺,并采用FRAP法、水杨酸法和ABTS法测定其抗氧化能力。结果扁担藤总黄酮提取的最佳条件为70%乙醇在70℃超声波提取3次,每次1h;总三萜提取的最佳条件为60%乙醇在70℃微波提取2次,每次5min。与对照品抗坏血酸和茶多酚相比较,富含黄酮的扁担藤的Fe3+还原抗氧化能力和清除ABTS+.能力均大于茶多酚,但清除OH.的能力均小于二者。
以抗坏血酸和茶多酚为阳性对照,采用铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)、清除羟自由基(OH·)和2,2′-连氨-(3-乙基苯并噻唑林-6-磺酸)二氨盐自由基(ABTS^+·)测定法,评价扁担藤总提取物、石油醚层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层和水层5个不同极性成分在质量浓度为0.005-0.050g·L^-1范围内对铁离子的还原/抗氧化能力和清除OH·,ABTS^+·能力。结果扁担藤不同极性成分的Fe^3+还原/抗氧化能力均弱于抗坏血酸,除水层外,均强于茶多酚;当浓度为0.050g·L^-1时,不同极性成分的铁离子还原/抗氧化能力为:抗坏血酸(FRAP值2377.8)〉总提取物(FRAP值683.8)〉乙酸乙酯层(FRAP值419.8)〉石油醚层(FRAP值201.8)〉正丁醇层(FRAP值185.8)〉茶多酚(FRAP值73.8)、〉水层(FRAP值63.8);乙酸乙酯层清除OH·的能力(IC500.028g·L^-1)均强于抗坏血酸(IC500.044g·L^-1)和茶多酚(IC500.032g·L^-1);各不同极性成分清除ABTS^+·的能力均强于茶多酚(IC500.416g·L^-1),且乙酸乙酯层(IC500.008g·L^-1)强于抗坏血酸(IC500.011g·L^-1)。提示扁担藤具有较好的抗氧化能力,为开发功能性抗氧化剂提供科学依据。
九节风:(Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai)又名九节茶、肿节风、九爪龙,为金粟兰科草珊瑚属植物,分布于安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾地区、广东、广西、湖南、四川、贵州和云南。生于山坡、沟谷林下荫湿处,海拔420-1500米。九节风味苦、辛,性平。具有清热凉血,活血消斑,祛风通络的功效。用于血热发斑发疹,风湿痹痛,跌打损伤。
化学成分:现代药理学实验表明,肿节风具有抗菌消炎,抗肿瘤等作用,已制成各种剂型用于治疗各种炎症和癌症的辅助治疗。研究发现,肿节风中具有上述药理作用的主要有效成分为反丁烯二酸、异嗪皮啶和黄酮类化合物。
药理作用:
肿节风的60%醇提物能显著缩短小鼠断尾出血及凝血时间,加强血小板的收缩功能,对正常血小板数量无明显影响;对阿糖胞苷引起的血小板及白细胞下降有显著的治疗作用。
研究了肿节风及其分离部位对免疫性血小板减少性紫癜小鼠的作用,找出了肿节风的有效作用部位I。结果表明,肿节风及部位I有提升血小板的作用,肿节风组动物的肾上腺、胸腺重量无明显变化,部位I组胸腺重量明显增加。说明肿节风有抗免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的作用,肿节风分离部位I为抗免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的有效部位。
葛根:(Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi)又名野葛,为豆科葛属植物,分布于我国南北各地,除新疆、青海及西藏外,分布几遍全国。生于山地疏或密林中。葛根味甘、辛,性凉。具有解肌退热,生津止渴,透疹,升阳止泻,通经活络。用于外感发热头痛,项背强痛,口渴,消渴,麻疹不透,热痢,泄泻,眩晕头痛,中风偏瘫,胸痹心痛。
化学成分:
异黄酮类:大豆苷元、大豆苷(葛根素)、大豆素4,二葡糖糖苷、金雀异黄素8-c芹糖葡糖糖苷、金雀异黄素、大豆黄素8-糖基-葡糖糖苷、金雀异黄素苷、拟雌、异甘草素、芒柄黄花素等。葛根苷类:葛根苷A、葛根苷B、葛根苷C。三萜皂苷:皂草精醇、槐二醇、Cantoniensistro、大豆苷醇A等。生物碱及其他:氯化胆碱、二氯化乙酰胆碱、长塞因、鞣质、乙酰胆碱、胡萝卜苷等。
