CN107017313B - 一种用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池及其制备方法,该太阳能电池包括ZnO纳米棒电子传输层、CdS缓冲层以及Ag2S光吸收层。其具体制备方法是先采用水热法生长ZnO纳米棒,再在ZnO纳米棒上沉积一层CdS缓冲层,再其次利用连续离子吸附的方法制备Ag2S吸收层,最后在这种复合结构上蒸镀Au电极,获得全固态太阳能电池。本发明中Ag2S具有很高的光吸收系数,且禁带宽度为0.92eV,可以很好的吸收可见光,而且本发明所用的连续离子沉积的方法可以使Ag2S很容易的填充在ZnO/CdS组成的核/壳纳米阵列当中,此外该沉积方法简单易行,不需要昂贵的设备以及真空环境,大大降低了太阳能电池的制备成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池的制备领域,具体涉及一种用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着经济的日益增长和人口的不断上升,人类对能源的需求持续增长。由于化石燃料相对较低的成本和较高的能量密度,成为最主要的能量来源,然而,化石燃料的提炼和燃烧释放出的气体造成温室效应和环境恶化,加之化石燃料的储量有限,亟需我们开发新的可再生能源,取代化石燃料。太阳能是一种分散的、取之不尽用之不竭的、清洁可再生的自然资源,太阳在1小时内辐射到地球表面的能量足够人类使用一年。直接从阳光中获取能量是一种获取对环境影响最小的清洁可再生能源的最直接方式。
发展至今,太阳能电池的种类繁多,按照太阳能电池的发展阶段可以将太阳能电池分为第一代、第二代、第三代太阳能电池。其中第一代太阳能电池是晶体硅太阳能电池,这一类太阳能电池的制造技术比较成熟,电池的性能比较稳定,而且已经广泛应用于现实生活中。但是它也存在着一些的问题,晶体硅太阳能电池的制造成本高,光电转换效率比较低,生产产业链较长,这严重限制了硅太阳电池在民用方面的发展。第二代太阳能电池是薄膜太阳能电池,薄膜太阳电池是将一层薄膜作为吸收层制备的太阳能电池,制造此类电池时材料用量很少,更容易降低生产成本。但是目前使用较多的是CuInGaSe薄膜太阳能电池,制备CuInGaSe吸收层需要高的真空环境,而且铟和硒都是比较稀有的元素,这会大大提高薄膜太阳能电池的生产成本。所以,寻找一种低成本的光吸收层材料是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种低能耗,低成本,制备周期短的用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池。
本发明的用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池,包括ZnO纳米棒电子传输层、CdS缓冲层以及Ag2S光吸收层,所述的CdS缓冲层包覆于ZnO纳米棒表面形成ZnO/CdS核壳结构,Ag2S填充于ZnO/CdS 核壳纳米棒阵列中。
上述技术方案中,所述的ZnO纳米棒长度为500-900nm,直径为 50-90nm。所述的CdS缓冲层的厚度为10-25nm。
本发明提供的一种含上述结构的具体的太阳能电池为:自下而上依次包括ITO导电玻璃、ZnO籽晶层、ZnO纳米棒、CdS缓冲层、Ag2S 吸收层、Au电极。
制备上述用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池的方法,包括如下步骤:
1)导电衬底预处理:将ITO导电玻璃依次用丙酮、水、酒精超声清洗30min,后用N2吹干;
2)溶胶凝胶的制备:将0.015mol的醋酸锌和1.4mL单乙醇胺溶于50mL乙二醇甲醚中,60℃下水浴磁力搅拌0.5-1h,得到均匀透明的溶胶A;
3)旋涂籽晶层:将溶胶A以2000-3000rpm的转速旋涂在ITO导电玻璃上,旋涂时间为20-40s,之后将其放在200℃热板上烘干,重复上述步骤2-3遍。
4)退火处理:将经上述处理后的ITO玻璃放在管式炉中400℃退火1h,获得具有ZnO籽晶层的ITO玻璃;
5)ZnO纳米棒前驱体溶液的配制:将0.5-0.8mmol的硝酸锌和 0.5-0.8mmol的六次甲基四胺溶于20mL去离子水中,搅拌 0.5-1h,得到溶液B;
6)水热法生长ZnO纳米棒:将溶液B放在反应釜中,带有ZnO 籽晶层的ITO玻璃斜靠在反应釜中,再将该反应釜置于90℃保温2-4h,反应后将产物进行清洗烘干;
