CN1070050A - 电缆的制造 - Google Patents

电缆的制造 Download PDF

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CN1070050A
CN1070050A CN92103996A CN92103996A CN1070050A CN 1070050 A CN1070050 A CN 1070050A CN 92103996 A CN92103996 A CN 92103996A CN 92103996 A CN92103996 A CN 92103996A CN 1070050 A CN1070050 A CN 1070050A
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fiber optic
cable
optic component
plastic
mould
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CN92103996A
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CN1033341C (zh
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尼支尔·J·沙克莱敦
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Nortel Networks Ltd
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Northern Telecom Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
    • G02B6/4489—Manufacturing methods of optical cables of central supporting members of lobe structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/156—Coating two or more articles simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
    • G02B6/448—Ribbon cables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2011/00—Optical elements, e.g. lenses, prisms
    • B29L2011/0075—Light guides, optical cables

Abstract

光纤电缆的塑线芯(32)和塑料护套(35)可通过 一次挤出工艺同时制成，其中塑料流可以进行分隔， 从而在护套和线芯间形成弱连接，这样可允许使护套 很容易地与电缆内的所容纳光纤(34)分离。

Description

本发明涉及的是采用剂塑法制造电缆，特别是光纤电缆的工艺及其设备。
光纤电缆通常是由多道工序制成的，其中光纤元件是松驰地包含在线槽或管道内。线槽/加强元件可事先制成，例如可通过成形挤压，然后，将光纤元件放入线槽中，线槽用紧贴密封带加以封闭，此后，将该组件送到挤塑机上，以提供一保护的塑料护套。
为降低制造成本，人们已提出采用一次挤塑法来制造这样一个电缆，然而，这会使光纤入口结构制造极为困难。应该懂得，必须沿电缆在各个位置上来接近光纤，以便连接和端接。
本发明的目的就是要减小或克服上述缺陷。
按照本发明的一个方面，就是提供一种制造光纤电缆的方法，它是通过模具在光纤元件周围挤出塑料材料，以便松弛地包含光纤元件，在挤塑过程中，塑流由管状元件而被分隔成两个或多个分流，通过管状元件在一定距离上来馈送光纤元件，因此，在各塑流重新汇合时，在彼此交界面间形成弱连接，从而便于有选择地分离电缆的塑料以接近光纤元件。
按照本发明的另一方面，就是提供一种制造光纤电缆的设备，该设备包括一个挤塑机，它通过模具挤塑，在光纤元件周围提供一塑料保护层，挤塑机具有一管状元件，光纤元件通过该管状元件馈送，并且管状元件的设置使得在一定距离上将挤出的塑料材料隔成两个或多个分流，从而当各分流重新汇合时，彼此间形成弱连接，从而便于有选择地分离电缆的塑料以接近光纤元件。
上述工艺特别适用于自支撑电缆或架空电缆的制造，而光纤元件被包含以纵向介电加强元件制成的线槽之中。
在这里可直接参考我们同期同簇待审的英国专利申请，91102640号，它与采用本申请中所述工艺制造的电缆结构有关。
现参照附图来描述发明的实施例，其中，
图1是分流挤塑设备的局部截面图。
图2示出了供图1中挤塑机使用的工具或尖顶部件;
图3是通过图1的挤塑机制造的电缆结构的截面图;和
图4描绘了另一电缆结构
参照图1和2，被挤压的，有模具11，它限定了被挤塑电缆的外形，一个尖顶部件12进入模具11的喉部，该尖顶部件具有一条或多条通道120，用来接收待加护层的光纤元件，它还可具有另一通道121，用来接收电缆的加强元件，如介电加强元件。有利的是，还提供了一轴承122，借此尖顶部件12可以相对于模具旋转，例如，把S-ε扭转传送到被挤压的电缆中去。
尖顶部件的结构在图中更详细地示出了，正如从图2中所看到的，组件包括一空心的通常为园筒形的防护元件21，它是通过棒210来支撑的，和一园形卡箍211，借此挤塑机内的尖头部件的位置可以调整。在使用中，塑料材料流过防护元件以及其外侧，在防护元件21内通常放置一矩形管22，该管用来接收纤维带元件，并形成了电缆中容纳纤维元件的线槽。管22同挤塑机中的通路120连通，借此光纤带被馈送到挤塑机上。在一些应用场合，包含光纤元件的线槽，在电缆制造过程中可以用防水凝胶来填充。
管22在防护元件21内可通过一个或多个平板23来支撑，它是沿防护元件21的内表面延伸的。
在挤塑过程中，防护元件21和板23在通过模具喉部的至少部分通路上的挤出塑料材料的区域之间提供了表面阻挡层，我们已经发现，由于在模具区域内分隔塑流，使得模具挤出的汇合流彼此间形成相当弱的连接，通常这被认为是由于模具内高切变条件，使聚合物分子平行取向所致。在制成的电缆中，这种塑料材料相邻部分之间的连接在施加压力下很容易破裂。
相对于模具喉部的尖顶部件位置的轴向或纵向调整可以通过在尖顶部件和挤塑机头上的共同运转的螺杆螺纹122（图1）来进行。例如，引入传送元件扭转的尖顶部件的旋转运动，可以通过安装在挤塑机头P的，承载着尖顶P件的轴承123（图1）来提供。
在使用中，相对于模具喉部的尖顶部件的轴向位置可以进行调整，使得在防护元件21内和外的塑料流均衡或等同，从而保证传送包装的无间隙包封。
该技术适用于许多电缆塑料材料，它们包括，但不限于此，塑化聚氯乙烯（PVC），低烟无卤材料和热塑性橡胶。塑料中可以含有一滤料，以控制材料的挤塑特性。
图3示出了采用图2尖顶部件制成的电缆结构。电缆包括一中心加强元件31，如可由玻璃纤维增强塑料材料制成，它是由未增强塑料体32包绕，材料体32包含一线槽33，可以将一个或多个光纤元件34放入其中，典型的是，光纤元件是带形元件。塑料体32具有一园形外部或保护部分35和直接位于线槽上的另一盖顶部分36，部分35和36是通过上述塑流分隔技术制成的。
接近光纤元件34可通过首先切入线槽33上的材料体32而达到第一部分35来完成，将在第一部上的塑料剥离以暴露出线槽上的基础塑料，然后沿第二部分36分离材料体以暴露出线槽，并接近光纤元件。
图4示出一另一电缆结构，该结构具有多个，通常是4个，的介电加强元件41，它们通常是对称地设置在电缆体42园周的周围。该电缆体是由内塑料元件421和外塑料元件422组成，由此在它们之间的交界面43上形成弱连接，内材料体元件421包括一线槽或管44，在其中设置了许多光纤元件45，这些元件45可以包括带形光纤或是分散形光纤。有利的是，管或线槽44沿电缆通常是按螺旋形路径，或是单手螺旋路径，或是左右手S-ε交替螺旋路径。在应用中，接近光纤元件45可通过切入外材料体元件422，并通过撕开交界面43上的连接而剥离掉该元件衬垫，从而暴露出管或线槽44来达到。
人们将会了解到，虽然所描述的工艺特指光纤电缆，但它也可用于包含金属，如铜作传输元件的电缆的制造。

