CN107003100A - 由大规模生产的层压窗玻璃组件制造的装甲玻璃 - Google Patents

由大规模生产的层压窗玻璃组件制造的装甲玻璃 Download PDF

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CN107003100A
CN107003100A CN201580065683.1A CN201580065683A CN107003100A CN 107003100 A CN107003100 A CN 107003100A CN 201580065683 A CN201580065683 A CN 201580065683A CN 107003100 A CN107003100 A CN 107003100A
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curved surface
glass
laminated windowpanes
pieces
glass plates
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C.博瓦容
P.肖萨德
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及：‑制造意在装配在运输车辆开口中的轻型装甲曲面层压窗玻璃的方法，所述方法适于大规模生产装配含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于使用此类大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃构成的至少三个组件曲面玻璃板，所述曲面窗玻璃含有两块玻璃板，来自此类同一相同大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃的两块玻璃板已被预先在一起弯曲；‑根据该方法制造的轻型装甲曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于构成其的玻璃板具有1至4毫米的厚度；和‑该窗玻璃作为机动车辆或卡车挡风玻璃的应用。

Description

由大规模生产的层压窗玻璃组件制造的装甲玻璃
本发明涉及轻型装甲层压窗玻璃的制造，意在防护.22类型长步枪子弹造成的穿孔，或使用警棍等等的穿透。有利地，这些轻型装甲窗玻璃可以装配到运输车辆的车身开口上而无需进行任何修改，即可以装配到大规模生产的车身上。
目前，这些窗玻璃在专用设备中以远小于大规模生产的量制造。构成此类窗玻璃的玻璃板通过重力一起弯曲，尤其以四至八块玻璃板的组。使用一锅式炉或间歇式炉。该玻璃板在静态工作台处，所述静态工作台是获得它们的工具。制造时间相对较长，因为获得所需光学品质和几何精度需要大量调整。在获得该窗玻璃的性质的所需稳定性之前，不得不报废大量制品。
因此，对于在不修改其车身的情况下生产用于运输车辆，如大规模生产的机动车辆的轻型装甲窗玻璃的关注推动了本发明。本发明的目标还在于更短的制造时间、改善制得的玻璃的光学品质以及它们与意在将其安装于其中的框架的几何相容性。
为此，本发明的一个主题是制造轻型装甲曲面层压窗玻璃的方法，所述玻璃意在装配在运输车辆的开口中，该方法适于大规模生产装配含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于使用此类大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃构成的至少三个组件曲面玻璃板，所述曲面层压窗玻璃含有两块玻璃板，来自此类同一大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃中的两块玻璃板已被预先在一起弯曲。如下文中更详细地看到的那样，大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃的两块玻璃板常常因它们的组成（一块可以着色，另一块透明）、它们承载的层或丝网印刷图案以及它们的厚度而彼此不同，由此根据一般用途称为内部玻璃板（其是意在面向车辆乘客舱的玻璃板）和外部板（其是意在面向外部大气的玻璃板）。大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃的两块无机玻璃板通过重力一起弯曲，使得在它们整个表面上的曲率完全相同，甚至内部板和外部板具有彼此略微不同的几何形状，使得它们不可互换。
本发明能够获得对.22长步枪的射击等等、对冲击和穿透的所需防护，以及该层压窗玻璃的所需光学与几何品质，其相对于现有小规模生产中获得的那些层压窗玻璃得到了改善。报废玻璃板的数量本身也低得多。
含有两块玻璃板的大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃，如机动车辆挡风玻璃，其外周可能具有最恒定的几何形状，确保在其外周轮廓与它们的边缘表面构成的角度方面完美适应于它们装入其中的车身开口。由此，获得优异的耦合精度。此外，根据本发明的方法，获得的窗玻璃可以装配在车身开口中，特别是经由外部，和/或该窗玻璃的内部面可以倚靠该开口的框架，以与含有两块玻璃板的大规模生产的层压挡风玻璃相同的方式。
大规模生产所固有的最大限度的再现性也保证了该层压窗玻璃的最佳光学品质，以及制造（在本发明的情况下）可用于具有尽可能多的轻型装甲窗玻璃的显著成本降低。
根据本发明的方法的优选特征：
- 使用所述大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的层压窗玻璃的至少四个组件玻璃板；
- 使用所述大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的层压窗玻璃的最多六个组件玻璃板。
在本发明方法的第一种主要变体中，在其外部板一侧上接合到构成所述同一大规模生产的曲面层压玻璃的两块玻璃板上的是至少一个意在用于另一大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃的外部玻璃板，和/或在其内部板一侧上的是至少一块意在用于另一大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃的内部玻璃板。表述“意在用于”在这里和下文中指的是以下事实：该玻璃板通过重力与其“孪生”玻璃板一起弯曲以便如上所述在其整个表面上尽可能接近地匹配其曲率。
该第一主要变体的轻型装甲层压窗玻璃因此可以通过如下方法来制造：
- 在该内部玻璃板一侧上，将一块或多块其它大规模生产的曲面层压板的内部玻璃板接合到第一大规模生产的曲面层压板的内部玻璃板和外部玻璃板上，和/或
- 在该外部玻璃板一侧上，将一块或多块其它大规模生产的曲面层压板的外部玻璃板接合到第一大规模生产的曲面层压板的内部玻璃板和外部玻璃板上。
当同时使用一块所述其它大规模生产的曲面层压板的至少一块内部玻璃板和至少一块所述其它大规模生产的曲面层压板的至少一块外部玻璃板时，不排除这些意在用于同一其它大规模生产的层压板（并且它们特别在一起弯曲）。