药理作用:
降“三高”(即高血压、高血脂、高血糖)作用:在对葛根的研究中发现,葛根素是一种天然的β受体拮抗药,通过抑制β肾上腺受体与标记酶的结合,阻滞肾上腺素对腺苷环化酶的激动,从而阻滞β受体与配体的结合,来对抗异丙肾上腺及肾上腺素的升压作用。另有研究发现,葛根素及大豆苷元具有阻断。受体使血压下降的作用,最终达到对正常高血压的降压作用。研究发现,葛根素能对抗肾上腺素的升血糖作用,具有一定的降血糖能力,能有效降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖,减少血清糖基化终产物的形成,并且能抑制其主动脉非酶糖化的形成,从而降低血糖;葛根素也可使代谢综合症大鼠对抗胰岛素抵抗,增强其对胰岛素敏感性,纠正高胰岛素血症,降低血糖和血脂。同时,葛根素有降低总胆固醇、低密度极低密度脂蛋白含量的作用,从而减少脂肪在动脉管壁的沉积,调节脂肪代谢功能,降低动脉硬化的发生率。同时,葛根素能直接抑制低密度脂蛋白的氧化修饰,具有浓度依赖性,亦抑制金属离子诱发的高密度脂蛋白的氧化过程,从而对心血管系统起到保护作用。
扩张冠状血管,改善微循环,抑制血小板凝集作用:通过观察葛根素对冠心病患者血液流变学及血脂影响的实验得出,葛根素可扩张正常和痉挛的冠状血管,降低血液粘稠度,从而达到增加冠状动脉血流量、改善微循环的作用:另一方面,对血管平滑肌有明显的松弛作用,血管阻力降低,心肌收缩力增强,心脏搏动的速率减慢,使主动脉压降低,但并不减少缺血区侧支冠状动脉血流量,促进心肌侧支循环的开放和形成,从而对缺血心肌具有保护作用。研究表明,葛根素能明显改善血管微循环,抑制二磷酸腺苷和5一羟色胺(5-HT)诱导的血小板凝集,抑制由凝血酶诱导的血小板中5一HT的释放,从而改善血小板功能,抑制血小板凝集,降低血液高黏状态,扩张血管,增加心脑血管血流的作用,从而达到增加冠状动脉血流量改善微循环的作用。研究表明,葛根黄酮具有较好的抗凝血作用,对凝血因子如凝血酶和部分凝血酶原具有较强的抑制作用,还具有抑制体内血栓形成的作用。实验研究证明,葛根总黄酮500-lO00mg/kg连续口服7天,能显著降低大鼠血粘度、血小板黏附率,抑制血栓形成及二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集。
朱砂根:(Ardisia crenata Sims)又名珍珠伞、山豆根、龙山子,为紫金牛科紫金牛属植物,分布于江苏、浙江、广东、广西、云南。生于海拔90-2400米的疏、密林下荫湿的灌木丛中。朱砂根味微苦、辛,性平。具有解毒消肿,活血止痛,祛风除湿的功效。用于咽喉肿痛,风湿痹痛,跌打损伤。
化学成分:
三萜皂苷类:目前从朱砂根中分离得到的三萜皂苷主要为五环三萜类齐墩果烷型衍生物,苷元也以环氧醚和十二烯为主;香豆素类:岩白菜素、11-0-没食子酰基岩白菜素和11-0-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酰酰基岩白菜素;黄酮类:山奈酚、岩白菜素、槲皮素。
药理作用:
用MTr法对朱砂根的浓度60%乙醇提取物中的十几个三萜皂苷类化合物进行测试,发现其对美国国家癌症研究所推荐的3种肿瘤细胞MCF-7、NCI-H460和SF-268均表现出很强的细胞毒活性,其中百两金皂苷A、B的活性最强;而且,试验还发现朱砂根的抗肿瘤作用的物质基础为其根中含有的五环三萜皂苷类化合物。朱砂根皂苷A、B和朱砂根新苷A、B具有较强的抑制肿瘤生长活性;进一步的试验证明了朱砂根皂苷对肝癌、鼻咽癌、结肠癌、宫颈癌和白血病肿瘤细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用;其抗癌机理可能是通过直接损伤癌细胞,使癌细胞活性降低,干扰癌细胞周期,抑制癌细胞生长,以及通过诱导癌细胞凋亡的综合途径发挥活性作用。
朱砂根乙酸乙酯部位抗氧化能力最强,正丁醇部位次之。乙酸乙酯部位清除DPPH自由基的能力比BHT低1/2,清除ABTS自由基的能力比BHT强,但比BHA弱,还原Fe”的能力为BHT1/3。