7)CdS化学沉积溶液的配制:将0.4mmol CdCl2·5/2H2O和0.4mmol 硫代乙酰胺溶于20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌20-30min得到溶液C;
8)化学沉积CdS缓冲层:将带有ZnO纳米棒的ITO玻璃放置在溶液C中反应10-20min后取出清洗并烘干;
9)Ag2S反应溶液的配制:将4mmol的AgNO3溶于100mL无水乙醇中磁力搅拌1h得到溶液D,将2mmol硫代乙酰胺溶于100mL 无水乙醇中磁力搅拌1h得到溶液E;
10)连续离子沉积法生长Ag2S吸收层:将步骤8)得到的样品放在溶液D中反应20s后取出用去离子水和酒精冲洗干净并吹干,后放入溶液E中反应20s后取出用去离子水和酒精冲洗干净并吹干,以上步骤为一个循环,重复此循环20-40次,最后在150℃下退火2h;
11)热蒸发镀Au电极:将上述10)得到的样品放在热蒸发镀膜机中蒸镀100nm厚的Au电极,制得用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1.Ag2S具有很高的光吸收系数,且禁带宽度为0.92eV,可以很好的吸收可见光,本发明中,采用Ag2S作吸收层材料不仅可以提高对可见光吸收,而且利用连续离子沉积的制备方法可以很容易的制备出结构致密的Ag2S吸收层,从而形成良好的p-n异质结接触,使该器件具有很好的整流效应。
2.本发明中,制备该太阳能电池原料存储量丰富、成本低廉、制备方法简单,不需要真空和高温环境,能耗低,可大大降低太阳能电池的制造成本。
附图说明
图1为ZnO籽晶层(a)、ZnO纳米棒(b)、ZnO纳米棒/CdS(c)、ZnO纳米棒/CdS/Ag2S(d)表面形貌SEM图片;
图2为ZnO纳米棒/CdS核壳纳米结构TEM图片;
图3为ZnO纳米棒的XRD图片;
图4为ZnO纳米棒/CdS的XRD图片;
图5为ZnO纳米棒/CdS/Ag2S的XRD图片;
图6为本发明太阳能电池无光照下的J-V曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1.
1)导电衬底预处理:将ITO导电玻璃依次用丙酮、水、酒精超声清理30min,后用N2吹干;
2)溶胶凝胶的制备:将0.015mol的醋酸锌和1.4mL单乙醇胺溶于50mL乙二醇甲醚中,60℃下水浴磁力搅拌1h,得到均匀透明的溶胶A。
3)旋涂籽晶层:将溶胶A以3000rpm的转速旋涂在ITO导电玻璃上,旋涂时间为30s,之后将其放在200℃热板上烘干5min,最后将以上步骤重复2遍。
4)退火处理:将旋涂有ZnO籽晶层的ITO玻璃放在管式炉中400℃退后1h。
5)ZnO纳米棒前驱体溶液的配制:将0.5mmol的硝酸锌和0.5mmol 的六次甲基四胺溶于20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌0.5h,得到溶液B。
6)水热法生长ZnO纳米棒:将溶液B放在50mL的反应釜中,带有ZnO籽晶层的ITO玻璃斜靠在反应釜中,再将该反应釜放在鼓风干燥箱中90℃保温3h,反应完成后将得到的产物进行清洗烘干。
7)CdS化学沉积溶液的配制:0.4mmol CdCl2·5/2H2O和0.4mmol 硫代乙酰胺溶于20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌30min得到溶液C。
8)化学沉积CdS缓冲层:将带有ZnO纳米棒的ITO玻璃放置在溶液C中反应15min后取出清洗并烘干。
9)Ag2S反应溶液的配制:将4mmol的AgNO3溶于100mL无水乙醇中磁力搅拌1h得到溶液D。将2mmol硫代乙酰胺溶于100mL无水乙醇中磁力搅拌1h得到溶液E。
10)连续离子沉积法生长Ag2S吸收层:将步骤8)得到的样品放在溶液D中反应20s后取出用去离子水和酒精冲洗干净并吹干,后放入溶液E中反应20s后取出用去离子水和酒精冲洗干净并吹干,以上步骤为一个循环,重复此循环40次,最后在150℃下退火2h。
11)热蒸发镀Au电极:将10)得到的样品放在热蒸发镀膜机中蒸镀100nm厚的Au电极。
本例制得的ZnO籽晶层、ZnO纳米棒、ZnO纳米棒/CdS、ZnO纳米棒/CdS/Ag2S表面形貌SEM图片依次如图1中a、b、c、d所示,由此可见Ag2S可以均匀的填充于纳米棒阵列。ZnO纳米棒/CdS的透射图如图2所示,可以看出ZnO纳米棒的直径约为70nm,外面包覆一层20nm厚的CdS壳层。本例制得的ZnO纳米棒、ZnO纳米棒/CdS、 ZnO纳米棒/CdS/Ag2S的XRD衍射图片依次如图3、图4、图5所示。本例制得的太阳能电池无光照下的J-V特性曲线如图6所示,其具有很好的整流效应。
实施例2.