在本发明的方法的第二种主要变体中，在其一侧或另一侧上连接到构成所述同一大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃的两块玻璃板上的是在相邻位置上至少一块其它大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的层压窗玻璃的两块玻璃板。至少两块大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃的两块玻璃板位于相邻位置；已经通过重力一起成对弯曲，它们的表面具有完全相同的曲率。就曲率而言，在一块大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压板与另一曲面层压板之间可能仅存在极为微小的不同，这种差异完全不会阻碍用任何聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯或离聚物树脂类型的常规层间粘合剂的层压。该玻璃板可以以已经由至少大规模生产的曲面层压板的两块板层压的状态连接，其随后任选加热以便连接到其它玻璃板上，或在层压所有这些大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压板之前。
本发明的方法的第一和第二主要变体可以同时进行。
本发明的另一主题是根据上述方法制造的轻型装甲层压窗玻璃，其中构成其的玻璃板具有1至4毫米、优选至少等于1.3毫米和最多等于3.2毫米的厚度。
该窗玻璃的玻璃板通过层间粘合剂彼此粘接。这可以是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）——其厚度为0.76毫米或该厚度的一半或（根据弹道要求和/或根据良好层压的要求）多种此类厚度的组合，拉伸至大约0.6毫米的厚度，乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯（EVA），或树脂，如离聚物树脂，该名单不限于此。该层间粘合剂可以提供提高的穿透阻力和/或防弹性能，以及其它功能如隔音。
根据本发明的轻型装甲玻璃的第一优选变体，与可能发生冲击的面相对的面是防碎的，这是由于其由厚度为1.8至4、优选2.2至3.3毫米的聚碳酸酯片材组成，其通过聚氨酯层粘接到玻璃板上。
根据本发明的轻型装甲玻璃的第二优选变体，其面向驾驶舱内部的面是防碎的，这是由于其由装备有聚硅氧烷类型的抗划伤和/或功能性涂层（例如通过亲水性功能的聚硅氧烷官能化获得的防凝露或抗起雾涂层）并通过聚氨酯或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的层粘接到玻璃板上的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯片材组成。
本发明的另一主题包括上述曲面层压玻璃作为机动车辆挡风玻璃，特别是作为轻型警车或卡车挡风玻璃的应用。这种曲面层压窗玻璃是防弹的，并能够抵抗棒球棒或类似物的穿透，同时保持轻质。
现在将根据以下示例性实施方案更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
考虑到形成大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的层压挡风玻璃，轻型装甲挡风玻璃由成对弯曲的透明钠钙浮法玻璃板制造。内部玻璃板具有1.6毫米的厚度，外部玻璃板具有2.1毫米的厚度。
内部玻璃板的内部面（在含有两块玻璃板的层压板中被称为面4，面1是与外部大气接触的面）带有在弯曲炉中退火的丝网印刷层。
由该层压板内部向外部组装意在用于第一大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的挡风玻璃的内部玻璃板和外部玻璃板，意在用于第二大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的挡风玻璃的外部玻璃板，随后的意在用于第三大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的挡风玻璃的外部玻璃板。该玻璃板通过厚度为0.6毫米的拉伸聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材成对粘接。
根据第一变体，聚碳酸酯（PC）的2.5毫米片材借助1.9毫米厚的聚氨酯层粘接到所述内部玻璃板的内部面上。
根据第二变体，将由0.38毫米（或0.76毫米）的增塑PVB片材和0.18毫米的DUPONTDE NEMOURS公司以注册商标Spallshield® SG2 – 157（或– 307）出售的涂有聚硅氧烷层的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）片材组成的复合材料粘接到所述内部玻璃板的内部面上。
实施例2
考虑到形成大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的层压挡风玻璃，轻型装甲挡风玻璃由成对弯曲的钠钙浮法玻璃板制造。内部玻璃板具有1.4毫米的厚度，外部玻璃板具有1.6毫米的厚度。
内部玻璃板是清澈的，外部玻璃板是着色的，并且它们的内部面（在含有两块玻璃板的层压板中被称为面2）带有丝网印刷层，其特别具有例如隐藏下面的电连接和/或内部玻璃板的外部面上的薄层的外周烧蚀或去边（demargination）的功能。
在该实施例中组装的（这次从层压板的外部向内部）是意在用于第一大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的挡风玻璃的外部玻璃板和内部玻璃板，随后依次为意在用于第二、第三、第四至第五大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的挡风玻璃的内部玻璃板。
在两块玻璃板之间使用与前面的实施例中相同的粘合剂中间层，并在由彼此粘接的所有玻璃板组成的部分层压板的内部面上组装由聚氨酯层和聚碳酸酯片材组成的相同的防碎部分层压板。
有可能使用声学PVB以便将特定玻璃板或所有玻璃板粘接在一起，或用厚度特别为0.89、1.52或2.28毫米的高机械性能树脂，特别是由DuPont de Nemours公司以注册商标SentryGlas® Plus出售的离聚物树脂取代一个或多个PVB层。本发明的曲面层压窗玻璃的玻璃板的相对薄度特别适于使用该离聚物树脂，其冷却由此与较厚玻璃板所发生的冷却相比加快。
该可以使用大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的层压板的几对厚度的外部片材，或内部片材，特别是：
- 2.1，分别地，2.1毫米；
- 2.6，分别地，2.1毫米，尤其地。
实施例3
除以下差别外，重复实施例1：该玻璃部分仅由两个大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃组成，将其加热，随后层压在一起，并且所有层间粘合剂由DuPont deNemours公司以注册商标SentryGlas® Plus出售的离聚物树脂的0.89毫米的层组成。
来自实施例1至3的窗玻璃具有防弹和对穿透的防护的所需功能。与小规模生产相比，获得了更短的制造时间、改善了窗玻璃的光学品质、稳定性、几何形状的精确性，并因此改善了该窗玻璃对其欲装入的车身开口的匹配。