广西海风藤:(Kadsura heteroclita(Roxb.)Craib)又名大红钻,大叶过山龙,为木兰科南五味子属植物,分布于湖北、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南。生于海拔400-900米的山谷、溪边、密林中。广西海风藤味甘、微辛,性温。具有祛风散寒,行气止痛,舒筋活络的功效。用于风湿性痹痛,腰肌劳损,感冒,产后风瘫。
化学成分:
kadsudilactone,长南酸(changnanic acid),nigranoic acid,acetylaleuritolic acid,(+)-dihydrodehydrodiconi feryl alcohol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,isola riciresinol-9-O-β-D-xylopyr-anoside,β-谷甾醇,胡萝卜苷。
药理作用:
异型南五味子丁素(HD)、五味子酚(SAL)和(+)-安五脂素(AN)在离体水平可不同程度抑制ADF和PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集,HD的抑制作用更强。异型南五味子丁素和戈米辛J对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙离子通道有阻断作用;能抑制KCL、CaCL2、Na产生的离体大鼠胸主动脉标本收缩,而且对CaCL2的致缩作用强于对Na的收缩作用,提示它们具有钙拮抗活性。
豆鼓姜(Litsea cubeba(Lour.)Pers.)又名为过山香、满山香、山苍子根。分布于西南、华南及安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、福建、台湾地区、西藏等地,生于向阳山坡、丘陵、林缘灌丛或疏林中。具有祛风除湿,理气止痛。主治感冒、心胃冷痛、腹痛吐泻、脚气、孕妇水肿、风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、脑血栓形成等。
化学成分:
根皮含挥发油0.2%,内含柠檬醛约10%,香茅醛约8%-12%,以及芳樟醇及其酯类等。近又从根中挥发性部分分得异胡薄荷醇。根还含胡萝卜甙,山鸡椒醇。树皮含生物碱,已分离得到右旋六驳碱,N-甲基六驳碱,异紫堇定碱,木兰箭毒碱。近又从木部分得山鸡椒杷明碱。
药理作用:
抗血栓及对微循环的影响:给兔静注山鸡椒根(豆豉姜)注射液2g/kg,能显著抑制血栓形成,抑制率为57.6%。临床治疗脑血栓患者,可使脑电阻图出现波幅增高,上升时间缩短,上升角度增大,血管阻力指数下降。电镜观察,患者甲皱微循环管襻数目增多,微血管扩张,血流流态改善,管袢血流速度变为均匀,静脉血中圆型和树型血小板百分率增加,而扩大型和聚集型明显减少,表明该药能扩张血管,增加脑血流量(18%-80%),改善微循环,并能降低血小板表面活性,对高聚集性血小板有解聚作用。
夏枯草:(Prunella vulgaris L.)又名铁线夏枯、麦夏枯,为唇形科夏枯草属植物,分布于湖北,湖南,江西,浙江,福建,台湾地区,广东,广西,贵州,四川及云南等省区,生于荒坡、草地、溪边及路旁等湿润地上,海拔高可达3000米。夏枯草味辛、苦,性寒。具有清肝泻火、明目、散结消肿的功效。用于目赤肿痛,目珠夜痛,头痛眩晕,瘿瘤,乳痈。
化学成分:β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、α-菠甾醇、木犀草素、木樨草甘、芸香苷、金丝桃苷、软脂酸、油酸、月硅酸、葡萄糖、木糖等。
药理作用:
夏枯草茎、叶、穗及全草均有降压作用。夏枯草的水浸出液、乙醇一水浸出液和30%乙醇浸出液,对麻醉动物都有降低血压作用。煎剂(100mg/kg)注射于麻醉犬,可产生显著持久的降压作用,但易产生急速耐受;对肾陛高血压犬,连续服药2周后,血压有中等程度之降低,停药后又恢复至原初水平。
