CN107014224A - 石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器 - Google Patents
石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910003978 SiClx Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Si] SBEQWOXEGHQIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical class [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002085 enols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/32—Carbides
- C23C16/325—Silicon carbide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器及其制造方法,由全石墨材料制成,其中含有板式换热管路,在板式换热管路的内壁具有气相沉积的SiC薄层。该板式换热器采用下列工艺步骤的制造方法制造而成:采用石墨材料制成板式换热器,在石墨换热管路的两端施加电压加热至850‑950℃,在换热管路中通入SiC的气相原材料在换热管路的内部产生气相SiC沉积薄层。本发明的板式换热器矩形通道中具有比普通石墨更好的耐化学介质腐蚀性能,利用自身石墨材料作为加热载体,工艺设施简单,沉积碳化硅效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种板式换热器的材料和结构。
背景技术
常用的板式换热器是由一系列波纹形状的金属片叠装而成的高效换热器,各个板片之间形成薄的矩形通道,在矩形通道内外流过不同温度的两种介质进行热交换。
申请号为2006100312653 的发明公开了一种碳化硅纳米管的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:(1)石墨片基板清洗,干燥;(2)基板催化剂溶液浸泡催化剂为Fe、Co、Ni等金属有机化合物,助催化剂为含硫有机化合物;(3)化学气相沉积气源化合物为含Si-C键且可气化的有机化合物,载气为氮气或氢气或氨气或其中至少两种的混合气,载气/气源化合物之摩尔比为4.5-7.0,气相沉积温度为800~1100℃,沉积时间0.8-1.5h;(4)纯化处理。该发明提供了一种碳化硅气相沉积的技术,工艺参数比较苛刻,不适合大体积的制品使用。
专利申请号为2012101606467的改性酚醛-石墨板式换热器,该板片是由改性酚醛树脂和石墨粉两部分配制而成,其改性酚醛树脂是由酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、石油磺酸、T31试剂、玻璃纤难、无水乙醇按比例配制而成,再将上述改性酚醛树脂与石墨粉进行捏合、挤出、粉碎、模压固化制成改性酚醛-石墨板式换热器的板片。该发明虽然耐腐蚀性较好,但是基体是石墨粉体,力学强度较低。
发明内容
发明目的:
提供一种耐腐蚀性高、力学性能耗、制造工艺简单的石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器。
技术方案:
本发明的石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器,由全石墨材料制成,其中含有板式换热管路(矩形通道),在板式换热管路的内壁具有气相沉积的SiC薄层。
该板式换热器,采用下列工艺步骤的制造方法制造而成:
1)采用石墨材料制成板式换热器,具有石墨管壳和其内部的石墨换热管路;
2)利用石墨材料本身导电发热的特点,在石墨换热管路的两端施加电压,由于石墨换热管路自身具有电阻,通电后会产生电阻热。通电加热至850-950℃(气相沉积时的气体温度可能更高,因为沉积到固体表面时温度下降很快,而本发明直接加热固体材料,升温快速,温度稳定性较好,温度变化范围较小,沉积的碳化硅成分比较纯净,分布比较均匀。优选890-920℃左右),在换热管路中通入SiC的气相原材料,在换热管路的内部产生气相SiC,沉积在内壁形成0.2-0.85微米厚度的SiC沉积薄层,该厚度能够具有良好的耐腐蚀性,又具有较高的附着力;
3)断电降温冷却,使得SiC薄层牢固地沉积在石墨换热管路的内壁,使得石墨表面的微孔封闭,形成SiC保护层。优选断电后在换热管路的一端继续通入SiC的气相原材料,加快降温速度,同时又不会带进其它成分污染热换管路内壁,形成连续的SiC保护层。
有益效果:
本发明的板式换热器矩形通道中具有比普通石墨更好的耐化学介质腐蚀性能,能供多种介质的冷媒通过成为加热升温了的热介质,矩形通道的外部供热的水汽通过,形成降温后的冷凝水。
本发明的制造方法,利用自身石墨材料作为加热载体,工艺设施简单,加热温度控制精确,沉积质量好,沉积碳化硅效率高,而且成型温度较低,消耗能源较少。而且三废排放少,副产物少,环保性能较好。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种横截面结构示意图;
图中,1-热水入口;2-管程;3-壳体;4-壳程;5-冷凝水出口;6-SiC薄层;7-板式换热管路。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器,由全石墨材料制成,其中含有石墨管壳(包围形成壳程,配套有热水入口和冷凝水出口)和其内部的石墨换热管路,板式换热管路具有矩形通道(管程),在板式换热管路的内壁具有气相沉积的0.2-0.85微米厚度的SiC薄层。
该板式换热器采用下列工艺步骤的制造方法制造而成:
1)采用石墨材料制成板式换热器;
2)在石墨换热管路的两端施加电压,通电后会产生电阻热,通电加热至890-920℃,在换热管路中通入SiC的气相原材料,在换热管路的内部产生气相SiC;
3)断电降温冷却,断电后在换热管路的一端继续通入SiC的气相原材料,加快降温速度,使得SiC薄层牢固地沉积在石墨换热管路的内壁形成0.2-0.85微米厚度的连续的SiC沉积薄层。
Claims (4)
1.一种石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器,由全石墨材料制成,其中含有石墨管壳和其内部的石墨换热管路,其特征在于:在板式换热管路的内壁具有气相沉积的SiC薄层;该板式换热器,采用下列工艺步骤的制造方法制造而成:
1)采用石墨材料制成板式换热器;
2)在石墨换热管路的两端施加电压,通电后会产生电阻热,通电加热至850-950℃,在换热管路中通入SiC的气相原材料,在换热管路的内部产生气相SiC;
3)断电降温冷却,使得SiC薄层牢固地沉积在石墨换热管路的内壁,使得石墨表面的微孔封闭,并有连续的SiC保护层。
2.如权利要求1所述的石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器,其特征在于:工艺步骤2)中,通电加热至890-920℃左右。
3.如权利要求1所述的石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器,其特征在于:工艺步骤3)中,断电后在换热管路的一端继续通入SiC的气相原材料,加快降温速度。
4.如权利要求1所述的石墨基碳化硅气相沉积的板式换热器,其特征在于:步骤3)中,在内壁上形成0.2-0.85微米厚度的SiC沉积薄层。
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CN102850085A (zh) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-02 | 青岛天地碳素有限公司 | 一种石墨表面碳化硅涂层的方法 |
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CN105308740A (zh) * | 2013-06-19 | 2016-02-03 | 迪睿合株式会社 | 导热性片材及导热性片材的制备方法 |
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CN1810639A (zh) * | 2006-02-24 | 2006-08-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | 一种碳化硅纳米管的化学气相沉积制备方法 |
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