Claims (14)

1.制造意在装配在运输车辆开口中的轻型装甲曲面层压窗玻璃的方法，所述方法适于大规模生产装配含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于使用此类大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃构成的至少三个组件曲面玻璃板，所述曲面层压窗玻璃含有两块玻璃板，来自此类同一大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃中的两块玻璃板已被预先在一起弯曲。
2.如权利要求1中所要求保护的方法，其特征在于使用至少四个组件玻璃板，其由所述大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃构成。
3.如前述权利要求之一中所要求保护的方法，其特征在于使用最多六个组件玻璃板，其由所述大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃构成。
4.如前述权利要求之一中所要求保护的方法，其特征在于在其外部板一侧上，连接到构成所述同一大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃的两块玻璃板上的是意在用于另一大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃的至少一个外部玻璃板，和/或在其内部板一侧上，是意在用于另一大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的曲面层压窗玻璃的至少一个内部玻璃板。
5.如前述权利要求之一中所要求保护的方法，其特征在于在其一侧或另一侧上连接到构成所述同一大规模生产的曲面层压窗玻璃的两块玻璃板上的是在相邻位置上的意在用于至少一个其它大规模生产的含有两块玻璃板的层压窗玻璃的两块玻璃板。
6.如前述权利要求之一的方法所述制造的轻型装甲曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于构成其的玻璃板具有1至4毫米的厚度。
7.如权利要求6中所要求保护的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于构成其的玻璃板具有至少等于1.3毫米的厚度。
8.如权利要求6和7之一中所要求保护的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于构成其的玻璃板具有最多等于3.2毫米的厚度。
9.如权利要求6至8之一中所要求保护的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于构成其的玻璃板通过层间粘合剂彼此粘接。
10.如权利要求9中所要求保护的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于至少一种层间粘合剂包含离聚物树脂。
11.如权利要求6至10之一中所要求保护的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于其意在朝向乘客舱内部的面由具有1.8至4、优选2.2至3.3毫米的厚度的聚碳酸酯片材组成，其通过聚氨酯层粘接到玻璃板上。
12.如权利要求6至10之一中所要求保护的曲面层压窗玻璃，其特征在于其意在朝向乘客舱内部的面由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯片材构成，其具有抗划伤和/或功能性涂层并通过聚氨酯或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的层粘接到玻璃板上。
13.如权利要求6至12之一所要求保护的曲面层压窗玻璃作为机动车辆挡风玻璃的应用。
14.如权利要求13中所要求保护的应用，作为轻型警车或卡车的挡风玻璃。
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