夏枯草中有效成分能够防止动脉硬化。应用安胶囊(夏枯草、水蛭、黄连等)对乳幼大白鼠、糖尿病家兔模型进行治疗,观察其对实验对象血脂代谢的影响,证明能够有效降血脂。此外夏枯草中的某些成分能够明显的降低血糖浓度水平。
本发明瑶药组合物所用药材及辅料来源清楚,均为《中国药典》2015年版一部、《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》等收载,鉴定依据有法定标准。方中麻骨钻、走马胎是我区特色药材,且疗效确切,使用安全,非常具有广西特色。
麻骨钻:本品为买麻藤科植物买麻藤Gnetum montanum Markgr.的干燥藤茎。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》141页买麻藤项下有关规定。
半枫荷:本品为金缕梅科植物金缕半荷风Semiliquidambar cathayensis Chang.的干燥地上部分。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》115-116页半枫荷项下有关规定。
千斤拔:本品为豆科植物蔓性千斤拔Flemingia philippinensis Merr.et Rolfe或大叶千斤拔Flemingia macrophylla(Willd.)Prain的干燥根。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》57-58页千斤拔项下有关规定。
五爪风:本品为桑科植物粗叶榕Ficus hirta Vahl的干燥根。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》75-76页无爪风项下有关规定。
走马胎:本品为紫金牛科植物走马胎Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf的干燥根及根茎。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》154页走马胎项下有关规定。
扁担藤:本品为葡萄科植物扁担藤Tetrastigma planicaule(Hook.f.)Gagnep.的干燥藤茎。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》195-196页扁担藤项下有关规定。
九节风:本品为金粟兰科植物草珊瑚Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai的干燥全草。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》178-180页九节风项下有关规定。
葛根:本品为豆科植物野葛Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi的干燥根。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》256-257页葛根项下有关规定。
朱砂根:本品为紫金牛科植物朱砂根Ardisia crenata Sims的干燥根。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》129-131页朱砂根项下有关规定。
广西海风藤:本品为木兰科植物异型南五味子Kadsura heteroclita(Roxb.)Craib的干燥藤茎。本品符合《广西壮族自治区瑶药材质量标准(第一卷)》61页广西海风藤项下有关规定。
豆豉姜:本品为樟科植物山鸡椒Litsea cubeba(Lour.)Pers.的干燥根。本品符合《广东省中药材标准(第一册)》(2004)110-111页豆豉姜项下有关规定。
夏枯草:本品为唇形科植物夏枯草Prunella vulgaris L.的干燥果穗。本品符合《中国药典》2015年版一部280页夏枯草项下有关规定。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明配方是在广西壮族自治区金秀瑶族民间用于中风后遗症(偏瘫)的有效验方的基础上,加以研究及试验后制成,本配方由麻骨钻、半枫菏、千斤拔、五爪风、走马胎、扁担藤等药味组成,全方配伍精当,具有疏风、除痰、活血、通络之功效,加热水泡浴用于中风络脉空虚,风邪入中证及中风后遗症。全方打药为主,兼具风打,祛邪而不伤正,充分体现了瑶医风亏打盈、平衡盈亏的思想。