Claims (6)

1、一种制造光纤电缆的方法，它是通过模具而在光纤元件周围挤出塑料材料以松散地包含光纤元件，其中在挤出过程中，塑料流通过管状元件而被分隔成两个或多个分流，而在一定距离上光纤元件是通过管状元件来馈送的，从而在各分流复合时，在它们之间的交界面上形成弱连接，由此可利于选择地分离电缆的塑料以接近光纤元件，其中管状元件的位置可相对模具进行调整，从而获得均衡或等同的塑流。
2、如权利要求1的方法，其中在电缆中还包括增强的加强元件。
3、如权利要求2的方法，其中所述的加强元件是介电加强元件。
4、如权利要求1、2或3的方法，其中被挤压的塑料材料包括：聚氯乙烯、低烟无卤材料，热塑性橡胶。
5、一种制造通信电缆的方法，可参照文中所述的和附图所示。
6、一种用于制造光纤电缆的设备，该设备包括一塑料挤压机，它是用来通过模具的挤出而在光纤元件周围提供一塑料保护层，挤塑机具有一管状部件，光纤可通过管状部件来馈送并且设置成一定距离上将挤出的塑料材料分隔成两个或多个分流，从而当分流复合时，在其间形成弱连接，由此有利于有选择地分离电缆的塑料以接近光纤元件，和用于调整相对于模具的管状元件位置的装置，由此在应用中，可获得均衡的或等同的塑流。
CN92103996A 1991-05-11 1992-05-11 光缆的制造方法和设备 Expired - Lifetime CN1033341C (zh)

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GB9110256.6 1991-05-11
GB9110256A GB2255742B (en) 1991-05-11 1991-05-11 Manufacturing cables

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CN1070050A true CN1070050A (zh) 1993-03-17
CN1033341C CN1033341C (zh) 1996-11-20

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US (1) US5435944A (zh)
EP (1) EP0584129B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3270470B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100199459B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1033341C (zh)
AT (1) ATE155730T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU657755B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2108133C (zh)
DE (1) DE69221144T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2106184T3 (zh)
FI (1) FI934797A0 (zh)
GB (1) GB2255742B (zh)
NO (1) NO301873B1 (zh)
NZ (1) NZ242667A (zh)
WO (1) WO1992020510A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA923374B (zh)

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DE69221144D1 (de) 1997-09-04
GB2255742A (en) 1992-11-18
ES2106184T3 (es) 1997-11-01
AU1683692A (en) 1992-12-30
NZ242667A (en) 1995-03-28
JP3270470B2 (ja) 2002-04-02
NO933987D0 (no) 1993-11-04
US5435944A (en) 1995-07-25
DE69221144T2 (de) 1998-01-29
AU657755B2 (en) 1995-03-23
FI934797A (fi) 1993-10-29
WO1992020510A1 (en) 1992-11-26
EP0584129B1 (en) 1997-07-23
ATE155730T1 (de) 1997-08-15
JPH06507127A (ja) 1994-08-11
ZA923374B (en) 1992-12-30
GB9110256D0 (en) 1991-07-03
KR100199459B1 (ko) 1999-06-15
CA2108133A1 (en) 1992-11-12
CN1033341C (zh) 1996-11-20
GB2255742B (en) 1994-03-09
FI934797A0 (fi) 1993-10-29
NO301873B1 (no) 1997-12-22
NO933987L (no) 1993-11-04
EP0584129A1 (en) 1994-03-02
CA2108133C (en) 1999-09-07

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