1)导电衬底预处理:将ITO导电玻璃依次用丙酮、水、酒精超声清理30min,后用N2吹干;
2)溶胶凝胶的制备:将0.015mol的醋酸锌和1.4mL单乙醇胺溶于50mL乙二醇甲醚中,60℃下水浴磁力搅拌1h,得到均匀透明的溶胶A。
3)旋涂籽晶层:将溶胶A以3000rpm的转速旋涂在ITO导电玻璃上,旋涂时间为30s,之后将其放在200℃热板上烘干5min,最后将以上步骤重复2遍。
4)退火处理:将旋涂有ZnO籽晶层的ITO玻璃放在管式炉中400℃退后1h。
5)ZnO纳米棒前驱体溶液的配制:将0.5mmol的硝酸锌和0.5mmol 的六次甲基四胺溶于20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌0.5h,得到溶液B。
6)水热法生长ZnO纳米棒:将溶液B放在50mL的反应釜中,带有ZnO籽晶层的ITO玻璃斜靠在反应釜中,再将该反应釜放在鼓风干燥箱中90℃保温2h,反应完成后将得到的产物进行清洗烘干。
7)CdS化学沉积溶液的配制:0.4mmol CdCl2·5/2H2O和0.4mmol 硫代乙酰胺溶于20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌30min得到溶液C。
8)化学沉积CdS缓冲层:将带有ZnO纳米棒的ITO玻璃放置在溶液C中反应10min后取出清洗并烘干。
9)Ag2S反应溶液的配制:将4mmol的AgNO3溶于100mL无水乙醇中磁力搅拌1h得到溶液D。将2mmol硫代乙酰胺溶于100mL无水乙醇中磁力搅拌1h得到溶液E。
10)连续离子沉积法生长Ag2S吸收层:将步骤8)得到的样品放在溶液D中反应20s后取出用去离子水和酒精冲洗干净并吹干,后放入溶液E中反应20s后取出用去离子水和酒精冲洗干净并吹干,以上步骤为一个循环,重复此循环30次,最后在150℃下退火2h。
11)热蒸发镀Au电极:将10)得到的样品放在热蒸发镀膜机中蒸镀100nm厚的Au电极。
Claims (5)
1.一种用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1) 导电衬底预处理:将ITO导电玻璃清洗、吹干;
2) 溶胶凝胶的制备:将0.015mol的醋酸锌和1.4mL单乙醇胺溶于50mL乙二醇甲醚中,60℃下水浴磁力搅拌0.5-1h,得到均匀透明的溶胶A;
3) 旋涂籽晶层:将溶胶A以2000-3000rpm的转速旋涂在ITO导电玻璃上,旋涂时间为20-40s,之后将其放在200℃热板上烘干,重复上述步骤2-3遍;
4) 退火处理:将经上述处理后的ITO玻璃放在管式炉中400℃退火1h,获得具有ZnO籽晶层的ITO玻璃;
5) ZnO纳米棒前驱体溶液的配制:将0.5-0.8mmol的硝酸锌和0.5-0.8mmol的六次甲基四胺溶于20mL去离子水中,搅拌0.5-1h,得到溶液B;
6) 水热法生长ZnO纳米棒:将溶液B放在反应釜中,带有ZnO籽晶层的ITO玻璃斜靠在反应釜中,再将该反应釜置于90℃保温2-4h,反应后将产物进行清洗烘干;
7) CdS化学沉积溶液的配制:将0.4mmol CdCl2·5/2H2O和0.4mmol硫代乙酰胺溶于20mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌20-30min得到溶液C;
8) 化学沉积CdS缓冲层:将带有ZnO纳米棒的ITO玻璃放置在溶液C中反应10-20min后取出清洗并烘干;
9) Ag2S反应溶液的配制:将4mmol的AgNO3溶于100mL无水乙醇中磁力搅拌1h得到溶液D,将2mmol硫代乙酰胺溶于100mL无水乙醇中磁力搅拌1h得到溶液E;
10)连续离子沉积法生长Ag2S吸收层:将步骤8)得到的样品放在溶液D中反应20s后取出用去离子水和酒精冲洗干净并吹干,后放入溶液E中反应20s后取出用去离子水和酒精冲洗干净并吹干,以上步骤为一个循环,重复此循环20-40次,最后在150℃下退火2h;
11)热蒸发镀Au电极:将上述10)得到的样品放在热蒸发镀膜机中蒸镀100nm厚的Au电极,制得用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池。
2.一种用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1所述的方法制得,该太阳能电池包括ZnO纳米棒电子传输层、CdS缓冲层以及Ag2S光吸收层,所述的CdS缓冲层包覆于ZnO纳米棒表面形成ZnO/CdS核壳结构,Ag2S填充于ZnO/CdS核壳纳米棒阵列中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述的ZnO纳米棒长度为500-900nm,直径为50-90nm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述的CdS缓冲层的厚度为10-25nm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的用Ag2S作吸收层的全固态太阳能电池,其特征在于,自下而上依次包括ITO导电玻璃、ZnO籽晶层、ZnO纳米棒阵列、CdS缓冲层、Ag2S吸收层、Au电极。
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