(2)本发明瑶药的组合物可有效解除中风患者的疾病,保障人民的身体健康,同时开发祖国传统医药的宝库和开发少数民族民间的民族医药,使具有广西民族民间特色的天然药物更好地为人类服务,以满足患者及市场需要,为提高人民健康水平作出贡献,在获得较好社会效益的同时也带来一定的经济效益。
(3)本发明采用纯瑶医药材制作,无毒无害,无副作用,取材便宜,成本低廉,售价符合广大人民群众的消费能力,易于推广。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下举出优选实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。然而,需要说明的是,说明书中列出的许多细节仅仅是为了使读者对本发明的一个或多个方面有一个透彻的理解,即便没有这些特定的细节也可以实现本发明的这些方面。
实施例1
一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻40g、半枫荷40g、千斤拔40g、五爪风40g、走马胎40g、扁担藤40g、九节风40g、葛根40g、朱砂根30g、广西海风藤30g、豆豉姜30g及夏枯草20g。
本发明还提供了一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:
(1)按比例称取麻骨钻、半枫荷、千斤拔、五爪风、走马胎、扁担藤、九节风、葛根、朱砂根、广西海风藤、豆豉姜及夏枯草,混合后备用;
(2)将上述混合后的药材加8倍的去离子水煎煮2次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,得到滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得滤液在50℃的条件下减压浓缩至1000mL,添加山梨酸钾1g,搅拌均匀后灌装、灭菌,即得。
实施例2
一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻40g、半枫荷40g、千斤拔40g、五爪风40g、走马胎40g、扁担藤40g、九节风40g、葛根40g、朱砂根30g、广西海风藤30g、豆豉姜30g及夏枯草20g。
本发明还提供了一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:
(1)按比例称取麻骨钻、半枫荷、千斤拔、五爪风、走马胎、扁担藤、九节风、葛根、朱砂根、广西海风藤、豆豉姜及夏枯草,混合后备用;
(2)将上述混合后的药材加10倍的纯净水煎煮2次,每次3h,合并煎液,过滤,得到滤液,过滤包括依次进行的一次过滤和二次过滤,所述一次过滤为用经高温消毒的棉质纱布过滤;所述二次过滤为微孔过滤,所述微孔过滤的过滤孔径为0.1μm;
(3)将步骤(2)所得滤液在70℃的条件下减压浓缩至1000mL,添加山梨酸钠3g,搅拌均匀后灌装、灭菌,即得。
实施例3
本实施例的其它工艺方法与实施例2一致,不同之处在于:
一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:
(1)按比例称取麻骨钻、半枫荷、千斤拔、五爪风、走马胎、扁担藤、九节风、葛根、朱砂根、广西海风藤、豆豉姜及夏枯草,混合后备用;
(2)将上述混合后的药材加12倍的纯净水煎煮3次,每次1h,合并煎液,过滤,得到滤液,过滤包括依次进行的一次过滤和二次过滤,所述一次过滤为用经高温消毒的棉质纱布过滤;所述二次过滤为微孔过滤,所述微孔过滤的过滤孔径为0.5μm;
(3)将步骤(2)所得滤液在70℃的条件下减压浓缩至1000mL,添加山梨酸5g,搅拌均匀后灌装、灭菌,即得。
实施例4
本实施例的其它工艺方法与实施例2一致,不同之处在于:
一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻10g、半枫荷80g、千斤拔10g、五爪风80g、走马胎10g、扁担藤80g、九节风10g、葛根80g、朱砂根10g、广西海风藤50g、豆豉姜10g及夏枯草40g。
实施例5
本实施例的其它工艺方法与实施例2一致,不同之处在于:
一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻80g、半枫荷10g、千斤拔80g、五爪风10g、走马胎80g、扁担藤10g、九节风80g、葛根10g、朱砂根50g、广西海风藤10g、豆豉姜50g及夏枯草5g。
实施例6
本实施例的其它工艺方法与实施例2一致,不同之处在于:
一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻30g、半枫荷50g、千斤拔30g、五爪风50g、走马胎30g、扁担藤50g、九节风30g、葛根50g、朱砂根20g、广西海风藤40g、豆豉姜20g及夏枯草30g。
实施例7
本实施例的其它工艺方法与实施例2一致,不同之处在于:
一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻50g、半枫荷30g、千斤拔50g、五爪风30g、走马胎50g、扁担藤30g、九节风50g、葛根30g、朱砂根40g、广西海风藤20g、豆豉姜40g及夏枯草10g。
上述治疗中风的瑶药组合物可应用在治疗中风的药物中,亦可根据现有技术的相应制备方法做成膏剂、丸剂或片剂等。
本发明治疗中风的瑶药组合物的使用方法为:将制备好的瑶药组合物倒入清洁消毒后的浴盆或浴缸里,加入热水,然后把水调到适当的温度,即可洗浴或泡浴。
临床疗效观察:
一、一般性资料:选取临床中风患者50例,其中男30例,女20例;31-45 岁2例,46-60岁25例,60岁以上23例。
二、分组
将40例符合纳入标准的中风患者分为两组:观察组1(使用本发明实施例2所得瑶药组合物)、对照组(口服药物),每组各20例,每组中急性期患者1例,恢复期患者10例,后遗症患者9例。
三、临床用药
(1)观察组1:将实施例2制备好的瑶药组合物倒入清洁消毒后的浴盆或浴缸里,加入热的纯净水,然后把水温调至38-45℃,即可洗浴或泡浴。每5L水中放入80g瑶药组合物,每天泡2次,每次泡15min,15天为一疗程,共3个疗程。组合物中的组分根据患者的体重和年龄酌情增减,肥胖或寒湿体质者,可适当提高水温,加强药性渗透,强化药效。
(2)对照组(静脉滴注药物组):蛇毒抗栓酶0.5μm/日,给药方式:静脉注射,4周为一疗程,共二个疗程,不予药浴等干预。
四、评价标准
根据临床症状消失为准,分为基本痊愈、显效、有效、无效。
基本痊愈:语言清晰、行动自如、生活自主,能做一般劳动。
显效:语言基本清晰,行动基本自如,能基本独立生活。
有效:语言基本清晰,但行动稍有不便。
无效:脑晕欲仆、偏身麻木、半身不遂、语言障碍。
五、结果
参见表1为观察组1与对照组显效率比较表。由表1可看出观察组的总有效率优于对照组。
表1
将本发明实施例1-8制得的小儿退黄瑶药泡浴液设为观察组0-7,其中观察组1为使用本发明实施例2制备好的瑶药组合物。各组用药后临床效果比较见表3。
表3
从表3可以看出,观察组的总有效率优于对照组,且观察组1和观察组2的基本痊愈的人数最多,总有效率也最高。
六、典型案例
病例1
陈某,男,60岁。近日疲劳,晨起突感头晕眼花、头重足轻,如踩棉花感,周身倦怠无力、嗜睡欲卧、言语不利、面色灰白无华、舌质淡黯、苔薄白、脉沉细无力。头颅CT报告为:皮质下动脉硬化性脑病,轻度脑萎缩。证属中风中络气虚不运、痹阻脉络、治宜大补元气、活血通络。使用本发明实施例2制备得到的瑶药组合物进行泡浴,每5L水中放入80g瑶药组合物,每天泡2次,每次泡15min,10天为一疗程,共3个疗程。疗程结束后,诸症回复如常,基本痊愈。
病例2
李某,女,51岁,患有高血氏病二年余,近1月来劳作过甚,突感脑晕翻仆、行走不稳、右侧肢体麻木、动则汗出、倦怠乏力、舌质淡、苔薄白、脉弦细。头颅CT报告为:左侧放射冠脑梗塞。证属中风中络,气虚血瘀、络脉受阻型。使用本发明实施例2制备得到的瑶药组合物进行泡浴,每5L水中放入60g瑶药组合物,每天泡1次,每次泡20min,10天为一疗程,共3个疗程。疗程结束后,诸症回复如常,基本痊愈。
病例3
梁某,男,58岁,患者高血压病3载,近日因受阴寒而致头晕欲仆、左侧肢体麻木,左下肢软而无力,行走蹒跚,舌质黯淡,苔薄白,脉弦迟。头颅CT报告为:右侧丘脑梗塞,证属中风中经络、气虑血籍、寒凝脉络。治以补气温经、活血通络。使用本发明实施例2制备得到的瑶药组合物进行泡浴,每5L水中放入100g瑶药组合物,每天泡1次,每次泡20min,15天为一疗程,共3个疗程。2个疗程结束后,诸症明显好转,但左下肢仍活动无力,3个疗程结束后,诸症回复如常,患者可生活自理、行走平稳,基本痊愈。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种治疗中风的瑶药组合物,其特征在于:包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻10-80份、半枫荷10-80份、千斤拔10-80份、五爪风10-80份、走马胎10-80份、扁担藤10-80份、九节风10-80份、葛根10-80份、朱砂根10-50份、广西海风藤10-50份、豆豉姜10-50份及夏枯草5-40份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗中风的瑶药组合物,其特征在于:包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻30-50份、半枫荷30-50份、千斤拔30-50份、五爪风30-50份、走马胎30-50份、扁担藤30-50份、九节风30-50份、葛根30-50份、朱砂根20-40份、广西海风藤20-40份、豆豉姜20-40份及夏枯草10-30份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗中风的瑶药组合物,其特征在于:包括以下重量份数的原料制备而成:麻骨钻40份、半枫荷40份、千斤拔40份、五爪风40份、走马胎40份、扁担藤40份、九节风40份、葛根40份、朱砂根30份、广西海风藤30份、豆豉姜30份及夏枯草20份。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法由以下步骤组成:
(1)按比例称取麻骨钻、半枫荷、千斤拔、五爪风、走马胎、扁担藤、九节风、葛根、朱砂根、广西海风藤、豆豉姜及夏枯草,混合后备用;
(2)将上述混合后的药材加8-12倍的水煎煮2-3次,每次1-3h,合并煎液,过滤,得到滤液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得滤液浓缩至1000mL,添加防腐剂,搅拌均匀后灌装、灭菌,即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2),将上述混合后的药材加10倍的水煎煮2次,每次2h,合并煎液,过滤,得到滤液。
6.根据权利要求4所述的治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2),所述过滤包括依次进行的一次过滤和二次过滤,所述一次过滤为用经高温消毒的棉质纱布过滤;所述二次过滤为微孔过滤,所述微孔过滤的过滤孔径为0.1-0.5μm。
7.根据权利要求4所述的治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(3),所述防腐剂为山梨酸钾、山梨酸钠或山梨酸;所述防腐剂的用量为浓缩后液体总重量的0.1-0.5%。
8.根据权利要求4所述的治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(3),所述浓缩为减压浓缩,所述减压浓缩在50-70℃的条件下进行。
9.根据权利要求4所述的治疗中风的瑶药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述水为纯净水或去离子水。
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